357 SECTION 754 HIGHWAY SIGNS
754.01DESCRIPTION
This work item consists of furnishing, fabricating, and installing highway signs, delineators, and supporting structures.
754.02EQUIPMENT
Reserved.
754.03MATERIALS
Item Section Concrete, Class AE 802 Reinforcing Steel 836 Highway Signs and Posts 894
Fabricate sign faces according to the detail drawings and the alphabets shown in the plans, MUTCD, the Standard Highway Signs published by FHWA, and the Standard Highway Signs Supplemental Manual published by the NDDOT. The last number shown as part of the sign number in the plans indicates the required width of the sign. Use screening inks that are compatible with the sheeting backgrounds.
754.04CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
Erect signs and delineators located less than 30 feet from the pavement edge with the sign face truly vertical and turned 93 degrees away from the center and direction of travel of the lane which the facility serves. Erect signs located 30 feet or more from the edge of the pavement edge with the sign fa ce truly vertical and aligned 90 degrees from the center and direction of travel of the lane which the offset sign serves. Position signs and delineators located at the point where lanes divide or on curves to minimize specular reflection directed toward traffic.
Use directly applied sheeting, cut to the specified shapes for the messages, symbols, and borders on variable message signs. Apply the message, symbols and border as specified by the sheeting manufacturer.
Cut sign backing to size and shape and fabricate to be free of defects. Fabricate sign backings that are larger than manufacturer’s material in sections with vertical butt joints. Use a minimum of 24 inch wide sections. If more than two sections of backing are required, place the wide sections on the outside positions and the narrower one between. Use the widest manufacturer’s sections of sheeting before narrower sections are used. The surface of all signs shall be plane surfaces. 358 Complete all cutting, shearing, and drilling or punching of holes before degreasing metal and applying sheeting.
Apply sheeting to the background of flat sheet signs according to the sheeting manufacturer’s recommendations.
Apply messages, symbols, film, and borders by directly applying sheeting or by screening. Apply directly applied sheeting according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Place sheeting with no splices when sign backing is smaller than manufactured material. Use sheeting from the same manufacturer’s lot on each individual sign.
Process and finish the sign face with material according to the sheeting manufacturer’s recommendations.
Finish the signs to have a smooth, unifor m surface with clear cut and sharp messages, symbols, and borders.
recommendations.
If splicing the sheeting, overlap the splice a minimum of 3/16 inch. Splice at a 90 degree angle to the length of the panel. Make the splices uniform and neat throughout the entire length. Do not splice any individual panel more than 2 times, and leave at least 8 feet between adjacent splices. Extend the sheeting over the edges and down the side legs a minimum of 1/16 inch.
Attach motorist service, cultural and recreational area symbols using rivets. Place rivets in each corner and at 12 inch intervals around the outer edge of the panel, spaced 1 inch from the outer edges.
Use 1/4 inch high numbers on a 2 -1/4 inch long by 1-3/4 inch pressure sensitive label. Imprint the numbers 1 through 12 on the upper part of the label, with the last two digits of four consecutive years printed across the bottom. Punch out the number of the month and the year of fabrication.
Date all new signs with the month and year fabricated. Affix the date label to the metal sign backing on the lower corner of the sig n near the edge closest to traffic. The label should be visible from the ground. 359 c. Overlays. Date all sign overlays with the month and year the overlay was attached to the sign. Affix the date label to the right of the original date label on the existing sign panel. If no label is present, affix the label according to Section 754.04 B.5.b “New Signs”.
Before shipping or storage, ensure that all signs are free of moisture and that all inks are thoroughly dry. Keep all packaged signs dry. Store and ship signs off the ground in an upright position.
Confirm the support lengths with the Engineer before ordering sign support posts. Use a driving cap when driving supports. Firmly set all supports and plumb after erection.
Construct all concrete foundations with the top sloped enough to drain away from the sign support. Give all exposed concrete above ground surface a rubbed finish. Use the same breakaway coupler system throughout the contract.
ground or surfacing.
Install the specified length of anchor unless the Engineer determines a shorter length is sufficient due to good soil bearing developed when driving the anchor. The Engineer may reduce anchor lengths to a minimum of 3 feet.
If installation is in either concrete or bituminous material, omit the soil plate or use a surface mount anchor base.
Core concrete and bituminous surfacing before installing the anchor unit and fill the cored area with like material that matches the surrounding surfacing .
tapers toward approaching traffic.
Assemble breakaway base plates with the bolt torqued to plan requirements. Place the plates so the tapered bolt slot tapers toward approaching traffic.
The Engineer will allow the use of a gas cutting torch for cutting metals or preparing joints. Do not flame cut carbon steel above 0.30 percent carb on, high alloy steels, heat 360 treated steel, and plated metals unless subsequent corrective treatment is provided as approved by the Engineer.
Perform flame cutting using the oxyacetylene gas method. Do not deviate from true lines more than 1/16 inch. Repair edge defects according to Section 3.2 of AWS Structural Welding Code, as amended by AASHTO Specifications for Welding of Structural Steel Highway Bridges. The roughness of flame cut surfaces shall be less than an ANSI roughness value of 1,000 microinches. Completely remove slag produced during flame cutting.
If flange plates or other members are cut to a curve, make cuts uniform to the required radius. Do not make a series of straight cuts tangent to the curve.
If cutting the ends of members that are to take bearing with a torch, make a suitable allowance in their length to permit proper milling or planing.
Prepare joints for welding using flame cutting or flame gouging methods. Remove slag and oxidized metals.
If using the shearing method to form field splice plates and stiffeners that have a thickness less than 1/2 inch, leave a minimum of 1/8 inch of extra material beyond the specified dimensions. Remove the extra material by machining or planing.
If using the shearing method to form structural steel plates that have a thickness of 1/2 inch or greater, leave a minimum of 1/4 inch of extra material beyond the specified dimensions. Remove the extra material by machining or planing.
Fabricate all overhead sign structures so that only bolted assembly is required in the field. The Engineer will allow drilling to fasten an overhead sign to a bridge.
Do not field weld.
Use a steel template to accurately locate and hold the anchor bolts plumb and in proper alignment. Put this template in place during placement of the concrete base and leave it in place a minimum of 24 hours after the concrete placement is complete. Leave the support cage used to position the anchor bolts in the concrete foundation. The Engineer will reject the base if anchor bolts are out of position or if the anchor bolts are greater than 1:20 out of plumb. Do not alter the base or bend the anchor bolts to straighten them or move them into position.
Tighten top and leveling nuts of the anchor bolts according to the following steps:
bottom of the leveling nut as close to the concrete base as practicable, and not more than one inch above the top of the concrete base. Thread leveling nuts 361 onto the anchor bolt to provide at least a 1/4 inch projection of the bolt above the top nut when in its tightened position.
internal threads prior to placement on the anchor bolt. Tighten all nuts to a “snug” condition. The Department defines "snug" as the tightness attained by the full effort of a person using a wrench with a length equal to 14 times the diameter of the anchor bolt (minimum wrench length shall be 18 inches). Apply the full effort required to achieve a “snug” tight condition as close to the end of the wrench as possible, and continue until the nut stops rotating. Tighten by leaning back, pulling firmly, and using one’s entire body weight on the end of the wrench (with feet braced to prevent slipping). Accomplish snug tightening in a minimum of two separate passes of tightening. Sequence tightening by tightening in each pass the opposite side nut, to the extent possible, until all the nuts in that pass have been snugged.
completing nut snugging as described above but prior to commencing step (4) below. Check the “snug” tightness of the nuts (top and leveling) by applying a torque to the nut according Table 754-01.
Table 754 -01 Bolt Diameter
(foot -pounds) 1 100 1-1/4 200 1-1/2 300 1-3/4 400 2 500 2-1/4 700 2-1/2 800
base plate. If any gap exists between the nut and the base plate, insert a beveled washer between the nut washer and the base plate to eliminate the gap. Use a stainless steel Type 304 washer of the same diameter as the hardened washer, which is beveled so that the gap between the nut and the base plate is eliminated. Retighten all nuts according to step (1) and (2) above if beveled washers are added.
of the nuts in two separate passes of equal increment turns. Use a sequence of tightening in each pass so that the opposite side nut, if possible, shall subsequently tightened until all the nuts in that pass have been turned. Do not allow the leveling nut to rotate during top nut tightening.
362 (6) Check the tightness of the nuts in the presence of the Engineer a minimum of 48 hours after completing step (4). Apply torque to the nut in accordance with Table 754-02.
Table 754 -02 Bolt Diameter
(foot -pounds) 1 300 1-1/4 630 1-1/2 1,120 1-3/4 1,820 2 2,770 2-1/4 4,010 2-1/2 5,550 After the anchor bolt nuts have been checked for tightness, the Engineer will perform ultrasonic testing and calibration procedures for final acceptance. The Engineer will perform these tests to ensure that no flaws in the bolts have been introduced during the construction process and no loose nuts or washers exist. The Engineer will tap each nut (top and leveling) with a 24 ounce ball peen hammer to check for looseness. A tight nut produces a sharp ringing sound, and a loose nut produces a dull sound. The Engineer will tap each washer on one side while placing one hand on the other side of the washer. If the washer moves, the nut is not properly tightened. The Engineer will use a wrench with a length equal to 14 times the diameter of the anchor bolt (minimum 18 inches) to check the tightness of each nut. If the Engineer is able to rotate a nut as a result of the application of a person’s full effort on the end of the wrench, the nut is not properly tightened. If the Engineer finds any nut or washer to be loose as a result of the above acceptance procedure , tighten such loose nuts according to Steps (1) through (5) above. If any nuts require tightening after the initial installation, remove and reinstall nuts and washers and, if necessary, remove and re-erect the entire structure at no cost to the Department. Test to verify the absence of flaws prior to the erection stage. The Engineer will reject the entire base installation because of reflectors found with an indication rating less than 15 decibels.
Erect the overhead sign supports according to the following steps:
bottom nuts and washers.
(in its final pos ition) on the anchor bolts, along with their corresponding washers, and snug tighten them.
to the sign face in its final position. 363
tighten them.
D.5.c, “Anchor Bolt Tightening” .
Tighten all bolts by the turn-of-nut method specified in “Turn -of-Nut Tightening” . Do not reuse any nuts and bolts loosened or removed after being fully tightened. The Engineer will not consider previously tightened bolts that have been loosened by the tightening of adjacent bolts as reused and they may be retightened.
for tightness according to step (5) of Section 754.04 D.5.c, “Anchor Bolt Tightening” .
Bolt flat sheet signs to the supports and place a nylon washer between the flat washer and the sign face.
Remove and reset existing signs and supports as specified. Stockpile all signs and supports not to be reset at designated locations within the project limits. The Engineer will arrange to have stockpiled signs removed from the project limits and delivered to the Department’s facility. Replace removed or reset signs and supports that are damaged during removing, resetting, or stockpiling at no additional cost to the Department.
Remove existing signs and supports as construction progresses, and immediately reset or install new signs.
The Engineer will allow the temporary reset of existing signs, or the temporary installation of new signs. Include the cost of installing and resetting signs temporarily in the price bid for other items.
steel channels on new supports.
Provide all necessary brackets and hardware to attach sign panels, angles, stringers, and steel channels on new supports.
364 3. Reset Sign Support. Remove sign panels from existing supports. Reinstall support and install new sign panels, angles, stringers, and steel channels.
Provide all necessary brackets and hardware to attach sign panels, angles, stringers, and steel channels on supports.
Remove steel supports, foundations, and pile footings and restore the surface to match the surrounding area. Remove foundations and pile footings to a depth of 2 feet below the ground line.
Remove the overhead sign structure, sign, sign lighting, and concrete foundations.
Provide overlay panels from 0.063 inch aluminum as specified in Section 894.01 A, “Flat Sheet Aluminum” .
Remove the legend, border, and symbol on those signs that have demountable copy and remove any existing sign overlays and place overlay panels on the signs. Do not remove direct applied sheeting legends, borders, and symbols. Direct apply the new legends, borders, and symbols to the overlay panels and install on the existing signs.
Install overlay panels on the existing signs with 5/32 inch diameter aluminum blind fasteners. Attach the fasteners so that 1/8 inch of the fastener length protrudes through the existing sign backing. Abut the panels together. Cut the legends, numerals, symbols, and borders where they cross joints.
If the sign to be overlaid is larger than manufactured overlay panels, use individual panels that meet the following requirements: − Use overlay panels between 1-1/2 and 4 feet wide; and − Use panels with a minimum length of 8 feet.
If the overlay panels do not cover the full height of the sign, place the overlay panels on the lower portion of the sign first so the longers ide of the panel is vertical. Place the remaining panels above these panels with their long side placed horizontally. Place rivets at 12 inch intervals around the outer edge of the overlay panel and spaced 1 inch from the outer edges. For overlay panels greater than 24 inches wide, in addition to the outer edger rivets, place rivets down the center of the length of the overlay panel at 12 inch intervals.
Install auxiliary signs used with route markers with the same background color as the route markers: − Interstate, Blue; − Interstate Business Loop, Green; − State, White; − US, White; and − County, Blue. 365
754.05METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
The Engineer will measure as specified in Section 109.01, “Measurement of Quantities” and as follows:
The Engineer will measure flat sheets, panels, and extruded aluminum panels for signs to the closest 1/10 square foot.
The Engineer will measure the post length and the pile length when determining the length of W-shaped posts.
sign assembly has been reset.
The Engineer will measure the item “Reset Sign Support” by each leg of a sign support that has been reset.
The Engineer will measure the i tems “Reference Marker – Type __”, “Object Markers – Type __”, and “Object Markers – Culverts” by each location.
754.06BASIS OF PAYMENT
Pay Item Pay Unit Flat Sheet for signs – Type __Reflective Sheeting Square Foot Delineators – Type __ Each Remove and Reset Delineators Each Diamond Grade Delineators – Type __ Each Steel Galvanized Posts – Telescoping Perforated Tube Linear Foot Galvanized Steel Post – Standard Pipe Linear Foot Galvanized Steel Post – W-Shape Posts (Two or More) Linear Foot Stub Post __IN Each Panel for Signs – Type __ Reflective Sheeting Square Foot Overlay Panel – Type __ Reflective Sheeting Square Foot Extruded Aluminum Sign Panel – Type __ Reflective Sheeting Square Foot Interstate Mile Post – Type __ Each Reference Marker – Type __ Each Reset Sign Panel Each Reset Sign Support Each Reset Mile Post Each Object Markers – Type __ Each Object Markers – Culverts Each Class AE Concrete – Sign Foundations Cubic Yard 366 Pay Item Pay Unit Remove Sign Foundation Each Overhead Sign Structure Bridge Mounted Each Overhead Sign Structure __FT Cantilever Each Overhead Sign Structure __FT Truss Each Remove Overhead Sign Structure Each Remove Overhead Sign Structure Bridge Mounted Each Remove Overhead Sign Structure Cantilever Each
Such payment is full compensation for furnishing all materials, equipment, labor, and incidentals to complete the work as specified. 367 SECTION 760 RUMBLE STRIPS
760.01DESCRIPTION
This work consists of installing centerline, shoulder, and intersection rumble strips.
760.02EQUIPMENT
Reserved.
760.03MATERIALS
Use one of the following materials when applying a fog coat to rumple strips: − SS-1h, Section 818.02 F, “Anionic Emulsified Asphalt”; − MS-1 Section 818.02 F, “Anionic Emulsified Asphalt”; or − CSS-1h Section 818.02 E.1 “Cationic Emulsified Asphalt”.
When MS -1 is used it may be diluted by the supplier or the Contractor.
760.04CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
Mill the shoulder and centerline rumble strips.
Saw cut intersection rumble strips at all STOP conditions of state highways. Do not install intersection rumble strips on bridge decks or approach slabs. The Engineer will relocate the intersection rumble strips to a location off the bridge deck and approach slabs.
Do not install rumble strips in the areas shown in Table 760-01.
Table 760 -01 Type of Rumble Strip Exclusion Areas Shoulder and Centerline Posted speeds of 45 mph or less, urban areas, and curb and gutter sections and 1/2 mile on each end of these areas Shoulder and Centerline Across bridge decks and approach slabs. Shoulder and Centerline 300 feet before and after Automated Traffic Recorders, Environmental Sensor Stations, and Weigh in Motion equipment Shoulder Adjacent to guardrail. Intersection Posted speeds 45 mph or less, urban areas, or areas with curb and gutter