Reflectors Art. 1097.02 Minimum Specific Intensity (candelas/footcandle (candelas/lux)) Color Incidence Angle 0º 20º Crystal 1.0 (0.09) 0.4 (0.04) Amber 0.6 (0.06) 0.2 (0.02) The marker color(s) shall be as specified in the plans. SECTION 1097. REFLECTORS
1097.01 General. Reflectors shall meet the following criteria and shall be on
the Department’s qualified product list. Reflectors shall be constructed of methyl methacrylate (acrylic) plastic and shall have a smooth face free of cracks and checks. The rear surface of the lens shall provide reflectivity by a prismatic configuration such that it will affect total retrodirective internal reflection of light incident to the lens surface without the necessity of any plating or separate reflector. The manufacturer's trademark shall be molded in the face of the reflector lens or on the reflector body so it is visible after installation. The reflectors shall be the color specified in the plans and shall be ready for mounting. The manufacturing quality of reflectors will be tested as follows.
a.Sealing. Submerge one reflector in a water bath at room temperature. Subject the submerged reflector to a vacuum of 5 in. (125 mm) gauge for five minutes. Restore atmospheric pressure and leave the reflector submerged for five minutes. The reflector shall show no evidence of water intake.
b.Heat Resistance. Place three reflectors in a circulating air oven for four hours at 125 ºF (52 ºC) for non-centermounted reflectors and 150 ºF (66 ºC) for centermounted reflectors. The reflectors shall be placed in a horizontal position on a grid or perforated shelf permitting free air circulation. At the conclusion of the test, the reflectors shall be removed from the oven and permitted to cool in air to room temperature. The reflectors shall show no significant change in shape and general appearance when compared with unexposed control reflectors.
1097.02 Guardrail and Barrier Wall Reflectors. Guardrail and barrier wall
reflectors shall be according to the following.
a.Type A Reflectors. Type A reflectors shall be according to Article 1097.03, except for the addition of a metal L-bracket. One side of the L-bracket shall be securely fastened to the reflector with an aluminum rivet. The other side of the the L-bracket shall have a slot to receive a mounting bolt. The L-bracket shall be fabricated from 12 gauge (2.75 mm) steel and galvanized according to AASHTO M 111 (M 111M). Art. 1097.02 Reflectors
b.Type B Reflectors. Type B reflectors shall be according to Article 1097.03, except for the addition of a plastic mounting bracket. The plastic mounting bracket shall be made of high impact polycarbonate approved by the Department.
c.Type C Reflectors. Type C reflectors shall consist of either a molded reflective surface or a flexible reflective sheeting face with a rectangular or trapezoidal shape. The unit shall have a minimum of 8 sq in. (5160 sq mm) of effective reflective area.
1.Molded Type C Reflectors. Each molded Type C reflector shall have a coefficient of luminous intensity that equals or exceeds the values in the following table regardless of reflector orientation. Minimum Specific Intensity (Candlepower per Footcandle (candelas/lux)) Color Incidence Angle 0º 20º 35º Crystal 60 (5.6) 55 (5.1) 7 (0.6) Amber 36 (3.3) 33 (3.1) 5 (0.5)
2.Flexible Reflective Sheeting Type C Reflectors. Flexible reflective sheeting Type C reflectors shall be fabricated using Type AP, Type AZ, or Type ZZ reflectorized sheeting according to Article 1091.03 and meet the minimum coefficients of retroreflection for “white” and “yellow” specified therein. The sheeting shall adhere securely to the bracket at temperatures of -30 ºF to +160 ºF (-34 ºC to +71 ºC) and shall not crack when struck at -10 ºF (-23 ºC). The base material shall be fabricated from high impact thermoplastic, polycarbonate, nylon, or other approved material which shall not shatter or crack under impact at temperatures of -30 ºF (-34 ºC).
1097.03 Reflectors for Delineators. Reflectors for delineators shall be circular
in shape with a central mounting hole. The lens shall have a reflective area of at least 8 sq in. (5160 sq mm). The housing of the reflector shall be either plastic or aluminum.
a.Plastic Housing. The back side of the reflector shall be protected by a plastic back fused to the lens under heat and pressure around the entire perimeter and the center mounting hole. The center mounting hole shall have an inside diameter of 3/16 in. (5 mm).
b.Aluminum Housing. The back side of the reflector shall be protected by a plastic coated metallic foil back, and be housed in 0.020 in. (0.5 mm) aluminum, formed to retain the reflector. The housing shall be provided with two embossed circular reinforcement ribs. An aluminum grommet with a 3/16 in. (5 mm) inside diameter shall be expanded within the reflector mounting hole. Reflectors Art. 1097.04 The coefficient of luminous intensity of each reflector shall equal or exceed the values in the following table regardless of reflector orientation. Divergence Angle Entrance Angle Intensity Candlepower per Footcandle (candelas/lux) Crystal Amber 0.2° 0° 120 (11.1) 72 (6.7) 0.2° 20° 70 (6.6) 42 (3.9)
1097.04 Curb Reflectors. Curb reflectors shall provide a reflective area
between 1 1/2 sq in. (940 sq mm) and 2 sq in. (1250 sq mm). The base of the reflector shall be designed for adhesive mounting. The unit shall support an 800 lb (360 kg) load. This will be tested by placing the unit on a flat plate and slowly applying the load by means of another plate evenly to the entire top flat surface of the unit. Breakage or significant deformation of the unit shall constitute failure. The coefficient of luminous intensity of each reflector shall equal or exceed the values in the following table regardless of reflector orientation. Divergence Angle Entrance Angle Intensity Candlepower per Footcandle (candelas/lux) Crystal Amber 0.2º 0º 14 (1.3) 11 (1.0) 0.2º +5º * 14 (1.3) 11 (1.0) 0.2º +10º * 9 (0.8) 7 (0.7) 0.2º +20º * 5 (0.5) 7 (0.4) * Traffic side Art. 1101.01 General Equipment
Division 1100 — Equipment
SECTION 1101. GENERAL EQUIPMENT All equipment utilized in the removal of roadway surfaces or waterproofing membranes shall meet, and shall be operated in compliance with a visual emission limitation of 30 percent opacity or Ringleman 1 for a period not longer than one minute and for not more than four minutes in the aggregate in any 60 minute period.
1101.01 Rollers. No roller shall be used that has in any way been thrown out
of its original balance by the application of attachments. All bearings shall be tight.
a.Pneumatic-Tired Rollers. The roller shall consist of not less than nine pneumatic tires revolving on two axles. The tires on the front and rear wheels shall be staggered so that they will cover the entire area over which the roller travels. Under working conditions, the roller shall develop a compression of not less than 300 lb/in. (53 N/mm) width of tire tread.
b.Heavy Pneumatic-Tired Rollers. The roller shall have a gross weight (mass) of not less than 25 tons (23 metric tons) and shall consist of not less than four pneumatic-tired wheels revolving in one transverse line. The width of the roller shall be not less than 8 ft (2.4 m), and it shall be constructed in two or more sections in such a manner that each section is free to oscillate or move independently. Under working conditions, the roller shall develop a compression of not less than 650 lb/in. (114 N/mm) width of tire tread.
c.Self-Propelled Pneumatic-Tired Roller. The roller shall be of the oscillating wheel type consisting of not less than seven pneumatic-tired wheels revolving on two axles, and capable of being ballasted to the weight (mass) required. The tires on the front and rear wheels shall be staggered so that the tire sidewalls will have a minimum overlap of 1/2 in. (13 mm). The roller shall provide for a smooth operation when starting, stopping or reversing direction. The tires shall withstand inflation pressures between 60 and 120 psi (415 and 825 kPa). The roller shall be equipped with an adequate scraping or cleaning device on each tire to prevent the accumulation of material on the tires. When used for the compaction of hot-mix asphalt (HMA), the roller shall be equipped with a water system which will keep all tires uniformly wet to prevent material pickup. The Contractor shall provide means for determining the weight (mass) of the roller as distributed on each wheel. Ballast shall be included in determining the weight (mass).
d.Tamping Rollers. The roller shall have a minimum weight (mass) of 90 lb/in. (16 N/mm) width of drum, and each individual tamper shall develop a compression of not less than 100 psi (690 kPa) of its tamping face area. The width of the tamping roller shall be not less than 8 ft (2.4 m), and it shall be constructed in two or more sections in such a manner that each section is
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Source: Illinois Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 1138–1141 of 1,217. View official source ↗