Art. 407.01 Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement (Full-Depth) The HMA test strip will be evaluated for payment according to one of the following options. OPTION 1. If the HMA placed during the initial test strip is determined to be acceptable, the mixture will be paid for at the contract unit price. OPTION 2. If the HMA placed during the initial test strip (1) is determined to be unacceptable to remain in place by the Engineer, and (2) was not produced within 2.0 to 6.0 percent air voids or within the individual control limits of the JMF according to the Department’s test results, the mixture will not be paid for and shall be removed at no additional cost to the Department. An additional test strip shall be constructed and the mixture will be paid for in full, if produced within 2.0 to 6.0 percent air voids and within the individual control limits of the JMF. OPTION 3. If the HMA placed during the initial test strip (1) is determined to be unacceptable to remain in place by the Engineer, and (2) was produced within 2.0 to 6.0 percent air voids and within the individual control limits of the JMF according to the Department’s test results, the mixture shall be removed. Removal will be paid for according to Article 109.04. This initial mixture will be paid for at the contract unit price. An additional test strip shall be constructed and the mixture will be paid for in full, if produced within 2.0 to 6.0 percent air voids and within the individual control limits of the JMF. SECTION 407. HOT-MIX ASPHALT PAVEMENT (FULL-DEPTH)
407.01 Description. This work shall consist of constructing a full-depth hot-
mix asphalt (HMA) pavement on a prepared subgrade.
407.02 Materials. Materials shall be according to Article 406.02.
407.03 Equipment. Equipment shall be according to Articles 406.03,
1101.04, and 1101.10. Pavement thickness cores shall be taken utilizing an approved coring machine. The cores shall have a diameter of 2 in. (50 mm). The cores will be measured with a device supplied by the Department. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
407.04 General. HMA Pavement (Full-Depth) shall be constructed according
to the applicable portions of Section 406 with binder and surface course mixtures as shown on the plans.
407.05 Subgrade. The subgrade shall be prepared according to Section 301,
except Articles 301.05 and 301.06 will not apply, or according to Section 302 when soil modification is used.
407.06 Placing and Compacting. Prior to placing the initial lift of the HMA
binder course, trimmings and other loose material shall be removed from the prepared subgrade. Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement (Full-Depth) Art. 407.08 HMA shall be placed according to Article 406.06 and compacted according to
Article 406 — 07, in addition to the following.
a.Each compacted lift of HMA shall be clean when the next lift is placed.
b.A bituminous tack coat or full lane sealant (FLS) shall be applied between each lift of HMA according to Article 406.05(c).
c.When longitudinal joint sealant (LJS) is specified, it shall be applied according to Article 406.06(h)(2).
d.The compacted thickness of the initial lift of binder course shall be 4 in. (100 mm). The compacted thickness of succeeding lifts shall not exceed 4 in. (100 mm). The compacted thickness of the final lift of binder course shall be 2 1/4 in. (56 mm).
407.07 Pipe Underdrains. If pipe underdrains are to be constructed along
the edges of the full-depth pavement, construction of the pipe underdrains shall not be started until at least 9 1/2 in. (240 mm) of HMA binder course or the entire thickness of the full-depth pavement, whichever is the lesser, is in place. Material excavated from the trench for the underdrain shall not be deposited or windrowed on any portion of the full-depth pavement.
407.08 Hauling on the Partially Completed Full-Depth Pavement. Legally
loaded trucks will be permitted on the partially completed full-depth HMA pavement only to deliver HMA mixture to the paver, provided the last lift has cooled a minimum of 12 hours. Hauling shall be limited to the distances shown in the following tables. The pavement surface temperature shall be measured using an infrared gun. The use of water to cool the pavement to permit hauling will not be allowed. The Contractor’s traffic pattern shall minimize hauling on the partially completed pavement and shall vary across the width of the pavement such that “tracking” of vehicles, one directly behind the other, does not occur. MAXIMUM HAULING DISTANCE FOR PAVEMENT SURFACE TEMPERATURE BELOW 105 °F (40 °C) Total In-Place Thickness Being Hauled On, in. (mm) Thickness of Lift Being Placed 3 in. (75 mm) or less More than 3 in. (75 mm) Modified Soil Subgrade Granular Subbase Modified Soil Subgrade Granular Subbase 4.0 to 5.0 (101 to 125) 1.0 mile (1600 m) 1.5 miles (2400 m) 0.75 miles (1200 m) 1.0 mile (1600 m) 5.1 to 6.0 (126 to 150) 2.0 miles (3200 m) 2.5 miles (4000 m) 1.5 miles (2400 m) 2.0 miles (3200 m) 6.1 to 8.0 (151 to 200) 2.5 miles (4000 m) 3.0 miles (4800 m) 2.0 miles (3200 m) 2.5 miles (4000 m) Over 8.0 (200) No Restrictions Art. 407.09 Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement (Full-Depth) MAXIMUM HAULING DISTANCE FOR PAVEMENT SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF 105 °F (40 °C) AND ABOVE Total In-Place Thickness Being Hauled On, in. (mm) Thickness of Lift Being Placed 3 in. (75 mm) or less More than 3 in. (75 mm) Modified Soil Subgrade Granular Subbase Modified Soil Subgrade Granular Subbase 4.0 to 5.0 (101 to 125) 0.75 miles (1200 m) 1.0 mile (1600 m) 0.50 miles (800 m) 0.75 miles (1200 m) 5.1 to 6.0 (126 to 150) 1.0 mile (1600 m) 1.5 miles (2400 m) 0.75 miles (1200 m) 1.0 mile (1600 m) 6.1 to 8.0 (151 to 200) 2.0 miles (3200 m) 2.5 miles (4000 m) 1.5 miles (2400 m) 2.0 miles (3200 m) Over 8.0 (200) No Restrictions Permissive hauling on the partially completed pavement shall not relieve the Contractor of his/her responsibility for damage to the pavement. Any portion of the full-depth HMA pavement that is damaged by hauling shall be removed and replaced, or otherwise repaired to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Crossovers used to transfer haul trucks from one roadway to the other shall be at least 1000 ft (300 m) apart and shall be constructed of material that will prevent tracking of dust or mud on the completed HMA lifts. The Contractor shall construct, maintain, and remove all crossovers.
407.09 Surface Tests. The finished surface of the pavement shall be tested
for smoothness within three days of paving. Testing shall be performed in the presence of the Engineer. Prior to testing, a copy of the approval letter and recorded settings from the Profile Equipment Verification (PEV) Program shall be submitted to the Engineer; and all objects and debris shall be removed from the pavement.
a.Test Sections/Equipment.
1.High-Speed Mainline Pavement. High-speed mainline pavement shall consist of pavements, ramps, and loops with a posted speed greater than 45 mph. These sections shall be tested using a profile testing device.
2.Low-Speed Mainline Pavement. Low-speed mainline pavement shall consist of pavements, ramps, and loops with a posted speed of 45 mph or less. These sections shall be tested using a profile testing device.
3.Miscellaneous Pavement. Miscellaneous pavement shall consist of:
a.pavement on horizontal curves with a centerline radius of curvature of less than or equal to 1000 ft (300 m) and pavement within the superelevation transition of such curves;
b.pavement on vertical curves having a length of less than or equal to 200 ft (60 m) in combination with an algebraic change in tangent Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement (Full-Depth) Art. 407.09 grades greater than or equal to three percent, as may occur on urban ramps or other constricted-space facilities;
c.the first or last 15 ft (4.5 m) of a pavement section where the Contractor is not responsible for the adjoining surface;
d.intersections;
e.variable width pavements;
f.side street returns;
g.crossovers;
h.connector pavement from mainline pavement expansion joint to the bridge approach slab;
i.bridge approach slab; and
j.other miscellaneous pavement surfaces (e.g., a turn lane) as determined by the Engineer. Miscellaneous pavement shall be tested using a 16 ft (5 m) straightedge set to a 3/8 in. (10 mm) tolerance.
b.Lots/Sublots. Mainline pavement test sections will be divided into lots and sublots.
1.Lots. A lot will be defined as a continuous strip of pavement 1 mile (1600 m) long and one lane wide. When the length of a continuous strip of pavement is less than 1 mile (1600 m), that pavement will be included in an adjacent lot. Structures will be omitted when measuring pavement length.
2.Sublots. Lots will be divided into 0.1 mile (160 m) sublots. A partial sublot greater than or equal to 250 ft (76 m) resulting from an interruption in the pavement will be subject to the same evaluation as a whole sublot. Partial sublots less than 250 ft (76 m) shall be included with the previous sublot for evaluation purposes.
c.Testing Procedure. Two wheel tracks shall be tested per lane. Testing shall be performed 3 ft (1 m) from and parallel to each lane edge. A guide shall be used to maintain the proper distance. The profile trace generated shall have stationing indicated every 500 ft (150 m) at a minimum. Both ends of the profile trace shall be labeled with the following information: contract number, beginning and ending stationing, which direction is up on the trace, which direction the data was collected, and the device operator name(s). The top portion of the Department supplied form, “Profile Report of Pavement Smoothness” shall be completed and secured around the trace roll. Art. 407.09 Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement (Full-Depth) Although surface testing of intermediate lifts will not be required, they may be performed at the Contractor’s option. When this option is chosen, the testing shall be performed and the profile traces shall be generated as described above. The Engineer may perform his/her own testing at any time for monitoring and comparison purposes.
d.Trace Reduction and Bump Locating Procedure. All traces shall be reduced. Traces produced by a mechanical recorder shall be reduced using an electronic scanner and computer software. This software shall calculate the profile index of each sublot in in./mile (mm/km) and indicate any high points (bumps) in excess of 0.30 in. (8 mm) with a line intersecting the profile on the printout. Computerized recorders shall provide the same information. The profile index of each track, average profile index of each sublot, average profile index of the lot and locations of bumps shall be recorded on the form. All traces and reports shall be provided within two working days of completing the testing to the Engineer for the project file. Traces from either a computerized profile testing device or analysis software used with a manual profile testing device shall display the settings used for the data reduction. The Engineer will compare these settings with the approved settings from the PEV Program. If the settings do not match, the results will be rejected and the section shall be retested/reanalyzed with the appropriate settings. The Engineer will use the results of the testing to evaluate paving methods and equipment. If the average profile index of a lot exceeds 40.0 in./mile (635 mm/km) for high-speed mainline pavement or 65.0 in./mile (1025 mm/km) for low-speed mainline pavement, the paving operation will be suspended until corrective action is taken by the Contractor.
e.Corrective Work. All bumps in excess of 0.30 in. (8 mm) will be marked and shall be corrected as directed by the Engineer.
1.High-Speed Mainline Pavement. Any sublot having an average profile index within the range of greater than 30.0 to 40.0 in./mile (475 to 635 mm/km) including bumps, shall be corrected to reduce the profile index to 30.0 in./mile (475 mm/km) or less on each trace. Any sublot having an average profile index greater than 40.0 in./mile (635 mm/km) including bumps, shall be corrected to reduce the profile index to 30.0 in./mile (475 mm/km) or less on each trace, or replaced at the Contractor’s option.
2.Low-Speed Mainline Pavement. Any sublot having an average profile index within the range of greater than 45.0 to 65.0 in./mile (710 to 1025 mm/km) including bumps, shall be corrected to reduce the profile index to 45.0 in./mile (710 mm/km) or less on each trace. Any sublot having an average profile index greater than 65.0 in./mile Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement (Full-Depth) Art. 407.09 (1025 mm/km) including bumps, shall be corrected to reduce the profile index to 45.0 in./mile (710 mm/km) or less on each trace, or replaced at the Contractor’s option.
3.Miscellaneous Pavement. Surface variations which exceed the 3/8 in. (10 mm) tolerance will be marked by the Engineer and shall be corrected by the Contractor. Corrective work shall be completed with pavement surface grinding equipment or by removing and replacing the pavement. Corrective work shall be applied to the full lane width. When completed, the corrected area shall have uniform texture and appearance, with the beginning and ending of the corrected area squared normal to the centerline of the paved surface. Upon completion of the corrective work, the surface of the sublot(s) shall be retested. The Contractor shall furnish the profile tracing(s) and the completed form(s) to the Engineer within two working days after corrections are made. If the profile index and/or bumps still do not meet the requirements, additional corrective work shall be performed. Corrective work shall be at no additional cost to the Department.
f.Smoothness Assessments. Assessments will be paid to or deducted from the Contractor for each sublot of mainline pavement, per the Smoothness Assessment Schedule. Assessments will be based on the average profile index of each sublot prior to performing any corrective work unless the Contractor has chosen to remove and replace the sublot. For sublots that are replaced, assessments will be based on the profile index determined after replacement. Assessments will not be paid or deducted until all other contract requirements for the pavement are satisfied. Pavement that is corrected or replaced for reasons other than smoothness, shall be retested as stated herein. SMOOTHNESS ASSESSMENT SCHEDULE (Full-Depth HMA) High-Speed Mainline Pavt. Average Profile Index in./mile (mm/km) Low-Speed Mainline Pavt. Average Profile Index in./mile (mm/km) Assessment per sublot 6.0 (95) or less +$800.00 >6.0 (95) to 11.0 (175) 15.0 (240) or less +$550.00 >11.0 (175) to 17.0 (270) >15.0 (240) to 25.0 (400) +$350.00 >17.0 (270) to 30.0 (475) >25.0 (400) to 45.0 (710) +$0.00 >30.0 (475) to 40.0 (635) >45.0 (710) to 65.0 (1025) +$0.00 Greater than 40.0 (635) Greater than 65.0 (1025) -$500.00 Art. 407.10 Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement (Full-Depth) Smoothness assessments will not be applied to miscellaneous pavement sections.
407.10 Tolerance in Thickness. Determination of pavement thickness shall
be performed after the pavement surface tests and corrective action have been completed according to Article 407.09. Pay adjustments made for pavement thickness will be in addition to and independent of those made for pavement smoothness. Pavement pay items that individually contain at least 1000 sq yd (840 sq m) of contiguous pavement shall be evaluated with the following exclusions: temporary pavements; variable width pavements; radius returns; short lengths of contiguous pavements less than 500 ft (150 m) in length; and constant width portions of turn lanes less than 500 ft (150 m) in length. Temporary pavements are defined as pavements constructed and removed under the same contract. The method described in Article 407.10(a), shall be used except for those pavements constructed in areas where access to side streets and entrances necessitates construction in segments less than 1000 ft (300 m). The method described in Article 407.10(b) shall be used in areas where access to side streets and entrances necessitates construction in segments less than 1000 ft (300 m).
a.Percent Within Limits (PWL). The PWL method shall be as follows.
1.Lots and Sublots. The pavement will be divided into approximately equal lots of not more than 5000 ft (1500 m) in length. When the length of a continuous strip of pavement is 500 ft (150 m) or greater but less than 5000 ft (1500 m), these short lengths of pavement, ramps, turn lanes, and other short sections of continuous pavement will be grouped together to form lots approximately 5000 ft (1500 m) in length. Short segments between structures will be measured continuously with the structure segments omitted. Each lot will be subdivided into ten equal sublots. The width of a sublot and lot will be the width from the pavement edge to the adjacent lane line, from one lane line to the next, or between pavement edges for single-lane pavements.
2.Cores. Cores 2 in. (50 mm) in diameter shall be taken from the pavement by the Contractor, at locations selected by the Engineer. The exact longitudinal and transverse location for each core will be selected at random, but will result in one core per sublot. Core locations will be specified prior to beginning the coring operations. The Contractor and the Engineer shall witness the coring operations, as well as the measuring and recording of the cores. The cores will be measured with a device supplied by the Department immediately upon removal from the core bit and prior to moving to the next core location. Upon concurrence of the length, the core samples shall be disposed of according to Article 202.03. Upon completion of each core, the hole shall be filled according to
Article 1030 — 06(d)(2).
3.Deficient Sublot. When the length of the core in a sublot is deficient by more than ten percent of plan thickness, the Contractor may take three Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement (Full-Depth) Art. 407.10 additional cores within that sublot at locations selected at random by the Engineer. If the Contractor chooses not to take additional cores, the pavement in that sublot shall be removed and replaced. When the three additional cores are taken, the length of those cores will be averaged with the original core length. If the average shows the sublot to be deficient by ten percent or less, no additional action is necessary. If the average shows the sublot to be deficient by more than ten percent, the pavement in that sublot shall be removed and replaced; however, when requested in writing by the Contractor, the Engineer may permit in writing such deficient sublots to remain in place. For deficient sublots allowed to remain in place, additional lift(s) may be placed, at no additional cost to the Department, to bring the deficient pavement to plan thickness when the Engineer determines grade control conditions will permit such lift(s). The area(s) to be overlaid, material to be used, thickness(es) of the lift(s), and method of placement will be approved by the Engineer. When a deficient sublot is removed and replaced, or additional lifts are placed, the corrected sublot shall be retested for thickness. The length of the new core taken in the sublot will be used in determining the PWL for the lot. When a deficient sublot is left in place and no additional lift(s) are placed, no payment will be made for the deficient sublot. The length of the original core taken in the sublot will be used in determining the PWL for the lot.
4.Deficient Lot. After addressing deficient sublots, the PWL for each lot will be determined. When the PWL of a lot is 60 percent or less, the pavement in that lot shall be removed and replaced; however when requested in writing by the Contractor, the Engineer may permit in writing such deficient lots to remain in place. For deficient lots allowed to remain in place, additional lift(s) may be placed, at no additional cost to the Department, to bring the deficient pavement to plan thickness when the Engineer determines grade control conditions will permit such lift(s). The area(s) to be overlaid, material to be used, thickness(es) of the lift(s), and method of placement will be approved by the Engineer. When a deficient lot is removed and replaced, or additional lifts are placed, the corrected lot shall be retested for thickness. The PWL for the lot will then be recalculated based upon the new cores; however, the pay factor for the lot shall be a maximum of 100 percent. When a deficient lot is left in place and no additional lift(s) are placed, the PWL for the lot will not be recalculated.
5.Right of Discovery. When the Engineer has reason to believe the random core selection process will not accurately represent the true conditions of the work, he/she may order additional cores. The additional cores shall be taken at specific locations determined by the Art. 407.10 Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement (Full-Depth) Engineer. The Engineer will provide notice to the Contractor containing an explanation of the reasons for his/her action. The need for, and location of, additional cores will be determined prior to commencement of coring operations. When the additional cores show the pavement to be deficient by more than ten percent of plan thickness, more additional cores shall be taken to determine the limits of the deficient pavement and that area shall be removed and replaced; however, when requested in writing by the Contractor, the Engineer may permit in writing such areas of deficient pavement to remain in place. The area of deficient pavement will be defined using the length between two acceptable cores and the full width of the sublot. An acceptable core is a core with a length of at least 90 percent of plan thickness. For deficient areas allowed to remain in place, additional lift(s) may be placed, at no additional cost to the Department, to bring the deficient pavement to plan thickness when the Engineer determines grade control conditions will permit such lift(s). The area(s) to be overlaid, material to be used, thickness(es) of the lift(s), and method of placement will be approved by the Engineer. When an area of deficient pavement is removed and replaced, or additional lifts are placed, the corrected pavement shall be retested for thickness. When an area of deficient pavement is left in place, and no additional lift(s) are placed, no payment will be made for the deficient pavement. When the additional cores show the pavement to be at least 90 percent of plan thickness, the additional cores will be paid for according to
Article 109 — 04.
6.Profile Index Adjustment. After any area of pavement is removed and replaced or any additional lifts are placed, the corrected areas shall be retested for pavement smoothness and any necessary profile index adjustments and/or corrections will be made based on these final profile readings prior to retesting for thickness.
7.Determination of PWL. The PWL for each lot will be determined as follows. Definitions: i x = Individual values (core lengths) under consideration n = Number of individual values under consideration (10 per lot) x = Average of the values under consideration LSL = Lower Specification Limit (98% of plan thickness) QL = Lower Quality Index S = Sample Standard Deviation PWL = Percent Within Limits Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement (Full-Depth) Art. 407.10 Determine x for the lot to the nearest two decimal places. Determine S for the lot to the nearest three decimal places using: n x xS i where 21022212 ........ x xx x x x x xi Determine QL for the lot to the nearest two decimal places using: QL S LSL x Determine PWL for the lot using the Q L and the following table. For Q L values less than zero the value shown in the table must be subtracted from 100 to obtain PWL.
8.Pay Factors. The pay factor (PF) for each lot will be determined, to the nearest two decimal places, using: PF (in percent) = 55 + 0.5 (PWL) If x for a lot is less than the plan thickness, the maximum PF for that lot shall be 100 percent.
9.Payment. Payment of incentive or disincentive for pay items subject to the PWL method will be calculated using: Payment = (((TPF/100)-1) x CUP) x (TOTPAVT - DEFPAVT) TPF = Total Pay Factor CUP = Contract Unit Price TOTPAVT = Area of Pavement Subject to Coring DEFPAVT = Area of Deficient Pavement The TPF for the pavement shall be the average of the PF for all the lots; however, the TPF shall not exceed 102 percent. Area of Deficient pavement (DEFPAVT) is defined as an area of pavement represented by a sublot deficient by more than ten percent which is left in place with no additional thickness added. Area of Pavement Subject to Coring (TOTPAVT) is defined as those pavement areas included in lots for pavement thickness determination. Art. 407.10 Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement (Full-Depth) PERCENT WITHIN LIMITS Quality Index (QL)* Percent Within Limits (PWL) Quality Index (QL)* Percent Within Limits (PWL) Quality Index (QL)* Percent Within Limits (PWL) Quality Index (QL)* Percent Within Limits (PWL) 0.00 50.00 0.40 65.07 0.80 78.43 1.20 88.76 0.01 50.38 0.41 65.43 0.81 78.72 1.21 88.97 0.02 50.77 0.42 65.79 0.82 79.02 1.22 89.17 0.03 51.15 0.43 66.15 0.83 79.31 1.23 89.38 0.04 51.54 0.44 66.51 0.84 79.61 1.24 89.58 0.05 51.92 0.45 66.87 0.85 79.90 1.25 89.79 0.06 52.30 0.46 67.22 0.86 80.19 1.26 89.99 0.07 52.69 0.47 67.57 0.87 80.47 1.27 90.19 0.08 53.07 0.48 67.93 0.88 80.76 1.28 90.38 0.09 53.46 0.49 68.28 0.89 81.04 1.29 90.58 0.10 53.84 0.50 68.63 0.90 81.33 1.30 90.78 0.11 54.22 0.51 68.98 0.91 81.61 1.31 90.96 0.12 54.60 0.52 69.32 0.92 81.88 1.32 91.15 0.13 54.99 0.53 69.67 0.93 82.16 1.33 91.33 0.14 55.37 0.54 70.01 0.94 82.43 1.34 91.52 0.15 55.75 0.55 70.36 0.95 82.71 1.35 91.70 0.16 56.13 0.56 70.70 0.96 82.97 1.36 91.87 0.17 56.51 0.57 71.04 0.97 83.24 1.37 92.04 0.18 56.89 0.58 71.38 0.98 83.50 1.38 92.22 0.19 57.27 0.59 71.72 0.99 83.77 1.39 92.39 0.20 57.65 0.60 72.06 1.00 84.03 1.40 92.56 0.21 58.03 0.61 72.39 1.01 84.28 1.41 92.72 0.22 58.40 0.62 72.72 1.02 84.53 1.42 92.88 0.23 58.78 0.63 73.06 1.03 84.79 1.43 93.05 0.24 59.15 0.64 73.39 1.04 85.04 1.44 93.21 0.25 59.53 0.65 73.72 1.05 85.29 1.45 93.37 0.26 59.90 0.66 74.04 1.06 85.53 1.46 93.52 0.27 60.28 0.67 74.36 1.07 85.77 1.47 93.67 0.28 60.65 0.68 74.69 1.08 86.02 1.48 93.83 0.29 61.03 0.69 75.01 1.09 86.26 1.49 93.98 0.30 61.40 0.70 75.33 1.10 86.50 1.50 94.13 0.31 61.77 0.71 75.64 1.11 86.73 1.51 94.27 0.32 62.14 0.72 75.96 1.12 86.96 1.52 94.41 0.33 62.51 0.73 76.27 1.13 87.20 1.53 94.54 0.34 62.88 0.74 76.59 1.14 87.43 1.54 94.68 0.35 63.25 0.75 76.90 1.15 87.66 1.55 94.82 0.36 63.61 0.76 77.21 1.16 87.88 1.56 94.95 0.37 63.98 0.77 77.51 1.17 88.10 1.57 95.08 0.38 64.34 0.78 77.82 1.18 88.32 1.58 95.20 0.39 64.71 0.79 78.12 1.19 88.54 1.59 95.33 *For Q L values less than zero, subtract the table value from 100 to obtain PWL Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement (Full-Depth) Art. 407.10 PERCENT WITHIN LIMITS (continued) Quality Index (QL)* Percent Within Limits (PWL) Quality Index (QL)* Percent Within Limits (PWL) Quality Index (QL)* Percent Within Limits (PWL) 1.60 95.46 2.00 98.83 2.40 99.89 1.61 95.58 2.01 98.88 2.41 99.90 1.62 95.70 2.02 98.92 2.42 99.91 1.63 95.81 2.03 98.97 2.43 99.91 1.64 95.93 2.04 99.01 2.44 99.92 1.65 96.05 2.05 99.06 2.45 99.93 1.66 96.16 2.06 99.10 2.46 99.94 1.67 96.27 2.07 99.14 2.47 99.94 1.68 96.37 2.08 99.18 2.48 99.95 1.69 96.48 2.09 99.22 2.49 99.95 1.70 96.59 2.10 99.26 2.50 99.96 1.71 96.69 2.11 99.29 2.51 99.96 1.72 96.78 2.12 99.32 2.52 99.97 1.73 96.88 2.13 99.36 2.53 99.97 1.74 96.97 2.14 99.39 2.54 99.98 1.75 97.07 2.15 99.42 2.55 99.98 1.76 97.16 2.16 99.45 2.56 99.98 1.77 97.25 2.17 99.48 2.57 99.98 1.78 97.33 2.18 99.50 2.58 99.99 1.79 97.42 2.19 99.53 2.59 99.99 1.80 97.51 2.20 99.56 2.60 99.99 1.81 97.59 2.21 99.58 2.61 99.99 1.82 97.67 2.22 99.61 2.62 99.99 1.83 97.75 2.23 99.63 2.63 100.00 1.84 97.83 2.22 99.66 2.64 100.00 1.85 97.91 2.25 99.68 ≥ 2.65 100.00 1.86 97.98 2.26 99.70 1.87 98.05 2.27 99.72 1.88 98.11 2.28 99.73 1.89 98.18 2.29 99.75 1.90 98.25 2.30 99.77 1.91 98.31 2.31 99.78 1.92 98.37 2.32 99.80 1.93 98.44 2.33 99.81 1.94 98.50 2.34 99.83 1.95 98.56 2.35 99.84 1.96 98.61 2.36 99.85 1.97 98.67 2.37 99.86 1.98 98.72 2.38 99.87 1.99 98.78 2.39 99.88 *For Q L values less than zero, subtract the table value from 100 to obtain PWL Art. 407.10 Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement (Full-Depth)
b.Minimum Thickness. The minimum thickness method shall be as follows.
1.Length of Units. The length of a unit will be a continuous strip of pavement 500 ft (150 m) in length.
2.Width of Units. The width of a unit will be the width from the pavement edge to the adjacent lane line, from one lane line to the next, or between pavement edges for single-lane pavements.
3.Thickness Measurements. Pavement thickness will be based on 2 in. (50 mm) diameter cores. Cores shall be taken from the pavement by the Contractor at locations selected by the Engineer. When determining the thickness of a unit, one core shall be taken in each unit. The Contractor and the Engineer shall witness the coring operations, as well as the measuring and recording of the cores. Core measurements will be determined immediately upon removal from the core bit and prior to moving to the next core location. Upon concurrence of the length, the core samples may be disposed of according to Article 202.03. Upon completion of coring, the hole shall be filled according to
Article 1030 — 06(d)(2).
4.Unit Deficient in Thickness. In considering any portion of the pavement that is deficient, the entire limits of the unit will be used in computing the deficiency or determining the remedial action required.
5.Thickness Equals or Exceeds Specified Thickness. When the thickness of a unit equals or exceeds the specified plan thickness, payment will be made at the contract unit price per square yard (square meter) for the specified thickness.
6.Thickness Deficient by Ten Percent or Less. When the thickness of a unit is less than the specified plan thickness by ten percent or less, a deficiency deduction will be assessed against payment for the item involved. The deficiency will be a percentage of the contract unit price as given in the following table. Percent Deficiency (of Plan Thickness) Percent Deduction (of Contract Unit Price) 0.0 to 2.0 2.1 to 3.0 3.1 to 4.0 4.1 to 5.0 5.1 to 7.5 7.6 to 10.0 Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement (Full-Depth) Art. 407.10
7.Thickness Deficient by More than Ten Percent. When a core shows the pavement to be deficient by more than ten percent of plan thickness, additional cores shall be taken on each side of the deficient core, at stations selected by the Contractor and offsets selected by the Engineer, to determine the limits of the deficient pavement. No core shall be located within 5 ft (1.5 m) of a previous core obtained for thickness determination. The first acceptable core obtained on each side of a deficient core will be used to determine the length of the deficient pavement. An acceptable core is a core with a thickness of at least 90 percent of plan thickness. The area of deficient pavement will be defined using the length between two acceptable cores and the full width of the unit. The area of deficient pavement shall be removed and replaced; however, when requested in writing by the Contractor, the Engineer may permit in writing such areas of deficient pavement to remain in place. For deficient areas allowed to remain in place, additional lift(s) may be placed, at no additional cost to the Department, to bring the deficient pavement to plan thickness when the Engineer determines grade control conditions will permit such lift(s). The area(s) to be overlaid, material to be used, thickness(es) of the lift(s), and method of placement will be approved by the Engineer. When an area of deficient pavement is removed and replaced, or additional lifts are placed, the corrected pavement shall be retested for thickness. The thickness of the new core will be used to determine the pay factor for the corrected area. When an area of deficient pavement is left in place, and no additional lift(s) are placed, no payment will be made for the deficient pavement. In addition, an amount equal to two times the contract cost of the deficient pavement will be deducted from the compensation due the Contractor. The thickness of the first acceptable core on each side of the core more than ten percent deficient will be used to determine any needed pay adjustments for the remaining areas on each side of the area deficient by more than ten percent. The pay adjustment will be determined according to Article 407.10(b)(6).
8.Right of Discovery. When the Engineer has reason to believe any core location does not accurately represent the true conditions of the work, he/she may order additional cores. These additional cores shall be taken at specific locations determined by the Engineer. The Engineer will provide notice to the Contractor containing an explanation of the reasons for his/her action. When the additional cores show the pavement to be deficient by more than ten percent of plan thickness, the procedures outlined in
Article 407 — 10(b)(7) shall be followed, except the Engineer will
determine the additional core locations. Art. 407.10 Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement (Full-Depth) When the additional cores, ordered by the Engineer, show the pavement to be at least 90 percent of plan thickness, the additional cores will be paid for according to Article 109.04.
9.Profile Index Adjustment. After any area of pavement is removed and replaced or any additional lifts are added, the corrected areas shall be retested for pavement smoothness and any necessary profile index adjustments and/or corrections will be made based on these final profile readings prior to retesting for thickness.
407.11 Method of Measurement. This work will be measured for payment as
follows.
a.Contract Quantities. The requirements for the use of contract quantities shall conform to Article 202.07(a).
b.Measured Quantities. HMA pavement (full-depth) will be measured for payment in place and the quantity computed in square yards (square meters). The width of measurement shall be the width of the top HMA lift as shown on the plans. Bituminous material for tack coat, full lane sealant (FLS), or longitudinal joint sealant (LJS) will be measured for payment according to Article 406.13.
407.12 Basis of Payment. HMA pavement (full-depth) will be paid for at the
contract unit price per square yard (square meter) for HOT-MIX ASPHALT PAVEMENT (FULL-DEPTH), of the thickness specified. When the work is performed under QCP or PFP criteria, the pay adjustments specified in Articles 406.14(a) and 406.14(b) shall apply, respectively. Tack coat and full lane sealant (FLS) will be paid for at the contract unit price per pound (kilogram) of residual asphalt for BITUMINOUS MATERIALS (TACK COAT), POLYMERIZED BITUMINOUS MATERIALS (TACK COAT), or BITUMINOUS MATERIALS (FULL LANE SEALANT). Longitudinal joint sealant (LJS) will be paid for at the contract unit price per foot (meter) for LONGITUDINAL JOINT SEALANT. Incidental Hot-Mix Asphalt Surfacing Art. 408.05 SECTION 408. INCIDENTAL HOT-MIX ASPHALT SURFACING
408.01 Description. This work shall consist of constructing a hot-mix asphalt
(HMA) surface on a prepared base.
408.02 Materials. Materials shall be according to Article 406.02. Mixture
composition IL-9.5 or IL-9.5FG, C or D, shall be used. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
408.03 General. The base shall be prepared according to Section 358.
Where incidental HMA surfacing will be subject to vehicular traffic, the base shall be primed or tacked according to Article 406.05(b). The HMA may be spread and finished by approved hand methods or a spreading and finishing machine approved by the Engineer. The HMA which will be subjected to vehicular traffic shall be compacted to the satisfaction of the Engineer with a tandem roller or vibratory roller. The HMA not subjected to traffic shall be compacted to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
408.04 Method of Measurement. Bituminous material for prime or tack will
be measured for payment according to Article 406.13. Incidental HMA surfacing will be measured for payment in tons (metric tons) according to Article 406.13. Aprons placed with extendible screeds during mainline paving will be considered an integral part of the mainline paving and will not be measured for payment as incidental HMA surfacing. Preparation of base will be measured according to Article 358.06.
408.05 Basis of Payment. This work will be paid for at the contract unit price
per pound (kilogram) of residual asphalt applied for BITUMINOUS MATERIALS (PRIME COAT), BITUMINOUS MATERIALS (TACK COAT), or POLYMERIZED BITUMINOUS MATERIALS (TACK COAT) and at the contract unit price per ton (metric ton) for INCIDENTAL HOT-MIX ASPHALT SURFACING. Preparation of base will be paid for according to Article 358.07.
Referenced in this section
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Source: Illinois Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 233–248 of 1,217. View official source ↗