307Lime Treated Courses

305.04 Method of Measurement . Processing for in-grade modification will be

measured by the square yard, st ation, or mile, as designated. Stabilizer aggregates of the type or size specified will be measured by the cubic yard (LVM) or by the ton, as indicated in the bi d schedule of the contract. No measurement for payment for water will be made. When the method of measurement is by the ton, measurement will be made on the dry unit weight basis at the point of weighing. The moisture determination for computing the dry unit weight will be made in accordance w ith the methods set out in Subsection 700.03 at least once a day, and as many additional times as the Engineer deems necessary.

305.05 Basis of Payment . Processing for in-grade modification will be paid for at the

contract unit price per unit specified. Stabilizer aggregate will be paid for at the contract unit price per unit specified, which price shall be full compensation for completing the work. Payment will be made under: 305-A: Processing for In-Grade Modification - per square yard, station, or mile 305-B: Size __ Stabilizer Aggregate, Coarse - per cubic yard or ton 305-C: Stabilizer Aggr egate, Shell - per cubic yard or ton 305-D: Stabilizer Aggregate, Me dium - per cubic yard or ton 305-E: Stabilizer Aggregate, Fi ne - per cubic yard or ton SECTION 307 - LIME TREATED COURSES

307.01 Description . This work consists of constructing one or more courses of a

mixture of soil, hydrated lime and water, or a mixture of soil and hydrated lime slurry in accordance with these specifications and in r easonably close confor mity with the lines, grades, thicknesses, and typical cross sections shown on the plans or established by the Engineer. When lime slurry is used the Contractor shall mix hydrated lime with water to produce lime slurry or, at the Contractor’s option, produce lime slurry at the job site by the use of equipment specifically manufact ured for the slaking of quick lime. The use of quick lime by the dry applicatio n method will not be allowed unless the lime meets the requirements of Subsection 714.03.3.2 for Dry Quick Lime. The work shall include preparation of the roadbed, incorporation of lime or lime slurry, and processing to the proper grade, secti on and density in accord ance with one of the following methods: Class A lime treatment shall consist of spreading and incorpor ating the specified percentage of lime in two increments in the following sequence: spreading the first increment, initial mixing, mellowing, spreading the second increment, final mixing, compacting, and finishing. Class B lime treatment shall consist of spreading the specified percentage of lime, initial mixing, mellowing, final mixing, compacting, and finishing. Class C lime treatment shall consist of spreading the specified percentage of lime, mixing, compacting, and finishing. Occasionally, the scheduling of co ntract lettings results in adve rtising a project before the final soil profile is available, and it is not po ssible to determine, prior to advertising, the precise class of lime treatment required. Design considerations, therefore, sometimes necessitate changing the class(es) of lime treatment in order to obtain the contemplated structural qualities without unnecessary cost. The Department reserves the right to modify by Supplemental Agreement or Quantity Adjustment the class of treatment or to elim inate lime treatment fro m certain sections or to add other sections for lime treatment depending on the results of soil tests.

307.02 Materials .

307.02.1 Materials to be Treated . The material to be treated shall consist of existing

roadbed material or material added as directed. Particles of aggregate retained on a three-inch sieve and deleterious substances such as roots, stumps, grass turfs, and other vegetable matter shall be removed from the soil. Material considered by the Engineer to be unsuitable for stabilization shall be removed and replaced with suitable material.

307.02.2 Water . Water used in this construction shall meet the requirements of

Subsection 714.01.3.

307.02.3 Lime . Lime shall be either a commercia l dry hydrated lime or a commercial

dry, granular or pelletized quick lime meeting the applicable requirements of Subsection

714.03 When bulk lime is used, the Contractor shall provide means suitable to the

Engineer for applying. The Engineer shall weigh shipments at random for verification of bulk lime quantities.

307.02.4 Curing Seals . Curing seal shall be Emulsified Asphalt, Grade EA-1, EPR-1,

AE-P, CSS-1, SS-1, CMS-2h, or MS-2h meeting the applicable requirements of Section 702.

307.02.5 Soil-Lime Design . Quantities and percentages of lime shown on the plans are

preliminary. The actual application rate will be established from tests made prior to beginning treatment. The design of soil-lime courses shall be performed by the Central Laboratory. At least 45 days prior to the proposed use of a lime course, the Contractor shall make available materials proposed for use in the mixture for sampling and testing by the Department as the Engineer may consider necessary for the establishment of a mix design. Changes in source of lime shall not be made without approval. Approval will be based on verification of a mix design.

307.03 Construction Requirements.

307.03.1 General . Quantities and percentages of lime shown on the plans and in the

proposal are based on preliminary soil investig ations and dry laboratory sample tests. The actual application rates will be established from tests made just prior to beginning treatment. The Contractor is advised that the estimated quantity of lime is based on application rates of hydrated lime. It is necessary that lime treated materials be kept moist at all times. It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to provide sufficient equipment and keep all partially constructed or completed lime stabilized layers sufficiently and continually moist until a succeeding layer has been placed thereon or until the project is released from maintenance. The first section of each mixing operation, both initial and final, will serve as a test section. The length of the test section will be determined by the capabilities of the equipment provided to perform the work, but not less than 350 linear feet nor more than 500 linear feet for the designated width. The Engineer and the Contractor will evaluate the results of the test section in relation to contract requirements. In case the Engineer determines the work is not satisfactory, the Contractor shall revise procedures and augment or replace equipment as necessary to assure work is completed in accordance with the contract and shall correct all deficien t work at no additional cost to the State. Also within the test section and only when the dry-application method of quicklime is used, a sample of the soil-lime-water mixtur e shall be taken after the completion of the mixing operation. This sample shall be taken, by the Contractor, to an independent testing laboratory to determine, using the X-ra y Diffraction Test or the Titration Analysis Test, the percent of hydration. After the co mpletion of the test section, the Contractor shall not continue operations until the results of the test sample have been determined. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with three copies of a certified test report showing that the non-hydrated content of the sample has not exceeded one percent (1.0%) of the total mix. Should the sample not meet the hydration requirements, the Contractor shall re-mix the section and add sufficient water until satisfactory results are achieved. All testing costs associated with determining the hydration efficiency of the sample(s) will be at no additional cost to the State. The Department reserves the right to make hydration verification checks of the soil-lime-water mixture at any time.

307.03.2 Equipment . The methods and equipment used in performing the work shall

conform to the requirements of Subsection 108.05. Equipment necessary for proper prosecution of the work shall be on the project and approved by the Engineer prior to its use. When bulk lime is used, the Contractor sh all provide approved mechanical spreader(s) having adjustable strike-off gate(s), or other approved spreading equipment constructed so as to provide positive control of the spread. Approval of a spreader will be contingent upon its known or demonstrated ability to make distribution of lime within the tolerances allowable. Mixing and scarifying equipment shall be capable of positive depth control. Mixing shall be performed with approved rotary-type mixers or other approved equipment. Rollers shall be of sufficient number, type , size, and weight to accomplish the required compaction. The Contractor may use approved alternate equipment provided it produces work meeting the requirements of these specifications.

307.03.3 Preparation of Grade . Before treatment, the roadbed shall be prepared in

accordance with the requirem ents of Section 321. Prior to the application of dry hydrated lime, a light windrow shall be bladed along the edges of the area to be treated, or the surface on which the lime is to be applied shall be scarified to retain the spread. Prior to the application of slurry, the full widt h of the area shall be scarified or partially pulverized to the depth necessary to retain the lime slurry until it has been incorporated. The depth of scarification shall be carefully controlled so that the surface of the roadbed below the scarified material will remain undisturbed and conform to the established cross section.

307.03.4 Application of Lime . The rate of application of lime shall be as specified. The

first application for Class A treatment shall not be made after October 15, and no lime shall be applied between November 1 and Ma rch 1 without written authorization from the Engineer. Lime shall not be applied unless the temperature in the shade is at least 40°F and is expected to remain at least 40°F during the mixing period. In no case shall lime be applied on a frozen foundation. Application of lime shall be accomplished by either an approved "dry application" or "slurry application" method. The following guide lines will govern th e acceptability of the method to be used: Dry Application . Lime applied by this method shall be spread uniformly and shall be sprinkled with sufficient water to prevent loss of lime by wind. Spreading of lime when wind and weather conditions are unfavorable will not be permitted nor will spreading of lime by motor patrol be acceptable. The Department reserves the right to check, at any time, the dispersion of quick lime dust in the atmosphere. At no time shall the atmosphere dispersion of quick lime dust exceed a rate of 30,000 µg/m 3, measured at a distance of 100 feet. Slurry Application. Lime applied by this method shall be mixed with water in approved agitation equipment and applied to the roadbed as a thin water suspension or slurry. The distributing equipment shall be equipped to provide continuous agitation of the slurry until applied on the roadbed. The proportion of lime shall be such that the "Dry Solids Content" shall be at least 30 percent by weight. The distribution of lime at the rate specified shall be attained by one or more passes over a measured section until the specified percen tage of lime has been spread. After each successive pass the material shall be inco rporated into the soil with the mixing equipment. Additional water, if necessary, shall be added and mixed into the mass to hasten mellowing. Payment will not be made for lime that has been spread and exposed for a period of six hours or more before mixing. Such areas sha ll be treated again with the full required rate of application. Additional lime shall be added at the Contractor's expense to any section on which excessive lime loss has occurred due to washing or blowing, prior to mixing. The quantity of lime applied on a section shall be spread uniformly and shall not vary more than plus or minus five percent of the quantity ordered. No payment will be made for lime application exceeding the five percent plus tolerance. When the quantity applied is deficient by more than five percent, additional lime shall be applied prior to mixing.

307.03.5 Mixing.

307.03.5 1--Initial Mixing . For Class A and Class B treatments, the lime and water shall

be incorporated uniformly into the soil. The mixing and watering operation shall be continued until a homogeneous mixture that will pass a three-inch sieve is obtained. After satisfactory mixing is obtained, the layer shall be reshaped to line, grade, and section and sealed with a light roller no later than the next day following mixing. The sealed mixture shall then mellow for the period specified in the lime mix design furnished by the Central Laboratory. The mellowing period will be measured in degree days. This period will not be less than five (5) nor more than 20 calendar days. The temperature to be used to determine the degree days mellowing period will be the average of the high and low temperatures for each day of the mellowing period. In the event the average is 40°F or less, that day will not be used in computing the degree days mellowing period. The recommended degree days for the mellowing period may be reduced by the Engineer provided pulverization during final mixing is documented by sieve analysis. During the mellowing period the partially treated course or layer shall be kept moist by sprinkling. All sections on which the su rface becomes dry during the mellowing period shall be reprocessed to the satisfaction of the Engineer or reconstructed in accordance with these specifications. For Class C treatment, the lime and water shall be incorporated uniformly into the soil. The mixing and water application shall be continued until a homogeneous mixture of which 100 percent of the material by dry weight, exclusive of gravel and stone, will pass a 1-inch sieve and 60 percent will pass a No. 4 sieve. At the completion of moist mixing and during the compaction operations, the percen tage of moisture shall be that necessary to obtain the required density. No mellowing period will be required or permitted, and compaction shall begin immediately. The mixing, water application, and final compaction shall be completed during the same work day.

307.03.5 2--Final Mixing. After the mellowing period of Classes A and B treatments, the layer shall be scarified and, in the case of Class A treatment, th e second application of

lime added. The layer shall then be remixed as prescribed in the initial mixing operations. Mixing shall continue until 100 percent of material by dry weight, exclusive of gravel and stone, will pass a 1-inch sieve and 60 percent will pass a No. 4 sieve. At the end of mixing and during compaction, the moisture in the mixture shall be that necessary to obtain the required density.

307.03.5 3--Thickness and Width Requirements . For the purpose of determining

reasonable conformity with th e designated thickness of a course, it shall be understood that the depth of a course shall not vary from the designated thickness by more than plus or minus one inch. All sections not in reas onably close conformity because of deficient thickness shall be reprocessed to meet specification requirements. All sections not in reasonably close conformity because of excess thickness shall have additional lime applied and shall be reprocessed to meet specification requirements at no additional cost to the State. For the purpose of determining reasonable co nformity with the designated width of a course, it shall be understood that the width of a course shall not vary from the designated edge lines by more than plus or minus three inches.

307.03.6 Compaction . Compaction of the mixture shall begin immediately after the

required mixing operation has been completed. Compaction shall be completed during same day it was begun and shall provide uniform and continuous compaction from bottom to top of the layer. The mixture shall be aerated or watered as necessary to provide the needed moisture content for obtaining the required density. Throughout the entire compaction operation, depressions, defective areas, and soft spots that develop shall be corrected immediately by scarifying the area, adding lime when required, or removing the material, and re shaping and compacting in accordance with these specifications at no ad ditional cost to the State. Density tests will be performed in accordance with the methods as provided in Subsections 700.03 and 700.04. Determination of acceptance of compaction of Classes A, B, and C lime treated design soil will be performed on a lot to lot basis. Each lot will be 2,500 linear feet per layer placed. At the discretion of th e Engineer, a residual portion of a lot completed during a day's operation may be considered as a separate lot or may be included in the previous or subsequent lot, except that any day's operation of less than one full lot will be considered a lot. The lot will be divided into five approximately equal sublots with one density test taken at random in each sublot. The average of th e five density tests shall equal or exceed 95.0 percent with no single density test below 91.0 percent. Sublots with a density below 91.0 percent shall be corrected at no additional cost to the State and retested for acceptance.

307.03.7 Finishing, Curing, Protection, and Maintaining . The surface of the layer

shall be smooth and conform to the lines, grades, and typical cross sections shown on the plans or established by the Engineer. Surf ace requirements shall be as specified in Subsection 321.03.7. Each complete course shall be covered with a bituminous curing seal as soon as possible but no later than 24 hours after completion. The surface shall be sealed with one of the specified bituminous materials applied by a pressure distributor at the rate of 0.10 to 0.25 gallon per square yard or as directed by the Engineer. The bituminous material shall be heated or otherwise prepared to ensure uniform distribution. Should the Contractor fail to seal the treated course within the time speci fied, the Engineer will suspend all other work and withhold payment of the current estimate( s) until all damages resulting there from is corrected and the treated course is sealed. A subsequent course shall not be placed on the sealed course for at least seven (7) calendar days. During this 7-day period, the treated course shall not be subjected to any type of traffic and equipment. The Contractor shall maintain the treated course and the curing seal in a satisfactory condition until covered by a subsequent course. Protection shall include immediate repairs of any surface irregularities or other def ects that may occur or develop. It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to control traffic and equipment loads to avoid damage and to guard against freezing of the treated material. All damage resulting from the Contractor's failure to protect and cure the treated course as specified herein or from freezing that may occur prior to being covered with the next course shall be corrected at no additional cost to the State. Lime treated courses shall be corrected by reprocessing with Class C treatment to such depth as necessary to restor e the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of the damaged material to that shown on the mix design, all at no additional cost to the State. The Contractor shall add the necessary quantity of lime, as determined by the Central Laboratory, and in no case shall it be less than two percent by weight.

307.04 Method of Measurement . Soil-lime-water mixing will be measured by the

square yard, complete in place, for each cour se designated on the plans and for which quantities have been included in the contract. If a change in the class of treatment is made , as provided in Subsection 307.0l, each class of treatment constructed will be measured separately. Lime incorporated in accepted treatment will be measured by the ton. Lime in excess of the tolerance allowable and all lime required to be furnished by the Contractor at no additional cost to the State will be deducted from measured quantities. The basis of pay for jobsite slaked lime slurry shall be the "calculated method" using the certified lime purity for each truckload as follows: Pure Quick Lime (Ca O) x 1.32 = Hydrated Lime (Ca (OH) 2) Quick Lime delivered x % purity X 1.32 = A Quick Lime delivered x % inert material x 1.0 = B A + B = Total Hydrated Lime produced (Pay Quantity) The basis of pay for quick lime by the dry application method shall be the "calculated method" using the certified lime purity for each truckload as follows: Pure Quick Lime (Ca O) x 1.32 = Hydrated Lime (Ca (OH) 2) Quick Lime delivered x % purity X 1.32 = A QUICK LIME DELIVERED X % INERT MATERIAL X 1.0 = B A + B = Total Hydrated Lime produced (Pay Quantity) Bituminous curing seal will be measured by the gallon as prescribed in Subsection

109.01 Unless otherwise specified, distributor tank measurements will be used. The volume of material over five percent above the allowed range for each shot will be

deducted from measured quantities, except that 15 percent will be allowed for irregular areas where hand spraying is necessary. The volume of all bituminous material lost, wasted, damaged, or rejected, or applied outside of designated areas, or in excess of the Engineer's directions and tolerances allowed, or contrary to the specifications, will be deducted from measured quantities. Water will not be measured for separate payment.

307.05 Basis of Payment . Soil-lime-water mixing and lime, measured as provided

above, will be paid for as follows: Soil-lime-water mixing of the class(es) specified or ordered will be paid for at the contract unit price, or adjusted unit price as provided herein, per square yard. Quantities of soil-lime-water mixing changed as ordered will be paid for at the contract unit price for soil-lime-water mixing plus or minus, as applicable, the amount indicated in the following schedule: SCHEDULE FOR 6" DEPTH (1) Class Ordered Unit Price Per Square Yard A Class B Unit Price Bid Plus $0.05 A Class C Unit Price Bid Plus $0.10 B Class A Unit Price Bid Minus $0.05 B Class C Unit Price Bid Plus $0.05 C Class A Unit Price Bid Minus $0.10 C Class B Unit Price Bid Minus $0.05 SCHEDULE FOR 8" DEPTH(1) Class Ordered Unit Price Per Square Yard A Class B Unit Price Bid Plus $0.10 A Class C Unit Price Bid Plus $0.15 B Class A Unit Price Bid Minus $0.10 B Class C Unit Price Bid Plus $0.05 C Class A Unit Price Bid Minus $0.15 C Class B Unit Price Bid Minus $0.05 SCHEDULE FOR 10" DEPTH(1) Class Ordered Unit Price Per Square Yard A Class 'B' unit price bid plus $0.15 A Class 'C' unit price bid plus $0.20 B Class 'A' unit price bid minus $0.15 B Class 'C' unit price bid plus $0.05 C Class 'A' unit price bid minus $0.20 C Class 'B' unit price bid minus $0.05

308.01 Description . This work consists of constructing one or more courses of a

mixture of cement, soil or soil aggregat e, and water in accordance with these specifications and in reasonably close conform ity with the lines, grades, and typical cross sections shown on the plans or established by the Engineer.

308.02 Materials .

308.02.1 Materials to be Treated . The materials to be treated shall consist of materials

in place or placed under this contract. 308.02.2--Water . Water shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 714.01.3.