Art. 1007.03 Timber and Preservative Treatment
1007.03 Structural Timber. Structural timber shall be southern pine, Douglas
fir (coast region), or other species listed in Chapter 8 of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications.
a.Treated and Untreated Timber. When treated material is specified, the method of treatment shall be according to Article 1007.12. There shall be no heartwood requirements for timber which is to receive a preservative treatment and the amount of sapwood shall not be limited. All timber to be used without preservative treatment shall contain not less than 85 percent of heartwood measured on the girth.
b.Standard Sizes and Grading Requirements. Rough cut and surfaced timber shall meet the applicable requirements for size and grading according to ASTM D 245 and the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau, the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau, or other agency accredited by the American Lumber Standard Committee, except as provided herein. All pieces shall be cut to length with square ends. The dimensions and surfacing requirements will be shown in the contract.
c.Strength Requirements. The design strengths for structural timber shall be as shown on the plans, and according to the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau, the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau, or other agency accredited by the American Lumber Standard Committee. Additionally, the design strengths shall be according to Chapter 8 of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications.
1007.04 Reserved.
1007.05 Sign Posts. Sign posts shall be either southern pine or Douglas fir
and shall be according to the following.
a.Southern pine shall be No. 2 according to the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau Grading Rules and the following.
1.Paragraph 313 for Structural Light Framing shall be used for 4 X 4 in. (100 X 100 mm) posts.
2.Paragraph 313 for Structural Joists and Planks shall be used for 4 X 6 in. (100 X 150 mm) posts.
b.Douglas fir shall be No. 2 according to the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau Standard Grading Rules and the following.
1.Paragraph 124C for Structural Light Framing shall be used for 4 X 4 in. (100 X 100 mm) posts.
2.Paragraph 123C for Structural Joists and Planks shall be used for 4 X 6 in. (100 X 150 mm) posts. Timber and Preservative Treatment Art. 1007.08 The size and length of posts shall be as shown on the plans. The dimensions for the posts are nominal. The surfacing shall be S4S (all four sides).
1007.06 Steel Plate Beam Guardrail and Wood Guardrail. The posts, rails,
and other timber shall be according to the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau or the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau. The size and surfacing requirements will be shown in the contract.
1007.07 Cable Road Guard. The posts and other timber for cable road guard
shall be according to the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau or the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau. The size shall be as shown on the plans. The surfacing shall be S4S or rough sawn.
1007.08 Piling. Timber piling shall be treated or untreated.
a.Untreated Timber Piling. When untreated timber piles are specified, they shall be any of the following species of woods which will satisfactorily withstand driving. Cedar, Northern White Pine, Southern Cedar, Western Red Pine, Norway Chestnut Cypress Elm, Rock Fir, Douglas (coast region) Hickory Oak
b.Treated Timber Piling. When treated timber piles are specified, they shall be one of the following types of wood. Pine, Southern Fir, Douglas (coast region) Oak, Red (commercial) The method of treatment shall be according to Article 1007.12.
c.Quality. All timber piles shall be cut from sound and solid trees. To avoid deterioration, they shall be cut within 12 months prior to use. The butt and tip shall be cut square with the axis of the pile. Piles shall be cut above the ground swell and shall taper from butt to tip. All knots and limbs shall be trimmed or cut flush with the surface of the pile. The piles shall contain no unsound knots or knots in groups. Sound knots will be permitted, provided the diameter of the knot does not exceed 4 in. (100 mm) or 1/3 of the diameter of the pile at the point where it occurs. The piles shall be free from twist of grain exceeding 1/2 the circumference in any 20 ft (6 m) of length; shake more than 1/3 the diameter of the pile, or shake appearing on both ends of the pile; rot, incipient, or advanced decay; and season checks which penetrate more than 1/4 of the diameter of the pile or are more than 1/4 in. (6 mm) in width. Any defect or combination of defects, which will impair the strength of the pile more than the maximum knot, will not be permitted. Art. 1007.08 Timber and Preservative Treatment Untreated piles shall have all the outer bark removed. Piles to be treated shall be peeled by removing all the outer bark and at least 80 percent of the inner bark. No strip of inner bark remaining on the piles shall be over 3/4 in. (19 mm) wide and there shall be at least 1 in. (25 mm) of clean wood surface between any two such strips. A line drawn from the center of the tip to the center of the butt shall not fall outside the center of the pile at any point more than one percent of the length of the pile. In short bends, the distance from the center of the pile to a line stretched from the center of the pile above the bend to the center of the pile below the bend shall not exceed four percent of the length of the bend, or 2 1/2 in. (63 mm). Piles shall be free from reverse bends.
d.Dimensions. All measurements shall be made under the bark. Tip and butt measurements shall be as listed in the following table. Length of Pile Diameter - (in.) Tip Minimum 36 in. from Butt Minimum Butt Maximum Less than 20 ft 8 11 20 20 ft and less than 40 ft 8 12 20 40 ft and less than 60 ft 7 13 20 60 ft and more 6 13 20 Length of Pile Diameter - (mm) Tip Minimum 900 mm from Butt Minimum Butt Maximum Less than 6 m 200 275 500 6 m and less than 12 m 200 300 500 12 m and less than 18 m 175 325 500 18 m and more 150 325 500
1007.09 Guard Posts and Guide Posts. The posts shall be of southern pine,
Douglas fir, northern white cedar, redwood, green and white ash, American and slippery elm, black gum, or red oak.
a.Dimensions. The dimensions of the posts will be shown in the contract.
b.Quality. The posts shall be cut from sound and solid trees. They shall contain no unsound knots. Sound knots will be permitted, provided the diameter of the knot does not exceed 1/3 the diameter of the post at the point where it occurs. They shall be free from excess twist of grain; ring shake more than 1/3 the diameter of the post; and rot, incipient, or advanced decay, except that in northern white cedar, one pipe rot in the top of the post, and butt rot not to exceed five percent of the area of the butt will be permitted. Season checks which penetrate more than 1/4 the diameter of the posts at the point measured or which are more than 1/4 in. (6 mm) in width will not be permitted. The post shall be free from short or reverse bends. One-way sweep or crook will be permitted, provided it does not exceed 2 in. (50 mm) measured at its maximum deviation. Timber and Preservative Treatment Art. 1007.13
1007.10 Bracing Stakes. Stakes for bracing trees and shrubs shall be of any
species of wood which are durable and of sufficient strength to satisfactorily withstand driving.
a.Dimensions. For round stakes, the tip diameter shall be not less than 1 3/4 in. (44 mm) nor more than 2 1/2 in. (63 mm), and the butt diameter shall not exceed 3 in. (75 mm). Sawed stakes shall be not less than 1 3/4 in. (44 mm) nor more than 2 in. (50 mm) in width and thickness. The stakes shall be 8 ft (2.4 m) in length; a variation of 2 in. (50 mm) will be permitted.
b.Quality. The stakes shall be cut from sound timber. They shall contain no decayed knots, except that small pith knots will be permitted. The diameter of sound knots shall not exceed 1/2 the diameter of the stake at the point where they occur. They shall be free from excess twist of grain, excessive ring shake, and rot, except that in round stakes, pipe rot in the tip of the stakes which does not exceed 1/2 in. (13 mm) in diameter, and butt rot which does not exceed five percent of the area of the butt will be permitted. Season checks shall not penetrate more than 1/4 the diameter of the stake. The stakes shall be free from short or reverse bends. One-way sweep or crook will be permitted provided it does not exceed 3 in. (75 mm) measured at its maximum deviation. No more than ten percent of the number of stakes in any lot shall contain the maximum crook or butt rot. The stakes shall be peeled of all outer bark, and all knots and branches shall be cut flush with the surface. The stakes shall be sharpened for driving and the opposite ends cut square.
1007.11 Woven Wire Fence Posts and Braces. The posts and braces shall
be of southern pine or Douglas fir.
a.Dimensions. The dimensions of the posts and braces will be as shown in the contract. They may be either round or rectangular and if rectangular, they may be rough sawn or surfaced to standard dimensions.
b.Quality. The posts and braces shall have all the bark removed; knots and projections trimmed flush with the surface; and shall be sound and free from decay, excessive twist of grain, unsound knots or knots in groups, or any structural defects. Knots in the posts shall not exceed 1 1/2 in. (38 mm) in size.
1007.12 Preservative Treatment. Preservative treatment shall be according to
AASHTO M 133, except Copper Azole (CA-B and CBA-A) and ACQ (Type B, C, and D) shall not be used for sign posts. All fasteners used with treated wood products shall be stainless steel according to Article 1006.29(d) or hot-dip galvanized according to AASHTO M 232, Class C, except the minimum weight (mass) of zinc coating shall be 2.0 oz/sq ft (610 g/sq m).
1007.13 Handling and Storage. Handling and storage of lumber items shall
be as specified in AWPA Standard M4. Art. 1007.13 Structural Steel Coatings Treated material shall be placed in a position as to facilitate thorough drainage of any preservative remaining on the material. AWPA Standard M4 shall be used for repair of cuts and abrasions and treatment of bored holes. Three brush coats of the repair material shall be used. Each coat shall be allowed to dry before the next coat is applied. Treated material which is otherwise satisfactory may be rejected if coated with dirt. When material is stored for an extended length of time, the material shall be protected from the weather. SECTION 1008. STRUCTURAL STEEL COATINGS
1008.01 Sampling, Testing, Acceptance, and Certification. Structural steel
coatings shall be on the Department’s qualified product list and be according to the following.
a.Qualification Samples and Tests. The manufacturer shall supply to an independent test laboratory and to the Department, duplicate samples of the structural steel coating for evaluation. Prior to approval and use, the manufacturer shall submit a notarized certification of the independent laboratory, together with results of all tests, stating that this material meets the requirements as set forth herein. The certified test report shall state the lot tested, manufacturer's name, product name, and date of manufacture. New certified tests results and samples for testing by the Department shall be submitted anytime the manufacturing process or paint formulation is changed. All costs of testing (other than tests conducted by the Department) shall be borne by the manufacturer.
b.Acceptance Samples and Certification. A 1 qt (1 L) sample of each lot of paint produced for use on State or local agency projects shall be submitted to the Department for testing, together with a manufacturer's certification. The certification shall state that the formulation for the lot represented is essentially identical to that used for qualification testing. All acceptance samples shall be taken by a representative of the Department. The structural steel coating shall not be used until tests are completed and they have met the requirements as set forth herein.
c.Packaging and Labeling. Each container shall have a label clearly showing the manufacturer, product name, lot number, date of manufacture, and shelf life. The label shall also include complete instructions for use of the product. The container shall be coated, if necessary, to prevent attack by the paint components.
1008.02 Inorganic Zinc-Rich Primer. Inorganic zinc-rich primer is a solvent-
based, multiple component, self-curing alkyl silicate zinc-rich paint which cures without use of a separate curing solution and is for use only on blast-cleaned steel. The primer shall be applied by spray with only limited application by brush. The inorganic zinc-rich primer shall be according to AASHTO M 300 Type I. The Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) shall not exceed 2.8 lb/gal (340 g/L) for both shop and field painting as applied when tested according to ASTM D 3960.
Referenced in this section
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Source: Illinois Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 815–819 of 1,217. View official source ↗