Art. 1101.01 General Equipment
Division 1100 — Equipment
SECTION 1101. GENERAL EQUIPMENT All equipment utilized in the removal of roadway surfaces or waterproofing membranes shall meet, and shall be operated in compliance with a visual emission limitation of 30 percent opacity or Ringleman 1 for a period not longer than one minute and for not more than four minutes in the aggregate in any 60 minute period.
1101.01 Rollers. No roller shall be used that has in any way been thrown out
of its original balance by the application of attachments. All bearings shall be tight.
a.Pneumatic-Tired Rollers. The roller shall consist of not less than nine pneumatic tires revolving on two axles. The tires on the front and rear wheels shall be staggered so that they will cover the entire area over which the roller travels. Under working conditions, the roller shall develop a compression of not less than 300 lb/in. (53 N/mm) width of tire tread.
b.Heavy Pneumatic-Tired Rollers. The roller shall have a gross weight (mass) of not less than 25 tons (23 metric tons) and shall consist of not less than four pneumatic-tired wheels revolving in one transverse line. The width of the roller shall be not less than 8 ft (2.4 m), and it shall be constructed in two or more sections in such a manner that each section is free to oscillate or move independently. Under working conditions, the roller shall develop a compression of not less than 650 lb/in. (114 N/mm) width of tire tread.
c.Self-Propelled Pneumatic-Tired Roller. The roller shall be of the oscillating wheel type consisting of not less than seven pneumatic-tired wheels revolving on two axles, and capable of being ballasted to the weight (mass) required. The tires on the front and rear wheels shall be staggered so that the tire sidewalls will have a minimum overlap of 1/2 in. (13 mm). The roller shall provide for a smooth operation when starting, stopping or reversing direction. The tires shall withstand inflation pressures between 60 and 120 psi (415 and 825 kPa). The roller shall be equipped with an adequate scraping or cleaning device on each tire to prevent the accumulation of material on the tires. When used for the compaction of hot-mix asphalt (HMA), the roller shall be equipped with a water system which will keep all tires uniformly wet to prevent material pickup. The Contractor shall provide means for determining the weight (mass) of the roller as distributed on each wheel. Ballast shall be included in determining the weight (mass).
d.Tamping Rollers. The roller shall have a minimum weight (mass) of 90 lb/in. (16 N/mm) width of drum, and each individual tamper shall develop a compression of not less than 100 psi (690 kPa) of its tamping face area. The width of the tamping roller shall be not less than 8 ft (2.4 m), and it shall be constructed in two or more sections in such a manner that each section is General Equipment Art. 1101.01 free to oscillate or move independently. It shall be equipped with cleaning teeth at the rear.
e.Steel Wheel Rollers. The roller shall be self-propelled and provide a smooth operation when starting, stopping, or reversing directions. The steering mechanism shall provide for positive control of the roller. Roller wheels shall be smooth and free from openings or projections which will mar the surface on which the roller is operated. Motor rollers shall be equipped with drip pans to contain oil, grease, or gasoline drips generated by the roller operation. The roller shall be provided with adjustable scrapers which shall be used when necessary to keep the surface of the wheels clean. When used on a HMA surface, the roller shall be equipped with water tanks and sprinkling devices which shall be used to wet the wheels and prevent material pickup.
1.Tandem Rollers. The Contractor shall provide means for determining the weight (mass) of the roller as distributed on each axle. Ballast shall be included in determining the weight (mass). The rear wheel may be crowned at the rate of not more than 3/16 in. in 4 1/2 ft (5 mm in 1.4 m). The front wheel shall be divided into at least two sections and shall show no noticeable crown. The weight (mass) of the roller shall meet requirements of the specific item of work being constructed.
2.Three-Wheel Rollers. The rear wheels of three-wheel rollers may be crowned at the rate of not more than 1/16 in. in 20 in. (2 mm in 500 mm) and shall be propelled with a differential gear. The front wheel shall be divided into at least two sections, shall show no noticeable crown, and shall overlap the compression area of each rear wheel by not less than 1 1/2 in. (38 mm). The weight (mass) of the roller shall meet requirements of the specific item of work being constructed.
f.Trench Roller. The roller shall be self-propelled, and provide a smooth operation when starting, stopping or reversing directions. The width of the compaction roller shall be not less than 20 in. (500 mm). The diameter of the compaction roller shall be not less than 60 in. (1500 mm). The roller wheels shall be smooth and free from openings or projections which will mar the surface on which the roller is operated. Motor rollers shall be equipped with drip pans to contain oil, grease or gasoline generated by the roller operation. The roller shall be provided with adjustable scrapers which shall be used when necessary to keep the surface of the wheels clean. When used on a HMA surface, the roller shall be equipped with water tanks and sprinkling devices which shall be used to wet the wheels and prevent material pickup. The weight (mass) of the roller shall meet requirements of the specific item of work being constructed. The Contractor shall provide means for determining the weight (mass) of the roller as distributed on the compression wheel. Ballast shall be included in determining the weight (mass). Art. 1101.01 General Equipment The balance wheel of the roller shall be adjustable in height to provide the slope of the surface of the specific item of work being constructed.
g.Vibratory Roller. The vibratory roller shall be self-propelled and provide a smooth operation when starting, stopping or reversing directions. The vibrating drum(s) amplitude and frequency shall be approximately the same in each direction and meet the following minimum requirements: drum diameter 48 in. (1200 mm), length of drum 66 in. (1650 mm), vibrators 1600 vibrations per minute (VPM), unit static force on vibrating drum(s) 125 lb/in. (22 N/mm), and total applied force 325 lb/in. (57 N/mm). The total applied force for various combinations of VPM and eccentric positions shall be shown on decals on the vibrating roller or on a chart maintained with the roller. The vibratory roller shall be equipped with water tanks and sprinkling devices, or other approved methods, which shall be used to wet the wheels to prevent material pickup. A vibrating reed tachometer (hand type) shall be furnished with each vibratory roller. The vibrating reed tachometer shall have a range of 1000 to 4000 VPM. The vibrating reed tachometer shall have two rows of reeds, one ranging from 1000 to 2000 VPM and the other from 2000 to 4000 VPM.
h.Oscillatory Roller. The oscillatory roller shall be self-propelled and provide a smooth operation when starting, stopping, or reversing directions. The oscillatory roller shall be able to operate in a mode that will provide tangential impact force with or without vertical impact force by using at least one drum. The oscillatory roller shall be equipped with water tanks and misting devices, or other approved methods, which shall be used to wet the drums to prevent material pickup. The drum(s) amplitude and frequency of the tangential and vertical impact force shall be approximately the same in each direction and meet the following requirements.
1.The minimum diameter of the drum(s) shall be 42 in. (1,050 mm);
2.The minimum length of the drum(s) shall be 57 in. (1,425 mm);
3.The minimum unit static force on the drum(s) shall be 125 lb/in. (22 N/mm); and
4.The minimum vertical force applied in vibratory mode shall be 18,000 lb (80 kN).
1101.02 Disk Harrow. The disk harrow shall be the tandem or offset type.
1101.03 Mechanical Sweeper. The sweeper shall permit the revolutions of the
broom to be adjusted in relation to its progression and permit the adjustment of the broom in relation to the surface being cleaned. It shall be supplied with sufficient extra or repair parts to prevent delay. The broom bristles shall be stiff enough to sweep clean without cutting into the surface. A broom with steel bristles will not be permitted. General Equipment Art. 1101.08
1101.04 Pavement Surface Grinding Equipment. The grinding device shall
be a self-propelled machine with multiple diamond saw blades. The machine shall be designed for grinding pavement surfaces and shall have a minimum effective head width of 3 ft (0.9 m).
1101.05 Motor Grader. The motor grader shall be self-powered and equipped
with an adjustable moldboard. The cutting blade shall be straight and in good condition. There shall be a minimum of play in the blade operating mechanism.
1101.06 Rotary Speed Mixer. Rotary speed mixers shall be either the power
takeoff or the self-powered type, equipped with a hydraulic lift. Worn scarifying and mixing parts shall be replaced and extra parts shall be available for replacement.
1101.07 Traveling Mixing Plant. The traveling mixing plant shall be either the
type which will pulverize the material to be treated and mix the material and cement with the proper amount of water without picking the materials up from the roadway, or the pugmill type which elevates the material into a pugmill for mixing. The plant shall be equipped with a device which will accurately control and measure the quantity of water used. Worn scarifying and mixing parts shall be replaced and extra parts shall be available for replacements.
1101.08 Seeding Equipment. Seeding equipment shall be according to the
following.
a.Disk. The disk shall have sound unbroken blades, which have a minimum diameter of 15 in. (375 mm). The disk shall be weighted, if necessary, to obtain the required tillage depth of 3 in. (75 mm).
b.Slope Harrow. Slope harrows shall consist of a rolling weight (mass) attached by heavy chain to a tractor. The chain shall be of a suitable length, shall have picks welded to the links, and shall have a means of rotating the picks as the rolling weight (mass) is pulled in a direction parallel to the movement of the tractor.
c.Hydraulic Seeder. When hydraulic seeders are used, the inoculant and seed required shall be applied in a single operation. Hydraulic seeding equipment shall include a pump rated and operated at no less than 100 gal/min (375 L/min) and no less than 100 psi (690 kPa) pressure. The tank shall have a mechanical agitator powerful enough to keep the seed and fertilizer in a uniform suspension in the water.
d.Cultipacker. The roller or cultipacker shall have rollers at least 12 in. (300 mm) in diameter and shall be of sufficient weight (mass) to pulverize the clods of soil. A double gang style shall be used.
e.Broadcast Seeders. Broadcast seeders may be hand held, tractor drawn, or tractor mounted. The seed shall drop through an adjustable flow regulator onto a rotating, horizontal disk or fan.
f.Tractor Drawn or Tractor Mounted Drop Seeders. These seeders shall be pulled by mechanical means, have an adjustable gate opening providing Art. 1101.08 General Equipment uniform flow of width adapted to the work, and drop the seed directly into place on the prepared seedbed. The seeder may be of a type mounted on cultipacker rollers which covers the seed and rolls the seedbed in one operation.
g.Rangeland Type Grass Drill and Interseeding Attachment. These seeders shall be designed specifically for the seeding of native prairie grasses. When seeding over existing turf, the rangeland type grass drill shall be equipped with a no-till interseeding attachment that is capable of cutting a slit in the soil free of leaves and debris, placing the seed in the slit, and compacting the seed into the soil of the slit.
h.Slit Seeder. These seeders shall be self-propelled or tractor-drawn and shall be designed specifically for no-till interseeding of turf grass seed into existing turf. The slit seeder shall be capable of performing the operations specified above in Article 1101.08(g).
1101.09 Membrane Curing Equipment. Membrane curing equipment shall be
as follows.
a.Equipment for applying membrane curing shall meet the following requirements when the pavement width is 10 ft (3 m) or more. For lesser widths and for variable width pavement, the equipment shall meet the requirements of Article 1101.09(b). For the application of membrane curing compound, the mechanical equipment shall be self-propelled and shall be operated upon the pavement forms or, when a slip-form paver is used, upon the subgrade immediately adjacent to the edges of the pavement. The spraying equipment shall consist of a container having a capacity of not less than 25 gal (95 L) in which a constant pressure can be maintained by mechanical means, or a suitable pumping arrangement in order that a constant pressure at the spray nozzles will be maintained so that the membrane curing compound will be applied uniformly at the specified rate. The spray unit shall be rigidly attached and shall be equipped with mechanical devices providing constant agitation of the membrane curing compound and continuous circulation of the compound between the container and the spray nozzles. The spray nozzles shall be attached to a distributor pipe so the spray will be applied vertically from not more than 2 ft (600 mm) above the surface of the pavement, and their horizontal spacing shall be such that uniform coverage of the pavement surface will be obtained. The nozzles shall be designed so they will deliver a uniform fine spray and so that they can be easily cleaned. A suitable shield or apron shall be provided to effectively protect the spray from wind. Sufficient nozzles shall be on hand at all times so that any inefficient nozzle can be immediately replaced. Suitable means of cleaning and repairing nozzles shall also be on hand and shall be considered as being part of the spraying equipment.
b.The equipment used to apply membrane curing compound to variable widths of pavement and other concrete construction where permitted, may be equipped with a container having not less than 5 gal (20 L) in which a constant pressure shall be maintained by a mechanical means. General Equipment Art. 1101.10
c.The equipment used to apply membrane curing compound to pavement widening shall meet the requirements of paragraph (a), except the equipment as a whole shall be mounted on a vehicle traveling on the existing pavement.
1101.10 Pavement Surface Test Equipment. Required surface testing and
analysis equipment and their jobsite transportation shall be provided by the Contractor.
a.16 ft (5 m) Straightedge. The 16 ft (5 m) straightedge shall consist of a metal I-beam mounted between two wheels spaced 16 ft (5 m) between the axles. Scratcher bolts, which can be easily and accurately adjusted, shall be set at the 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 points between the axles. A handle suitable for pushing and guiding shall be attached to the straightedge.
b.Profile Testing Device. The profile testing device shall have a decal displayed to indicate it has been tested through the Profile Equipment Verification (PEV) Program administered by the Department.
1.California Profilograph. The California Profilograph shall be either computerized or manual and have a frame 25 ft (8 m) in length supported upon multiple wheels at either end. The profile shall be recorded from the vertical movement of a wheel attached to the frame at midpoint. The California Profilograph shall be calibrated according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and California Test 526. All calibration traces and calculations shall be submitted to the Engineer for the project file.
2.Inertial Profiler. The inertial profiler shall be either an independent device or a system that can be attached to another vehicle using one or two non-contact sensors to measure the pavement profile. The inertial profiler shall be capable of performing a simulation of the California Profilograph to provide results in the Profile Index format. The inertial profiler shall be calibrated according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. All calibration traces and calculations shall be submitted to the Engineer for the project file.
3.Trace Analysis. The Contractor shall reduce/evaluate these traces using a 0.00 in. (0.0 mm) blanking band and determine a Profile Index in in./mile (mm/km) for each section of finished pavement surface. Traces produced using a computerized profile testing device will be evaluated without further reduction. When using a manual profile testing device, the Contractor shall provide an electronic scanner, a computer, and software to reduce the trace. All analysis equipment (electronic scanner, computerized recorder, etc.) shall be able to accept 0.00 in. (0.0 mm) for the blanking band. All traces from pavement sections tested with the profile testing device shall be recorded on paper with scales of 300:1 longitudinally and 1:1 vertically. Art. 1101.11 General Equipment Equipment and software settings of the profile testing device and analysis equipment shall be set to those values approved through the PEV Program. The Engineer may retest the pavement at any time to verify the accuracy of the equipment.
1101.11 Hydrodemolition Equipment. The equipment shall consist of filtering
and pumping units operating with a remote controlled robotic device. The equipment shall be capable of removing concrete to the specified depth and of removing rust and concrete particles from exposed reinforcing bars.
1101.12 Water Blaster with Vacuum Recovery. The water blaster shall
remove the stripe from the pavement using a high pressurized water spray with a vacuum recovery system to provide a clean, almost dry surface, without the use of a secondary cleanup process. The removal shall be to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The equipment shall contain a storage system that allows for the storage of the wastewater while retaining the debris. The operator shall be in immediate control of the blast head.
1101.13 Reserved.
1101.14 Skid Steer Loader Equipped with a Hydraulic Hammer. The skid
steer loader shall be wheel mounted and hydraulically actuated, with a maximum horsepower rating of 60 hp (45 kW) and a maximum total machine weight (mass) of 6600 lb (3000 kg). The hydraulic hammer shall have a maximum impact energy of 300 ft lb (410 J) and a maximum total weight (mass) of 475 lb (215 kg). The hydraulic hammer shall be attached to the skid steer loader in such a manner that the angle of attack of the hammer is fixed while breaking concrete.
1101.15 Self-Propelled Planing Machine. The planing machine shall have a
wheel base width of not less than 10 ft (3 m) and shall be capable of heating, and planing the existing surface and depositing the material into a windrow in one or more passes.
1101.16 Self-Propelled Milling Machine. Self-propelled milling machines
shall be according to the following.
a.HMA Surface Removal. The milling machine shall be capable of cold milling and cutting the existing HMA surface and depositing the cuttings into a windrow or directly loading the cuttings into a truck. It shall be capable of removing a lift of HMA at least 6 ft (1.8 m) in width and 1 1/2 in. (40 mm) in depth in a single pass. When the width of surface removal is less than 6 ft (1.8 m), machines less than 6 ft (1.8 m) wide will be permitted, except that the area milled shall not be wider than the width of the work specified on the plans. The milling machine shall be capable of accurately and automatically establishing profile grades by reference from either the existing pavement or from an independent grade control to provide a milled surface within a tolerance of 3/16 in. in 16 ft (5 mm in 5 m) when tested with a 16 ft (5 m) straightedge. It also shall have an effective means for removing all loose and excess material from the surface and for preventing any dust resulting from the operation from escaping into the air. Hot-Mix Asphalt Equipment Art. 1102.01
b.Median Removal Partial Depth. The milling machine shall be self-propelled and capable of removing the portland cement concrete by a cold milling process utilizing tungsten carbide cutting teeth. The equipment shall be capable of accurately controlling the elevation and cross slope of the removal, and shall have an effective means of removing the material from the median and of preventing dust from escaping into the air.
1101.17 Asphalt-Rubber Processor/Distributor. Equipment utilized in
processing and applying asphalt-rubber shall be a truck or trailer mounted self- powered distributor equipped with a heating unit, a mixing unit capable of producing a homogenous mixture of asphalt and rubber, pump(s) capable of spraying asphalt- rubber within ±0.05 gal/sq yd (±0.23 L/sq m) of the specified rate, and a fully circulating spray bar capable of applying asphalt-rubber without a streaked or otherwise irregular pattern. The distributor shall include a tachometer, pressure gauges, volume measuring devices, an onboard weighing device to aid in proportioning materials, and a thermometer. A "bootman" shall accompany the distributor and ride in a position so that all spray bar nozzles are in his/her full view and readily accessible for unplugging.
1101.18 Mechanical Laydown Equipment. The equipment shall handle full
rolls of fabric and shall be capable of laying the fabric smoothly without excessive wrinkles or folds. Stiff bristle brooms to smooth the fabric and scissors to cut the fabric shall be provided with the equipment.
1101.19 Air Compressor. The air compressor shall be capable of producing a
minimum pressure of 90 psi (620 kPa) at the end of the discharge hose. The air stream shall discharge onto the pavement through an appropriate air lance. The tool lubricator shall be bypassed and a filter installed on the discharge valve to keep water and oil out of the line.
1101.20 Oil Kettle. The crack sealant shall be heated in an oil jacketed double
wall kettle equipped with an agitator (reversing rotary auger action) and separate thermometers for the oil bath and mixing chamber. The unit shall also be equipped with a reversible hydraulic 2 in. (50 mm) hot asphalt pump and a recirculating pump to circulate the oil bath. SECTION 1102. HOT-MIX ASPHALT EQUIPMENT
1102.01 Hot-Mix Asphalt Plant. The hot-mix asphalt (HMA) plant shall be the
batch-type or dryer drum plant. The plants shall be evaluated for prequalification rating and approval to produce HMA according to the Bureau of Materials Policy Memorandum, "Approval of Hot-Mix Asphalt Plants and Equipment". Once approved, the Contractor shall notify the Bureau of Materials to obtain approval of all plant modifications. The plants shall not be used to produce mixtures concurrently for more than one project or for private work unless permission is granted in writing by the Engineer. The plant units shall be so designed, coordinated and operated that they will function properly and produce HMA having uniform temperatures and compositions within the tolerances specified. The plant units shall meet the following requirements. Art. 1102.01 Hot-Mix Asphalt Equipment
a.Requirements for All Plants. All HMA plants shall be according to the following.
1.General. The plant shall be approved before production begins. All HMA plants shall be capable of producing HMA within the specification tolerances for gradation and asphalt binder content. The plant owner shall be responsible for demonstrating this capability through a production and testing program defined by the Bureau of Materials Policy Memorandum, “Approval of Hot-Mix Asphalt Plants and Equipment”. If the plant fails to maintain this capability, the Department may require the demonstration to be repeated at any time. Failure to maintain the capability may result in loss of plant approval status. Accessibility to the top of truck beds shall be provided by dual platforms or other suitable device to enable the Engineer to obtain samples and mixture temperature data. For all types of plants, the ingredients shall be heated and combined in such a manner as to produce HMA which when discharged from the plant will in general not vary more than 20 °F (10 °C) for each mix type being produced. In all cases, the mix temperature shall not be more than 350 °F (180 °C) or less than 250 °F (120 °C). Wide variations in the mixture temperature of successive loads may be cause for rejection of the HMA. During the drying process, the moisture content of the aggregate shall be reduced such that the moisture content of the HMA at time of discharge from the mixer will not exceed 0.3 percent. For certain aggregates such as air-cooled blast furnace slag, and other highly absorptive aggregates, special handling and treatment such as double drying may be required. Whenever a HMA plant is being used to produce mixtures as defined in
Article 1030 — 01, all hot bins shall be emptied and all aggregate in the
dryer and on all collector conveyors shall be removed prior to starting production or resuming once production has been interrupted for the purpose of producing a different mixture.
2.Storage Facilities. The plant used in the preparation of the HMA shall be located where it will have adequate storage and transportation facilities. Sufficient space shall be provided for separate stockpiles of each gradation, source, and quality of aggregate required. If necessary to prevent the intermixing of the different materials, or if stockpiles join together, suitable partitions shall be used between adjacent stockpiles. All aggregates shall be kept separated until they are fed in their proper proportions onto a belt conveyor or into the boot of the cold aggregate elevator. The aggregates shall be handled in such a manner as to prevent contamination, degradation and segregation.
3.Aggregate/RAP/RAS Bins and Feeders. The plant shall be provided with accurate mechanical means for uniformly feeding each aggregate, Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles
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Source: Illinois Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 1141–1149 of 1,217. View official source ↗