- 396 - SECTION 602 -- PORTLAND CE MENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT SMOOTHNESS
602.01 General
1.This Specification establishes a standard for Portland cement concrete pavement smoothness, a nd defines defective pavement smoothness. The intent of the specification is to produce a finished Portland cement concrete pavement driving su rface with an International Roughness Index (IRI) no greater than 99 inches per mile.
2.Pavement smoothness will be evaluated as described in this section when the pay item “Portland Cement Concrete Smoothness Testing” is included in the contract.
3.When the pay item “Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Smoothness” is not included in the cont ract, the Contractor shall test the hardened concrete for surface irregularities with a non-contact inertial pavement profiler, a 10 foot (3 m) stra ightedge, or an approved device at the Engineers discretion. Areas showing high spots in excess of 1/8 inch (3 mm) in the 10 foot (3 m) span will be plainly marked and ground to the required profile.
602.02 Equipment
1.The Contractor shall furnish a non-contact inertial pavement profiler (profiler) that meets the requirement s of ASTM Standard E 950, certified by the manufacturer. The profiler shall be certified by the Department that it meets the ASTM Standard E 950 requirements.
2.The profiler may be a lightweight version or a high speed version.
3.The profiler shall be equipped wi th a computerized system that will record, analyze, and print the test data. The profiler shall be equipped with a guide bar and a large footprint height sensor specifically designed for surface profile measurements on te xtured Portland cement concrete surfaces.
4.The profiler shall produce a printed pavement profile summary report. The report shall include the following information.
a.Project number b. Test date c. Traffic lane d. Test direction e. Test path
f.Pass number (1 for initial test; 2, 3, etc. for repeat runs)
g.Operator’s name h. Project stations i. Data filter values j. IRI values fo r each test section
k.California profilograph emulat ion traces (profilograms) for each test section
l.Bump and dip locations for each test section, as determined by California profilograph emulation Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Smoothness 602.04 - 397 - 602.03 -- Certification and Independent Assurance Testing
1.The Department will calibrate and certify the Contractor’s profiler annually at a test site established by the Department.
a.The profiler will be inspected for compliance with general equipment requirements, including dat a analysis system, guidance system, and overall condition.
b.The profiler will be calibrat ed for distance measurement by moving it over the described path of a premeasured test distance to determine its distance calibration factor.
c.The profiler will be checked for vertical measurement accuracy by performing the height measurement calibration procedure described in Section 6 of AASHTO R 056, Certificat ion of Inertial Profiling Systems.
d.The profiler will be checked for overall performance by operating it over the described path of a premeasured pavement test section at its normal operating speed.
e.Distance measurement indicated by the profiler shall be within 0.2% tolerance of the actual premeasu red test section distance. To ensure accurate distance measurement during test runs, the air pressure of the distance measurement tire must always be maintained at the same pressure.
f.The IRI reported by the profiler for the test section shall be within 10.0% tolerance of the IRI reported by a Department profiler for the same test section.
g.A dated and signed decal will be placed on the profiler to certify its acceptability for use on Department pavement construction projects.
2.The Department will certify the Contractor’s profiler operator at least every 5 years. The operator may be certified by presenting certification from another state highway agency or by completing certification training conducted by the Department.
3.The Department will perform I ndependent Assurance tests for the Contractor’s profilers and operators at least once per construction season. Independent Assurance testing will be conducted at a randomly selected time on an active construction project. The criteria for the test will be similar to those used for certification.
602.04 Profilograph Test Procedures
1.The Contractor shall per form all pavement smoothness specification tests with a De partment certified profiler.
2.The Engineer will furnish a repor t form to the Contractor identifying all required test sections.
a.The pavement surface will be divided into lane-width segments that end at a bridge, railroad crossing, or other designated termini.
b.The lane-width segments will be further divided into individual 528 feet (200 m) long test sections, in t he direction of project stationing. The last test section in a segment is usually shorter than 528 feet (200 m).
602.04 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Smoothness
- 398 - c. If a test section is less th an 300 feet (100 m) long, it will be combined with the preceding 528 feet (2 00 m) long test section for analysis.
3.The Contractor’s certified profiler operator shall perform smoothness specification tests in the Engineer’s presence.
4.Smoothness testing shall be performed during normal daylight working hours unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.
5.The profiler operator s hall perform pavement smoothness measurements in the right-hand or left- hand wheel path of all driving lanes and shall be performed in the direction of traffic, as directed by the Engineer, including climbing and fly-by lanes. The wheel path is the path followed by the right or left wheels of a truck or car traveling in the center of a traffic lane. It is assumed to be 3 feet from the left or right lane lines. In urban areas, where inlet block-outs or manholes are in the right- or left-hand wheel path, the pavement smoothness measurement s shall be made in a location determined by the Engineer.
6.The Contractor shall remove all objects and foreign material from the pavement surface befor e testing, including any extra run-in or run-out lengths required for the profiler.
7.The profiler operator shall gui de the profiler along the specified wheel path of each traffic lane at a constant speed and directional path throughout the length of pavement being tested. The speed of the profiler must be within the speed range recommended by the manufacturer. Sudden changes in speed or direction during a te st run will disqualify that test, and a new test must be performed.
8.A lateral location indicator shall be used to align the profiler in the required test path during testing. Pave ment edges, longitudinal joints or longitudinal pavement markings may be used as reference lines.
9.Before testing, the profiler operator shall perform routine check procedures of the measurement system as recommended by the manufacturer. To ensure consistent distance measurement, the profiler operator shall also check and adjust the distance recording wheel tire pressure several times a day.
10.All station references on the prof iler reports shall be actual project stations. Stations shall be accurately noted on any printed profiles at least every 100 feet (25 m).The distance measured by the profiler shall compare within 0.2% of the actual distance tested, as determined using project stationing, for all testing and retesti ng runs. Test runs that do not compare within 0.2% will disqualify that test. New tests must be performed for all disqualified tests, following calibrat ion of the distance measuring system
11.Immediately after completion of the tests, the profiler operator and the Engineer shall sign and date any pr inted reports and profiles to verify their authenticity. The signed prints then immediately become the property of the Department. Failure to do so will disq ualify the tests. The test shall be re- run by the Contractor at no additional expense to the Department. Upon completion of the project, the data files shall be given to the Engineer in a Pro-VAL- compatible file. Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Smoothness 602.05 - 399 - 12. The Engineer will perform or schedule verification tests on at least 10% of the lane miles of pavement surf ace, with a Department profiler. This verification testing will be performed in conjunction with the Contractor’s profile testing. The Contractor’s IR I results shall be within 10% of the Departments IRI results.
13.If the verification test, Indepen dent Assurance tests, or other observations indicate that the Contra ctor’s procedures or results are not acceptable and/or accurate, the Engineer may do any or all of the following:
a.Require the Contractor to calibrate the profiler and re-run the tests on some or all previous projects in the current construction season.
b.Disqualify the Contract or’s equipment or operator.
c.Perform the tests for part, or all, of the project with a profiler owned by the Department, and charge th e Contractor $500.00 per lane mile for all testing done by the Department.
14.The following areas of pavement shall be excluded from the IRI requirements.
a.Pavement on horizontal curv es having a centerline radius of curvature of less than 1,000 feet (300 m) and pavement within the superelevation transition of such curves.
b.Pavement within 50 feet (15 m) of a transverse joint that separates the pavement from an approach slab to a bridge deck or existing pavement not construct ed under the contract.
c.Pavement for truck weigh st ations, rest areas, acceleration/ deceleration lanes, and interchange ramps and loops.
d.Pavement within 50 feet (15 m) of railroad crossing and associated transitions.
e.Pavement with a posted spe ed limit of 45 miles per hour or less.
f.Mandated blockouts for access at intersections and driveways including 50 feet (15 m) on either side.
g.Pavement that would require handwork by normal industry practices.
h.Additional exceptions shown on the summary sheet in the plans.
15.Excluded pavement sections shall be measured for bumps and dips by the Contractor with a profiler or a 10 foot (3m) straight edge. If the profiler is used, the bump or surface deviation shall not exceed 0.30 inch (7.6 mm) in 25 feet. The deviation of the surface shall not exceed 1/8 inch (3 mm) if a 10 foot (3 m) straight edge is used.
602.05 Evaluation
1.The Contractor shall determine the IRI and number of correctable bumps and dips for each test section, record the information on the report form, and provide a copy of the report, along with the corresponding printed reports and profiles, to the Engineer.
602.05 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Smoothness
- 400 - a. The International Roughness I ndex (IRI) shall be calculated by the profiler software using the quarter-car simulation. IRI shall be reported in units of inches per mile.
b.Correctable bumps shall be s eparately identified by the profiler software in a summary report using th e California profilograph emulation. Bumps will appear as high points on the printed profile, and correspond to high points on the pavement surface. Correctable bumps are vertical deviations on the pavement surface that exceed 0.30 inch (7.6 mm) in height above a base line span of 25 feet (7.62 m).
c.Correctable dips shall be separately identified by the profiler software in a summary report using th e California profilograph emulation. Dips will appear as low points on the printed profile, and correspond to low points on the pavement surf ace. Correctable dips are vertical deviations on the pavement surface that exceed 0.30 inch in depth below a base line span of 25 feet.
602.06 Pavement Surface Correction
1.The Contractor shall locate and perform all required pavement surface corrective work, with the approval of and in the presence of, the Engineer. Corrective work may also be required for any combination of bumps, dips, or other roughness that, in the opinion of the Engineer, produces an objectionable ride. The Contractor may also locate and perform voluntary corrective work as described in Paragraphs 2.b. and 2.c. of this Subsection.
a.Corrective work shall be acco mplished by diamond grinding or by removal and replacement, at no cost to the Department.
b.Diamond grinding equipment used for surface correction shall be power driven, self-propelled units specifically designed to grind and texture pavements. The cutting head shall be at least 36 inches (0.9 m) wide and consist of many diamond blades with spacers. The Engineer may approve equipment with a narrower width for irregular and confined areas which will not accommodate larger equipment and for bumps of limited number and area.
c.The grinding shall be perfo rmed so that the cement aggregate bond will not be broken.
d.The Contractor shall re-test all corrected test sections with the profiler.
2.All bumps and dips, as def ined in Subsection 602.05, Paragraph 1.b. and 1.c., shall be corrected until t hey are at or below the 0.30 inch (7.6 mm) limit. All dips shall be correct ed by diamond grinding on either or both sides of the dip.
a.When the initial IRI of a te st section is 99 in/mi or less, mandatory bump and dip correction is the only corrective work allowed for that section.
b.When the IRI of a test secti on exceeds 99 in/mi, the Contractor may perform voluntary corrective work in that section, in addition to mandatory bump and dip correction work. Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Smoothness 602.08 - 401 - c. When the IRI of a test sect ion exceeds 124 in/mi, mandatory corrective work shall be performed to re duce the IRI of that section to a value of 124 in/mi or less. The Contra ctor may perform voluntary corrective work in that section, in addition to mandatory work.
d.Dip correction by diamond grinding shall not reduce the pavement thickness to less than the required plan thickness minus 1/4 inch.
3.When pavement removal and replacement is used for correction, the Contractor shall furnish the replacem ent material and construction at no cost to the Department.
a.All replacement material shal l meet the original specifications for the material removed.
b.Removal and replacement shall be for the full lane width for a distance determined by the Engineer.
c.Replacement material must meet the same smoothness requirements as the removed pavement.
602.07 Traffic Control
1.The Contractor shall provide all traffic control for smoothness testing and corrective work at no cost to the Department.
602.08 Method of Measurement
1.The unit price of the accepted quantity of Portland concrete pavement in each profilograph test section shall be adjusted according to the schedule in Table 602.01, subject to the limitations in Paragraphs 2, 3, and 4 of this Subsection. Pavement sect ions excluded from this smoothness specification shall not qu alify for incentive pay. Table 602.01 Payment Adjustment Schedule I R I P e r c e n t o f Inches per Lane Mile Contract Prices (mm per lane Kilometer) 0 to 43 (0 to 63) 106 Greater than 43 to 56 (63 to 126) 104 Greater than 56 to 68 (126 to 189) 102 Greater than 68 to 99 (189 to 347) 100 Greater than 99 to 105 (347 to 379) 97 Greater than 105 to 111 (379 to 410) 94 Greater than 111 to 117 (410 to 442) 92 Greater than 117 to 124 (442 to 473) 90 Greater than 124 (473) Corrective work required
2.When the initial IRI of a test section is 99 in/mi (347 mm/km) or less, that value shall determine the perc ent of incentive pay for the section, except that any mandator y correction work ( bumps or dips) performed in
602.08 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Smoothness
- 402 - that section may increase the percent of pay up to the 106% level indicated in Table 602.01.
3.When the initial IRI of a test section is greater than 99 in/mi (347 mm/km), mandatory or voluntary corrective work performed in that section may increase the percent of pa y up to the 100% level indicated in Table 602.01.
4.When the initial IRI of a test section is greater than 124 in/mi (473 mm/km), mandatory an d voluntary corrective work performed in that section may increase the percent of pa y up to the 100% level indicated in Table 602.01.
602.09 Basis of Payment
1.The overall pay factor for the a ccepted quantity of Portland cement concrete pavement in all profile test sections shall be determined according to the formula in Table 602.02. Table 602.02 Pay Factor Formula PF = A(1.06) + B(1.04) + C(1.02) + D( 1.00) + E(0.97) + F(0.94) + G(0.92) + H(0.90) A + B + C + D + E + F + G + H Where: A = Length of pavement with an IRI of 0 to 43 inches per mile (0 to 63 mm/km) B = Length of pavement with an IRI greater than 43 to 56 inches per mile (63 to 126 mm/km) C = Length of pavement with an IRI great er than 56 to 68 inches per mile (126 to 189 mm/km) D = Length of pavement with an IRI great er than 68 to 99 inches per mile (189 to 347 mm/km) E = Length of pavement with an IRI gr eater than 99 to 105 inches per mile (347 to 379 mm/km) F = Length of pavement with an IRI greater than 105 to 111 inches per mile (379 to 410 mm/km) G = Length of pavement with an IRI greater than 111 to 117 inches per mile (410 to 442 mm/km) H = Length of pavement with an IRI greater than 117 to 124 inches per mile (442 to 473 mm/km)
2.The work of smoothness testing shall be paid for at the lump sum contract unit price. This price shall be full compensation for all smoothness testing as set forth in this Specification. - 403 - SECTION 603 -- CO NCRETE PAVEMENT
603.01 Description
1.This work shall consist of furnishing all materials and constructing Portland cement concrete pavements, approach slabs, and headers. They are to be constructed on a prepared subgrade, modified subgrade or foundation course.
603.02 Material Requirements
1.The concrete class for pavements, headers and bridge approach slabs shall be as specified in the contract.
2.All materials shall be furnished by the Contractor and shall conform to the requirements of the Sections shown in Table 603.01. Table 603.01 Material Requirements Applicable Materials Section Fly Ash ........................................................... 1008 Admixtures ..................................................... 1007 Curing Materi als ............................................. 101 0, 1011, 1012, 1013 Aggregates .................................................... 1033 Deformed Metal Join t Material ....................... 1027 Dowel Bars .................................................... 1022 Joint Sealing Filler .......................................... 1014 Portland Cement Concrete ............................ 1002 Preformed Join t Filler ..................................... 1015 Preformed Polychloroprene Elastomeric Joint Se als .................................................. 1016 Reinforcing Steel ............................................ 1020, 1021, 1024 Tie Bars ......................................................... 1020 Water ............................................................. 1005
603.03 Construction Methods
1.General Preparation:
a.The Contractor shall pre pare the subgrade as described in Section 302 or the contract.
b.The foundation course shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of Secti on 307 or in the contract.
c.In no case shall concrete be placed upon an unstable or frozen subgrade or foundation course.
2.Slip-Form Preparation:
a.Grade control shall be maintained by the Contractor. (1) Conventional Stringline shall be installed utilizing the construction staking provided by the Department or by the Contractor if Contractor Staking is required.
2.Stringless machine grade control may be utilized, provided that the Contractor prep ares a digital terrain model (DTM) to a system specifically designed to control the paving equipment. The Contractor shall provide elevations from the DTM at key locations selected by the Engineer,
Source: Nebraska Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2017 Edition. Pages 430–436 of 1,048.