10-31 Section 1004. Portland Cement Concrete Mixtures
1004.01. Description Concrete must consist of a mixture specified by the grade of concrete of portland cement or blended portland cement; fine aggregate; intermediate aggregate, when required or permitted; coarse aggregate; water; and admixture, when required or permitted. 1004.02. Materials Provide materials in accordance with the following: Portland Cement ................................................................................... 901 Slag Cement ......................................................................................... 901 Fly Ash .................................................................................................. 901 Coarse Aggregate 6A, 6AA, 6AAA, 26A, 29A, 17A .............................. 902 Intermediate Aggregate ......................................................................... 902 Fine Aggregate 2NS, 2SS .................................................................... 902 Concrete Admixtures ............................................................................. 903 Water .................................................................................................... 911 Select aggregates for the required grade of concrete in accordance with Table 1004-1. Stone sand 2SS is not permitted in concrete exposed to vehicular traffic. 1004.03. General Requirements
A.Mix Design and Documentation . Design concrete mixtures meeting the requirem ents of Table 1004-1 . Provide the grade of concrete for the section number reference application specified in Table 1004 -1 or as specified in the contract . Concrete grades ending in HP signify high-performance concrete. Variance requests must be submitted in writing and must include the mix design, JMF, and associated trial batch verification test data . Do not use a grade of concrete with a specified 28-day compressive strength different from what is designated for the application.
B.Cementitious Materials Co ntent . Type III cement is not permitted. Use combined weight of total cementitious materials when determining compliance with the water -cementitious ratio and cementitious material requirements. All high-performance concrete requires 25 to 40% replacement of portland cement with supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) . For all other grades of concrete, replac ing portland cement with SCM is permitted. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, do not exceed a total of 40% MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 1004
10-32 replacement by weight of portlan d cement with SCMs . Acceptable SCMs
are listed in subsections 901.06, 901.07, and 901.08.
C.Optimized Aggregate . Optimized aggregate gradation is required for high-performance concrete and concrete mixtures that are placed using a pump. Concrete mixtures for tremie and drilled shaft applications do not require optimized aggregate gradation. Prepare the optimized aggregate gradation and perform process control according to the procedure for optimized aggregate gradation in the contract. Aggregates for mixture requiring optimized aggregate gradation must meet the physical requirements specified in subsection 902.03.C . The physical requirements for aggregates used in concrete mixtures for all other applications are according to the contract. When high-performance concrete is specified in the contract, provide Grade 3500HP for mainline pavement, shoulder, miscellaneous pavement (including ramps), concrete pavement overlay applications, and bridge substructure applications; Grade 4500HP for bridge deck a pplications; and either concrete Grade 3500HP or 4500HP for bridge approach slab applications . The Engineer may approve Grade 3500HP or 4500HP for other applications. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, concrete mixtures with optimized aggregate gradation may be used instead of standard concrete mixtures, as approved by the Engineer.
D.Air Content . Air-entrained concrete is required unless otherwise specified. The percent age of air in fresh concrete must meet the requirements of Table 1004-1 . The Engineer will allow non-air -entrained concrete for use in steel piles that are not subject to freezing. Use ASTM C231/C231M or ASTM C173/C173M to determine the air content of normal weight concrete. Use ASTM C173/C173M to determine the air content of lightweight concrete and concrete containing highly porous aggregates.
E.Consistency . Determine consistency using the slump test in ASTM C143/C143M . Ensure that slump does not exceed the specifications in Table 1004-1.
F.Concrete Admixtures. Unless otherwis e specified in the contract, concrete admixtures must be selected from the Qualified Products List . The different types of admixtures are listed in subsection 903.02. For night casting, a water -reducing admixture may be used instead of a water -reducing retarding admixture as long as the concrete can be placed MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 1004
10-33 and finished in the sequence specified on the plans prior to initial set, the
concrete is not subjected to residual vibration, and the concrete is not within the areas influenced by dead load deflections as a result of adjacent concrete placement operations . When the maximum air temperature is not forecasted to exceed 60°F for the day, the Contractor may use a water -reducing admixture or a water -reducing retarding admixture. Ensure that concrete in concrete diaphragms contains a water -reducing admixture or a water -reducing retarding admixture. Set accelerating admixtures are prohibited unless otherwise specified in the contract. De-foaming (air detraining) admixtures are prohibited.
G.Concrete Temperature. Use ASTM C1064/C1064M to determine concrete temperature. 1004.04. Measurement and Payment The cost of PCC is included in unit prices for related pay items. The Engineer ’s QA t est results will be used to determine the pay factor and price adjustments . The Contractor ’s QC will not be used for pay factor and price adjustments. Pay factor and price adjustments will be applied according to the contract. MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 1004
10-34 Table 1004- 1:
Concrete Mixtures Concrete Grade 3000 3500 3500HP(a),(b) 4000 4000HP(a),(b) 4500 4500HP(a),(b) M X Compressive strength (psi) 7 day 2200 2600 2600 3000 3000 3200 3200 Commercial - grade concrete containing 517 lb/cyd. Portland cement may be replaced with an SCM. Unless otherwise specified, Grade X concrete contains 282 lb/cyd of cement. 28 day 3000 3500 3500 4000 4000 4500 4500 70% 2100 2450 2450 2800 2800 3150 3150 Flexural strength (psi) 7 day 500 550 550 600 600 625 625 28 day 600 650 650 700 700 750 750 70% 420 455 455 490 490 525 525 Slump (in ch) (c)–(f) (c)–(k) (c)–(k) (l)–(n) (l)–(n) (d)–(f) (e)–(f) Cementitious material content (lb/cyd) 489–517 517–611(o) 470–564(o) 517–611 517–611 517–658 517–658 Class of coarse aggregate (p)–(r) Maximum w/cm ratio 0.45 Air content r ange 5.5 – 8.5% Section reference 402, 403, 602, 803, 804, 806, 808, 810, 813, 814, 819 401, 602, 603, 705, 706, 712, 713, 718, 801, 802, 803, 810, 819 401, 602, 603, 706, 712, 713, 718, 801, 802, 803, 810, 819 705, 922 705, 922 706, 711, 712 706, 711, 712 N/A N/A MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 1004
10-35 HP = high performance
a.HP mixtures require optimized gradation meeting subsection 1004.03.C.
b.HP mixtures require 25 to 40% replacement of portland cement with an SCM.
c.0- to 3-inch slump for mixtures for pavements.
d.0- to 3-inch slump without admixtures or with Type A or D admixture.
e.0- to 6-inch slump after the addition of Type MR admixture.
f.0- to 7-inch slump after the addition of Type F or G admixture.
g.3- to 7-inch slump for tremie applications without admixture or with Type A or D admixture.
h.3- to 7-inch slump for tremie applications after the addi tion of Type MR admixture.
i.3- to 8-inch slump for tremie applications after the addition of Type F or G admixture.
j.6- to 8-inch slump for dry placed drilled shafts.
k.7- to 9-inch slump for wet placed drilled shafts.
l.3- to 5-inch slump witho ut admixtures or with Type A or D admixture.
m.3- to 6-inch slump after the addition of Type MR admixture.
n.3- to 7-inch slump after the addition of Type F or G admixture.
o.For concrete pavement repair mixtures, use 658 lb/cyd of cement when the we ather is forecast to be above 50°F or 752 lb/cyd when the weather is forecast to be 50°F or below.
p.Use aggregates only from geologically natural sources for pavement, shoulder, miscellaneous pavement (including ramps), concrete pavement overlay, bridge approach slab, structural concrete, drilled shaft, bridge railing, and bridge sidewalk applications.
q.Unless otherwise required, use Coarse Aggregate 6AA or 17A for exposed structural concrete in bridges, retaining walls, and pump stations.
r.The fle xural and compressive strengths are not part of the specifications but are listed for informational purposes only and are the minimum strengths anticipated for the mix proportions specified for the various grades of concrete when cured under standard condi tions.
Source: Michigan Standard Specifications for Construction, 2020 Edition. Pages 1069–1073 of 1,146.