Art. 501.01 Removal of Existing Structures
Division 500 — Structures
BRIDGES SECTION 501. REMOVAL OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
501.01 Description. This work shall consist of the removal of existing traffic
and drainage structures or portions thereof. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
501.02 General. The Contractor shall submit a demolition plan to the
Engineer for approval, including the proposed methods of demolition and the location(s) and type(s) of equipment to be used, for the removal of existing bridge structures or bridge decks (with the exception of box culverts), when such work will be adjacent to or over an active roadway, railroad, or waterway designated on the plans as “Public Waters”. The demolition plan shall include an assessment of the structure condition and an evaluation of the capacity and stability of the structure during demolition and shall be sealed by an Illinois Licensed Structural Engineer. Materials that are to be salvaged under the contract and which the Engineer deems fit for reuse shall be carefully removed in transportable sections and stockpiled near the site at a location designated by the Engineer. If the material for reuse is unfit, through no fault of the Contractor, the material shall be disposed of according to Article 202.03. When the Contractor damages or destroys such material, the Contractor shall repair or replace the material in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer. Materials that are not to be salvaged shall be removed and disposed of according to Article 202.03. When a superstructure is specified to be salvaged for reerection, all members and loose parts shall be properly matchmarked, all machined steel surfaces treated with an approved anti-rust compound, and all loose parts wired to adjacent members or packed in marked boxes.
501.03 Protective Shield System. When required, a protective shield system
shall be erected and maintained to protect pedestrian, vehicular, or railroad traffic from falling objects. The system shall protect the bridge length shown on the plans. The width to be protected shall be the out-to-out width of the existing structure, unless otherwise shown on the plans. The protective shield system shall be designed and constructed to sustain loads of 200 lb/sq ft (9.5 kPa) in addition to its own weight. Protective shield systems comprised of wood members shall be designed for a minimum loading duration of seven days. The system may be either fixed or mobile. The existing vertical clearances above roadways and/or railroad tracks shall be maintained. The Contractor shall coordinate the installation with municipalities and/or utilities to ensure protection of their facilities during the removal process. The Contractor shall submit working drawings and calculations prepared and sealed by an Illinois Licensed Structural Engineer to the Engineer for the protective shield system. The drawings shall provide full details, dimensions, and types of Removal of Existing Structures Art. 501.05 materials proposed for use. The protective shield system shall not be installed until authorization to proceed is given by the Engineer. Concrete removal shall not commence until the protective shield system is in place and in conformity with the sealed working drawings. Upon completion of the work or when directed by the Engineer, the protective shield system shall be removed.
501.04 Complete Removal of Structures. Existing structures shall be
removed to at least 1 ft (300 mm) below the proposed elevation of subgrade or ground surface. Portions of existing structures below this elevation that interfere with the proposed construction shall also be removed. When slope wall is specified to be removed, it shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to determine the thickness of the slope wall to be removed and the extent to which it is reinforced. No additional compensation will be allowed because of variations from the assumed thickness or from the thickness shown on the plans, or for variations in the amount of reinforcement. Removal of existing pipe culverts shall include any headwalls, wingwalls, or aprons attached to the culvert.
501.05 Partial Removal of Structures. Where portions of existing structures
are to remain in service, portions to be removed shall be removed in such a manner as to leave the remaining structure undamaged and in proper condition for the use contemplated. Any damage to the portions remaining in service shall be repaired. Repairs shall be made as directed by the Engineer. The removed portions shall be disposed of according to Article 202.03. Prior to partial removal of any concrete structure, a 3/4 in. (19 mm) deep saw cut shall be made along all boundaries of removal areas adjacent to areas to remain in place. Where existing bars are to extend from the remaining portions of existing structures into new construction, the concrete shall be removed so as to leave the projecting bars clean and undamaged. All newly exposed concrete and exposed reinforcement bars to be incorporated into new concrete shall be blast-cleaned; epoxy coated reinforcement bars shall be cleaned and repaired according to
Article 508 — 04. Where projecting bars are not to extend into the new construction,
they shall be cut off flush with the surface to which the old concrete has been removed. Additional requirements for the partial removal of specific structures shall be as follows.
a.Bridge Decks, Partial Removal. When utilizing hammers to perform partial removal within 1 ft (300 mm) of the saw cut boundaries or portions of the existing bridge deck to remain in service, the hammers shall be limited to 15 lb (7 kg) chipping hammers or hand tools. Particular care shall be exercised at the bottom of the slab to avoid breakage beyond the designated removal line. When jack hammers are utilized to remove the remaining Art. 501.05 Removal of Existing Structures concrete, the hammers shall not be heavier than the nominal 45 lb (20 kg) class. More powerful hydraulic impact equipment will not be allowed to perform this removal. The surfaces presented as a result of this removal shall be reasonably true and even, with sharp straight corners that will permit a neat and workmanlike joint with the new construction. Upon removal of the formwork, the bottom surfaces of new concrete, adjacent to remaining portions of existing concrete, shall be inspected with hammer sounding to detect loose and delaminated areas. Those areas shall be removed as directed by the Engineer. All removed areas 1 in. (25 mm) or deeper shall be repaired with an approved method.
b.Bridge Decks, Complete Removal. The concrete within 1 ft (300 mm) of partial depth saw cut boundaries, stage removal lines, or attached to and/or supported by portions of the structure to remain in service shall be removed according to Article 501.05(a). When jackhammers or hydraulic impact equipment are utilized to remove the remainder of the concrete, the equipment shall have a maximum rated striking energy of 1200 ft lb (1600 J). When saw cutting of the deck is utilized for deck removal, the top flanges of all beams or girders shall be marked on the deck surface. Saw cutting directly over the top of beam or girder flanges may be permitted only if shown on the plans. The maximum saw cut depth allowed directly over a flange shall be to the bottom of the top mat of reinforcing steel but shall not exceed half the deck thickness. The Contractor shall provide positive control for controlling the depth of cut into the slab. The Contractor shall provide sawing equipment adequate in size and horsepower to complete the sawing operation.
c.Culverts. At locations designated by the Engineer, all earth and debris shall be removed from the invert of the portions of existing culverts which are to remain in service.
d.Substructures. When piers, abutments, or retaining walls, etc. or portions thereof are to be removed adjacent to structures or property to remain in use, even if that use is only temporary, the removal shall be done in such a manner as to not transmit damaging energy in to the remaining structure. The maximum rated impact energy shall be limited to 1200 ft lb (1600 J) unless the remaining portion of the structure can be fully isolated from the portion being removed. The removal shall be completed so as to maintain adequate structural and foundation support of the remaining elements. At the Contractor's option, hydrodemolition equipment meeting the requirements of Article 1101.11 may be used. Operation of the hydrodemolition equipment shall be performed and supervised by qualified personnel certified by the equipment manufacturer. Evidence of certification shall be presented to the Engineer. When partial-depth removal is required, the equipment shall be calibrated and set to remove sound concrete to the required depth. If sound concrete is being removed below the required depth, the Engineer will require the equipment to be recalibrated and reset. The Contractor shall control the runoff water generated by the various construction activities in such a manner as to minimize, to the maximum extent practicable, the discharge of construction debris into adjacent waters, and shall Removal of Existing Structures Art. 501.07 properly dispose of the solids generated according to Article 202.03. Runoff water shall not be allowed to constitute a hazard on adjacent or underlying roadways, waterways, drainage areas, or railroads, nor be allowed to erode existing slopes.
501.06 Method of Measurement. When paid for as a separate item, removal
of existing structures, removal of existing superstructures, removal of existing concrete deck, and removal of existing concrete headwall for pipe culverts will be measured for payment in units of each at the location designated on the plans. The protective shield system will be measured for payment in place and the area computed in square yards (square meters). The length will be measured along the centerline of the structure. The width will be measured perpendicular to the centerline of the structure. When paid for as a separate item, slope wall removal will be measured for payment in place and the area computed in square yards (square meters). Removal of existing culverts will be measured for payment in place, in feet (meters) along the invert of the culvert. When paid for as a separate item, removal of existing bridge rail will be measured in place in feet (meters). The length measured will be the overall length along the top longitudinal rail element through all posts and gaps. Removal and disposal of all posts and connecting hardware associated with the bridge rail will not be measured for payment. When paid for as a separate item, the removal of concrete or masonry for partial removal of structures will be measured for payment in place and the volume computed in cubic yards (cubic meters). Excavation of earth necessary to perform the removal of existing structures will not be measured for payment. Rock excavation will be measured for payment according to Article 502.12.
501.07 Basis of Payment. When the contract contains a separate item for
the removal of a structure, the work will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for REMOVAL OF EXISTING STRUCTURES, REMOVAL OF EXISTING SUPERSTRUCTURES, or REMOVAL OF EXISTING CONCRETE DECK at the location designated on the plans. When the contract contains a separate item for the partial removal of concrete or masonry structures the work will be paid for at the contract unit price per cubic yard (cubic meter) for CONCRETE REMOVAL or MASONRY REMOVAL. Disposal of materials specified for salvage but deemed unfit for further use through no fault of the Contractor will be paid for according to Article 109.04. The protective shield system will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard (square meter) for PROTECTIVE SHIELD. Art. 501.07 Excavation for Structures Removal of existing pipe culvert concrete headwalls will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for CONCRETE HEADWALL REMOVAL. Removal of existing pipe culverts will be paid for at the contract unit price per foot (meter) for PIPE CULVERT REMOVAL. When a pay item is provided in the contract, removal of existing slope wall will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard (square meter) for SLOPE WALL REMOVAL. When a pay item is provided in the contract, removal of existing bridge rail will be paid for at the contract unit price per foot (meter) for BRIDGE RAIL REMOVAL. When the Engineer directs that earth and debris be removed from culvert inverts, such removal will be paid for according to Article 109.04. When existing structures or portions of existing structures are encountered which cannot be removed by normal excavation procedures and are not shown on the plans or are not evident in the field and are required to be removed, the cost of such removal will be paid for according to Article 109.04. Rock excavation will be paid for according to Article 502.13. SECTION 502. EXCAVATION FOR STRUCTURES
502.01 Description. This work shall consist of the excavation required for the
construction of structures including bailing, draining, pumping, sheeting; the construction of cofferdams, or temporary cribs if found necessary, and their subsequent removal; and backfilling to the level of the ground surface as it existed before any excavation was made. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
502.02 Clearing, Tree Removal, and Protection of Existing Plant Material.
Prior to starting excavation operations in any area, all clearing, tree removal, and protection of existing plant material in that area shall be performed as specified in Section 201.
502.03 General. Excavation for structures shall include all materials
encountered, regardless of their nature. Structure excavation shall include all excavation, except rock excavation or excavation within a cofferdam. Cofferdam excavation shall include all excavation within the limits of a cofferdam, except rock excavation. Rock excavation for structures shall consist of the excavation of boulders 1/2 cu yd (0.4 cu m) in volume or greater and all rock in ledges, bedded deposits, and conglomerate deposits exhibiting the physical characteristics and difficulty of rock
Referenced in this section
REMOVAL OF EXISTING STRUCTURES in other states
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Source: Illinois Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 317–321 of 1,217. View official source ↗