SECTION 804 FINE AGGREGATES
804.01 GENERAL. Fine aggregates include, but at the discretion of the Engineer are not
limited to, natural sand, crushed sand, conglom erate sand, mortar sand, mineral filler, and lightweight aggregates where permitted. The Department’s List of Approved Materials includes the Aggregate Source List and the list of Class A and Class B Polish-Resista nt Aggregate Sources, the Concrete Aggregate Restriction List and the Lightweight Aggregate Source List.
804.01.01 Natural Sand. Provide fine granular material resulting from the natural
disintegration of rock.
804.01.02 Crushed Sand. Provide fine granular material resulting from crushing of
stone or gravel.
804.01.03 Conglomerate Sand. Provide natural materials primarily processed to the
desired sizes, without crushing. Conglomerate sand may include some material which has been produced by crushing larger pieces of the parent material.
804.01.04 Mortar Sand. Provide natural, crushed, or conglomerate sand suitable for
use in cement mortar.
804.01.05 Mineral Filler. Provide limestone dust, cement, fly ash, or other inert
mineral matter.
804.01.06 Slag. Provide blast furnace slag sand where permitted. The Department will
allow steel slag sand only in asphalt surface applications.
804.02 APPROVAL. Provide fine aggregates from sources included on the Aggregate
Source List meeting the description and requirements specified in this section. The Department will consider a source for inclusion on the Aggregate Source List when the aggregate producer complies with KM 64-608 and provides the following:
1.A Quality Control Plan.
2.A satisfactory laboratory facility with all necessary testing equipment.
3.A Qualified Aggregate Technician to perform the required testing. When a supplier wishes to supply sand only for asphalt mixtures, Items 1, 2 and 3 above will be waived. The Department may add the source to the Aggregate Source List and restrict its use to asphalt mixtures. Obtain the Department’s approval before furnishing aggregate from sources not on the Aggregate Source List. The Department will sample the aggregate during stockpiling and test according to the Department’s Manual of Field Testing and Sampling Practices. The Department will reject aggregate when excessive variation of gradation or physical properties cause unworkable mixtures, mixtur e control problems, or non-conformance to the finished product or mixture requirements. The Department will reject contaminated aggregate when the Engineer deems it could be detrimental to the finished product.
804.03 CONCRETE. Provide natural, crushed, or conglomerate sand. The Engineer
may allow other sands. Use natural or conglomerate sands as fine aggregates in concrete intended as a wearing surface for traffic. 804-1 All concrete fines conform to the following:
1.Sand Equivalent - 80 (minimum).
2.Soundness - 10% loss (maximum).
3.Friable Particles - 3.0% (maximum).
4.Coal plus Lignite - 0.5% (maximum).
5.Uncompacted Voids
1.– 47.0% (maximum).
6.Organic Impurities - Not darker than the standard.
7.Mortar Strength(2) - 95% at 7 calendar days (minimum).
8.Gradation(1): Sieve Size Percent Passing 3/8 inch 100 No. 4 90-100 No. 16 45-85 No. 50 5-25 No. 100 0-8
1.The Department will permit fine aggregates exceeding when they are used in a combination that meets requirements.
2.The Department will require testing for mortar strength only for sand not passing the test for organic impurities and will supersede the requirement for organic impurities. The Department will waive the requirements for gradation, sand equivalent, and uncompacted voids for concrete pipe.
804.04 ASPHALT MIXTURES. Provide natural, crushed, conglomerate, or blast
furnace slag sand, with the addition of filler as necessary, to meet gradation requirements. The Department will allow any combination of natural, crushed, conglomerate or blast furnace slag sand when the combination is achieved using cold feeds at the plant. The Engineer may allow other fine aggregates.
804.04.01 Sand for Mixtures.
1.Gradation - 100 percent passing the 3/8 inch sieve with more than 50 percent passing the No. 4 sieve.
2.Coal Plus Lignite - 5.0 percent maximum.
3.Soundness - 15 percent maximum.
804.04.02 Mineral Filler. Ensure 100 percent passes the No. 16 sieve and at least 30
percent passes the No. 200 sieve.
804.04.03 Polish-Resistant Aggregate. Provide fine aggregates required for polish-
resistant applications from a Class A or B Polish-Resistant Aggregate Source as required. In addition to these listed sources, the Department will consider natural sand, conglomerate sand, and crushed gravel sand meeting the requ irements of Section 804 to be Class A polish- resistant. Provide a signed certification from the aggregate producer for the manufactured polish- resistant fine aggregate stating that the aggregate is supplied from the approved parent material as found on the Department’s List of Approved Materials, Polish-Resistant Aggregate Source List and Guidelines on the Division of Materials' webpage.
804.04.04 Requirements for Combined Aggregates.
A.Uncompacted Voids. Provide aggregates for Superpave mixtures meeting the 804-2 minimum voids content as listed in the Superpave Fine Aggregate Consensus Property Requirements table.
B.Sand Equivalent. Provide aggregate having a sand equivalent value of 45 or greater for the portion of the total combined aggregates passing the No. 4 sieve. Provide aggregates for Superpave mixtures meeting the minimum sand equivalent limits as listed in the Superpave Fine Aggregate Consensus Property Requirements table. The sand equivalent limits specified in this section apply to aggregates in the final mixture. The Department will normally take samples from stockpiled aggregates or aggregate cold feeds, incl uding mineral filler, for acceptance testing. When these tests do not meet the required values, make trial runs through the plant to provide material for sampling which is intended for the final mixture. The Department may waive the sand equivalent requirement provided the portion of the combined aggregate passing the No. 40 sieve is non-plastic according to AASHTO T 90. SUPERPAVE FINE AGGREGATE CONSENSUS PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate (Percent) ,(1) Sand Equivalent AADTT Design AADTT Minimum (Percent), Class (Depth From Surface) Minimum 100 mm 100 mm 2 <600 40.0 40.0 45 3 600 to 2999 45.0 40.0 45 4 >3000 45.0 45.0 50
1.Performed according to AASHTO T 304, Method A.
C.Friable Particles. Limit friable particles, excluding sandstone, to a maximum of 1.0 percent of the total combined aggregates.
D.Absorption. Provide total combined fine aggregates having a water absorption of no more than 4.0 percent.
804.04.05 Microsurface . Provide 100% total combined aggregate conforming to the
requirements of ASTM D 6372 with sampling and testing according to 804.11.
A.Sand Equivalent – 65 (minimum)
B.Soundness – 15% loss (maximum)
C.Wear (Procedure D) – 35% loss (maximum)
D.Wet Sieve, conform to the following gradations: Type II Type III Sieve Size % Passing % Passing Stockpile Tolerance 3/8 inch 100 100 No. 4 90-100 70-90 ± 5% No. 8 65-90 45-70 ± 5% No. 16 45-70 28-50 ± 5% No. 30 30-50 19-34 ± 5% No. 50 18-30 12-25 ± 4% No. 100 10-21 7-18 ± 3% No. 200 5-15 5-15 ± 2% 804-3
804.04.06 Cold Patch Asphalt Mixtures.
1.Provide 100% crushed aggregate.
2.Soundness – 12% loss (maximum).
804.05 MORTAR SAND. Provide natural sand, crushed sand, or conglomerate sand
conforming to Subsection 804.03 with the exception of Uncompacted Voids and Gradation. Conform to the following gradation: Sieve Size Percent Passing No. 8 100 No. 50 10-40 No. 100 0-10
804.06 EPOXY SEAL COATS. Provide either natural or conglomerate sand having an
insoluble content of 90 percent or greater. Conform to the following gradation: Sieve Size Percent Passing No. 16 100 No. 50 10-40 No. 100 0-5
804.07 EPOXY SAND SLURRY. Provide silica sand containing no less than 90 percent
insolubles. Ensure the sand is rounded to subangular, clean, dry and non-friable. Conform to the following gradation: Sieve Size Percent Passing No. 8 100 No. 50 0-40 No. 100 0-5 The Department may allow material not meeting this gradation if it produces a workable mixture and an acceptable slurry seal.
804.08 PIPE BEDDING. Provide natural, crushed, or conglomerate sand having a sand
equivalent of 20 or greater. The Department may waive the sand equivalent requirement when the portion passing the No. 40 sieve is non-plastic according to AASHTO T 90. Conform to the following gradation: Sieve Size Percent Passing 3/8 inch 100 No. 100 0-15
804.09 Underdrains, Embankment Drainage Blanket, and
NATURAL SAND FOR DRAINAGE AND BACKFILL. Provide natural sand having a sand equivalent of 70 or greater. Conform to the following gradation: Sieve Size Percent Passing 3/8 inch 100 No. 4 75-100 No. 100 0-8 804-4
804.10 GRADATION ACCEPTANCE OF NON-SPECIFICATION FINE AGGREGATE. When reasonably acceptable work has been produced using the aggregate
in question, the Department may accept the work according to Subsection 105.04. When the Engineer determines that the aggregate not conforming to gradation requirements may be left in place, the Department will accept th e aggregate at a reduction in the Contract unit bid price for the work containing the aggregate according to the following procedures. The Department will not consider these procedures a means to continue accepting non-specification aggregates. The Department will base the reduction on the invoice price for the aggregate at the source. When satisfactory invoices are not furnished, the Department will use current bin prices for that source on file with the Cabinet’s Division of Purchases. The maximum deduction for non-specification material, which is allowed to remain in place, is 50 percent. When aggregate fails to conform to gradation on more than one sieve, the Department will apply the largest payment reduction of th e out-of-specification sieves represented. The Department will define a lot based on the smallest definable quantity of material represented by acceptance test results, either pa ssing results or failing results, or both. Normally, the Department will average all test results for the lot to determine the test result for payment according to the deduction tables. However, when test results are not reasonably uniform the Department will not average the high and low test results within a lot. The Department will assign each test result to equal quantities in new smaller lots in proportion to the number of tests representing the original lot. When daily tests are performed, the lot will be a day’s production unless the Department defines a smaller lot. When 2 consecutive lots contain non-specification material, discontinue the use of the aggregate until the Department makes a decision concerning the overall acceptability of the aggregate from that source. The Department will not impose a reduction in payment for quantities less than 50 tons unless the Engineer deems it necessary. GRADATION - CONCRETE SAND Payment Sieve Size-Percent Passing Reduction 3/8 inch No. 4 No. 16 No. 50 No. 100 0% 100 90-100 45-85 5-25 0-8 10% 43-44 3-4 10% 98-99 88-89 86-87 26-27 9 20% 42 2 20% 97 87 88 28 10 30% 41 1 30% 96 86 89 29 11 50% 40 0 50% 95 85 90 30 12 804-5 GRADATION - MINERAL FILLER Payment Sieve Size-Percent Passing Reduction No. 16 No. 200 0% 100 30 minimum 10% 98-99 29 20% 97 28 30% 96 27 50% 95 26 GRADATION - MORTAR SAND Payment Sieve Size-Percent Passing Reduction No. 8 No. 50 No. 100 0% 100 10-40 0-10 10% 8-9 10% 98-99 41-42 11 20% 7 20% 97 43 12 30% 6 30% 96 44 13 50% 5 50% 95 45 14 GRADATION - SAND FOR EPOXY SEAL COAT Payment Sieve Size-Percent Passing Reduction No. 16 No. 50 No. 100 0% 100 10-40 0-5 10% 8-9 10% 98-99 41-42 6 20% 7 20% 97 43 7 30% 6 30% 96 44 8 50% 5 50% 95 45 9 804-6
804.11 SAMPLING AND TESTING. The Department will sample and test according
to the following methods when applicable: Absorption (Fine Aggregate) KM 64-605 Chemical Analysis KM 64-224 Coal and Lignite KM 64-615 Dry Sieve Analysis AASHTO T 27 Friable Particles AASHTO T 112 Insoluble Content (Fine Aggregate) ASTM D 3042 LA Abrasion (grading D) AASHTO T 96 Mortar Strength AASHTO T 71 Organic Impurities AASHTO T 21 Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index AASHTO T 90 Sampling KM 64-601 Sand Equivalent AASHTO T 176 Sieve Analysis of Mineral Filler AASHTO T 37 Sodium Sulfate Soundness KM 64-610 Uncompacted Voids (Method A) AASHTO T 304 Wet Sieve Analysis KM 64-620 or AASHTO T 11 (Procedure B)/AASHTOT 27 GRADATION - PIPE BEDDING Payment Sieve Size-Percent Passing Reduction 3/8 inch No. 100 0% 100 0-15 10% 98-99 16 20% 97 17 30% 96 18 50% 95 19 GRADATION - UNDERDRAINS, EMBA NKMENT DRAINAGE BLANKET, AND NATURAL SAND FOR DRAINAGE AND BACKFILL Payment Sieve Size-Percent Passing Reduction 3/8 inch No. 4 No. 100 0% 100 75-100 0-8 10% 98-99 73-74 9 20% 97 72 10 30% 96 71 11 50% 95 70 12 804-7 SECTION 805 COARSE AGGREGATES
805.01 GENERAL. Coarse aggregates include, but at the discretion of the Engineer are
not limited to, crushed stone and crushed or uncrushed gravel. Includes lightweight aggregates or slag where permitted. The Department’s List of Approved Materials includes the Aggregate Source List, the list of Class A and Class B Polish-Resistant Aggregate Sources, the Concrete Aggregate Restriction List and the Lightweight Aggregate Source List.
805.02 APPROVAL. Provide coarse aggregates from sources included on the Aggregate
Source List meeting the description and requirements specified in this section. The Department will consider a source for inclusion on the Aggregate Source List when the aggregate producer complies with KM 64-608 and provides the following:
1.A Quality Control Plan.
2.A satisfactory laboratory facility with all necessary testing equipment.
3.A Qualified Aggregate Technician to perform the required testing. Obtain the Department’s approval before furnishing aggregate from sources not on the Aggregate Source List. The Department will sample the aggregate during stockpiling and test according to the Department’s Manual of Field Testing and Sampling Practices. The Department will reject aggregate when excessive variation of gradation or physical properties causes unworkable mixtures, mixtur e control problems, or non-conformance to the finished product or mixture requirements. Coarse aggregates are subject to preliminary source approval.
805.03 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. Provide coarse aggregates that are free of
objectionable amounts of clay lumps, dirt coatings, and foreign material. The Department will reject contaminated aggregate when the Engineer deems it could be detrimental to the finished product. 805-1
Source: Kentucky Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2019 Edition. Pages 535–541 of 718.