SECTION 613 RETAINING WALLS
613.01 DESCRIPTION. Construct a standard gravity, cast-in-place reinforced concrete
(CIP), or gabion retaining wall as specified in the Contract.
613.02 MATERIALS. Use the same material throughout all individual walls, and at
both ends of all individual structures. Use only approved systems and materials.
613.02.01 Concrete. Conform to Section 601.02 and 601.03.
613.02.02 Reinforcing Steel. Conform to Section 811 .
613.02.03 Joint Materials. For CIP walls conform to Section 807.
613.02.04 Geotextile Fabric. Conform to Section 843, Geotextile Fabric for
Subsurface Drainage and Separation. Use fabric sheets with a minimum width and lap of 18 inches for vertical joints, one foot for horizon tal joints, and 4 inches for all laps in fabric.
613.02.05 Granular Embankment. Conform to Section 805.
613.02.06 Gabion Baskets. Conform to Section 813.
613.02.07 Gabion Fill Material. Conform to Section 805.
613.02.08 Grout. Conform to Subsection 601.02.
613.03 Construction.
613.03.01 Design. When the plans do not include a complete design for the retaining
wall, provide all design calculations, shop drawings, and construction plans required. Comply with Subsection 107.05, covering the use of patented devices, materials, and processes.
1.Design the wall through a Registered Professional Engineer.
2.Design the wall in conformance with the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, current edition and all published interims, and all other AASHTO or Industry specifications required by the plans.
3.Require a minimum top wall thickness of 10 inches for standard gravity walls and a 9 inches minimum for all other CIP walls.
4.No materials are to be furnished and no fabrication or work done before the Department’s review of the proposed design, drawings, and instructions.
613.03.02 Foundation. Excavate the foundation bed for the retaining wall as required.
Before wall construction, compact the foundation to 95 percent of the maximum density as determined by KM 64-511. Remove and replace all foundation soils found unsuitable. If shown on the plans or directed by the Engineer, place structure granular backfill to the dimensions required under the footings or bottom units. Obtain approval by the Engineer before erection is started.
613.03.03 Standard Gravity Wall. Construct according to Standard Drawing No.
RGX-002. Construct walls, footings, leveli ng pads, copings, and all other cast-in-place appurtenances using Class B concrete according to Subsection 601.03. When the wall will be surcharged, special drawings are required. Ensure the base width is half the vertical height of the wall and the top width is one foot. Place transverse expansion joints 1/2 in ch in width at minimum intervals of 30 feet 613-1 throughout the length of retaining walls and fill with expansion joint material. All exposed edges shall be beveled 3/4 inch. When it is not practical to pour the wall to full height in one operation, ensure construction joints are truly horizontal and provide a bond between the sections with keys formed by beveled timbers. Where necessary to provide construction joints in the length of the wall, ensure joints are truly vertical a nd provide a bond between the sections with shear keys formed by beveled timbers. Grout around and behind all pipes in the wall face. Proportion grout according to Subsection 601.03. At the end of each day’s operation slope the last level of the backfill away from the wall facing to direct runoff away from the wall face. Do not allow surface runoff from adjacent areas to enter the wall construction site. When shown on the Plans or directed by the Engineer, backfill with structure granular backfill.
613.03.04 CIP Walls. Construct according to the structure plans.
613.03.05 Joints. Provide contraction joints at 30-foot intervals and 1/2-inch
expansion joints at 90-foot intervals in all CIP walls. Provide 1/2-inch joint material in all expansion joints. Place 24-inch long, 1/2-inch diameter, commercial grade steel dowels and 12-inch long, 5/8-inch inside diameter, comm ercial grade steel dowel sleeves across the joint. Provide caps on one end of the sleeves. Grease one end of the dowel and insert into the sleeve. Space dowels and sleeves at 12-inch intervals along the centerline of the wall stem. Do not pass reinforcing steel through either joint. Seal joints from top to bottom with waterstops.
613.03.06 Drainage. Provide 4-inch weep hole drains at 8-foot intervals through
standard gravity and CIP walls. Place fabric wrapped backfill drains at each weep hole according to Subsection 603.03.05. Place weep hol e inverts 6 inches above finish grade at the front face.
613.03.07 Gabion Walls. Construct according to Standard Drawings and the
Contract. Place the basket flat on the ground, flatten any kinks or bends, and erect the sides, ends and diaphragms. Ensure all creases are in the correct position and the tops of all sides are level. Lace the 4 corners of the basket together with alternating single and double loops at 5-inch intervals. Secure both ends of the lacing wire by looping and twisting. Install and lace internal diaphragms in the same manner. Place the individual assembled baskets in their proper location. Connect all adjoining baskets using individual tie wires looped and twisted at approximately 3-inch intervals along the entire perimeter of their contact surfaces. Partially fill the first basket in line for anchorage and stretch the connected gabions to proper alignment using a come-along or other means of at least one ton capacity. Keep the baskets in tension while filling. Control joints to avoid any unraveling. Filled in one-foot layers, in a manner that will minimize voids. Place 2 connecting wires in each direction between each layer in all cells by looping lacing wire around 2 mesh openings in the front and back face, and in the ends and diaphragms. Securely fasten the ends of the connecting wires to prevent their loosening under tension. Fill cells in each course of in stages. Do not allow any cell at any time to be filled to a depth exceeding one foot more than the adjoining cell. Level the last layer of stone with the top of the basket to allow proper closing of the lid and provide an even surface for the next course. Stretch the lids tightly over the stone fill using crowbars or similar methods, until the lid meets the edges of the front and ends. Tie the lids along all edges, ends, and diaphragms in the same manner as required for connecting adjoining baskets. Place and connect succeeding courses or tiers as specified for the first course. Offset vertical joints for succeeding courses at least 18 inches from course to course. Place baskets as headers or stretchers in accordance with the Contract. Tie each course of baskets to the lower course after stretching but before filling, with individual tie wires looped and twisted at approximately 3-inch spacing along all edges and diaphragms. Reinforce vertical edges at each end of the wall that are not connected to an 613-2 adjoining basket by looping and twisting individual tie wires at approximately 3 inches spacing the full length of such edges. Ensure the stone fill is firmly in place, bulging or distortion of the filled baskets is minimal, and all lacing and tying is thoroughly wound, looped and twisted to preclude loosening in service.
613.04 MEASUREMENT. The Department will measure items such as concrete barriers
that are not a part of normal retaining wall co nstruction as the wall area. When barriers are constructed on retaining walls, the plans will show the top of the wall for payment purposes. The Department will consider all joint material, design calculations, shop drawings, and construction plans with required correctio ns, manufacturer supplied technical assistance incidental to the retaining wall.
613.04.01 Standard Gravity and CIP Walls. The Department will measure concrete,
steel reinforcement, and structure excavation according to Subsections 601.04, 602.04, and 603.04, respectively. The Department will consider backfill, foundation preparation, portions of the footings for cast-in-place walls outside of the approved gross area, structure granular backfill, and geotextile fabric required incidental. The Engineer may include portions or all of the footings for cast-in-place wa lls in the gross area as shown on the plans. The Department will include the WWF dowel and dowel sleeves in the weight of steel reinforcement.
613.04.02 Gabion Walls. Unless the Contract provides for payment based on field
measurements, the Department will not measure gabion walls but will make final payment at the Contract unit price for the design quantity, increased or decreased by authorized adjustments. The Department will measure structure excavation according to Subsection 603.04.
613.05 PAYMENT. The Department will make payment for the completed and accepted
quantities under the following: Code Pay Item Pay Unit 08100-08105, 02555 Concrete See Subsection 601.05 08150 Steel Reinforcement See Subsection 602.05 02203 Structure Excavation Unclassified See Subsection 603.05 02223 Granular Embankment Cubic Yard 02610 Retaining Wall, Gabion Cubic Yard The Department will consider payment as full compensation for all work required under this section. 613-3 SECTION 614 MAINTENANCE CLEANING AND PAINTING STEEL BRIDGES
614.01 DESCRIPTION. Clean and prepare all surfaces to be painted; furnish and apply
all paint; maintain, protect, and control all pedestrian and vehicular traffic; and protect the structure and all other property against damage that may result from this work. The surfaces to be painted include all structural steel surfaces and other exposed metal surfaces that may exist within the limits of the project, such as handrails, guardrails, cables, wire fence, light fixtures, metal flooring, and other metal appurtenances, except items specifically deleted in the Contract.
614.02 Materials and Equipment.
614.02.01 Paint. Conform to Section 821 or as the Contract designates. Furnish a paint
system in which all coats are produced by the same manufacturer and use the same system throughout the entire project. Use a paints system from an approved supplier. A list of approved suppliers may be found in the Department’s List of Approved Materials maintained by the Division of Materials.
A.Paint Finish Coat Color. The finish coat color shall be gray and will meet the following values. L* a* b*
48.17 3.54 0.87
B.Acceptance Testing. The Department requires acceptance testing of samples obtained on a per-lot basis per-shipment. The Division of Materials will perform acceptance testing. At their option, the Engineer may elect to conduct more frequent sampling and testing. Test samples may be taken at the Contractor’s paint storage site. Department personnel will perform sampling. Allow (10) working days for testing and approval of the sampled paint. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to maintain an adequate inventory of approved paint. The Department assumes no responsibility for lost work due to rejection of paint or approved paint subsequently found to be defective during the application process .
C.Paint Storage, Handling, Sampling, Mixing and Thinning. Establish a paint storage site for receiving and storing paint delivered for use on the project. Locate the paint storage site separate from the job site. Receive all new paint at the storage site for inventory and acceptance testing. At that time, have the Contractor’s QC inspector and the Department’s inspectors independently inventory the supplied paint by batch number and quantities delivered. Their tallies should be compared and any differences resolved. The Department’s inspector examines all paint containers delivered and rejects those with 1) broken seals, 2) rust, 3) altered, missing or illegible batch numbers or labels and 4) dents. The Department’s inspector numbers and initials each container with an indelible marker. A representative of the Department samples each lot of material. Label rejected paint containers “REJECTED” and dispose of them promptly. Store unapproved or rejected c ontainers of paint separately from those that are approved. Allow no paint at the actual job site until the Division of Materials has approved it. Have both the Contractor’s QC inspector and the Department’s inspector conduct a daily start-up inventory of containers of approved paint brought to the job site noting batch numbers and the Department inspector’s container number. At the end of the work day, have the QC inspector and the 614-1
Source: Kentucky Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2019 Edition. Pages 395–397 of 718.