SECTION 614 MAINTENANCE CLEANING AND PAINTING STEEL BRIDGES
614.01 DESCRIPTION. Clean and prepare all surfaces to be painted; furnish and apply
all paint; maintain, protect, and control all pedestrian and vehicular traffic; and protect the structure and all other property against damage that may result from this work. The surfaces to be painted include all structural steel surfaces and other exposed metal surfaces that may exist within the limits of the project, such as handrails, guardrails, cables, wire fence, light fixtures, metal flooring, and other metal appurtenances, except items specifically deleted in the Contract.
614.02 Materials and Equipment.
614.02.01 Paint. Conform to Section 821 or as the Contract designates. Furnish a paint
system in which all coats are produced by the same manufacturer and use the same system throughout the entire project. Use a paints system from an approved supplier. A list of approved suppliers may be found in the Department’s List of Approved Materials maintained by the Division of Materials.
A.Paint Finish Coat Color. The finish coat color shall be gray and will meet the following values. L* a* b*
48.17 3.54 0.87
B.Acceptance Testing. The Department requires acceptance testing of samples obtained on a per-lot basis per-shipment. The Division of Materials will perform acceptance testing. At their option, the Engineer may elect to conduct more frequent sampling and testing. Test samples may be taken at the Contractor’s paint storage site. Department personnel will perform sampling. Allow (10) working days for testing and approval of the sampled paint. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to maintain an adequate inventory of approved paint. The Department assumes no responsibility for lost work due to rejection of paint or approved paint subsequently found to be defective during the application process .
C.Paint Storage, Handling, Sampling, Mixing and Thinning. Establish a paint storage site for receiving and storing paint delivered for use on the project. Locate the paint storage site separate from the job site. Receive all new paint at the storage site for inventory and acceptance testing. At that time, have the Contractor’s QC inspector and the Department’s inspectors independently inventory the supplied paint by batch number and quantities delivered. Their tallies should be compared and any differences resolved. The Department’s inspector examines all paint containers delivered and rejects those with 1) broken seals, 2) rust, 3) altered, missing or illegible batch numbers or labels and 4) dents. The Department’s inspector numbers and initials each container with an indelible marker. A representative of the Department samples each lot of material. Label rejected paint containers “REJECTED” and dispose of them promptly. Store unapproved or rejected c ontainers of paint separately from those that are approved. Allow no paint at the actual job site until the Division of Materials has approved it. Have both the Contractor’s QC inspector and the Department’s inspector conduct a daily start-up inventory of containers of approved paint brought to the job site noting batch numbers and the Department inspector’s container number. At the end of the work day, have the QC inspector and the 614-1 Department’s inspector conduct another inventory noting the number of paint containers expended, Department inspector’s inventory numbers, and types of paint. Inventory paint containers brought on the job site and not used. Re-inventory those when they are taken back to the job site to be used. All storage, mixing, and thinning shall comply with the manufacturer product data sheets (PDS) The addition of solvents (thinning agent) to paint is permitted only by written approval from the Division of Materials. Use only new solvents supplied by the paint manufacturer. Solvent addition must yield paint with a volatile organic compound (VOC) content equal to or less than 2.8 lb./gal. Add solvents at the job site in the presence of the Department inspector. Use only solvents from new, unopened containers with the solvent manufacturer’s labeling intact. The QC inspector will record locations where solvent-thinned paint was used. Keep solvents used for cleaning at the job site in sealed containers away from mixing operations. Collect solven ts used to clean brushes, rollers, or spray equipment in sealed containers and store them as a hazardous waste. The paint manufacturer is required to provide a technical representative at the job site when requested by the contractor or the Department at no additional cost to the Department.
614.02.02 Brushes. Use brushes not exceeding 4 inches in width. Maintain brushes
in a usable and acceptable condition at all times.
614.02.03 Spraying Equipment. Conform to the paint manufacturer’s
recommendations. Use equipment that applies the paint in a fine, even spray without adding thinner. Provide adequate separators and traps in the air spraying equipment to remove all water and oil from the compressed air.
614.03 Construction.
614.03.01 Responsibility for Damage. Protect all pedestrian, vehicular, and other
traffic upon or beneath the bridge; all adjacent property; and all portions of the bridge superstructure and substructure against damage or disfigurement by paint or paint materials. When performing work in urban areas, or when developed areas exist in the close vicinity of the work, submit for the Engineer’s review a detailed written outline, including sketches, if necessary, of the proposed methods to prevent damage to these areas from the work. Include specific information for protecting vehicular traffic on or beneath the bridge, boats and marinas beneath the bridge, and buildings or other property in the vicinity of the bridge. Do not begin work until the Engineer reviews and accepts the protection methods. Take sole responsibility for all damage resulting from painting operations, even if the Engineer reviewed and accepted the protection methods.
614.03.02 Seasonal and Weather Limitations. Apply paint between April 1st and
November 15th. The Department may allow painting at other times when the Engineer approves in writing. Apply paints only to clean and dry surfaces, when the ambient air temperature is 40 º F or greater, the surface temperature of the steel members to be painted is at least 5º F above the dew point, and the relative humidity is less than 90 percent or in accordance with the paint manufacture’s recommended ambient condition ranges, whichever is more stringent. Record and verify that ambient conditions are in compliance at the location where painting is to be performed prior to beginning paint application and at a minimum of every 4 hours throughout the application and curing process for each applied paint. Additional monitoring and recording of ambient conditions may be required with noticeable change in weather conditions or at the Engineers discretion. 614-2
614.03.03 Prosecution of the Work. Upon beginning the operation of cleaning and
painting, proceed with the operation on all working days, without stoppage, until completion. When specified in the Contract, submit a schedule proposing the sequence and time needed to clean and paint all structures included in the Contract. Clean and paint all areas in strict conformance with the Contract, unless the Engineer approves alternate methods in writing.
A.SUBMITTALS The Contractor shall submit the following written items to the Project Engineer 15 Working Days prior to the Pre-Construction Conference:
1.A detailed Progress of Work Schedule conforming to 108.02 including an Activity Bar Chart.
2.Traffic Control Plan
3.Worker Protection Plan
4.Environmental Compliance Plan, including a Waste Management, a Ground Water Protection Plan and an Emissions Monitoring Plan.
5.Manufacturers’ recommended Film Thickness and application conditions for the paint system to be used (product data sheets and MSDS).
6.Rigging and Containment Plan, Design for rigging and containment shall be signed and stamped by a licensed Kentucky professional engineer. All submittals must be received, accepted, reviewed and/or approved prior to beginning any work
614.03.04 Maintaining Traffic. Maintain all pedestrian, highway, railway, and
waterway traffic while working. Do not leave cleaning or painting equipment on the roadways or sidewalks of any structure overnight. Furnish and erect all necessary warning signs and other traffic control devices as directed to ensure public safety and convenience.
614.03.05 Workmanship. All structural steel surfaces are to be properly cleaned and
painted to the contract documents and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. There will be no provision for missed areas or substandard work regardless of size of the area in question. All improperly prepared or painted surfaces are to be repaired to meet the provisions of this specification. Allowable field variation of the color of all cured finish coats on structural steel will be 1.5 E cmc. These values shall be obtained from a spectrophotometer utilizing a D65 illuminant at 45 illumination and 0 viewing with a 2 observer. Surfaces with finish coats with color variations exceeding the 1.5 Ecmc value will be repainted at the option of the Engineer.
614.03.06 Environmental and Worker Safety regulations
A.Governing regulations. The existing paint in this project may contain lead, which is classified as a hazardous (toxic) material. Be knowledgeable of and comply with, all lead-related environmental and health regulations governing the Contractor's operations. Comply with regulations current at the time the work is performed and all requirements herein. Collect, transport to waste storage sites, and store hazardous wastes in accordance with applicable environmental and health regulations. The contractor is solely responsible for collection, transport, storage and disposal of all industrial wastes. 614-3
B.Liabilities and Obligations. The contractor is solely responsible for compliance with all applicable environmental and health and safety regulations to the satisfaction of the applicable government regulatory agencies and the Department. The Department assumes no obligations or liabilities for work stoppages or fines due to enforcement actions by government regulatory agencies or to related delays that the Department deems necessary.
C.State and Local Regulatory Agencies. State and local regulatory agencies charged with enforcing most regulations affecting the generation of hazardous wastes and worker safety issues are: Kentucky Occupational Safety and Health Program, Labor Cabinet, Commonwealth of Kentucky, Frankfort, Kentucky Environmental and Public Protection Cabinet, Commonwealth of Kentucky, Frankfort, Kentucky
D.Groundwater Protection. The contractor will prepare and implement a groundwater protection plan in accordance with KAR and KRS current regulation and statutes, with the exception that hazardous waste or hazardous materials container volume is not limited to greater than 55 gallons or weight to 100 pounds
614.03.07 Unsatisfactory Work. Remove paint, at any stage of its completion that
the Engineer finds unsatisfactory, and clean, prepare again, and repaint the surface at no expense to the Department and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Unsatisfactory work includes but is not be limited to:
1.Failure to properly clean and prepare the surface;
2.Poor workmanship in application of the paint;
3.Painting with impure, improperly mixed, thinned, or unauthorized paint; and
4.Failure of the paint to adhere to the metal, other substrate or to previously applied paint coat.
614.03.08 Over-Coating Cleaning And Painting
A.Containment. Totally enclose all structural steel during all phases of the work. Use containment that meets the criteria for SSPC Guide 6 – Containment Classification Class 2W with the exception of 85% containment screens used to support the geotextile fabric conforming to 614.04.04. A minimum air movement in containment is not specified but the contractor will demonstrate that the air movement in the containment will provide the necessary engineering control to comply with OSHA worker sa fety requirements (i.e., l ead standards as required by 29 CFR 1926). 1) Emissions - The contractor will provide the necessary apparatus to keep all debris from cleaning and painting operations off the roadways and waterways. The contractor will be required to submit, to the Department for approval prior to starting work, the plan that he will follow in protecting the traveling public and keeping debris off the roadways. The contractor will submit a design for the protection device. Prior to submission, the design must be reviewed and approved by a Kentucky licensed Professional Engineer. The Department will review the submission for acceptance. 614-4 Monitor and assess the quantity of emissions from containment using SSPC Technology Guide No. 6, SSPC Technology Update No. 7, and the following requirements for Visible Emissions – General Surveillance (Visible Emission Evaluations for Total Dust – Timing), EPA Ambient Air Monitoring for Toxic Metals (TSP-Lead), and Visual Assessment of Site Cleanliness. Method A Visible Emissions-General Surveillance: Monitor containment for visible emissions for a minimum of 15 minutes for every 4 hours of surface preparation, including collection of abrasive media and cleaning of containment materials, and paint application operations. Record the duration of visible emissions from each 15 minute observation period in the logbook. Allowable visible emissions shall not exceed Level 1 Emissions, as defined in SSPC Technology Guide No. 6. Observance of emissions at any time may require (at the discretion of the Engineer) that operations cease until the containment is sufficient to prevent emissions. Method D Conduct EPA Ambient Air Monitoring for Toxic Metals (TSP-Lead) in accordance with 40 CFR 50. Conduct background monitoring for a minimum of 3 days prior to mobilization of equipment and installation of containment materials. Select an analytical laboratory which is approved to perform TSP-Lead analyses through the National Environmental Laboratories Accreditation Program (NELAP). Submit certified analytical results for each sample to the Engineer within 5 days of obtaining the sample. Emissions monitored by this method shall not exceed 1.5 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m
3.as a 90 day average as defined in the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for Lead. Calculations to determine adjusted acceptable allowances based on NAAQS and site specific schedules are detailed in SSPC Technology Guide No. 6 and SSPC Technology Update No. 7. Method G At a minimum, visually assess the worksite for cleanliness at the beginning end of each work shift. Record each assessment in the logbook noting the location and description of any accumulation of debris. Production work will not continue without approval of site cleanliness.
2.Lighting . Provide proper (OSHA Compliant) lighting on all operations (i.e. surface preparation, painting and inspection). Lighting for inspection will meet the criteria described in SSPC Guide 12 (Guide for Illumination of Industrial Painting Projects) for inspection.
3.Housekeeping . Collect wastes deposited, paint debris, abrasive materials and any other materials on the containment materials daily. In addition, clean containment materials prior to moving/dismantling. The Project Engineer may direct additional cleaning as conditions warrant.
4.Access. The contractor will provide OSHA compliant safe access for all cleaning, painting, and inspections.
B.Surface Preparation. Before applying any paint, thoroughly clean and properly prepare all surfaces to be coated, including drains, expansion dam troughs, and other areas subject to build up of rust and debris as required by the contract documents and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Expect that surface conditions may vary throughout the structure, requiring different cleaning methods to prepare the surfaces for painting. Remove all contaminants that might prevent paint from adhering tightly to the underlying surface. 614-5 Pressure wash and tool clean all steel surfaces to be over-coated to requirements specified in the Contract. Obtain the minimum acceptable surface quality immediately before painting that corresponds to the Contract requirements. Do not apply paint until the Engineer inspects and accepts the cleaned surfaces. Remove and clean all trash, debris , and other foreign substances from pockets and crevices and from around expansion dams, bearing plates, shoes, etc. Clean the entire surface of the bridge seat on each unit of the structure. Cut and remove all tree limbs or other growth overhanging or fouling the structure. Proceed with cleaning by sections, bays, or other readily identifiable parts of work. Completely clean each section, bay, or part, and have it inspected and accepted by the Engineer before applying any paint. Provide safe access to the work to allow the Engineer to properly inspect the cleaning and painting. When traffic or any other source produces an objectionable amount of dust, prevent dust and dirt from coming in contact with the cleaned or freshly painted surfaces. The contractor is solely responsible for any damages arising from the surface preparation operations
1.Solvent Cleaning. Prior to using any of the met hods of substrate preparation specified herein, remove visible grease and oil from the surface. Clean the surface in accordance with SSPC-SP 1 to remove oil, grease, and any other surface contaminants. Use only solvents or detergents that are acceptable to the paint manufacturer and the Department. Use clean cloths for the final wiping of the cleaned surface. Collect, handle, store, and dispose of all cleaning materials as hazardous waste.
2.Stratified Rust Removal. Remove all stratified rust from all structural steel prior to hand-tool cleaning. Collect all rust debris and dispose of it with the other debris generated by pressure washing.
3.Pressure Washing. Clean all structural steel by pressure washing. Equip spray wands used in pressure washing with 0º spinner nozzles. Equip the pressure washer(s) with calibrated gage(s) and pressure regulators to ascertain and regulate water pressure. Furnish the Engineer with two calibrated gages of the type installed on the pressure washer(s). These gages will be used to measure the water pressure at the wand. Size the pressure washers so that no combination of hose length or pressure washer placement will result in an output pressure not less than 4,500 psi or more than 5,000 psi from any spray wand at any pressure washing location. Wand extensions greater than 36 inches will be subject to Central Office Division of Construction approval. 4) Wash Water. Use clean, potable water for pressure washing. Do not use water from streams, ponds, lakes and rivers. At the discretion of the contractor, a non-sudsing, biodegradable detergent may be added to the water to optimize the cleaning operation. If a detergent is used, thoroughly rinse the surface afterwar d. After the surface is pressure washed and allowed to dry, inspect it for remaining visible dirt. Wipe the dried surface with black and white rags to ascertain cleanliness. Re-clean and rinse as necessary to remove a ll contaminants on the working surface. On all surfaces not cleaned satisfact orily by pressure washing, employ one or more additional methods including: 1) hand scrubbing using wet rags, 2) solvent cleaning by wiping with solvent-soaked rags, and/or 3) steam cleaning. After using any additional cleaning procedures, pressure wash those areas.
5.Tool Cleaning. After pressure washing, perform mechanical surface preparation on all surfaces not possessing clean, adherent paint (e.g. loose rust, loose paint, or mill scale). Clean those surfaces to an SSPC-SP15 , power 614-6 tool cleaning. After tool cleaning and prior to painting, remove all residue, dirt, dust, or similar contaminants from the cleaned surface to the satisfaction of the Engineer..
C.Paint Application . Do not paint areas until they have been inspected and approved by the Engineer. Apply paint only to dry surfaces. Allow washed surfaces to dry 24 hours before applying paint. Regardless of the location of painting activities, do not paint during periods of any rainfall. When necessary or requested by the Engineer, furnish a technical representative from the paint manufacturer to observe the initial application of all paints used, to advise as to proper application techniques, and to determine that proper results are being obtained. Ensure that the technical representative is also available to visit the project at all times during the work if the Engineer requests or deems a visit is necessary. Spread the paint smoothly and uniformly, and work it into all corners and crevices without allowing excess paint to collect at any point. When the Engineer determines that the Contractor’s chosen method of paint application is not satisfactory, the Contractor and the paint manufacturer shall submit remediation and application procedures for review. Apply paint with daubers or other equipment as needed on surfaces inaccessible to brushes. When applying paint with spray equipment, immediately brush the area sprayed as necessary to secure uniform coverage and to eliminate wrinkling, blistering, and air holes. Paint from the top of the structure toward the bottom, and proceed by sections, bays, or parts of the work, unless the Contract or Engineer directs otherwise. Finish painting each coat on each section, bay, or part of work before applying a succeeding coat to any portion of that section, bay or part. Ensure that each coat is thoroughly dry throughout the full thickness of the coat before applying another coat. Stripe coating shall be in accordance with SSPC-PA Guide 11 and shall be applied to all coats of paint. Striping of primer applied to bare steel, iron or other metallic substrate, shall be applied after the full primer application (utilizing a contrasting color of approved zinc rich primer). Striping of subsequent coats of paint shall be performed prior to full coat application. All sharp and non-radiused edges, welds, outside corners, bolt heads, threads, nuts, rivet heads, edges and ends of plates, edges and ends of diaphragms, lattice straps, inside corner s of box members, seams, crevices, back to back members, pitted steel, other discontinuities and all other locations required by the Engineer, shall be striped on all required coats of the chosen paint system. Striping shall extend a minimum of 1 inch from edges, corners, nuts, bolts, rivets, etc. Any alteration of striping coverage shall require written approval from the Engineer. All manufacture’s recommendations shall apply to stripe paint for recoat windows, dry to handle, dry to cure, and any other stated recommendations from the Manufacture’s Product Data Sheets (MPDS) for the paint system application. The stripe coats shall be applied by spray, brush, roller, daubers, and other means and method with approval of the Engineer. If the Contractor’s chosen method of applying stripe coat is not producing results acceptable to the Engineer, the Engineer will require th e stripe coat application method to be changed. The application of stripe coats, shall be considered incidental to painting of the bridge and incidental to each indi vidual coat application. Stripe coat 614-7 application shall be considered a separate inspection point, within the inspection of each applied coat of a complete paint system. Conform to the tolerance requirements of Appendix A, Tabulation of Construction tolerances or as the Contract specifies. Prime Coat - Paint all structural steel with one (1) coat (dry film thickness per manufacturer’s product data sheet) of organic zinc rich primer Stripe Coat Primer as per above Stripe Coat Intermediate as per above Intermediate Coat - Paint all structural steel with one (1) full intermediate coat epoxy (dry film thickness per manufacturer’s product data sheet) Stripe Coat Finish as per above Finish Coat - Paint all structural steel with one (1) full finish coat urethane (dry film thickness per manufacturer’s product data sheet)
1.Thinning. Do not thin paint unless the Engineer gives written permission. Add only thinners specified or recommended in writing by the manufacturer according to the written recommendations of the manufacturer. Provide the Engineer with the manufacturer’s technical data sheets and application instructions for the thinner and its use with the paint.
2.Mixing. Thoroughly mix the paint in the original containers. Use a mechanical mixer to mix the paint so the pigment is in uniform suspension. Frequently stir the paint to keep it thoroughly mixed while being applied to keep the pigments in suspension, according to the paint manufacturer’s written instructions or as directed.
3.Marking. Stencil the county number, bridge number, the month and year of the completion date, and any existing panel number system or panel number system set forth in the contract on the structure at locations determined by the Engineer. Make the legend in letters and numerals at a minimum of 3 inches and maximum 6 inches tall, and use a paint color that contrast with the background. County Number XXX Bridge Number B00XXX(L, R, or N) Completion Date XX/20XX
4.Spray painting - Take all steps necessary to preclude damage to public property from paint overspray. Those steps may include changes in the type of containment or cessation of spraying operations. The contractor is solely responsible for any damages arising from the painting operations.
5.Repair of paint defects - Paint defects, such as pinholes, cracks, blisters, and runs etc. may be encountered. Repair all defects in new paint to the manufacturer’s recommendation and the satisfaction of the Engineer.
D.Collection, Handling, Storage, Transport and Disposal Of Hazardous, Industrial Wastes And Wash Water. Have a “Competent Person for lead abatement” as defined by OSHA
1926.62 on site during any operations which disturb lead.
The Department will provide a site on its property for the Contractor to erect a temporary waste storage facility. St ore hazardous waste at that site, in a secured six-foot high chain-link fence enclosure. The enclosure shall be built in accordance with the Standard Drawing No. RFC-001 (current edition) of the Kentucky Department of Highways Standard Drawings Book, with the exception that concrete footers are not required for posts. The fence of the storage area must be firmly attached to metal posts and have a locked gate. The gate must be secured to the fence post by a chain and a lock. Each side of the enclosure is to have appropriate placarding forbidding unauthorized entrance and announcing 614-8 that the area is a hazardous waste/lead storage site. Cover the ground where the drums will be stored with a waterproof tarpaulin. The contractor shall maintain the tarpaulin to avoid tears or punctures. The drums will be set on skids that are placed on the tarpaulin. There must be adequate aisle space between the rows of stored drums so that the drums and labels can be inspected at any time. The storage area is to be maintained/operated to prevent releases. The drum storage enclosure must have a spill clean-up kit. The package must include, but not be limited to shovel, broom, dustpan and absorbent material for solvents. There must be access to communications or alarms whenever authorized personnel are in the storage compound. The designated area must be secured prior to the onset of operations at the job site. Maintain the hazardous waste storage facility and return the site to its original state when the work is completed. Copies of all manifests with the Land Restriction Notice attached will be provided to Project Engineer. All waste/scrap materials generated during surface preparation are to be considered hazardous. Hazardous materials are to be stored separate from paint debris. All solvents used in cleaning are also to be considered hazardous waste. Store solvent wastes in separate containers (i.e. not with the paint debris). Dispose of industrial wastes such as paint buckets, paint-contaminated rags, rollers, clogged spray hoses and brushes. Store those wastes in appropriate containers, separated from the hazardous wastes, and appropriately labeled, prior to disposal. All wastes are to be collected and placed in appropriate containers on a daily basis. The Contractor is solely responsible for the management and the disposal of all hazardous waste generated during the cleaning and painting operations in accordance with the Kentucky Revised Statutes, Chapter 224, Subchapter 46, and the Kentucky Administrative Regulations. The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet will file a Notification of Hazardous Waste Activity with the Kentucky Division of Waste Management to obtain an EPA Identification Number in accordance with 401 KAR 32:010, Section 3. The Cabinet will provide the Contractor with this EPA ID number to be used in hazardous waste management in compliance with 401 KAR 32:010, Section 3 (1). The Contractor is responsible fo r furnishing appropriate U.S. DOT containers that are made or lined with materials which are compatible with the hazardous waste to be stored in accordance with 401 KAR 35:180, Section 3. All hazardous wastes collected at the job site will be placed in those containers for transport to the storage site. The containers will be used and managed at the job site and at the storage site in accordance with 401 KAR 35:180. Prior to the transfer of the containers of hazardous waste from the job site to the storage area, the containers will be correctly sealed, labeled, marked and placarded as defined in the pre-transport requirements of 401 KAR 32:030. Each container will be labeled “Hazardous Waste” and the date clearly marked when the hazardous waste is first added to the container in compliance with 401KAR35:180, Section 4(3). That date marked is the start date of the seventy-five (75) day storage period The generator for the waste under this contract is the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. All records including the labels on the waste containers 614-9 and the manifests are to be completed using the Transportation Cabinet as the generator. The Department requires that all hazardous waste be removed within seventy-five (75) days of the accumulation start date. The Contractor will select a registered hazardous waste transporter to transport the containers of hazardous waste generated during the painting operations to a permitted hazardous waste treatment, storage or disposal facility. The hazardous waste will be manifested with a Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest that is to be completed, in entirety, as per the regulations of 401 KAR 32:020 and 401 KAR 32:100. Copies of all manifests will be provided to the project Engineer and the Central Office, Division of Construction. Final pay for the project will not be released until the Department receives the final copies of the manifests that are signed and dated by receiving facility owner or operator. Failure to remove the hazardous waste within Seventy-Five (75) days will result in a performance penalty of Two Thousand Dollars ($2,000.00) per day per drum that the containers are left in storage. This penalty is in addition to any fines that may be assessed by regulatory agencies other than the Transportation Cabinet. Store non-hazardous wastes in appropriate containers, separated from the hazardous wastes, and appropriately labeled, prior to disposal. All waste wash water will be filtered prior to release. Employ geotextile fabric consisting of a polypropylene, non-woven, needle-punched geotextile or equivalent. The fabric will have the following properties: Grab tensile (ASTM D4632): 100 lbs. or greater Apparent opening size (ASTM D4751): 0.43 mm(#40 US Sieve) Permittivity (ASTM D4491): 0.7 - 1.0 sec. or better Provide written certifications from the geotextile fabric manufacturer(s) that the material furnished complies with the requirements of this specification. The Department will obtain approval for release of the filtered wash water. The Department will conduct periodic sampling of the wash water during the project.
614.03.09 ABRASIVE BLAST CLEANING AND PAINTING A) Containment. Totally enclose all elements to be cleaned and painted during all
phases of the work. Use containment that meets the criteria for SSPC Technology Guide No. 6 – Containment Classification Class 2A with an entryway condition E2 (re-sealable).
1.Air Pressure . Negative air pressure meeting the requirements for Type H2 will be maintained.
2.Air Movement . A minimum air movement in containment is not specified but the contractor will demonstrate that the air movement in the containment will provide the necessary engineering control to comply with OSHA worker safety requirements (i.e., lead standards as required by 29 CFR 1926).
3.Emissions. The contractor will provide the necessary apparatus to keep all debris from cleaning and painting operations off the roadways and waterways. The contractor will be required to submit, to the Department for approval prior to starting work, the plan that he will follow in protecting the traveling public and keeping debris off the roadways. The contractor will submit a design for the protection device. Prior to submission, the design must 614-10 be reviewed and approved by a Kentucky licensed Professional Engineer. The Department will review the submission for acceptance. Monitor and assess the quantity of emissions from containment using SSPC Technology Guide No. 6, SSPC Technology Update No. 7, and the following requirements for Visible Emissions – General Surveillance (Visible Emission Evaluations for Total Dust – Timing), EPA Ambient Air Monitoring for Toxic Metals (TSP-Lead), and Visual Assessment of Site Cleanliness. Method A Visible Emissions-General Surveillance: Monitor containment for visible emissions for a minimum of 15 minutes for every 4 hours of surface preparation, including collection of abrasive media and cleaning of containment materials, and paint application operations. Record the duration of visible emissions from each 15 minute observation period in the logbook. Allowable visible emissions shall not exceed Level 1 Emissions, as defined in SSPC Technology Guide No. 6. Observance of emissions at any time may require (at the discretion of the Engineer) that operations cease until the containment is sufficient to prevent emissions. Method D Conduct EPA Ambient Air Monitoring for Toxic Metals (TSP-Lead) in accordance with 40 CFR 50. Conduct background monitoring for a minimum of 3 days prior to mobilization of equipment and installation of containment materials. Select an analytical laboratory which is approved to perform TSP-Lead analyses through the National Environmental Laboratories Accreditation Program (NELAP). Submit certified analytical results for each sample to the Engineer within 5 days of obtaining the sample. Emissions monitored by this method shall not exceed 1.5 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m
3.as a 90 day average as defined in the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for Lead. Calculations to determine adjusted acceptable allowances based on NAAQS and site specific schedules are detailed in SSPC Technology Guide No. 6 and SSPC Technology Update No. 7. Method G At a minimum, visually assess the worksite for cleanliness at the beginning end of each work shift. Record each assessment in the logbook noting the location and description of any accumulation of debris. Production work will not continue without approval of site cleanliness.
4.Lighting. Provide proper (OSHA Compliant) lighting on all operations (i.e. surface preparation, painting and inspection). Lighting for inspection will meet the criteria described in SSPC Guide 12 (Guide for Illumination of Industrial Painting Projects) for inspection.
5.Housekeeping. Collect wastes deposited, paint debris, abrasive materials and any other materials on the containment materials daily. In addition, clean containment materials prior to moving/dismantling. The Project Engineer may direct additional cleaning as conditions warrant.
6.Access. The contractor will provide OSHA compliant safe access for all cleaning, painting, and inspections.
B.Surface preparation. Before applying any paint, thoroughly clean and properly prepare all surfaces to be coated, including drains, expansion dam troughs, and other areas subject to build up of rust and debris , as required by the contract documents and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Expect that surface conditions may vary throughout the structure, requiring different cleaning methods to prepare the surfaces for painting. Remove all contaminants that might prevent paint from adhering tightly to the underlying surface. Abrasive blast all structural steel and appurtenances to requirements specified in the Contract. Obtain the minimum acceptable surface quality immediately before 614-11 painting that corresponds to the Contract requirements. Do not apply paint until the Engineer inspects and accepts the cleaned surfaces. Remove and clean all trash, debris, a nd other foreign substances from pockets and crevices and from around expansion dams, bearing plates, shoes, etc. Clean the entire surface of the bridge seat on each unit of the structure. Cut and remove all tree limbs or other growth overhanging or fouling the structure. Proceed with cleaning by sections, bays, or other readily identifiable parts of work. Completely clean each section, bay, or part, and have it inspected and accepted by the Engineer before applying any paint. Provide safe access to the work to allow the Engineer to properly inspect the cleaning and painting. When traffic or any other source produces an objectionable amount of dust, prevent dust and dirt from coming in contact with the cleaned or freshly painted surfaces.
1.Solvent Cleaning . Prior to using any of the methods of substrate preparation specified herein, remove visible grease and oil from the surface. Clean the surface in accordance with SSPC-SP 1 to remove oil, grease, and any other surface contaminants. Use only solvents or detergents that are acceptable to the paint manufacturer and the Department. Use clean cloths for the final wiping of the cleaned surface. Collect, handle, store, and dispose of all cleaning materials as hazardous waste.
2.Compressed Air . When compressed air is used for any work, use only compressed air that is free from oil and/or water. Verify the cleanliness of the compressed air in accordance with ASTM D 4285 (blotter test). Verify the cleanliness of the compressed air at l east once per shift per compressor or as directed by the Engineer.
3.Abrasive media. Use recyclable steel grit abrasive media that conforms to SSPC AB-2 and AB-3, and will impart an angular profile in accordance with paint’s manufacture’s recommendations for anchor profile.
4.Abrasive blast cleaning - Abrasive blast clean all structural steel to an SSPC- SP 10/NACE NO. 2 “Near White Blast Cleaning” standard as described in the current SSPC documents. Provide an abrasive sized to produce an anchor profile of 1.5 t 4.5 mils. After blast cleaning, remove all surface imperfections that remain (e.g. sharp fins, sharp edges, weld splatter, burning slag, scabs, slivers, etc.).
C.PAINT APPLICATION. When necessary or requested by the Engineer, furnish a technical representative from the paint manufacturer to observe the initial application of all paints used, to advise as to proper application techniques, and to determine that proper results are being obtained. Ensure that the technical representative is also available to visit the project at all times during the work if the Engineer requests or deems a visit is necessary. Spread the paint smoothly and uniformly, and work it into all corners and crevices without allowing excess paint to collect at any point. When the Engineer determines that the Contractor’s chosen method of paint application is not satisfactory, the Contractor and the paint manufacturer shall submit remediation and application procedures for review. Apply paint with daubers or other means on surfaces inaccessible to brushes. When applying paint with spray equipment, immediately brush the area sprayed as necessary to secure uniform coverage and to eliminate wrinkling, blistering, and air holes. Paint from the top of the structure toward the bottom, and proceed by sections, bays, or parts of the work, unless the Contract or Engineer directs otherwise. Finish painting each coat on each section, bay, or part of work before applying a succeeding coat to any portion of that section, bay or part. Ensure that each coat is thoroughly dry throughout the full thickness of the coat before applying another coat. 614-12 Stripe coating shall be in accordance with SSPC-PA Guide 11 and shall be applied to all coats of paint. Striping of primer applied to bare steel, iron or other metallic substrate, shall be ap plied after the full primer application (utilizing a contrasting color of approved zinc rich primer). Striping of subsequent coats of paint shall be performed prior to full coat application. All sharp and non-radiused edges, welds, outs ide corners, bolt heads, threads, nuts, rivet heads, edges and ends of plates, edges and ends of diaphragms, lattice straps, inside corners of box members, se ams, crevices, back to back members, pitted steel, other discontinuities and all other locations required by the Engineer, shall be striped on all required coats of the chosen paint system. Striping shall extend a minimum of 1 inch from edges, corners, nuts, bolts, rivets, etc. Any alteration of striping coverage shall require written approval from the Engineer. All manufacture’s recommendations shall apply to stripe paint for recoat windows, dry to handle, dry to cure, and any other stated recommendations from the Manufacture’s Product Da ta Sheets (MPDS) for the paint system application. The stripe coats shall be applied by spray, brush, roller, daubers, and other means and method with approval of the Engineer. If the Contractor’s chosen method of applying stripe coat is not producing results acceptable to the Engineer, the Engineer will require the stripe coat application method to be changed. The application of stripe coats, shall be considered incidental to painting of the bridge and incidental to each indi vidual coat application. Stripe coat application shall be considered a separate inspection point, within the inspection of each applied coat of a complete paint system. Conform to the tolerance requirements of Appendix A, Tabulation of Construction tolerances or as the Contract specifies. Do not paint areas until they have been inspected and approved by the Engineer. Apply paint only to dry clean surfaces. Ensure that the appropriate resulting surface condition, as described in the Surface Preparation section, is present at the time of primer application (i.e. re-treat if rust-back occurs). Apply a Class I (Type I or II) or Class II (Type I or II) paint system from the List of Approved Materials and consisting of: Prime Coat - Paint all structural steel with one (1) coat (dry film thickness per manufacturer’s product data sheet) of organic zinc rich primer Stripe Coat Primer as per above Stripe Coat Intermediate as per above Intermediate Coat - Paint all structural steel with one (1) full intermediate coat epoxy (dry film thickness per manufacturer’s product data sheet) Stripe Coat Finish as per above Finish Coat - Paint all structural steel with one (1) full finish coat urethane (dry film thickness per manufacturer’s product data sheet)
1.Thinning. Do not thin paint unless the Engi neer gives written permission. Add only thinners specified or recommended in writing by the manufacturer according to the written recommendations of the manufacturer. Provide the Engineer with the manufacturer’s technical data sheets and application instructions for the thinner and its use with the paint.
2.Mixing. Thoroughly mix the paint in the original containers. Use a mechanical mixer to mix the paint so the pigment is in uniform suspension. Frequently stir the paint to keep it thoroughly mixed while being applied to keep the pigments in suspension, according to the paint manufacturer’s written instructions or as directed. 614-13
3.Marking. Stencil the county number, bridge number, the month, and year of the completion date, and any existing panel number system or panel number system set forth in the contract shall be stenciled on the structure at location determined by the Engineer. Make the legend in letters and numerals at a minimum of 3 inches and maximum 6 inches tall, and use a paint color that contrast with the background. County Number ### Bridge Number B0XXXX(L, R, or N) Completion Date MM/YYYY
4.Spray painting - Take all steps necessary to preclude damage to public property from paint overspray. Those steps may include changes in the type of containment or cessation of spraying operations. The contractor is solely responsible for any damages arising from the painting operations.
5.Repair of paint defects - Paint defects, such as pinholes, cracks, blisters, and runs etc. may be encountered. Repair all defects in new paint to the manufacturers recommendation and the satisfaction of the Engineer
D.WASTE MANAGEMENT and RECYCLABLE SURFACE PREPARATION RESIDUE MANAGEMENT. All wastes shall be collected and placed in appropriate containers on a daily basis. Have a “Competent Person for lead abatem ent” as defined by OSHA 1926.62 on site during any operations which disturb lead. 1) Industrial waste. Dispose of industrial wastes (non-hazardous wastes) such as paint buckets, paint-contaminated rags, rollers, clogged spray hoses and brushes. Store industrial waste in appropriate cont ainers, and appropriately labeled, prior to disposal. Industrial waste containers not covered or designed to prohibit entry of water, must be included in and comply with Ground Water and Surface water Protection requirements conforming to 614.03.06.
2.Hazardous Waste. Hazardous materials shall be stored separate from paint debris. All non-reusable solvents used in cleaning shall be considered hazardous waste. Store solvent wastes in separate c ontainers (i.e. not with the paint debris).
a.The Department will provide a site on its property for the Contractor to erect a temporary storage facility. St ore surface preparation debris and hazardous wastes at that site, in a secured six-foot high chain-link fence enclosure. The enclosure shall be built in accordance with Standard Drawing No. RFC-001 (current edition) of the Kentucky Department of Highways Standard Drawings Book, with the exception that concrete is not required for installation of posts. The fence of the storage area must be firmly attached to metal posts and have a locked gate. The gate shall be secured to the fence post by a chain and a lock. Each side of the enclosure shall have appropriate placards forbidding unauthorized entrance and announcing that the area is a storage site for lead and hazardous wastes. Cover the ground where the containers will be stored with a waterproof tarpaulin. The contractor shall maintain the tarpaulin to avoid tears or punctures. Drums shall be set on skids that are placed on the tarpaulin. There shall be an adequate aisle space between the rows of stored drums so that the drums and labels can be inspected at any time. Areas around roll off containers shall be covered with tarpaulins. Tarpaulins shall be cleaned daily to remove collected lead bearing debris. The storage area shall be maintained / operated to prevent releases. The storage area shall have a spill clean-up kit. The kit shall include, but not be limited to shovel, broom, dustpan and absorbent material for solvents. There shall be access to 614-14 communications or alarms whenever authorized personnel are in the storage compound. The designated temporary storage facility shall be constructed and accepted by the Engineer prior to the onset of operations at the job site. The temporary storage facility shall be maintained during the active cleaning and painting of the bridge and return the site to its original state when the work is completed.
3.Responsibility. The Contractor shall be solely responsible for the management and the disposal of all hazardous waste generated during the cleaning and painting operations in accordance with the Kentucky Revised Statutes, Chapter 224, Subchapter 46, and the Kentucky Administrative Regulations promulgated pursuant thereto. The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet will file a Notification of Hazardous Waste Activity with the Kentucky Division of Waste Management to obtain an EPA Identification Number in accordance with 401 KAR 32:010, Section 3. The Cabinet will provide the Contractor with this EPA ID number to be used in hazardous waste management in compliance with 401 KAR 32:010, Section 3 (1). The Contractor shall be responsible for furnishing appropriate U.S. DOT containers that are made or lined with materials which are compatible with the hazardous waste to be stored in accordance with 401 KAR 35:180, Section 3. All hazardous wastes collected at the job site shall be placed in those containers for transport to the storage site. The containers shall be used and managed at the job site and at the storage site in accordance with 401 KAR 35:180. Prior to the transfer of the containers of hazardous waste from the job site to the storage area, the containers shall be correctly sealed, labeled, marked and placarded as defined in the pre-transport requirements of 401 KAR 32:030. Each container shall be labeled “Hazardous Waste” and the date clearly marked when the hazardous waste is first added to the container in compliance with 401KAR 35:180, Section 4(3). That date marked is the start date of the seventy-five (75) day storage period The generator for the waste under this contract is the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. All records including the labels on the waste containers and the manifests shall be completed using the Transportation Cabinet as the generator. The Department requires that all hazardous waste shall be removed within seventy-five (75) days of the accumulation start date. The Contractor shall select a registered hazardous waste trans porter to transport the containers of hazardous waste generated during the painting operations to a permitted hazardous waste treatment, storage or disposal facility. The hazardous waste must be manifested with a Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest that is to be completed, in entirety, as per the regulations of 401 KAR 32:020 and 401 KAR 32:100. Copies of all manifests with the Land Disposal Restriction Notice must be provided to the Project Manager and the Central Office, Division of Construction. Final partial payment of 15% for the project will not be released until the Department receives all copies of the manifests. Failure to remove the hazardous waste within Seventy-Five (75) days shall result in a performance penalty of Two Thousand Dollars ($2,000.00) per drum per day or Eight Thousand Dollars ($8,000.00) per cubic yard per day that the containers are left in storage. This penalty is in addition to any fines that may be assessed by regulatory agencies other than the Transportation Cabinet. 614-15
4.RECYCLABLE SURFACE PREPARATION RESIDUE MANAGEMENT. The surface preparation debris generated at structural steel bridges shall be transported and recycled as a commercial substitute material in a recycling effort. All waste/debris collection, handling, storage, transportation, and disposal shall be the responsibility of the contractor. A “Competent Person for lead abatement” as defined by OSHA
1926.62 shall be on site during any operations which disturb lead. The
“competent person” shall have successfully completed the SSPC C3 “Supervisor/Competent Person Training for De-leading of Industrial Structures” or equivalent training. All surface preparation debris shall be collected separate from waste materials and placed in appropriate containers on a daily basis. Surface preparation debris shall be separated from all wastes. While on- site, the surface preparation debris shall be managed as lead containing material. Precautions shall be taken to protect employees and the public from exposure to lead. Handling and storage of surface preparation debris shall be accomplished to prevent releases to the environment. The Department will provide a site on its property for the Contractor to erect a temporary storage facility. Store surface preparation debris and hazardous wastes at that site, in a secured six-foot high chain-link fence enclosure. The enclosure shall be built in accordance with Standard Drawing No. RFC-001 (current edition) of the Kentucky Department of Highways Standard Drawings Book, with the exception that concrete is not required for installation of posts. The fence of the storage area shall be firmly attached to metal posts and have a locked gate. The gate shall be secured to the fence post by a chain and a lock. Each side of the enclosure shall have appropriate placards forbidding unauthorized entrance and announcing that the area is a storage site for lead and hazardous wastes. The ground where the containers will be stored shall be covered with a waterproof tarpaulin. The contractor shall maintain the tarpaulin to avoid tears or punctures. Drums shall be set on skids that are placed on the tarpaulin. There shall be an adequate aisle space between the rows of stored drums so that the drums and labels can be inspected at any time. Areas around roll off containers shall be covered with tarpaulins. Tarpaulins shall be cleaned daily to remove collected lead bearing debris. The storage area shall be maintained / operated to prevent releases. The storage area shall have a spill clean-up kit. The kit shall include, but not be limited to shovel, broom, dustpan and absorbent material for solvents. There shall be access to communications or alarms whenever authorized personnel are in the storage compound. The designated temporary storage facility shall be constructed and accepted by the Engineer prior to the onset of operations at the job site. The temporary storage facility shall be maintained during the active cleaning and painting of the bridge and return the site to its original state when the work is completed. 614-16 The Contractor shall be solely responsible for the management and the disposal of all surface preparation debris and hazardous waste generated during the cleaning and painting operations. Hazardous wastes shall be managed in accordance with the Kentucky Revised Statutes, Chapter 224, Subchapter 46, and the Kentucky Administrative Regulations. The Contractor shall be responsible for furnishing appropriate U.S. DOT-specified containers that are made or lined with materials that are compatible with the surface preparation debris per 49CFR173.213 (non-bulk containers) or 49CFR173.240 (bulk containe rs). All surface preparation debris collected at the job site shall be placed in those containers for transport to the storage site. Prior to the transfer of th e containers of surface preparation debris from the job site to the storage area, the containers shall be correctly sealed, labeled, marked and placarded as defined in the pre-transport requirements of 49CFR172.301 (non-bulk containers) or 49CFR172.302 (bulk containers). The Contractor shall check with the recycler and the transporter to insure that containers acceptable to both parties are employed. The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of the surface preparation debris placed in disposal containers. Under NO circumstances shall the debris become wet or be co-mingled with miscellaneous wastes.
5.Transportation and recycling. All surface preparation debris shall be transported for recycling within 90 days of initial container filling operations. The contractor shall contact the recycler to arrange for the delivery of the surface preparation debris. Current approved recycler information can be found on the Transportation Cabinet website at https://transportation.ky.gov/Construction/ Pages/default.aspx. The contractor will complete the Supplier Profile Form and provide copies of it to both the approved lead recycler and the Engin eer prior to transporting the surface preparation debris. The contractor shall select a registered hazardous material (HAZMAT) transporter for transportation of the su rface preparation debris. The contractor shall provide the necessary waste storage/transportation containers. The contractor shall arrange for the pick-up of the containers and delivery to the recycler. The contractor shall be responsible for the condition of the surface preparation debris provided to the recycler . Surface preparation debris that is wet debris or that is co- mingled with other waste will be rejected by the recycler. If that occurs, the contractor must dispose of the debris as a hazardous waste. The contractor must promptly inform the Engineer in that event so that KYTC can obtain the proper permitting from the Kentucky Environmental and Public Protection Cabinet. Additionally, the contractor shall be responsible for all transportation costs, hazardous waste disp osal costs and fines that are incurred. The contractor shall supply the Engineer with all weight tickets for the commercial substitute material transported and delivered to the recycler and all Certificates of Recycling issued by the recycler for material deliveries related to this project. Final partial payment of 15% for the project shall not be released until the Engineer has received these documents. 614-17
614.03.10 Quality Control.
A.General. The contractor will provide QC inspectors to monito r all work, insure that all w ork is completed in accordance with the Special Notes and Standard Specif ications, and record inspection results. All QC inspect ors will possess at a minimum one of the following certifications: SSPC-BCI level 1 or NACE CIP level 1. The QC inspector(s) may not perform production work that requires QC/QA inspection. The Departme nt’s (QA) inspect or will conduct in-progress reviews of the Contractor’s operations and perform follow-up quality assurance (QA) inspections afte r the QC inspect or has certified that a portion of work is complete.
B.Progress of Work - Work shall proceed by sections, bays or other readily identifiable parts of the structure. All work will proceed from t op to botto m of the structure. The work will be broken down into adj acent section s (control areas) separated by bulkheads. Bulkheads will be sealed to the contain ment and meet all SSPC Guide 6 – Containm ent Classificatio n Class 2W/2A requirements. Only one phase of wo rk will be per mitted in a given control area at any tim e. In any control area, Quality Control Point inspection and approval mu st precede the st art of succeeding phases of work. Quality Control Points are progress milestones that occur when one phase of work is comp lete and ready for inspection prior to continuing with the next operation al step. At those point s, the Contractor will provide the Departments QA inspect ors with OSHA co mpliant access to inspect all pertinent surface s. If QA inspecti on indicates a deficiency, that phase of the work shall be corrected and re-inspect ed prior to beginning the next phase of work. 614-18 For each structure three anchor profile measurements per blaster per shift will be taken for the first 5,000 ft2 of production. After 5,000 ft2 of surface preparation have been completed and accepted by the Engineer, one anchor profile measurement per 5,000 ft 2 area or portion of an area will be taken. The Engineer may request additional measurements at any time. The QC Inspector will inspect prepared surfaces to determine whether those conform to the specification conforming to 614.03.08 C and
614.03.09 C. Paint application will be inspected using KM64-258-05
(Procedure A), mechanical, and a visual inspection for any paint defects. The Engineer may request additional tests, including destructive DFT tests, at additional sites or he may elect to perform additional tests. Repair of the destructive testing is the contractor’s responsibility and is incidental. The QC inspector will maintain a handwritten record of all-painting activities, operations and inspections in the log book(s). At a minimum, the following information must be recorded:
1.All paint inventory and approval information,
2.Daily records of ambient conditions (including all measurements taken),
3.Daily progress of work information including start-up/shut-down times, bridge locations by control numbers, structural steel components by proper terminology and pertinent operations by control points, and
4.QC inspection information including evaluations at control points, rework comments, or approvals. Make entries on consecutive pages of the logbook (in indelible ink) and make corrections by marking through mistakes with a single line. Do not remove pages or erase or obliterate entries in the logbook. The QC inspector and QA inspector will jointly assign adjacent control areas consecutive numbers and a short description defining their location. After completion of a phase of work in a control area, the QC inspector will perform an inspection and will determine whether the area has been satisfactorily prepared. If work in a control area is unsatisfactory, the QC inspector will require the contractor to make the necessary corrections. That process will be repeated as necessary until suitable corrections have been made. Maintain all logbooks at the job site at all times during the project. Make those available, upon request, to the Department’s representatives. At the end of the project, submit all such logs to the Engineer for his review and records.
C.Test Patch - Prior to initiation of painting, prepare at least one test patch to serve as a standard for reference during the balance of the painting operations. Locate the test patch at an accessible area incorporating surface types of the project. Use the specified surface preparation on a surface with at least 20 ft 2 per application method per paint plus 20 ft2 for surface preparation. 614-19 When Central office personnel, the Engineer, QC inspector, and the QA inspector, agree that the appropriate level of cleanliness and surface preparation have been achieved, the contractor will apply a clear sealer, supplied by the paints manufacturer, to at least 20 ft 2 of the prepared surface. The contractor will then apply paint to the remainder (at least 20-ft
2.of the test patch. Set aside the te st patch area as a standard for proper application and appearance. Do not paint the reference areas until the balance of the project is completed. After the project is complete, re-blast the area of the test patch with clear sealer, and apply all specified paints. Apply all paints, including the clear sealer, in the presence of Central Office personnel, District Office personnel, the Engineer, the QA inspector, QC inspector, and a technical representative of the paint manufacturer. If QC and QA inspectors agree, clear coat preservation of the test patch may be replaced with pictorial records .
614.04 MEASUREMENT. The Department will measure the quantity as a lump sum
unit. The Department will not measure necessary cleaning and painting; and furnishing all materials, equipment, tools, tackles, and scaffolding for separate payment but will consider them incidental to this item of work. The Department will consider having the manufacturer’s technical representative present incidental to this item of work.
614.05 PAYMENT. The Department will pay for this work at the lump sum Contract
price for Clean and Paint Structural Steel, or a designated section of a structure. The Department will base partial payments on Department estimates per section as the work progresses. When the structure is not divided into sections, the Department will consider the entire structure as one section for pay purposes. For purposes of partial payments, the Department will allocate percentages of the lump sum Contract price to the various phases of the work as set out below depending on the number of paint coats specified. The Department will make payment for the completed and accepted quantity under the following: Code Pay Item Pay Unit 08434 Clean and Paint Structural Steel Lump Sum(1)
1.Two-Coat System. When the specified number of paint coats consists of a prime coat and finish coat, the Department will allocate 25 percent to the satisfactory surface preparation, 30 percent to the acceptable application of the prime coat of paint, 30 percent to the acceptable application of the finish coat of paint, and remaining 15 percent for derigging, touch up of derigging marks and damage, and environmental documentation submittals (bills of lading, certificate of recycle or manifest etc.
2.Three-Coat System. When the specified number of paint coats consists of a prime coat, an intermediate coat, and a finish coat, the Department will allocate 25 percent to the satisfactory surface preparation, 20 percent to the acceptable application of the prime coat, 20 percent to the acceptable application of the intermediate coat, 20 percent to the acceptable application of the finish coat and remaining 15 percent for derigging, touch up of derigging marks and damage, and environmental documentation submittals (bills of lading, certificate of recycle or manifest etc.). The Department will consider payment as full compensation for all work required under this section. 614-20 SECTION 615 PRECAST THREE SIDED STRUCTURES
615.01 DESCRIPTION. This work shall consist of constructing precast concrete three
sided units for culverts, storm sewers, tunnels, arch bridges, etc. in accordance with these specifications and in reasonably close conformity with the lines, grades, design and dimensions shown on the plans or as established by the Engineer. In situations where two or more specifications apply to this work, the most stringent requirements shall govern.
615.02 TYPES. Precast reinforced concrete units manufactured in accordance with this
specification shall be designated by span and rise. Precast reinforced concrete endwalls manufactured in accordance with this specification shall be designated by length and height.
615.03 MATERIALS – CONCRETE. The concrete for the structures shall be air-
entrained when installed in areas subject to freeze-thaw conditions, composed of Portland cement, fine and coarse aggregates, admixtures and water. Air-entrained concrete shall contain 6 ± 2 percent air. The air entraining admixture shall conform to AASHT0 M154.
615.03.01 Portland Cement. Shall conform to the requirements of ASTM
Specifications C150-Type I, Type II, or Type III cement.
615.03.02 Coarse Aggregate. Shall consist of stone having a maximum size of
1 inch. Aggregate shall meet requirements for ASTM C33.
615.03.03 Water Reducing Admixture. The manufacturer may submit for
approval by the Engineer, a water-reducing admixture for the purpose of increasing workability and reducing the water requirement for the concrete.
615.03.04 Calcium Chloride. The addition to the mix of calcium chloride or
admixtures containing calcium chloride will not be permitted.
615.04 MATERIALS – STEEL REINFORCEMENT AND HARDWARE. All
reinforcing steel for the structures shall be fabricated and placed in accordance with the detailed shop drawings submitted by the manufacturer.
615.04.01 Steel Reinforcement. Reinforcement shall consist of welded wire
fabric conforming to ASTM Specification A 185 or A 497, or deformed billet steel bars conforming to ASTM Specification A 615, Grade 60. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement may consist of welded wire fabric or deformed billet-steel bars.
615.04.02 Hardware. Inserts for endwall connections shall be AISI Type 304
stainless steel, F-58 Expanded Coil inserts. Co il rods and nuts used in endwall connections shall be AISI Type 304 stainless steel. Washer s used in endwall connections shall be AISI Type 304 stainless steel plate washers. Or Equals Reinforcing bar splices shall be made using the Dowel Bar Splicer System, and shall consist of the Dowel Bar Splicer (DB-SAE) and Dowell-In(DI) or equal system. Hook Bolts used in endwall connections shall be ASTM A 307.
615.05 Manufacture.
615.05.01 Mixture. The aggregates, cement and water shall be proportioned and
mixed in a batch mixer to produce a homogeneous concrete meeting the strength requirements of this specification. The proportion of Portland cement in the mixture shall not be less than 564 pounds (6 sacks) per cubic yard of concrete. 615-1
615.05.02 Curing. The precast concrete units shall be cured for a sufficient length
of time so that the concrete will develop the specified compressive strength in 28 days or less. Any one of the following methods of curing or combinations thereof shall be used:
A.Steam Curing. The units may be low pressure, steam cured by a system that will maintain a moist atmosphere.
B.Water Curing. The units may be water cured by any method that will keep the sections moist.
C.Membrane Curing. A sealing membrane conforming to the requirements of ASTM Specification C 309 may be applied and shall be left intact until the required concrete compressive strength is attained. The concrete temperature at the time of application shall be within ± 10 degrees F of the atmospheric temperature. All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the compounds and shall be damp when the compound is applied.
615.05.03 Forms. The forms used in manufacturing shall be manufactured steel
forms and accurate to maintain the structure dimensions within the permissible variations given in Section 7 of these specifications. All casting surfaces shall be of a smooth material.
615.05.04 Handling. Handling devices or holes shall be permitted in each unit for
the purpose of handling and setting.
615.05.05 Storage. The precast elements shall be stored in such a manner to
prevent cracking or damage. The units shall not be moved until the concrete compressive strength has reached a minimum of 2500 psi, and they shall not be stored in an upright position until the concrete compressive strength is a minimum of 4,000 psi.
615.05.06 Weep holes. Place weep holes consisting of 4-inch pipe or formed to 4
inches in diameter in each precast unit. Fabr ic wrapped perforated pipe drains may be used in retaining walls in place of weep holes. Place the outlet invert elevation of weep holes in box culverts 4 inches above the flowline of the structure. Raise weep holes to accommodate significant silting when the Engineer direct s. Make adequate provisions for thorough drainage of backfill and embankment according to Subsection 603.03.
615.06 Design.
615.06.01 Obtain the precast concrete 3-sided structure and endwalls from a pre-
approved manufacturer list maintained by the Division of Highway Design. The precast element dimension and reinforcement details shall be as prescribed in the plan and the shop drawings provided by the manufacturer, subject to the provisions of Section 7, below. The minimum concrete compressive strength shall be as shown on the shop drawings. The minimum steel yield strength shall be 60,000 psi, unless otherwise noted on the shop drawings. The manufacturer shall submit a pdf copy of the Working Drawings, Shop Drawings, and Structural Design Calculations to the Department for review and approval prior to manufacturing the precast 3-Sided units or endwalls.
615.06.02 The precast elements shall be designed in accordance with KYHL-93.
A minimum of one foot of cover is required. “Cover” is defined as the area from the top of structure to the top of finished roadway, along the entire length of structure over the driving lanes and shoulder. (Unless noted otherwise on the shop drawings, designed accordingly, and approved by this Department). The ends of units shall be normal to walls and centerline except exposed edges shall be beveled ¾ inch.
615.06.03 Placement of Reinforcemen t in Precast 3-Sided Units. The cover of
concrete over the outside circumferential reinforcement shall be 2 inches minimum. The 615-2 cover of concrete over the inside circumferential reinforcement shall be 1 1/2 inches minimum, unless otherwise noted on the shop drawings. The clear distance of the end circumferential wires shall not be less than one inch nor more than two inches from the ends of each section. Reinforcement shall be assembled utilizing single or multiple layers of welded wire fabric (not to exceed 3 layers), supplemented with a single layer of deformed billet-steel bars, when necessary. Welded wire fabric shall be composed of circumferential and longitudinal wires meeting the spacing requirements of 615.06.06, below, and shall contain sufficient longitudinal wires extending through the vault unit to maintain the shape and position of the reinforcement. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement may be welded wire fabric or deformed billet-steel bars and shall meet the spacing requirements of
615.06 06, below. The ends of the longitudinal distribution reinforcement shall be not more
than 3 inches and not less than 1 1/2 inches from the ends of the unit.
615.06.04 Placement of Reinforcement for Precast Endwalls. The cover of
concrete over the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement shall be 2 inches minimum. The clear distance from the end of each precast element to the end transverse reinforcing steel shall not be less than one inch nor more than two inches. Reinforcement shall be assembled utilizing a single layer of welded wire fabric, or a single layer of deformed billet-steel bars. Welded wire fabric shall be composed of transverse and longitudinal wires meeting the spacing requirements of 615.06.07, below, and shall contain sufficient longitudinal wires extending through the element to maintain the shape and position of the reinforcement. Longitudinal reinforcement may be welded wire fabric or deformed billet-steel bars and shall meet the spacing requirements of 615.06. 07, below. The ends of the longitudinal reinforcement shall be not more than 3 inches and not less than 1 1/2 inches from the ends of the walls.
615.06.05 Bending of Reinforcement for Precast 3-Sided Units. The outside
and inside circumferential reinforcing steel for the corners of the structure shall be bent to such an angle that is approximately equal to the configuration of the structures outside corner.
615.06.06 Laps, Welds, and Spacing for Precast 3-Sided Units. Tension splices
in the circumferential reinforcement shall be made by lapping. Laps may not be tack welded together for assembly purposes. For smooth welded wire fabric, the overlap shall meet the requirements of AASHTO 2012 Bridge Design Guide Section 5.11.2.5.2 and AASHTO 2012 Bridge Design Guide Section 5.11.6.3. For deformed welded wire fabric, the overlap shall meet the requirements of AASHTO 2012 Bridge Design Guide Section 5.11.2.5.1 and AASHTO 2012 Bridge Design Guide Section 5.11.6. 2. The overlap of welded wire fabric shall be measured between the outer most longitudinal wires of each fabric sheet. For deformed billet-steel bars, the overlap shall meet the requirements of AASHTO 2012 Bridge Design Guide Section 5.11.2.1. For splices other than tension splices, the overlap shall be a minimum of 12" for welded wire fabric or deformed billet-steel bars. The spacing center to center of the circumferential wires in a wire fabric sheet shall be no less than 2 inches and no more than 4 inches. The spacing center to center of the longitudinal wires shall not be more than 8 inches. The spacing center to center of the longitudinal distribution steel for either line of reinforcing in the top slab shall be not more than 16 inches.
615.06.07 Laps, Welds, and Spacing for Precast Endwalls. Splices in the
reinforcement shall be made by lapping. Laps may not be tack welded together for assembly purposes. For smooth welded wire fabric, the overlap shall meet the requirements of AASHTO 2012 Bridge Design Guide Section 5. 11.2.5.2 and AASHTO 2012 Bridge Design Guide Section 5.11.6.3. For deformed welded wire fabric, the overlap shall meet the requirements of AASHTO 2012 Bridge Design Guide Section 5.11.2.5.1 and AASHTO 2012 Bridge Design Guide Section 5.11.6.2. For deformed billet-steel bars, the overlap shall meet the requirements of AASHTO 2012 Bridge Design Guide Section 5.11.2.1. The 615-3 spacing center-to-center of the wire fabric sheet shall not be less than 2 inches or more than 8 inches.
615.07 Permissible Variations.
615.07.01 Precast 3-Sided Units.
A.Internal Dimensions. The internal dimension shall vary not more than 1% from the design dimensions nor more than 1-1/2 inches whichever is less. The haunch dimensions shall vary not more than 3/4 inch from the design dimension.
B.Slab and Wall Thickness. The slab and wall thickness shall not be less than that shown in the design by more than 1/4 inch. A thickness more than that required in the design shall not be cause for rejection.
C.Length of Opposite Surfaces. Variations in laying lengths of two opposite surfaces of the vault unit shall not be more than 1/2 inch in any section, except where beveled ends for laying of curves are specified by the purchaser.
D.Length of Section. The underrun in length of a section shall not be more than 1/2 inch in any vault unit.
E.Position of Reinforcement. The maximum variation in position of the reinforcement shall be ± 1/2 inch. In no case shall the cover over the reinforcement be less than 1 1/2 inches for the outside circumferential steel or be less than 1 inch for the inside circumferential steel as measured to the external or internal surface of the vault. These tolerances or cover requirements do not apply to mating surfaces of the joints.
F.Area of Reinforcement. The areas of steel reinforcement shall be the design steel areas as shown in the manufacturer's shop drawings. Steel areas greater than those required shall not be cause for rejection. The permissible variation in diameter of any reinforcement shall conform to the tolerances prescribed in the ASTM Specification for that type of reinforcement.
615.07.02 Endwalls.
A.Wall Thickness. The wall thickness shall not vary from that shown in the design by more than 1/2 inch.
B.Length/ Height of Wall sections. The length and height of the wall shall not vary from that shown in the design by more than 1/2 inch.
C.Position of Reinforcement. The maximum variation in the position of the reinforcement shall be ± 1/2 inch. In no case shall the cover over the reinforcement be less than 1 1/2 inches.
D.Size of Reinforcement. The permissible variation in diameter of any reinforcing shall conform to the tolerances prescribed in the ASTM Specification for that type of reinforcing. Steel area greater than that required shall not be cause for rejection.
615.08 Testing and Inspection.
615-4
615.08.01 Type of Test Specimen. Start-up slump, air content, unit weight, and
temperature tests will be performed each day on the first batch of concrete. Acceptable start-up results are required for production of th e first unit. After the first unit has been established, random acceptance testing is performed daily for each 50 yd3 (or fraction thereof). In addition to the slump, air content, unit weight, and temperature tests, a minimum of one set of cylinders shall be required each time plastic property testing is performed.
615.08.02 Compression Testing. Cylinders shall be made and tested as
prescribed by the ASTM C 39 Specification.
615.08.03 Acceptability of Cylinder Tests. When the average compressive
strength of all cylinders tested is equal to or greater than the design compressive strength, and not more than 10% of the cylinders tested have a compressive strength less than the design concrete strength, and no cylinder tested has a compressive strength less than 80% of the design compressive strength, then the lot shall be accepted. When the compressive strength of the cylinders tested does not conform to this acceptance criteria, the acceptability of the lot may be determined as described in section 8.4, below.
615.09 JOINTS. Precast 3-sided units shall be produced with flat butt ends. The ends
of the units shall be such that when the sections are laid together they will make a continuous line with a smooth interior free of appreciable irregularities, all compatible with the permissible variations in Section 7, above. The joint width shall not exceed 3/4 inches. Flat- top units with less than 2 ft. of cover shall be produced with a minimum 4” deep by 1.5” wide key way joint. Mortar in accordan ce with section 15.2 sh all be placed in the keyway. When the installed height of cover measures 2.0-feet or less, the precast 3- sided end units shall be connected by tie plates to the adjacent interior unit.
615.10 WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH. The precast units and endwalls shall be
substantially free of fractures. The ends of the units shall be normal to the walls and centerline of the section, within the limits of the variations given in section 7, above, except where beveled ends are specified. The faces of the endwalls and units shall be parallel to each other, within the limits of variations given in section 7, above. The surface of the precast elements shall be a smooth steel form or troweled surface. Provide an ordinary surface finish.
615.11 REPAIRS. Precast elements may be repaired, if necessary, because of imperfections
in manufacture or handling damage and will be acceptable if, in the opinion of the purchaser, the repairs are sound, properly finished and cured, and the repaired section conforms to the requirements of this specification.
615.12 INSPECTION. The quality of materials, the process of manufacture, and the
finished structures shall be subject to Department guidelines, specifications, manuals, and other contract documents. Units will arrive at jobsite with the "Kentucky Oval" stamped on the unit which is an indication of acceptable inspection at the production facility. Units shall be inspected upon arrival for any evidence of damage resulting from transport to the jobsite.
615.13 REJECTION. The precast elements shall be subject to rejection on account of any
of the specification requirements. Individual precast elements may be rejected because of any failure to meet specification and contract document requirements.
615.14 MARKING. Each unit shall be clearly marked by waterproof paint. The following
shall be shown on the inside of the vertical leg of the section: Unit Span, Unit Rise, Date of Manufacture, and Name or trademark of the manufacturer. Units must also be stenciled as outlined in Standard Drawing BGX-006, current revision. 615-5
615.15 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS. Perform structure excavation in
accordance with Section 603 except as noted in this Section.
615.15.01 Site Preparation. Perform Structure Excavation according to Section
603. The foundation design must be in accordance with the appropriate Geotechnical Notes in the project bid documents. Construct foundations in accordance with the foundation design as determined by the Engineer.
615.15.02 Footings. The precast 3-Sided units and endwalls shall be installed
on either precast or cast-in-place concrete footings. The design size and elevation of the footings shall be as determined by the Engineer based on KYHL-93, the applicable Geotechnical Notes in the project bid documents such as bearing capacity requirements, specified scour countermeasures, and minimum differential settlement tolerance. In cases where a minimum differential settlement tolerance is not specified in the bid contract documents, the minimum differential settlement tolerance for the precast 3-sided structure shall be 1-inch. A minimum three inch deep keyway shall be formed in the top surface of the precast 3-sided unit footing at least three in ches clear of the inside and outside faces of the bridge units, unless specified otherwise on the plans. The completed footing surface shall be constructed in accordance with grades shown on the plans. When tested with a 10 foot straight edge, the keyway surface shall not vary more than 1/4 inch in 10 feet. If a precast concrete footing is used, the contractor shall prepare a 4 inch thick base layer of compacted granular material the full width of the footing prior to placing the precast footing. The foundations for precast concrete 3-sided units and endwalls must be connected by reinforcement to form one monolithic body. Expa nsion joints shall not be used in lieu of a continuous foundation. Compressive cylinders must reach 2,000psi before precast units shall be set on the foundation. Compressive cylinder strength must reach 80% design strength before backfill operations shall begin.
615.15.03 Placement of the Units and Endwalls. The manufacturer shall provide
a Technical Representative. The Technical Representative shall be available onsite while the contractor is setting the precast 3-sided st ructure and thereafter as determined necessary by the Engineer. The units and endwalls shall be placed as sh own on the Engineer's plan drawings. Special care shall be taken in setting the elements to the true line and grade. The units and endwalls shall be set on 6" x 6" masonite or steel shims. A minimum gap of 1/2 inch shall be provided between the footing and the bottom of the unit's vertical legs or the endwall. The gap shall be filled with non-shrink cement grout (Portland cement and water or cement mortar composed of Portland cement, sand and water). If units have been set with temporary ties (cables, bars, etc.) all pieces in the current phase must be completely grouted before ties may be removed.
615.15.04 External Protection of Joints. The butt-joint made by two adjoining
units shall be covered with a 7/8" x 1 3/8" preformed bituminous joint sealant and a minimum of a 9 inch wide joint wrap. The surface shall be free of dirt before applying the joint material. A primer compatible with the joint wrap to be used shall be applied for a minimum width of nine inches on each side of the joint. The external wrap material shall meet AASHTO M198. The joint shall be covered continuously from the bottom of one unit section leg, across the top of the and to the opposite unit section leg. Any laps that result in the joint wrap shall be a minimum of six inches long with the overlap running downhill. In addition to the joints between unit units, the joint between the end unit and the endwall shall also be sealed as described above. Also, if lift holes or lift inserts are formed in the units, they shall be plugged and grouted. During the backfilling operation, care shall be taken to keep the joint wrap in its proper location over the joint. 615-6 Internal Protection of Joints – In applications where the traveling public will be expected to cross under the structure (roadways, mixed use paths, sidewalks, etc.), or where specified in the contract documents, provide additional joint protection to ensure that the structure is water-tight. Various joint sealing details including elastomeric, urethane, or liquid sealing may be shown on the plans. Any internal joint sealing shall be performed as indicated on the shop drawings.
615.15.05 Backfill. Critical Backfill shall be clean, durable stone backfill that
conform to the Structural Granular backfill re quirements Section 805. Critical Backfill shall be paid as Structural Granular Backfill. The limi ts of Critical Backfill shall be 2 feet to the outside of each structure and from the top of the footing to 2 feet over the top of the structure for spans up to 24 feet. For spans greater than 24 feet, the limits of Critical Backfill shall be 4 feet to the outside of each structure and from the top of the footing to 2 feet over the top of the structure. Backfill shall be considered as all other replaced excavation and new embankment adjacent to the precast units and endwalls. The project construction and material specifications which include the specifications for excavation for structures and roadway excavation and embankment construction, shall apply except as modified in this section. Any backfill requirements of the ma nufacturer that are beyond the limits of the Department-specified critical backfill requirements shall be binding upon the Contractor but will not be measured for payment as they shall be considered incidental to the critical backfill quantity. No backfill shall be placed against any structural elements until they have been approved by the Engineer. Backfill against external joint material or waterproofed surface shall be placed carefully to avoid damage to the waterproofing material. Mechanical tampers or approved compacting equipment shall be used to compact all backfill and embankment immediately adjacent to each side and over the top of each precast 3-sided unit until it is covered to a minimum depth of one foot, unless the design fill height is less than 1'-0". The backfill within the Cr itical Backfill Zone, as defined above, shall be placed in lifts of six inches or less (loose depth). Heavy compaction equipment shall not be operated in this area or over the bridge until it is covered to a depth of one foot, unless the design fill height is less than 1'-0". Lightweight dozers and graders may be operated over precast units having one foot of compacted cover, but heavy earth moving equipment (larger than a D-4 Dozer weighing in excess of 12 tons and having track pressures of eight psi or greater) shall require two feet of cover unless the design cover is less than two feet. In no case shall equipment operating in excess of the design live load (KYHL-93) be permitted over the precast 3-sided units unless approved by the producer. Any additional fill and subsequent excavation required to provide this minimum cover shall be made at no additional cost to the project. As a precaution against introducing unbalanced stresses on the precast 3-sided units, when placing backfill at no time shall the difference between the heights of fill on opposite sides of the vault exceed 24". Once fill heights reach two feet over the top of structure, backfill as specified in Kentucky Standard Specifications Division 200.
615.16 QUALITY ASSURANCE. The Precast Supplier shall conform to the
requirements for precast structures in Section 605 and the KYTC Division of Materials Precast & Prestress Concrete Manual. The Precast Supplier shall be listed on the KYTC Division of Materials list of Approved Precast Concrete Producers.
615.17 PAYMENT. The Department will make payment for the completed and accepted
quantities under the following: C o d e P a y I t e m P a y U n i t 21804EN 3-Sided Culvert Linear Foot Linear Foot 02231 Structure Granular Backfill Cubic Yard 08100 Concrete-Class A Cubic Yard 615-7 08150 Steel Reinforcement Pound 08003 Foundation Preparation See Section 603 08002 Structure Excavation Solid Rock See Section 603 08001 Structure Excavation Common See Section 603 02203 Structure Excavation Unclassified See Section 603 02200 Roadway Excavation See Subsection 204.05 02230 Embankment in Place See Subsection 206.05 The Department will consider payment as full compensation for all work required under this section. 615-8
Division 700
DRAINAGE, TRAFFIC, AND ROADSIDE CONSTRUCTION SECTION 701 CULVERT PIPE, ENTRANCE PIPE, STORM SEWER PIPE, AND EQUIVALENTS
701.01 DESCRIPTION. Furnish and install culvert pipe, entrance pipe, and storm sewer
pipe. Use units conforming to the dimensions, fabrication, material, and strength requirements for the type (culvert, entrance, or storm sewer), diameter, cover height, and pH level the Contract specifies. This work may include removing pipe, and relaying pipe.
701.02 Materials.
701.02.01 Pipe. Use reinforced concrete pipe, corrugated metal pipe, polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) pipe, high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe, or corrugated polypropylene (PP) pipe conforming to Section 810.
701.02.02 Structural Plate Pipe. Conform to Section 809 for the following:
1.Corrugated Aluminum Alloy Circular Pipe with Longitudinal Seam with Aluminum or Steel Bolts.
2.Corrugated Aluminum Alloy Circular Pipe Arch with Longitudinal Seams with Aluminum or Steel Bolts.
3.Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch with Longitudinal Seams with Steel Bolts.
4.Corrugated Steel Pipe with Longitudinal Seams with Steel Bolts.
701.02.03 Joint Materials .
A.Mortar Joints. Conform to Section 801 for cement and Section 804 for mortar sand.
B.Asphalt Mastic Joint Sealing Compound. Conform to Subsection 807.03.04.
C.Rubber Gaskets. Conform to Subsection 807.03.04.
D.Butyl Rubber Sealants. Conform to Subsection 807.03.04.
E.Elastomeric Seals. Conform to ASTM F477.
F.Couplings for Thermoplastic Pipe. Conform to Section 810.
G.Cleated and Non-Cleated, Integral Welded Bell Coupler with Gaskets. Conform to Section 810.
H.Coupling Bands. Conform to Section 810.04.04
701.02.04 Bedding Materials. Use No. 8 aggregate, No. 9-M aggregate, or a fine
aggregate conforming to Subsection 804.08 for bedding material. Do not use a DGA or gravel base material for bedding material.
701.02.05 Backfill Materials.
A.Granular Backfill.
1.For Reinforced Concrete Pipe. Use size No. 2, 23, 3, 357, 4, 467, 5, 57, 67, 68, 78, 8, or 9M aggregate or materi al conforming to AASHTO M 145 Al or A3 material with a maximum plasticity index of 10 (see table below). Limit rock fragments to a 3-inch maximum size.
2.For Corrugated Metal Pipe. Use size No. 2, 23, 3, 357, 4, 467, 5, 57, 67, 68, 78, 8, or 9M aggregate or material conforming to AASHTO M 145 Al or A3 material with a maximum plasticity index of 10 (see table below). Limit rock fragments to a size that does not exceed the corrugation width.
3.For Thermoplastic Pipe. Use size No. 5, 57, 67, 68, 78, 8, or 9M aggregate or material conforming to AASHTO M 145 Al or A3 material (see table below). 701-1
Source: Kentucky Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2019 Edition. Pages 398–426 of 718.