Fine Aggregates Art. 1003.01
1002.03 Water Intake. Water from shallow, muddy, or marshy surfaces shall
not be used. The intake of the pipeline shall be enclosed to exclude silt, mud, grass, and other solid materials; and there shall be a minimum depth of 2 ft (600 mm) of water below the intake at all times. SECTION 1003. FINE AGGREGATES
1003.01 Materials. Fine aggregate materials shall be according to the
following.
a.Description. The natural and manufactured materials used as fine aggregate are defined as follows.
1.Sand. Sand shall be the fine granular material resulting from the natural disintegration of rock. Sand produced from deposits simultaneously with, and by the same operations as, gravel coarse aggregate may contain crushed particles in the quantity resulting normally from the crushing and screening of oversize particles.
2.Silica Sand. Silica sand shall be composed of not less than 99.5 percent silica (Si02).
3.Stone Sand. Stone sand shall be produced by washing, or processing by air separation, the fine material resulting from crushing rock quarried from undisturbed, consolidated deposits, or crushing gravel. The acceptance and use of crushed gravel stone sand shall be according to the Bureau of Materials Policy Memorandum, “Crushed Gravel Producer Self-Testing Program”.
4.Chats. Chats shall be the tailings resulting from the separation of metals from rocks in which they occur.
5.Wet Bottom Boiler Slag. Wet bottom boiler slag shall be the hard, angular by-product of the combustion of coal in wet bottom boilers.
6.Slag Sand. Slag sand shall be the graded product resulting from the screening of air-cooled blast furnace slag. Air-cooled blast furnace slag shall be the nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of silicates and alumino-silicates of lime and other bases, which is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace. The acceptance and use of air-cooled blast furnace slag sand shall be according to the Bureau of Materials Policy Memorandum, “Crushed Slag Producer Certification and Self-Testing Program”.
7.Granulated Slag Sand. Granulated slag sand shall be the graded product resulting from the screening of granulated slag. Granulated slag shall be the nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of silicates and alumino-silicates of lime and other bases, which is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace. Granulated Art. 1003.01 Fine Aggregates slag sand is formed by introducing a large volume of water under high pressure into the molten slag.
8.Steel Slag Sand. Steel slag sand shall be the graded product resulting from the screening of crushed steel slag. Crushed steel slag shall be the nonmetallic product which is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with steel in an open hearth, basic oxygen, or electric arc furnace. The acceptance and use of steel slag sand shall be according to the Bureau of Materials Policy Memorandum, “Slag Producer Self-Testing Program”.
9.Crushed Concrete Sand. Crushed concrete sand shall be the angular fragments resulting from crushing portland cement concrete by mechanical means. The acceptance and use of crushed concrete sand shall be according to the Bureau of Materials Policy Memorandum, “Recycling Portland Cement Concrete Into Aggregate”.
10.Construction and Demolition Debris Sand. Construction and demolition debris sand shall be the angular fragments resulting from mechanical crushing/screening of unpainted exterior brick, mortar, and/or concrete with small amounts of other materials. Construction and demolition debris sand shall be according to the Bureau of Materials Policy Memorandum, “Construction and Demolition Debris Sand as a Fine Aggregate for Trench Backfill”.
b.Quality. The fine aggregate shall meet the quality standards listed in the following table. Except for the minus No. 200 (75 µm) sieve material, all fine aggregate shall meet specified quality requirements before being proportioned for mix or combined to adjust gradation. The blended materials shall meet the minus No. 200 (75 µm) sieve requirements. FINE AGGREGATE QUALITY QUALITY TEST CLASS A B C Na2SO4 Soundness 5 Cycle, Illinois Modified AASHTO T 104, % Loss max. 10 15 20 Minus No. 200 (75 µm) Sieve Material, Illinois Modified AASHTO T 11, % max. 4/ 3 6 1/ 10 1/ Organic Impurities Check, Illinois Modified AASHTO T 21 Yes 2/ --- --- Deleterious Materials: 3/ 5/ Shale, % max. 3.0 3.0 --- Clay Lumps, % max. 1.0 3.0 --- Coal, Lignite, & Shells, % max. 1.0 3.0 --- Conglomerate, % max. 3.0 3.0 --- Other Deleterious, % max. 3.0 3.0 --- Total Deleterious, % max. 3.0 5.0 --- 1/ Does not apply to Gradations FA 20 or FA 21. Fine Aggregates Art. 1003.01 2/ Applies only to sand. Sand exceeding the colorimetric test standard of 11 (Illinois Modified AASHTO T 21) will be checked for mortar making properties according to Illinois Modified ASTM C 87, and shall develop a compressive strength at the age of 14 days when using Type I or II Cement of not less than 95 percent of the comparable standard. 3/ Applies only to sand. 4/ Fine aggregate used for hot-mix asphalt (HMA) shall not contain more than three percent clay (2 micron or smaller) particles as determined by Illinois Modified AASHTO T 88. 5/ Tests shall be run according to ITP 204.
c.Gradation. All aggregates shall be produced according to the Bureau of Materials Policy Memorandum, “Aggregate Gradation Control System”. The gradations prescribed may be manufactured by any suitable commercial process and by the use of any sizes or shapes of plant screen openings necessary to produce the sizes within the limits of the sieve analysis specified. The gradation of the material from any one source shall be reasonably uniform and shall not be subject to the extreme percentages of gradation represented by the tolerance limits of the various sieve sizes. The gradation numbers and corresponding gradation limits are listed in the following tables. FINE AGGREGATE GRADATIONS Grad No. Sieve Size and Percent Passing 3/8 No. No. 8 4/ No. No. No. 30 5/ No. No. No. No. No. 200 1/ FA 1 100 973 6520 1613 55 FA 2 100 973 6520 2010 55 FA 3 100 973 8015 5020 2515 33 FA 4 7/ 100 55 FA 5 100 928 2020 1515 FA 6 928 2/ 2020 66 FA 7 100 973 7515 3510 33 FA 8 100 6020 33 2 2 FA 9 100 3015 55 FA 10 100 9010 6030 77 FA 20 100 973 80 20 5015 1911 107 44 FA 21 3/ 100 973 80 20 5718 3010 2010 99 FA 22 100 6/ 6/ 88 22 FA 23 100 80±10 57±13 39±11 26±8 18±7 12±6 10±5 FA 24 100 95±5 77±13 57±13 35±10 19±6 15±6 10±5 Art. 1003.01 Fine Aggregates FINE AGGREGATE GRADATIONS (Metric) Grad No. Sieve Size and Percent Passing 9.5 mm 4.75 mm 2.36 mm 4/ 2.00 mm 1.18 mm µm 5/ µm µm µm µm µm 1/ FA 1 100 973 6520 1613 55 FA 2 100 973 6520 2010 55 FA 3 100 973 8015 5020 2515 33 FA 4 7/ 100 55 FA 5 100 928 2020 1515 FA 6 928 2/ 2020 66 FA 7 100 973 7515 3510 33 FA 8 100 6020 33 2 2 FA 9 100 3015 55 FA 10 100 9010 6030 77 FA 20 100 973 80 20 5015 1911 107 4 4 FA 21 3/ 100 973 80 20 5718 3010 2010 99 FA 22 100 6/ 6/ 88 22 FA 23 100 80±10 57±13 39±11 26±8 18±7 12±6 10±5 FA 24 100 95±5 77±13 57±13 35±10 19±6 15±6 10±5 1/ Subject to maximum percent allowed in Fine Aggregate Quality Table. 2/ 100 percent shall pass the 1 in. (25 mm) sieve, except that for bedding material 100 percent shall pass the 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) sieve. If 100 percent passes the 1/2 in. (12.5 mm) sieve, the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve may be 75 ± 25. 3/ For all HMA mixtures. When used, either singly or in combination with other sands, the amount of material passing the No. 200 (75 µm) sieve (washed basis) in the total sand fraction for mix design shall not exceed ten percent. 4/ For each gradation used in HMA, the aggregate producer shall set the midpoint percent passing, and the Department will apply a range of ±15 percent. The midpoint shall not be changed without Department approval. 5/ For each gradation used in HMA, the aggregate producer shall set the midpoint percent passing, and the Department will apply a range of ±13 percent. The midpoint shall not be changed without Department approval. 6/ For fine aggregate gradation FA 22, the aggregate producer shall set the midpoint percent passing, and the Department will apply a range of ±10 percent. The midpoint shall not be changed without Department approval. 7/ When used as backfill for pipe underdrains, Type 3, the fine aggregate shall meet one of the modified FA 4 gradations shown in the following table. Fine Aggregates Art. 1003.02 FA 4 Modified Sieve Size Percent Passing Option 1 Option 2 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) 100 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 97 ± 3 No. 8 (2.36 mm) 5 ± 5 No. 10 (2 mm) 10 ± 10 No. 16 (1.18 mm) 5 ± 5 2 ± 2 No. 200 (75 μm) 1 ± 1 1 ± 1
d.Incompatibility. Incompatibility of any of the gradations or combinations of gradations permitted resulting in unworkable mixtures, nonadherence to the final mix gradation limits, or any other indication of incompatibility shall be just cause for rejection of one or both of the sizes.
e.Storage of Fine Aggregate. Sites for storage of all fine aggregates shall be grubbed and cleaned prior to storing the material. Stockpiles shall be built according to the Bureau of Materials Policy Memorandum, “Aggregate Gradation Control System (AGCS)” and the following.
1.Fine aggregate of various gradations and from different sources shall be stockpiled separately.
2.Stockpiles shall be separated to prevent intermingling at the base. If partitions are used, they shall be of sufficient heights to prevent intermingling.
3.Fine aggregates for portland cement concrete and HMA shall be handled in and out of the stockpiles in such a manner that will prevent contamination, segregation, and degradation. At the time of use, the fine aggregate shall be free from frozen material, material used to caulk rail cars, and all foreign materials which may have become mixed during transportation and handling.
f.Shipping Tickets. Shipping tickets for the material shall be according to the Bureau of Materials Policy Memorandum, “Designation of Aggregate Information on Shipping Tickets”.
1003.02 Fine Aggregate for Portland Cement Concrete and Mortar. The
aggregate shall be according to Article 1003.01 and the following.
a.Description. The fine aggregate shall consist of washed sand, washed stone sand, or a blend of washed sand and washed stone sand approved by the Engineer. Stone sand produced through an air separation system approved by the Engineer may be used in place of washed stone sand. Art. 1003.02 Fine Aggregates
b.Quality. The fine aggregate for portland cement concrete shall meet Class A Quality, except the minus No. 200 (75 µm) sieve Illinois Modified AASHTO T 11 requirement in the Fine Aggregate Quality Table shall not apply to washed stone sand or any blend of washed stone sand and washed sand approved by the Engineer. The fine aggregate for masonry mortar shall meet Class A Quality.
c.Gradation. The washed sand for portland cement concrete shall be Gradation FA 1 or FA 2. Washed stone sand for portland cement concrete, which includes any blend with washed sand, shall be Gradation FA 1, FA 2, or FA 20. Fine aggregate for masonry mortar shall be Gradation FA 9.
d.Use of Fine Aggregates. The blending, alternate use, and/or substitution of fine aggregates from different sources for use in portland cement concrete will not be permitted without the approval of the Engineer. Any blending shall be by interlocked mechanical feeders at the aggregate source or concrete plant. The blending shall be uniform, and the equipment shall be approved by the Engineer.
e.Alkali Reaction.
1.ASTM C 1260. Each fine aggregate will be tested by the Department for alkali reaction according to ASTM C 1260. The test will be performed with Type I or II portland cement having a total equivalent alkali content (Na 2O + 0.658K 2O) of 0.90 percent or greater. The Engineer will determine the assigned expansion value for each aggregate, and these values will be made available on the Department’s Alkali-Silica Potential Reactivity Rating List. The Engineer may differentiate aggregate based on ledge, production method, gradation number, or other factors. An expansion value of 0.03 percent will be assigned to limestone or dolomite fine aggregates (manufactured stone sand). However, the Department reserves the right to perform the ASTM C 1260 test.
2.ASTM C 1293 by Department. In some instances, such as chert natural sand or other fine aggregates, testing according to ASTM C 1260 may not provide accurate test results. In this case, the Department may only test according to ASTM C 1293.
3.ASTM C 1293 by Contractor. If an individual aggregate has an ASTM C 1260 expansion value that is unacceptable to the Contractor, an ASTM C 1293 test may be performed by the Contractor to evaluate the Department’s ASTM C 1260 test result. The laboratory performing the ASTM C 1293 test shall be approved by the Department according to the Bureau of Materials Policy Memorandum “Minimum Laboratory Requirements for Alkali-Silica Reactivity (ASR) Testing”. The ASTM C 1293 test shall be performed with Type I or II portland cement having a total equivalent alkali content (Na 2O + 0.658K 2O) of 0.80 percent or greater. The interior vertical wall of the ASTM C 1293 recommended container (pail) shall be half covered with a wick of absorbent material consisting of blotting paper. If the testing laboratory Fine Aggregates Art. 1003.03 desires to use an alternate container, wick of absorbent material, or amount of coverage inside the container with blotting paper, ASTM C 1293 test results with an alkali-reactive aggregate of known expansion characteristics shall be provided to the Engineer for review and approval. If the expansion is less than 0.040 percent after one year, the aggregate will be assigned an ASTM C 1260 expansion value of 0.08 percent that will be valid for two years, unless the Engineer determines the aggregate has changed significantly. If the aggregate is manufactured into multiple gradation numbers, and the other gradation numbers have the same or lower ASTM C 1260 value, the ASTM C 1293 test result may apply to multiple gradation numbers. The Engineer reserves the right to verify a Contractor’s ASTM C 1293 test result. When the Contractor performs the test, a split sample shall be provided to the Engineer. The Engineer may also independently obtain a sample at any time. The aggregate will be considered reactive if the Contractor or Engineer obtains an expansion value of 0.040 percent or greater.
1003.03 Fine Aggregate for Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA). The aggregate shall be
according to Article 1003.01 and the following.
a.Description. Fine aggregate for HMA shall consist of sand, stone sand, chats, slag sand, or steel slag sand. For gradation FA 22, uncrushed material will not be permitted. Fine aggregate for SMA shall consist of stone sand, slag sand, or steel slag sand.
b.Quality. The fine aggregate for all HMA shall be Class B Quality or better.
c.Gradation. The fine aggregate gradation for all HMA shall be FA 1, FA 2, FA 20, FA 21, or FA 22. The fine aggregate gradation for SMA shall be FA/FM 20 or FA/FM 22. For mixture IL-4.75 and surface mixtures with an Ndesign = 90, at least 50 percent of the required fine aggregate fraction shall consist of either stone sand, slag sand, or steel slag meeting the FA 20 gradation. For mixture IL-9.5FG, at least 67 percent of the required fine aggregate fraction shall consist of either stone sand, slag sand, steel slag sand, or combinations thereof meeting FA 20 gradation. For mixture IL-19.0, Ndesign = 90 the fine aggregate fraction shall consist of at least 67 percent manufactured sand meeting FA 20 or FA 22 gradation. For mixture IL-19.0, Ndesign = 50 or 70 the fine aggregate fraction shall consist of at least 50 percent manufactured sand meeting FA 20 or FA 22 gradation. The manufactured sand shall be stone sand, slag sand, steel slag sand, or combinations thereof. Gradation FA 1, FA 2, or FA 3 shall be used when required for prime coat aggregate application for HMA. Art. 1003.04 Fine Aggregates
1003.04 Fine Aggregate for Bedding, Backfill, Trench Backfill,
Embankment, Porous Granular Backfill, and French Drains. The aggregate shall be according to Article 1003.01 and the following.
a.Description. The fine aggregate shall consist of sand, stone sand, chats, wet bottom boiler slag, slag sand, or granulated slag sand. Crushed concrete sand, construction and demolition debris sand, and steel slag sand produced from an electric arc furnace may be used in lieu of the above for trench backfill.
b.Quality. The fine aggregate shall be reasonably free from an excess of soft and unsound particles and other objectionable matter.
c.Gradation. The fine aggregate gradations shall be as follows. Application Gradation Granular Embankment, Granular Backfill, Trench Backfill, and Bedding and Backfill for Pipe Culverts and Storm Sewers FA 1, FA 2, or FA 6 through FA 21 Porous Granular Embankment, Porous Granular Backfill, French Drains, and Bedding and Backfill for Pipe Underdrains, Type 1 FA 1, FA 2, or FA 20, except the percent passing the No. 200 (75 μm) sieve shall be 2±2 Backfill for Pipe Underdrains, Type 3 FA 4 Modified (see Article 1003.01(c))
1003.05 Fine Aggregate for Membrane Waterproofing. The aggregate shall
be according to Article 1003.01 and the following.
a.Description. The fine aggregate shall consist of sand, stone sand, wet bottom boiler slag, slag sand, or chats.
b.Quality. The fine aggregate shall meet the Class B Quality Deleterious Count, and when subjected to Illinois Modified AASHTO T 104, the weighted average loss shall not be more than ten percent.
c.Gradation. The fine aggregate shall be Gradation FA 8.
1003.06 Fine Aggregate for Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM). The
aggregate shall be according to Article 1003.01 and the following.
a.Description. The fine aggregate shall consist of sand.
b.Quality. The fine aggregate shall be reasonably free from an excess of soft and unsound particles and other objectionable matter.
c.Gradation. The fine aggregate gradation shall be FA 1 or FA 2. Blending of fine aggregate will not be permitted. Fine Aggregates Art. 1003.07
1003.07 Fine Aggregate for Select Fill Used for Retaining Wall
Applications Utilizing Soil Reinforcement. The aggregate shall be according to
Article 1003 — 01 and the following.
a.Description. The fine aggregate shall consist of sand or stone sand.
b.Quality. The fine aggregate shall have a maximum sodium sulfate (Na 2SO4) loss of 15 percent according to Illinois Modified AASHTO T 104.
c.Gradation. The fine aggregate shall be FA 1, FA 2, or FA 20.
d.Internal Friction Angle. The effective internal friction angle for the fine aggregate shall be a minimum 34 degrees according to AASHTO T 236 on samples compacted to 95 percent density according to Illinois Modified AASHTO T 99. The AASHTO T 296 test with pore pressure measurement may be used in lieu of AASHTO T 236. If the Contractor’s design uses a friction angle greater than 34 degrees this greater value shall be taken as the minimum required.
e.pH. The pH shall be determined according to Illinois Modified AASHTO T 289.
1.When geosynthetic soil reinforcement is used, the fine aggregate pH shall be 4.5 to 9.0 for permanent applications, and 3.0 to 10.0 for temporary applications.
2.When steel reinforcement is used, the fine aggregate pH shall be 5.0 to 10.0.
f.Corrosion Mitigation. The fine aggregates shall also meet the following when used in conjunction with steel soil reinforcement in non-temporary wall applications.
1.Resistivity. The resistivity according to Illinois Modified AASHTO T 288 shall be greater than 3000 ohm centimeters for galvanized reinforcement, and 1500 ohm centimeters for aluminized Type 2 reinforcement.
2.The chlorides shall be less than 100 parts per million according to Illinois Modified AASHTO T 291 or ASTM D 4327. For either test, the sample shall be prepared according to Illinois Modified AASHTO T 291.
3.The sulfates shall be less than 200 parts per million according to Illinois Modified AASHTO T 290 or ASTM D 4327. For either test, the sample shall be prepared according to Illinois Modified AASHTO T 290.
4.The organic content shall be a maximum of 1.0 percent according to Illinois Modified AASHTO T 267.
g.Test Frequency. Prior to the start of construction, the Contractor shall provide internal friction angle and pH test results to demonstrate the select Art. 1003.08 Coarse Aggregates fill material meets the specification requirements. Resistivity, chlorides, sulfates, and organic content test results shall also be provided if steel reinforcement is used. The laboratory performing the Illinois Modified AASHTO T 288 test shall be approved by the Department according to the Bureau of Materials Policy Memorandum “Minimum Laboratory Requirements for Resistivity Testing”. These test results shall be no more than 12 months old. In addition, a sample of select fill material will be obtained by the Engineer for testing and approval before construction begins. Thereafter, the minimum frequency of subsequent sampling and testing at the jobsite will be one per 40,000 tons (36,300 metric tons) of select fill.
1003.08 Fine Aggregate for Micro-Surfacing and Slurry Sealing. The
aggregate shall be according to Article 1003.01 and the following.
a.Description. The fine aggregate shall consist of stone sand, wet bottom boiler slag, slag sand, granulated slag sand, steel slag sand, or crushed concrete sand.
b.Quality. The fine aggregate shall be Class B Quality.
c.Gradation. Rut filling mixes shall be FA 23. Surface mixes shall be FA 24.
d.Use of Fine Aggregates. The blending, alternate use, and/or substitutions of aggregates from different sources for use in this work will not be permitted without the approval of the Engineer. Any blending shall be by interlocked mechanical feeders. The blending shall be uniform, compatible with the other components of the mix, and the equipment shall be approved by the Engineer. If blending aggregates, the blend shall have a washed gradation preformed every other day or a minimum of three tests per week. Testing shall be completed before the aggregate receives final acceptance for use in the mix. Aggregates shall be screened at the stockpile prior to delivery to the paving machine to remove oversized material or contaminants. SECTION 1004. COARSE AGGREGATES
1004.01 Materials. Coarse aggregate materials shall be according to the
following.
a.Description. The natural and manufactured materials used as coarse aggregate are defined as follows.
1.Gravel. Gravel shall be the coarse granular material resulting from the reduction of rock by the action of the elements and having subangular to rounded surfaces. It may be partially crushed.
2.Chert Gravel. Chert gravel shall be the coarse granular material occurring in alluvial deposits resulting from reworking by weathering and Coarse Aggregates Art. 1004.01 erosion of chert bearing geological formations and containing a minimum of 80 percent chert or similar siliceous material.
3.Crushed Gravel. Crushed gravel shall be the product resulting from crushing, by mechanical means, and shall consist entirely of particles obtained by crushing gravel. The acceptance and use of crushed gravel shall be according to the Bureau of Materials Policy Memorandum, “Crushed Gravel Producer Self-Testing Program”.
4.Crushed Stone. Crushed stone shall be the angular fragments resulting from crushing undisturbed, consolidated deposits of rock by mechanical means. Crushed stone shall be divided into the following, when specified.
a.Carbonate Crushed Stone. Carbonate crushed stone shall be either dolomite or limestone. Dolomite shall contain 11.0 percent or more magnesium oxide (MgO). Limestone shall contain less than 11.0 percent magnesium oxide (MgO).
b.Crystalline Crushed Stone. Crystalline crushed stone shall be either metamorphic or igneous stone, including but is not limited to, quartzite, granite, rhyolite and diabase.
5.Wet Bottom Boiler Slag. Wet bottom boiler slag shall be the hard, angular by-product of the combustion of coal in wet bottom boilers.
6.Crushed Slag. Crushed slag shall be the graded product resulting from the processing of air-cooled blast furnace slag. Air-cooled blast furnace slag shall be the nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of silicates and alumino-silicates of lime and other bases, which is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace. It shall be air-cooled and shall have a compact weight (Illinois Modified AASHTO T 19) of not less than 70 lb/cu ft (1100 kg/cu m). The acceptance and use of air-cooled blast furnace slag shall be according to the Bureau of Materials Policy Memorandum, “Crushed Slag Producer Certification and Self-Testing Program”.
7.Crushed Sandstone. Crushed sandstone shall be the angular fragments resulting from crushing, by mechanical means, a cemented sand composed predominantly of quartz grains. Sandstone shall have an Insoluble Residue of 50.0 percent or higher.
8.Crushed Concrete. Crushed concrete shall be the angular fragments resulting from crushing portland cement concrete by mechanical means. The acceptance and use of crushed concrete shall be according to the Bureau of Materials Policy Memorandum, “Recycling Portland Cement Concrete Into Aggregate”.
9.Chats. Chats shall be the tailings resulting from the separation of metals from the rocks in which they occur.
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Source: Illinois Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 768–778 of 1,217. View official source ↗