701.01 Aggregate for Concrete
These specifications describe the quality and size of aggregate for hydraulic cement concrete pavements and bases, highway bridges, and incidental structures. The following test methods are used to evaluate the quality of aggregates for concrete: Coal and Light Particles .......................................... AASHTO T 113 Clay Lumps ............................................................. AASHTO T 112 Fineness Modulus of Fine Aggregate ...................... AASHTO M 6 Mortar-making Properties ........................................ MT 121 Organic Impurities ................................................... AASHTO T 21 Sieve Analysis for Fine and Coarse Aggregate ....... MT 202 Sulfate Soundness .................................................. AASHTO T 104 or ASTM C88 Wear Test ............................................................... AASHTO T 96 Combining Aggregate Gradations ........................... MT 122 When wear factors are specified in the contract, the term “aggregate surfacing” includes the coarse aggregate for concrete. Do not use recycled concrete aggregate unless specified in the contract.
701.01.1 Fine Aggregates for Concrete
A.General Requirements. Fine aggregate is natural sand having hard, strong, durable particles meeting the gradation requirements in Table 701-2. Other approved inert material with similar characteristics or combinations of the above materials may be used if the materials meet these specifications. Do not mix or store in the same pile fine aggregate from different sources or use alternately in the same class of construction or mix without the Project Manager’s written permission. The deleterious substances and soundness specified in Subsections 701.01.1(B) and (C) below will be waived for aggregate used in structures or portions of structures not exposed to weather.
B.Deleterious Substances. Meet the deleterious material limits in Table 701-1. TABLE 701-1 LIMITS ON DELETERIOUS MATERIAL IN FINE AGGREGATE Material Maximum % By Wt. Clay lumps and friable particles (AASHTO T 112) 3.00 Ensure that the material does not contain other deleterious material.
C.Soundness. When fine aggregate is subjected to 5 cycles of the sodium or magnesium sulfate soundness test, the total corrected loss cannot exceed: • 10% by weight for the sodium sulfate. • 15% by weight for the magnesium sulfate.
D.Organic Impurities. Aggregate subjected to the colorimetric test for organic impurities and producing a color darker than the standard will be rejected unless the aggregates 701 – AGGREGATES 2020 EDITION V5.1 701-2 pass the mortar strength test specified in Subsection 701.01.1(E). Do not use aggregates showing a darker color than that of samples originally approved for the work until tested to determine whether the increased color indicates a harmful quantity of deleterious material.
E.Mortar-making Properties. The fine aggregate, when mixed with Type I or II cement and tested using the mortar making property test, must develop at 7 days, a minimum compressive strength of 95% of the strength developed by a mortar made with the same cement in accordance with MT 121 .
F.Grading. The gradation requirements listed in Table 701-2 are the outer acceptance limits for use from all supply sources. The gradation must be uniform from any one source and not change from the low to the high gradation limits. The fineness modulus of samples taken from proposed sources must be a minimum 2.50 and a maximum 3.10 when tested in accordance with AASHTO M 6. Fine aggregate from a source with a fineness modulus variation greater than ± 0.20 from the design fineness modulus of the sample may require a concrete mix redesign. Applying the 0.20 variation does not permit the fineness modulus to be less than 2.50 or more than 3.10. TABLE 701-2 TABLE OF GRADATIONS - FINE AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Sieve Size Percent Passing ⅜-inch (9.5 mm) 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 95-100 No. 8 (2.36 mm) 80-100 No. 16 (1.18 mm 50-85 No. 30 (0.600 mm) 25-60 No. 50 (0.300 mm) 5-30 No. 100 (0.150 mm) 0-10 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 0-3 A maximum 45% of the fine aggregate can be retained between any two consecutive sieves.
701.01.2 Coarse Aggregate for Concrete
A.General Requirements. Coarse aggregate is crushed stone, gravel, or blast-furnace slag having hard, strong, durable pieces, free from adherent coatings. Other approved inert materials with similar characteristics or combinations of the above materials may be used, provided they are in accordance with the contract. The limits for deleterious material and soundness specified in Subsection 701.01.2(B) and (C) will be waived for aggregate used in structures or portions of structures not exposed to the weather.
B.Deleterious Substances. Meet the deleterious material in accordance with Table 701-3. 2020 EDITION V5.1 AGGREGATES – 701 701-3 TABLE 701-3 LIMITS ON DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES IN COARSE AGGREGATE Substance Maximum % By Wt. Lightweight pieces in aggregate (AASHTO T 113) 3.00 Clay lumps and friable particles (AASHTO T 112) 3.00 Total lightweight pieces, clay lumps and friable particles 5.00 Thin or elongated aggregate having a length greater than five times average thickness. 15.00 Material passing the No. 200 (0.075 mm) sieve 1.001 Notes:1. In crushed aggregates, if the material finer than the No. 200 (0.075 mm) sieve consists of fracture dust essentially free from clay or shale, the maximum limit may be increased to 1.5%. Ensure that the material does not contain other deleterious material.
C.Soundness. When the coarse aggregate is subjected to five cycles of the sodium or magnesium sulfate soundness test, the total percentage loss cannot exceed 12 and 18% by weight respectively.
D.Percentage of Wear. Furnish coarse aggregate having a wear factor not exceeding 40%.
E.Reserved.
F.Grading. Furnish 1½-inch (37.5 mm) aggregate in accordance with Table 701-4 for No. 4 to 1½-inch (4.75 to 37.5 mm), furnished in two separate sizes respectively meeting the gradations for No. 4 to ¾-inch (4.75 to 19 mm) and ¾ to 1½-inch (19 mm to 37.5 mm) size material. Furnish ¾-inch (19 mm) aggregate meeting the gradations for No. 4 to ¾-inch (4.75 to 19 mm) material. Furnish coarse aggregate uniformly graded between the limits in accordance with Table 701-4. The aperture shape used for coarse aggregate acceptance has no relation to the size and shape of the aperture or screen type used in producing the material. 701 – AGGREGATES 2020 EDITION V5.1 701-4 TABLE 701-4 TABLE OF GRADATIONS - COARSE AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE Percentage By Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Designated Sizes Sieve Size No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 4 to 1½″ (4.75 to 37.5 mm) No. 4 to ¾″ (4.75 to 19 mm) ¾″ to 1½″ (19 to 37.5 mm) No. 4 to ½″ (4.75 to 12.5 mm) 2-inch (50 mm) 100 100 1½-inch (37.5 mm) 95-100 90-100 1-inch (25 mm) 100 20-55 ¾-inch (19 mm) 35-70 90-100 0-15 100 ½-inch (12.5 mm) 90-100 ⅜-inch (9.5 mm) 10-30 20-55 0-5 40-70 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 0-5 0-10 0-15 No. 8 (2.36 mm) 0-5 0-5 Note: Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 correspond to AASHTO/ASTM designations 467, 67, 4, and 7, respectively.
701.01.3 Optimized Gradations for Concrete
Optimizing a gradation by combining two or more sizes of aggregate is allowed and may be required for specific classes of concrete. Meet all the specifications listed in Subsections
701.01.1 and 701.01.2
for fine and coarse aggregate respectively except for the gradation requirements. Furnish a combined gradation in accordance with MT 122. If the combined gradation in the mix design submittal is approved, adhere to the tolerances listed in Table 701-5 during concrete production. The tolerances will be placed on the combined percent passing each sieve as defined in MT 122. TABLE 701-5 OPTIMIZED GRADATION REQUIREMENTS Sieve Size Production Tolerance No. 4 or greater (4.75 mm or greater) ± 5% No. 8 to No. 30 (2.36 mm to 0.600 mm) ± 4% No. 50 (0.300 mm) ± 3% No. 100 (0.150 mm) ± 2% No. 200 or lesser (0.075 mm or lesser) ± 1.5% Perform quality control gradations as necessary to control the production of aggregate and concrete. The combined aggregate gradation tests must meet the mix design target gradation and the tolerances listed above. Do not target a combined percent passing of more than 2.0% on the #200 sieve.
701.02 Aggregate for Surfacing
701.02.1 General Requirements
The following test methods are used to evaluate the surfacing aggregate quality: 2020 EDITION V5.1 AGGREGATES – 701 701-5 Fracture .................................................................. AASHTO T 335 Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, Plasticity Index................ AASHTO T 89 and AASHTO T 90 Micro-Deval ............................................................. AASHTO T 327 Sand Equivalent ...................................................... AASHTO T 1761 Sieve Analysis For Fine And Coarse Aggregate ...... MT 202 Sulfate Soundness .................................................. AASHTO T 104 or ASTM C88 Wear Test ............................................................... AASHTO T 96 Notes: 1. As determined by alternate method No. 2 using stock solution with formaldehyde. Passing wear test results are mandatory for Department approval of sources. Micro-Deval or sulfate soundness tests may be used by the Department for source approval. If Micro-Deval is used and the test fails, the Department will conduct the sulfate soundness test. If the sulfate soundness test fails, the Contractor may not use the source to produce coarse surfacing aggregate. Meet the following Micro-Deval requirements: • Coarse Aggregate, 18.0% loss maximum for acceptance. Meet the following sulfate soundness requirements:
1.When coarse aggregate is subjected to 5 cycles of the sodium or magnesium sulfate soundness test, the total corrected loss cannot exceed 12 and 18% by weight respectively. If the test results indicate the aggregate does not meet the requirements, the Contractor may make a written request for an independent laboratory to retest the material in question. The Contractor and the Department must agree upon the choice of the independent laboratory before release of the sample for testing. The Department will maintain and provide the original sample in the event of a retest. The independent laboratory results will be averaged with the results provided by the Department and the averaged results will be binding on both parties for acceptance of the material in question. The Contractor must pay the cost of duplicate testing if the average results in a failing test. The Department will pay the cost of duplicate testing if the average results in a passing test. Furnish aggregate that does not contain wood and other plant material. That portion of the aggregate retained on the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve is coarse aggregate, and that passing the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve is fine aggregate. When wear factors are specified in the contract, the term “aggregate surfacing” includes all aggregates specified in Subsections 701.02.4 through 701.02.9 . The Department has 30 calendar days from receipt of the test sample to furnish the test results. Contract time will be increased working day for working day, for each day the test results are delayed beyond the 30-day review period, if the Departments delay affects the Contractor’s operation as shown on the current work schedule. Contract time will not be extended if the delay occurs from November 16 th through April 15th, unless the Contractor is being charged contract time under Subsection 108.07.3.
701.02.2 Select Surfacing
Furnish select surfacing, including added binder or blending material in accordance with Table 701-6. 701 – AGGREGATES 2020 EDITION V5.1 701-6 TABLE 701-6 TABLE OF GRADATIONS - SELECTED SURFACING Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Sieve Size Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 4-inch (100 mm) 100 3-inch (75 mm) 100 2½-inch (63 mm) 100 2-inch (50 mm) 100 1½-inch (37.5 mm) 100 1-inch (25 mm) 100 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 15 max. 15 max. 15 max. 15 max. 15 max. 15 max. For material passing the No. 40 (0.425 mm) sieve, the liquid limit must not exceed 30, and the plasticity index must not exceed 6.
701.02.3 Sand Surfacing
Furnish sand surfacing in accordance with Table 701-7. TABLE 701-7 TABLE OF GRADATIONS - SAND SURFACING Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Sieve Size Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 1½-inch (37.5 mm) 100 1-inch (25.0 mm) 100 ¾-inch (19.0 mm) 100 ½-inch (12.5 mm) 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 100 No. 10 (2.00 mm) 65 min. 65 min. 65 min. 50 min. 50 min. No. 200 (0.075 mm) 20 max. 20 max. 20 max. 20 max. 20 max. For material passing the No. 40 (0.425 mm) sieve, the liquid limit must not exceed 25, and the plasticity index must not exceed 0.
701.02.4 Crushed Base Course Type “A”
Furnish crushed base course Type “A”, including added binder or blending material in accordance with Table 701-8. Glass cullet meeting Subsection 701.11 requirements may be used as blending material. 2020 EDITION V5.1 AGGREGATES – 701 701-7 TABLE 701-8 TABLE OF GRADATIONS - CRUSHED BASE COURSE TYPE “A” Percentage By Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Sieve Size Grade 5A Grade 6A Grade 7A 2-inch (50 mm) 100 1½-inch (37.5 mm) 94-100 100 ¾-inch (19.0 mm) 70-88 74-96 100 ⅜-inch (9.5 mm) 50-70 40-76 57-81 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 34-58 24-60 36-60 No. 40 (0.425 mm) 6-30 6-34 6-25 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 0-8 0-8 2-8 Meet the following requirements for crushed base course Type “A”:
1.For material passing the No. 40 (0.425 mm) sieve, the liquid limit must not exceed 25, and the plasticity index must not exceed 6.
2.Dust ratio limitations do not apply.
3.A wear factor not exceeding 50% at 500 revolutions.
4.At least 35% by weight of the aggregate retained on the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve has at least one fractured face.
701.02.5 Crushed Base Course Type “B”
Furnish crushed base course Type “B”, including added binder or blending material in accordance with Table 701-9 . TABLE 701-9 TABLE OF GRADATIONS - CRUSHED BASE COURSE TYPE “B” Percentage By Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Sieve Size Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 2-inch (50 mm) 100 1½-inch (37.5 mm) 100 1-inch (25 mm) 50-80 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 20-50 25-55 30-60 No. 10 (2.00 mm) 20-50 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 8 max. 8 max. 8 max. Meet the following requirements for crushed base course Type “B”:
1.For material passing the No. 40 (0.425 mm) sieve, the liquid limit must not exceed 35, and the plasticity index must not exceed 10.
2.Dust Ratio: The portion passing the No. 200 (0.075 mm) sieve must not exceed two- thirds of the portion passing the No. 40 (0.425 mm) sieve.
3.A wear factor not exceeding 50% at 500 revolutions.
4.Up to 5% by weight of material one grade larger than that being produced is allowed. For example, when producing 1½-inch (37.5 mm) material, up to 5% of the total weight of material produced may be 2-inch (50 mm) material. 701 – AGGREGATES 2020 EDITION V5.1 701-8
5.At least 20% by weight of the aggregate retained on the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve must have one fractured face.
701.02.6 Crushed Top Surfacing Type “A”
Furnish crushed top surfacing Type “A”, including added binder or blending material in accordance with Table 701-10. TABLE 701-10 TABLE OF GRADATIONS - CRUSHED TOP SURFACING TYPE “A” Percentage By Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Sieve Size Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 1-inch (25 mm) 100 ¾-inch (19.0 mm) 100 ⅝-inch (16.0 mm) 100 ½-inch (12.5 mm) 100 ⅜-inch (9.5 mm) 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 40-70 40-70 40-70 40-70 50-80 No. 10 (2.00 mm) 25-55 25-55 25-55 25-60 35-70 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-8 Meet the following requirements for crushed top surfacing Type “A”, including added binder or blending material:
1.Dust Ratio: the portion passing the No. 200 (0.075 mm) sieve cannot exceed two-thirds of the portion passing the No. 40 (0.425 mm) sieve.
2.For material passing the No. 40 (0.425 mm) sieve, the liquid limit must not exceed 25, and the plasticity index must not exceed 6.
3.The composite aggregate does not contain adherent films of clay and other matter that prevents thorough coating with bituminous material. Bituminous material must remain adhered to the material upon contact with water.
4.When the aggregate is to be bituminized, both the material source and the composite aggregate must not show cracking or disintegration.
5.Do not remove intermediate sizes from the material during production, unless authorized in writing.
6.Have a wear factor not exceeding 50% at 500 revolutions; and
7.At least 35% by weight of the aggregate retained on the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve must have at least one fractured face.
701.02.7 Crushed Top Surfacing Type “B”
Furnish crushed top surfacing Type “B”, including added binder or blending material in accordance with Table 701-11 . 2020 EDITION V5.1 AGGREGATES – 701 701-9 TABLE 701-11 TABLE OF GRADATIONS - CRUSHED TOP SURFACING TYPE “B” Percentage By Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Sieve Size Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 1½-inch (37.5 mm) 100 1-inch (25 mm) 100 ¾-inch (19.0 mm) 100 ½-inch (12.5 mm) No. 4 (4.75 mm) 40-80 40-80 40-80 No. 10 (2.00 mm) 25-60 25-60 25-60 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 8-20 8-20 8-20 Meet the following requirements for crushed top surfacing Type “B”, including added binder, or blending material:
1.Dust Ratio: the portion passing the No. 200 (0.075 mm) sieve cannot exceed two-thirds of the portion passing the No. 40 (0.425 mm) sieve.
2.For material passing the No. 40 (0.425 mm) sieve, the liquid limit must not exceed 35, and the plasticity index must not be below 6 or above 12.
3.A wear factor not exceeding 40% at 500 revolutions; and
4.At least 35% by weight of the aggregate retained on the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve must have one fractured face.
701.02.8 Crushed Cover Aggregate - Cover Material
Furnish cover material in accordance with Table 701-12 . TABLE 701-12 TABLE OF GRADATIONS - COVER MATERIAL Percentage By Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Sieve Size Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 ½-inch (12.5 mm) 100 ⅜-inch (9.5 mm) 100 100 40-80 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 0-15 0-8 0-8 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 0-2 0-1 0-1 Meet the following requirements:
1.The composite aggregate must not have adherent films of clay, vegetable matter, frozen lumps, and other extraneous matter that prevents thorough coating with bituminous material. Bituminous material must remain adhered to the material upon contact with water. No combination of shale, clay, coal, and soft particles can exceed 1.5%.
2.The aggregate must have a wear factor not exceeding 30% at 500 revolutions; and
3.A minimum of 70% by weight of the coarse aggregate must have at least one fractured face. 701 – AGGREGATES 2020 EDITION V5.1 701-10
701.02.9 Aggregate for CTB
Furnish aggregate for CTB, including added blending material in accordance with Table 701-13. TABLE 701-13 TABLE OF GRADATIONS - AGGREGATE FOR CTB Percentage By Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Sieve Size Percent Passing ¾-inch (19.0 mm) 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 40-70 No. 10 (2.00 mm) 25-55 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 2-12 Meet the following requirements:
1.For material passing the No. 40 (0.425 mm) sieve, the liquid limit must not exceed 30, and the plasticity index must not exceed 7; and
2.The material used to produce the aggregate must have a wear factor not exceeding 50% at 500 revolutions.
701.03 Aggregate for Bituminous Mixtures
701.03.1 General Requirements
The following test methods will be used to evaluate the quality of aggregate to be bituminized: 2020 EDITION V5.1 AGGREGATES – 701 701-11 TABLE 701-14 AGGREGATE REQUIREMENTS Coarse Aggregate (No. 4 (4.75 mm) And Larger) Angularity (AASHTO T 335 or ASTM D5821) See Table 701-15 Wear (AASHTO T 96) 40% max 30% max1 Flat and elongated particles (ASTM D4791) (3:1 ratio; by mass; No. 4 (4.75 mm) and larger) 20% max. Absorption (AASHTO T 85)2 2.5% max Fine Aggregate (All Material Passing No. 4 (4.75 mm)) Angularity (AASHTO T 304 Method A) 45% min. Sand equivalent (AASHTO T 176)3 45% min. Notes:
1.For ⅜-inch (9.5 mm) mixes only.
2.For warm mixes only.
3.As determined by alternate method No. 2 using stock solution with formaldehyde. RAP, RAS, and Hydrated Lime will be excluded from the JMF for Sand Equivalent testing purposes. All aggregate must be non-plastic when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 89 and AASHTO T 90. Passing wear test results are mandatory for Department approval of bituminized material aggregate sources. Micro-Deval or sulfate soundness tests may be used by the Department for source approval. If Micro-Deval is used and the test fails, the Department will conduct the sulfate soundness test. If the sulfate soundness test fails, the Contractor may not use the source to produce coarse aggregate to be bituminized. Meet the following Micro-Deval requirements: • Coarse Aggregate, 18.0% loss maximum for acceptance. Meet the following sulfate soundness requirements:
2.When coarse aggregate is subjected to 5 cycles of the sodium or magnesium sulfate soundness test, the total corrected loss cannot exceed 12 and 18% by weight respectively. If the test results indicate the aggregate does not meet the requirements, the Contractor may make a written request for an independent laboratory to retest the material in question. The Contractor and the Department must agree upon the choice of the independent laboratory before release of the sample for testing. The Department will maintain and provide the original sample in the event of a retest. The independent laboratory results will be averaged with the results provided by the Department and the averaged results will be binding on both parties for acceptance of the material in question. The Contractor must pay the cost of duplicate testing if 701 – AGGREGATES 2020 EDITION V5.1 701-12 the average results in a failing test. The Department will pay the cost of duplicate testing if the average results in a passing test. Furnish aggregate that does not contain wood and other plant material. The portion of the aggregate retained on the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve is defined as coarse aggregate, and that passing the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve is defined as fine aggregate. The Department has 30 calendar days from receipt of the test sample to furnish the test results. Contract time will be increased, working day for working day, for each day the test results are delayed beyond the 30-day review period, if the Departments delay affects the Contractor’s operation as shown on the current work schedule. Contract time will not be extended if the delay occurs from November 16 th through April 15th unless the Contractor is being charged contract time under Subsection 108.07.3.
701.03.2 Aggregate for Plant Mix Surfacing
Furnish aggregate for plant mix surfacing, including hydrated lime when required, in accordance with following. 2020 EDITION V5.1 AGGREGATES – 701 701-13 701 – AGGREGATES 2020 EDITION V5.1 701-14 TABLE 701-16 GRADE S AGGREGATE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ¾-inch (19 mm), ½-inch (12.5 mm) and ⅜-inch (9.5 mm) Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size Percent By Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Sieve Gradation Limits ¾-inch (19.0 mm) ½-inch (12.5 mm) ⅜-inch (9.5 mm) Min Max Min Max Min Max 1-inch (25 mm) 100 ¾-inch (19 mm) 90 100 100 ½-inch (12.5 mm) 90 90 100 100 ⅜-inch (9.5 mm) 90 90 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 90 No. 8 (2.36 mm) 23 49 28 58 32 67 No. 16 (1.18 mm) No. 30 (0.600 mm) No. 50 (0.300 mm) No. 100 (0.150 mm) No. 200 (0.075 mm) 2 8 2 10 2 10 Notes: Percentage or Quantity of hydrated lime will not be subtracted from the aggregate gradation TABLE 701-17 HAMBURG WHEEL TRACK REQUIREMENTS PG Binder Grade Water Bath Temperature PG 58-XX 111 °F (44 °C) PG 64-XX 122 °F (50 °C) PG 70-XX 133 °F (56 °C) 2020 EDITION V5.1 AGGREGATES – 701 701-15 TABLE 701-18 GRADE S SPECIFICATIONS ¾-inch (19 mm), ½-inch (12.5 mm) and ⅜-inch (9.5 mm) Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size Property Job Mix Target Limits Job Mix Target Tolerance Start-Up Job Mix Range 3 ¾-inch (19 mm) ½-inch (12.5 mm) ⅜-inch (9.5 mm) ¾-inch (19 mm) ½-inch (12.5 mm) ⅜-inch (9.5 mm) VMA 13.0 to 17.0 14.5 to 18.0 15.5 to 18.4 ± 0.6 12.4 to 17.6 13.9 to 18.6 14.9 to 19.0 VFA 65 to 80 ± 5.0 60 to 85 VTM @ Ndes 1 3.4 to 4.0 ± 1 2.4 to 5.0 D/A 2 0.6 to 1.4 ±0.2 0.4 to 1.6 Commercial Plant Mix Requirements VMA 12.4 to 17.6 13.9 to 18.6 14.9 to 19.0 N/A N/A VFA 60 to 85 N/A N/A VTM 1 2.4 to 5.0 N/A N/A D/A 0.4 to 1.6 N/A N/A Notes:
1.Choose the design and production air voids target to be the lowest value, within the range in Table 701-16 inclusive of 3.4 and 4.0, such that all other criteria are met.
2.Percentages or quantities of hydrated lime will not be subtracted from the aggregate gradation.
3.Start-up job mix range only applies to production before initial target set. Job mix target tolerances do not apply to start up job mix range.
701.04 Foundation and Bedding Material for Structures
701.04.1 Bedding Material
Furnish bedding material for minor drainage structures and culvert foundations. Glass Cullet meeting Subsection 701.11 requirements may be used as blending material. Furnish bedding material that is reasonably free of clay, silt, and other deleterious material in accordance with Table 701-19. 701 – AGGREGATES 2020 EDITION V5.1 701-16 TABLE 701-19 TABLE OF GRADATIONS - BEDDING MATERIAL Percentage By Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Sieve Size Percent Passing 1½-inch (37.5 mm) 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 24-60 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 12 maximum
701.04.2 Foundation Material
Foundation material is one or more aggregate material courses to provide a stable foundation for culvert and drainage structure installations in unstable areas. Use shot rock, pit-run aggregate, crushed aggregate, or any combination of these materials. The largest rock or rock fragment allowed may be as great in dimension as the thickness of the lift being placed. In the top 1-foot (305 mm) of the foundation, the largest rock or rock fragment cannot exceed 8 inches (200 mm). Use well-graded material in the top 1-foot (305 mm) of foundation material. Not more than 40% by weight of the foundation material can pass the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve.
701.04.3 Granular Bedding Material
Furnish granular bedding material in accordance with either of the following:
1.Table 701-4 No.2; or
2.¾-inch material in accordance with Table 701-16, but only that which is retained on the No 4 sieve or larger.
701.05 Filter Material
Furnish filter material in accordance with Table 701-20. TABLE 701-20 TABLE OF GRADATIONS - FILTER MATERIAL Percentage By Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Sieve Size No. 1 No. 2 2-inch (50 mm) 100 1½-inch (37.5 mm) 95-100 ¾-inch (19.0 mm) 35-70 ⅜-inch (9.5 mm) 100 10-30 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 95-100 0-5 No. 8 (2.36 mm) 80-100 No. 16 (1.18 mm) 50-85 No. 30 (0.60 mm) 25-60 No. 50 (0.30 mm) 5-30 No. 100 (0.15 mm) 0-10
701.06 Riprap and Ancillary Armor
Furnish hard, durable, angular, stone that is resistant to weathering and water action, and free of organic or other unsuitable material. 2020 EDITION V5.1 AGGREGATES – 701 701-17 Angular stone is characterized by sharp, clean edges at the intersections of relatively flat surfaces. Do not use stone with the following characteristics:
1.Rounded stone or boulders from a streambed source.
2.Shale or stone with shale seams.
3.Fissile or fractured stone that may break into smaller pieces.
4.Flat or plate-like in shape.
701.06.1 Riprap
Furnish riprap meeting the requirements of Table 701-21 and 701-22. TABLE 701-21 RIPRAP REQUIREMENTS Riprap (Class I, II, and III) Specific gravity (AASHTO T 85) 2.40 min. Absorption (AASHTO T 85) 4.0% max Los Angeles abrasion (ASTM C535) 50% max Gradation (Optical Granulometry) Table 701-22 Soundness of aggregate using sodium sulfate (AASHTO T 104) 12% loss max The longest dimension (length) of each stone is no longer than 3 times the shortest dimension (width) of stone. Obtain riprap from sources in accordance with Section 106 requirements to produce material in accordance with Subsection 701.06. Each material source proposed for use as riprap is subject to approval prior to placement. If the riprap source is approved, it may be limited to certain areas, layers, or locations within the source. Approval of the source does not preclude the Department from retesting the material once it is delivered to the project.
701.06.2 Random Riprap
Furnish the specified random riprap in accordance with Table 701-21 and 701-22. 701 – AGGREGATES 2020 EDITION V5.1 701-18 TABLE 701-22 TABLE OF GRADATIONS - RANDOM RIPRAP Class Mean Particle Size Inches (mm) % of Mean Particle Size Passing I 13 (330) 100 11 (280) 70-90 8 (205) 40-60 3 (75) 0-10 II 24 (610) 100 21 (530) 70-90 16 (405) 40-60 7 (175) 0-10 III 36 (915) 100 30 (760) 70-90 24 (610) 40-60 9 (230) 0-10 Notes: Mean Particle Size is the average of the dimensions for the length, width, and depth of each stone.
701.06.3 Grouted Riprap
Furnish stone for grouted riprap in accordance with Table 701-21 and 701-22.
701.06.4 Ancillary Armor
The stone must meet the requirements of Table 701-23. 2020 EDITION V5.1 AGGREGATES – 701 701-19 TABLE 701-23 ANCILLARY ARMOR Class Mean Particle Size Inches (mm) % of Mean Particle Size Passing I 13 (330) 100 11 (280) 70-90 8 (205) 40-60 3 (75) 0-10 II 24 (610) 100 21 (530) 70-90 16 (405) 40-60 7 (175) 0-10 Notes: Mean Particle Size is the average of the dimensions for the length, width, and depth of each stone.
701.07 Reserved
701.08 Sand-Gravel Cushion
Furnish sand-gravel cushion for concrete slope protection in accordance with Subsection
701.04.1 for bedding material except that all the material must pass a 1½-inch (38 mm) sieve.
701.09 Backfill for Metal Bin-Type Retaining Walls
Furnish backfill for the bins specified by the bin manufacturer. If not specified, use a gravel- type soil with 95% passing the 2-inch (50 mm) sieve and not more than 10% passing the No. 200 (0.075 mm) sieve. The material must have a plasticity index not exceeding 10.
701.10 Drain Aggregate
Furnish drain aggregate that is rounded to sub-rounded aggregate in accordance with Table 701-24. TABLE 701-24 TABLE OF GRADATIONS - DRAIN AGGREGATE Percentage By Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Sieve Size Percent Passing 6-inch (152 mm) 100 ¾-inch (19 mm) 0-10 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 0-5
701.11 Glass Cullet for Soil-Aggregate Filler
When requested and approved as an aggregate blending material, furnish and blend Glass Cullet in accordance with AASHTO M 318. Meet the following requirements for the glass cullet and the blended product:
A.Furnish glass cullet containing no more than 5% cullet originating from non-beverage container glass. Provide the Project Manager with certification that the cullet meets this 701 – AGGREGATES 2020 EDITION V5.1 701-20 limit before it is used. If the cullet exceeds this limit, submit a laboratory test plan that meets the requirements of the appendices of AASHTO M 318. Approval of the cullet will be based on the approved testing plan and the test results.
B.Have the glass cullet tested to ensure it meets the physical properties and deleterious substances requirements in AASHTO M 318. Furnish the Project Manager copies of the test results before using the glass cullet.
C.Produce a glass cullet/aggregate blended product that meets all requirements for the specified aggregate; and
D.Limit the glass cullet content to no more than 10% of the total blended product.
701.12 Digout and Sub-Ex Replacement Material
Furnish replacement material for digout and sub excavation areas consisting of a well-graded sand and gravel, free of organic and other deleterious material, meeting the AASHTO M 145 requirements for A-1-a group classification as amended by Table 701-25 . Material in accordance with Subsection 701.02.4 may also be used as replacement material in either application. Any replacement material may consist of up to 50% RAP, uniformly blended. Crusher reject material may be used for either application provided it meets the requirements in Table 701-25. TABLE 701-25 DIGOUT AND SUB-EX REPLACEMENT MATERIAL Percentage By Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Sieve size Percent Passing Digout 2-inch (50 mm) 100 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 8 maximum Sub excavation 6-inch (152 mm) 100 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 8 maximum Crusher Reject 2-inch (100 mm) 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 0-50 No. 40 (0.425 mm) 0-30 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 8 maximum 2020 EDITION V5.1 AGGREGATES – 701 701-21
701.13 Bridge End Backfill
Furnish Bridge End Backfill in accordance with Table 701-26. TABLE 701-26 TABLE OF GRADATIONS – BRIDGE END BACKFILL Sieve Size Percentage By Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Type 11 Type 2 Type 3 4-inch (100 mm) 100 100 2-inch (50 mm) 100 60-100 Modified AASHTO Soil Class A-1-a 1-inch (25 mm) 60 – 80 ½-inch (12.5 mm) 40 – 60 ⅜-inch (9.5 mm) 25-65 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 20 – 40 No. 10 (2.00 mm) 10-30 No. 40 (0.425 mm) 5 – 20 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 0 – 8 0-8 0-8 Note 1. Provide a minimum of 35% of the material retained on the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve having at least 1 fractured face.
Referenced in this section
Aggregates in other states
Get an email when 701 changes
Montana revises spec sections through supplementals and new editions. We check this one every week and email you the day it changes. Free, no account.
Source: Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2020 (v5.1) Edition. Pages 511–532 of 611. View official source ↗