SECTION 810 PIPE AND PIPE ARCHES
810.01 DESCRIPTION. This section covers the various types of pipe and pipe arches
for use on highway projects.
810.02 APPROVAL. Select pipe or pipe arches supplied by a producer that is listed on
the List of Approved Materials. All producers of pipe and pipe arches must conform to KM 115. These requirements may be obtained from the Division of Materials.
810.03 Reinforced Concrete Pipe.
810.03.01 Pipe Class.
A.Circular. Furnish circular reinforced concrete pipe conforming to AASHTO M 170 for Class I, Class II, Cla ss III, Class IV, and Class V. Furnish a D-load pipe conforming to AASHTO M 242 when specified in the Contract.
B.Elliptical. Furnish horizontal and vertical elliptical reinforced concrete pipe conforming to AASHTO M 207 for Class HE-A, Class HE-I, Class HE-II, Class HE-III, Class HE-IV, Class VE-V, Class VE-VI, Class V-II, Class VE-III, and Class VE-IV.
C.Arch . Furnish reinforced concrete pipe arch conforming to AASHTO M 206 for Class A-II, Class A-III, and Class A-IV.
810.03.02 Aggregates. Conform to Section 804 and 805.
810.03.03 Cement. Use any type conforming to Section 801.
810.03.04 Concrete. Submit concrete mix designs to Central Office Materials.
810.03.05 Extra Protection. Furnish concrete pipe with extra protection to inhibit
corrosion when required by the Standard Drawings for culvert pipe, storm sewer pipe, and entrance pipe. Furnish concrete pipe with extra protection for all other types of pipe when specified in the Contract. Use reinforced concrete pipe conforming to Subsection 810.03.01 A) for Classes III, IV, and V; Subsection 810.03.01 B) for Classes HE-II, HE-III, HE-IV, VE-II, VE-III, and VE-IV; and Subsection 810.03.01 C) for Classes A-II, A-III, and A-IV. Use concrete having a minimum compressive strength of 6,000 psi at the time of acceptance. Use Wall B or Wall C as necessary. When using one line of reinforcement, place it 1/2 of the shell thickness from the inner surface of the pipe. When using 2 lines of reinforcement, place each line so that the nominal protective covering of concrete is one inch from the outer surface of the pipe and 1 3/4 inches from the inner surface. The Department will allow a variation tolerance of ± 1/2 inch with a minimum protective covering of one inch from the inner surface in all cases.
810.03.06 Identification and Markings. Mark pipe sections according to AASHTO M
170 or M 207 as applicable for identification. For a ll pipe sizes greater than 30 inch diameter, mark the inside wall with a stencil identifying the class of pipe. The Stencil identification shall be placed at the top of the inside wall (out of flow line) and shall be a minimum of 3 inches in height. Additionally, mark “EP” on each section of pipe manufactured by the extra protection requirements. Provide shipment approval form containing the following information:
1.Project Number and county.
2.Name of Contractor.
3.The size, class, and quantity of pipe shipped. 810-1
4.The dates of manufacture of the pipe.
5.A signed statement that the pipe is from a tested and approved lot. The Engineer will check pipe joints to determine if the information on the approval form or shipping ticket corresponds to the pipe actually received. Correct all discrepancies before using pipe.
810.03.07 Defects. The Department will reject pipe for any of the following reasons.
1.Exposed steel in walls, fractures or cracks passing through the wall, except for a single end crack that does not exceed the depth of the joint.
2.Defects that indicate imperfect proportioning, mixing, or molding.
3.Surface defects indicating honey-combed or open texture.
4.Damaged or cracked ends that prevent a satisfactory joint.
5.A continuous crack, regardless of its position in the wall of the pipe, having a surface width of 0.01-inch or more and extending 12 inches or more.
6.Incorrect steel placement or inadequate steel quantity in reinforced concrete pipes
810.04 Corrugated Metal Pipe.
810.04.01 Coating Requirements. Use asphalt coating and paving as extra protection
to inhibit corrosion for the pH values shown on the Standard Drawings for culvert pipe, storm sewer pipe and entrance pipe. Coat and pave sanitary sewer pipe and all other pipe when specified in the Contract. Coat and pave the invert according to Subsection 806.06. Use asphalt material conforming to Subsection 806.06. Coat and pave the pipe according to AASHTO M 190. Use polymer precoated galvanized corrugate metal pipe when the pH is greater than 9 or less than 5 according to the Standard Drawings. Manufacture according to AASHTO M 245, with a minimum grade of 10/10. Fabricate the sheets into pipe sections according to AASHTO M 36. The Department will allow exceptions for coating on storm sewer pipe and entrance pipe as specified in the Standard Drawings.
810.04.02 Inlet and Outlet Requirements. Finish all pipe ends in a neat manner to
allow safe handling and contact with the pipe. Unless the pipe is asphalt coated, paint the ends with inorganic zinc primer. When using 14 gauge or thinner sheets to fabricate helical lockseam or welded seam pipe, reroll the in let and outlet end with at least 4 complete corrugations. Match mark all pipe that is 54 inches or larger in diameter.
810.04.03 Pipe Type. Furnish steel pipe conforming to AASHTO M 36 and aluminum
alloy pipe conforming to AASHTO M 196 for types shown below:
A.Circular. Type I or Type IR.
B.Arch. Type II or Type IIR.
C.Underdrain. Type III.
810.04.04 Coupling Bands. Furnish bands with annular or helical corrugation
conforming to AASHTO M 36 and the requirements of 701.03.05.
810.04.05 Slotted Drain Pipe. Furnish pipe according to Subsection 810.04.03 A)
with the addition of a grate assembly to provide openings in the top of the pipe as specified in the Plans. Apply asphalt coating after slotted drain pipe is fabricated. Provide material for slotted drain pipe from a supplier on the Department’s List of Approved Materials. Furnish one of the following types of grate assemblies:
A.Type I. The grate assembly is fabricated from structural steel, galvanized 810-2 according to AASHTO M 111 after fabrication, and forms a continuous drain slot when 2 or more joints of pipe are banded together.
B.Type II. The grate assembly is fabricated from 14 gauge steel, galvanized according to AASHTO M 218, and laterally supported by a minimum of one foot, measured laterally, of concrete on each side.
810.04.06 Defects. The Department will reject pipe for any of the following reasons.
1.Variation from centerline.
2.Elliptical shape in pipe intended to be round.
3.Dents or bends in the metal.
4.Lack of rigidity.
5.Low asphalt coating thickness on coated pipe.
6.Cracks or lack of coating adhesion on coated pipe.
7.Insufficient coating to provide a smooth level flow line on fully lined pipe and pipe with a paved invert.
8.Paved sections with less than 25 percent coverage of the pipe circumference.
810.05 Smooth Metal Pipe.
810.05.01 Cast Iron Pressure Pipe. Conform to ASTM A 377.
810.05.02 Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe for Bridge Floor Drains. Furnish 6-
inch diameter round standard weight pipe conforming to ASTM A 53, ASTM A 500, or ASTM A 501 with a minimum wall thickness of 0.28 inches.
810.05.03 Black and Hot-Dipped Galvanized Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe for
Ordinary Uses. Furnish pipe conforming to ASTM A 53 of the size and weight specified in the Contract. The Department will allow plain or threaded end finish.
810.05.04 Aluminum Alloy Extruded Structural Pipe. For pipe with internal
connections, conform to ASTM B 221, Schedule 40, Alloy 6063-T52 for railing and ASTM B210, Schedule 40, Alloy 6063-T832 for posts. For pipe with welded connections, conform to ASTM B221, Schedule 40, Alloy 6061- T6 or ASTM B210, Schedule 40, Alloy 6061-T6.
810.06 Thermoplastic Pipe.
810.06.01 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe.
A.Pipe Underdrain. Furnish perforated pipe for underdrains conforming to AASHTO M 304. Ensure all fittings and pipe are made from the same base material. Submit a manufacturer’s certification that the pipe conforms to AASHTO M 304 to the Division of Materials annually. Use integral bell and spigot type joints with elastomeri c seal joints and smooth inner walls.
B.Culvert Pipe, Storm Sewer, and Entrance Pipe. Furnish pipe and pipe fittings conforming to AASHTO M 304. Manufacture from low filler PVC plastic having a minimum ASTM 1784 cell classification of 12454. Use pipe fittings furnished by the pipe manufacturer.
C.Sliplining Pipe (Rehabilitation). Furnish pipe conforming to ASTM F949. Manufacture from low filler PVC plastic having a minimum ASTM 1784 cell classification of 12454B or 12454C. Use integral bell and spigot type joints with a STAB-JOINT bell coupler filling flush with the outer wall surface. 810-3
810.06.02 Corrugated High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipe .
A.Pipe Underdrain. Furnish perforated pipe for underdrains conforming to AASHTO M 252. Use only Type S for edge drain outlet pipe. Use caps, bands, and other fittings that are of the same material as the pipe. Submit a manufacturer’s certification that the pipe conforms to AASHTO M 252 to the Division of Materials annually. Use a length that minimizes the number of joints in a run or line and facilitates shipment, handling, and installation. Use snap-in- place bands or a split band taped in place with polyethylene tape for pipe-to-pipe connections as the Engineer directs. Cap remote ends with a snap-in-place cap. Use non-perforated pipe when specified in the Contract or when the Engineer directs.
B.Culvert Pipe, Storm Sewer, and Entrance Pipe. Provide pipe from a manufacturer that participates in the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) for HDPE Pipe. Ensure the pipe and pipe fittings conform to AASHTO M 294, Type S or D. Use pipe fittings furnished by the pipe manufacturer. Use pipe couplings conforming to AASHTO M 294 and that are Department approved. When corrugations are spiral, use match marks, specially cut ends, or other acceptable methods to facilitate alignment of the corrugations at connections. Provide a minimum gap between adjacent sections of pipe. Submit a manufacturer’s certification that the pipe conforms to resin requirements of AASHTO M 294 to the Division of Materials annually. Provide certification from the manufacturer with each shipment that the pipe conforms to AASHTO M 294. Use only Department approved pipe. The Department will perform all sampling and testing deemed necessary, either at the plant or on the project.
810.06.03 Corrugated Polypropylene (PP) Pipe. Furnish pipe from a manufacturer
that participates in the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) for PP Pipe and is included on the List of Approved Materials. Ensure the pipe and pipe fittings conform to AASHTO M 330, Type S or D. Use pipe fittings furnished by the pipe manufacturer. Elastomeric gaskets shall comply with the requirements specified in ASTM F477. Use pipe couplings conforming to AASHTO M 330 and that are Department approved. Submit a manufacturer’s certification that the pipe conforms to resin requirements of AASHTO M 330 to the Division of Materials annually. Provide certification from the manufacturer with each shipment that the pipe conforms to AASHTO M 330. 810-4 SECTION 811 STEEL REINFORCEMENT
811.01 CLASSIFICATION AND CONDITION. This specification covers bars,
welded steel wire fabrics, bar mats, steel wi re, prestressing strands, and load transfer assemblies. Ensure that these materials, when incorporated into the work, are reasonably free from dirt, paint, oil, grease, loose-thick rust, or other foreign substance and, when deemed necessary, are cleaned to the satisfactio n of the Engineer. The Department will not require cleaning when these materials exhibit tight, thin, or powdery rust. Reject reinforcement rusted sufficiently to cause it to fail specified physical properties or prestressing strands displaying pits visible to the naked eye.
811.02 BARS. For all bar reinforcement use Grade 60 deformed bars except as indicated
for the following items:
A.JPC Pavement Tie Bars, Paved Ditches, St eps, Flume Inlets, Integral Curb, Right- of-Way Markers, Transverse Bars for Bar Mats, Piles, Cribbing, Small Drainage Structures, Pipe Headwalls, or Manhole Tops. Use Grade 40, 50, or 60 deformed bars.
B.Steel Piling Encasement and Spiral Reinforcement for Precast (non-prestressed) Piling. Use Grade 40, 50 or 60 plain or deformed bars.
C.Spiral Reinforcement (excluding piles). Use Grade 60 deformed or plain bars.
811.02.01 Requirements. Furnish bar reinforcement for bridges, cast-in-place
culverts, and cast-in-place retaining walls that conforms to ASTM A 615 (billet) or ASTM A 996 (rail). ASTM A 706 steel is acceptable with prior approval of the Division of Materials. Do not weld any steel bar reinforcement unless it is ASTM A 706 rebar. The Engineer will accept anrail steel bar reinforcement in straight lengths only. Do not use rail steel reinforcement where field bending is allowed or required. Furnish bar reinforcement for other uses that conform to either ASTM A 706 (weldable), ASTM A 615 (billet), ASTM A 996 (rail), or ASTM A 617 (axel).
811.02.02 Testing and Acceptance. Identify all shipments of steel reinforcement by
the producer’s heat or test identification numbers. Obtain bar reinforcement from manufacturers included on the Department’s List of Approved Materials. To be included on this list, Fabricators shall conform to KM 64-101 and shall participate in the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) for Reinforcing Steel. Current data must be posted in NTPEP DataMine.
811.03 HOOK BOLTS AND ANCHOR BOLTS. Conform to the design and
dimensions provided in the Standard Drawings. Furnish hook tie-bolts that, when assembled as a unit, are capable of sustai ning an axial load of 14,000 pounds or greater.
811.04 PLAIN WELDED WIRE REINFORCEMENT (WWR). Conform to ASTM
A 1064.
811.05 DEFORMED WELDED WIRE REINFORCEMENT. Conform to ASTM A
1064.
811.06 BAR MATS. Conform to ASTM A 184 and fabricate by welding deformed
Grade 60 weldable bars.
811.07 STEEL WIRE. Conform to AASHTO M 32.
811.08 PRESTRESSING STRANDS. Ensure that Uncoated Seven-Wire Stress
Relieved Strand for Prestressed Concrete conforms to AASHTO M 203, Grade 270 or low 811-1
Source: Kentucky Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2019 Edition. Pages 579–582 of 718.