DESCRIPTION
632.01.01 General. This work consists of applying permanent pavement markings on the completed pavement.
MATERIALS
632.02.01 General. Material shall conform to the following Sections:
Traffic Paint ................................ ............................................................................................................................................ Section 729 Traffic Beads .......................................................................................................................................................................... Section 730 Use epoxy , waterborne, or polyurea traffic paint materials as specified for the pavement striping items shown in the proposal. CONSTRUCTION
632.03.01 General. Perform stakeout for the location of the pavement striping according to the plans, Special
Provisions, these specifications, and as directed. The location of striping shall closely parallel the striping pattern depicted on the plan sheets. Place markings in proper alignment. Do not deviate from alignment by more than 25 mm (1 in.) per 60 m (200 ft) of roadway. Do not exceed 50 mm (2 in.) maximum deviation and do not create abrupt deviations. Remove and replace markings not placed in proper alignment or pattern by approved met hods. Place striping in the direction of traffic flow. Protect the pavement striping from public traffic until dry by the use of traffic cones or by any other approved means. Painted pavement striping shall be 100 mm (4 in.) wide unless otherwise noted. The paint pattern for a broken line shall consist of a 3.05 m (10 ft) stripe and a 9.14 m (30 ft) gap. The paint pattern for a dotted line at lane drops shall consist of a 0.91 m (3 ft) stripe and a 3.66 m (12 ft) gap. The paint pattern for dotted lines (cat tracks) at intersection turn lane lines and at the end of bike lanes at intersections shall consist of a 0.61 m (2 ft) stripe and a 1.22 m (4 ft) gap. Place permanent striping materials (or temporary markings if allowed) at the end of each day’s pavi ng operations or before allowing public traffic on any final plantmix bituminous surface course. Protect paint lines, symbols, and legends from tracking during the setting period by closing off the wet markings from traffic, us ing a convoy of moving vehic les to prevent traffic crossing the markings, or saturation of the markings with glass beads to prevent tracking.
632.03.02 Striping Equipment. Use only equipment designed for epoxy, waterborne, or polyurea traffic paints.
Use equipment with a system capable of spraying both yellow and white paint, mounted on a truck of sufficient size and stability, and having an adequate power source to produce lines of uniform dimension and prevent application failure. Use equipment capable of placing stripes on the lef t and right sides and of placing two lines simultaneously with either line in a solid or intermittent pattern in yellow or white, and of applying glass beads at the proper rate. Guns shall be in full view of operators at all times. Provide equipment with a metering device to register the accumulated installed footage for each gun, each day. Include at least one operator in each vehicle who is a technical expert in equipment operations and application techniques. Use equipment designed so that the pressure gauges for each pump are constantly visible to the operator at all times during its operation so that any fluctuation and pressure difference can be monitored immediately. Equip each paint tank with a mechanical agitator. Application equipment for epoxy paint shall have a static mixer unit for proper mixing of the two components of the epoxy paint material. Application equipment for polyurea paint shall have a static mixer unit for proper mixing of the two components of the polyurea paint material or shal l include the impingement mix, airless spray application system for liquid 632 PERMANENT PAINTED PAVEMENT MARKINGS materials. Pumps shall accommodate a plural component material system that has a volumetric mixing ratio. Equip each resin tank with a mechanical agitator. Select the spray tip, mix chamber, and rod diameter to provide proper mixing. Applicator shall maintain individual resin components and manufacturer’s recommended temperature for spray application. Use separate temperature controls for each component. Application equipment shall have an air nozzle mounted ahead of the spray system to provide high- pressure air cleaning of the pavement surface prior to the application of the polyurea material. At all times during striping operations, provide free access to application equipment for inspection.
632.03 03 Surface Preparation. Remove loose particles, dirt, tar, grease, and other deleterious material from
the surface to be marked. Remove existing traffic markings by blasting or grinding. Remove curing compound on Portland cement concrete by blasting. Remove existing markings so that at least 95% of the underlying pavement is visible. Remove the abrasive material from the pavement surface before the pavement is opened to uncontrolled traffic flow. Any temporary paint applied to delineat e traffic lines on new plantmix bituminous open- graded surface, which matches the location and type of the permanent paint, need not be removed before the final application of the pavement striping.
632.03.04 Application. (a) Epoxy Pavement Striping. Apply the epoxy paint markings to a clean and dry
surface to obtain the following minimum dry thicknesses, measured without drop- on glass beads: On bituminous surface ................................ ............................................................................................................ 500 μm (20 mils) On Portland cement surface .................................................................................................................................... 500 μm (20 mils) Dry film thickness wil l be determined according to Test Method No. Nev. T510. Apply the epoxy striping on the new plantmix bituminous open- graded surface not sooner than 7 days, nor more than 21 days after completion of the open- graded surface. If the epoxy striping is not applied within the 21 days after completion of the open- graded surface, liquidated damages will be assessed according to Subsection 108.09. The 7 to 21 day application period, and associated liquidated damages, will be applied to specific phasing, staging, or work zones if designated in Subsections 108.04 and 108.09. Place either temporary markers or temporary epoxy paint to delineate traffic lines on any new plantmix bituminous open- graded surface which does not yet have the permanent striping applied, if r equired to allow public traffic thereon. If electing to use temporary markers, see Subsection 633.03.03 for installation requirements. If electing to use temporary striping, see Subsection 636.03.01 for application requirements. Produce markings of unifor m thickness and with uniform distribution of glass beads throughout the line width. The width of lines shall be as specified with tolerance of ± 6 mm (1/4 in.) for 100 mm (4 in.) lines and 13 mm (1/2 in.) for wider lines. Produce markings with sharp edges and cutoff at the ends. The pavement surface where the epoxy is to be placed shall have a minimum temperature of 16 ° C (60 ° F). The air temperature shall be at least 10 ° C (50 ° F) during marking operations. Determine the pavement surface temperature and air temperature before the start of each day of marking operations and at any other time ordered. Heat the epoxy paint marking material to the manufacturer’s recommended temperature before application to the pavement. Apply the traffic beads by the doubl e drop method. This method requires Type I and Type II reflective glass spheres to be injected into or dropped onto the liquid epoxy marking. Apply each type simultaneously, at a minimum rate of 1.1 kg/L (9 lb/gal) of resin to achieve 2.2 kg/L (18 lb/gal) minimum total application. Apply Type I beads first, then immediately follow by the application of Type II beads. The beads shall adhere to the cured epoxy or all marking operations shall cease until corrections are made. Application rates will be checked at convenient intervals by comparing tallies of materials used to the lengths of lines placed. For initial application, and occasionally during the course of the work, the Engineer may also check application to a preweighed sheet specifically placed for t est purposes. Do not apply drop- on spheres for this test.
b.Rapid Dry Waterborne Traffic Paint. Apply paint to an approved clean and dry surface. Apply by a single application with a machine capable of dispensing beads immediately after paint is applied. Do not use a thinner unless otherwise approved. PERMANENT PAINTED PAVEMENT MARKINGS 632 Apply the waterborne striping on the new plantmix bituminous open- graded surface not sooner than 7 days, nor more than 21 days after completion of the open- graded surface. If the waterborne striping is not applied within the 21 days after completion of the open- graded surface, liquidated damages will be assessed according to Subsection 108.09. The 7 to 21 day application period, and associated liquidated damages, will be applied to specific phasing, staging, or work zones if designated in Subsections 108.04 and 108.09. Place either temporary markers or temporary waterborne paint to delineate traffic lines on any new plantmix bituminous open- graded surface which does not yet have the permanent striping applied, if required to allow public traffic thereon. If electing to use temporary markers, see Subsection 633.03.03 for installation requirements. If electing to use temporary striping, see Subsection 636.03.01 for application requirements. Do not apply paint when the ambient air temperature or the pavement temperature is below 7 ° C (45 °F). Apply Type I waterborne paint markings to obtain a 450 µm (18 mils) minimum wet film thickness and a 270 µm (11 mils) minimum dry film thickness, measured without dr op-on glass beads. Apply Type II waterborne paint markings to obtain a 620 µm (25 mils) minimum wet film thickness and a 380 µm (15 mils) minimum dry film thickness, measured without drop- on glass beads. Dry film thickness will be determined according t o Test Method No. Nev. T510. Apply beads at a rate of 1.1 kg/L (9 lb/gal) of paint. Produce markings of uniform thickness and with uniform distribution of glass beads throughout the line width. The width of lines shall be as specified with tolerance of ± 6 mm (1/4 in.) for 100 mm (4 in.) lines and 13 mm (1/2 in.) for wider lines. Produce markings with sharp edges and cutoff at the ends. Application rates will be checked at convenient intervals by comparing tallies of materials used to the lengths of lines placed. For initial application, and occasionally during the course of the work, the Engineer may also check application to a preweighed sheet specifically placed for test purposes. Do not apply drop- on spheres for this test.
c.Polyurea Pavement Striping. Apply the polyurea paint markings to a clean and dry surface to obtain the following minimum dry film thicknesses, measured without drop- on glass beads or reflective elements: On bitu minous surface .................................................................................................................................................... 630 μm (25 mils) On Portland cement surface ............................................................................................................................................ 500 μm (20 mils) Apply the polyurea striping on the new plantmix bituminous open- graded surface or seal coated surfaces no sooner than 14 days after placement of the open- graded surface or seal coat, but within 28 days. If the polyurea striping is not placed within the 28 days after allowing public traffic thereon, liquidated damages will be assessed according to Subsection 108.09. The 14 to 28 day application period, and associated liquidated damages, will be applied to specific phasing, staging, or work zones if designated in Subsections 108.04 and 108.09. Place either temporary markers or temporary polyurea paint to delineate traffic lines on any new plantmix bituminous open- graded surface that does not yet have the permanent striping applied, if required t o allow public traffic thereon. If electing to use temporary markers see Subsection 633.03.03 for installation requirements. If electing to use temporary striping, see Subsection 636.03.01 for application requirements. Follow manufacturer’s recommendation for volumetric mixing ratio. Produce markings of uniform thickness and with uniform distribution of glass beads or glass beads and reflective elements throughout the line width. The width of lines shall be as specified with tolerance of ± 6 mm (1/4 in.) for 100 mm (4 in.) lines and 13 mm (1/2 in.) for wider lines. Produce markings with shar p edges and cutoff at the ends. The pavement surface where the polyurea is to be placed shall have a minimum temperature of 4 ° C (40 ° F). The air temperature shall be at least 4 °C (40 ° F) during marking operations. Determine the pavement surface temperature and air temperature before the start of each day of marking operations and at any other time as directed . Heat the polyurea paint marking material to the manufacturer's recommended temperature before application to the pavement. 632 PERMANENT PAINTED PAVEMENT MARKINGS Apply the reflective media by one of the following methods:
1.Double Drop with Glass Sphere Method. This method requires Type I and Type II reflective glass spheres to be injected into or dropped onto the liquid polyurea marking. Apply each type simultaneously, at a minimum rate of 1.1 kg/L (9 lb/gal) of resin to achieve 2.2 kg/L (18 lb/gal) minimum total application. Apply Type I beads first, then immediately follow by the application of Type II beads. The beads shall adhere to the cured polyurea or all marking operations shall cease until corrections are made.
2.Double Drop with Glass Sphere and Reflective Element Method. This method requires Type III glass spheres and reflective elements to be dropped onto the liquid polyurea marking. Apply reflective media simultaneously, at a minimum rate of 1.0 kg/L (8.0 lb/gal) of glass spheres and a minimum rate of 0.64 kg/L (5.4 lb/gal) of reflective elements for a 500 μm (20 mil) binder thicknes s application. Minimum application rates shall be 0.75 kg/L (6.36 lb/gal) of glass spheres and 0.5 kg/L (4.24 lb/gal) of reflective elements for a 630 μm (25 mil) binder thickness application. Apply the reflective elements first, then immediately follow by the application of the glass spheres. The reflective media shall adhere to the cured polyurea or all marking operations shall cease until corrections are made. Conduct one or more test strips prior to the start of striping operations. If an adequate location does not exist on the project site for applying the test strips, supply roofing paper and place on the pavement to construct the test strips. Each test strip shall consist of approximately 30 m ( 100 ft) of linear pavement striping similar to that required for the project. The purpose of the test strips is to demonstrate the capability of the proposed polyurea resin striping material, the equipment, and procedures to place polyurea resin traffic stripes that comply with these specifications including di mensions, appearance (uniform color and crisp, well defined edges), wet film thickness, drying time, application, and retention. When the test strips are in compliance, striping operations will be permitted to proceed.
632.03.05 Final Acceptance. Final ac ceptance will be based on compliance with these specifications.
Provide a 30 m geometry reflectometer from one of the manufacturers listed in the QPL for reflectivity measurements. Take retroreflective readings one to two weeks after installation of pavem ent striping. Perform retroreflective readings according to Test Method No. Nev. T511. The locations and number of readings for the type of pavement striping will be determined. The completed marking shall conform to the following requirements: Type Color Specific Luminance, mcd/(m2 • lux) Epoxy ................................ .................. White ................................ ............. 375 Minimum Epoxy ................................ .................. Yellow ............................................ 275 Minimum Waterborne ................................ .............. White ................................ ............. 250 Minimum Waterborne ................................ .............. Yellow ............................................ 175 Minimum Polyurea ................................................ White ................................ ............. 550 Minimum Polyurea ................................................ Yellow ............................................ 300 Minimum METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
632.04.01 Measurement. Epoxy , waterborne, and polyurea pavement striping will be measured by the linear
meter (linear foot), kilometer (mile), or square meter (square foot) for the type specified. Double solid and broken w/solid line s will be considered as a single line when measured for payment. Gaps in broken and dotted lines will be included in the linear measurement. BASIS OF PAYMENT
632.05.01 Payment. The accepted quantities, measured as specified above, will be paid for at the contract
price per unit of measurement for the pay items listed below that are shown in the proposal. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. Payment will be made under: Pay Item Pay Unit Epoxy Pavement Striping (*) ............................................................................................. Linear Meter or Kilometer (Linear Foot or Mile) Epoxy Pavement Striping (Varies) ................................................................................................................. Square Meter (Square Foot) Waterborne Pavement Striping (type) (*) ........................................................................... Linear Meter or Kilometer (Linear Foot or Mile) Waterborne Pavement Striping (type) (Varies) .............................................................................................. Square Meter (Square Foot) Polyurea Pavement Striping (*) ......................................................................................... Linear Meter or Kilometer (Linear Foot or Mile) Polyurea Pavement Striping (Varies) ............................................................................................................. Square Meter (Square Foot) * Color and pattern as indicated in the proposal. SECTION 633 PAVEMENT MARKERS DESCRIPTION
633.01.01 General. This work consists of furnishing and placing pavement markers.
Use pavement markers of an approved color. Off -color markers shall constitute grounds for rejection. This work also consists of furnishing and placing temporary reflective lane line markers. MATERIALS
633.02.01 Non -Reflective Pavement Markers. Non- reflective pavement markers shall consist of a heat -fired,
vitreous, ceramic base and a heat -fired, opaque, glazed surface. Produce the markers from any suitable combination of intimately mixed clays, shales, tales, flints, feldspars, or other inorganic material. Thoroughly and evenly mature and free the markers from defects which effect appearance or serviceability. The top surface of the non- reflective marker shall be convex and the radius of curvature shall be between 88 mm (3.5 in.) and 150 mm (6 in.), except that the radius of the 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) nearest the edge may be less. Any change in curvature shall be gradual. The top and sides shall be smooth and free of mold marks, pits, indentation, air bubbles, or other objectionable marks or discolorations. The bottom of the ceramic markers shall be free from gloss or glaze and shall have areas of integrally formed protrusions proj ecting from the surface which will increase the effective bonding surface area of adhesive. The faces of the protrusions shall not deviate more than 1 mm (0.04 in.) from a flat surface. The areas of protrusion shall have faces parallel to the bottom of the marker and shall project approximately 1 mm (0.04 in.) from the bottom. The area of protrusions shall constitute a minimum of 30% of the area of the bottom of the marker and shall increase the bonding surface area by a minimum of 24%. To facilitate forming and mold release, the sides of the protruded area may be tapered. This taper shall not exceed 15 degrees from the perpendicular to the marker bottom. The non- reflective ceramic type markers shall conform to the following tests:
a.Adhesive Bond Strength (to bottom surface of the marker) .................................................................... 4.8 MPa (700 psi) Min.
b.Glaze Thickness ........................................................................................................................................... 130 μm (5 mil) Min.
c.Moh Hardness ................................ ................................................................................................................................. 6 Min.
d.Directional Reflectance (white markers only)
1.Glazed Surface ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 Min.
2.Body of Marker ...................................................................................................................................................... 65 Min.
e.Yellowness Index (white markers only)
1.Glazed Surface ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 Max.
2.Body of Marker ..................................................................................................................................................... 16 Max.
f.Color (yellow markers only)
1.Purity .............................................................................................................................................................. 76% to 96%
2.Dominant Wave Length .............................................................................................................................. 579 to 585 nm
3.Total Luminous Reflectance (Y value x 100) ................................ .......................................................................... 41 Min.
g.Autoclave Reflectance ........................................................................................................ Glaze shall not spall, crack , or peel
h.Strength ................................ ................................ ................................................................................ 6,670 N (1,500 lb) Min.
i.Water Absorption ................................ ..................................................................................................................... 2.0% Max. Plastic non-reflective pavement markers may be used in lieu of the ceramic type markers specified above. The plastic type markers shall be either polyester or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic type. Polyester markers shall consist of polyester resin binder, inert organic filler material , and colorant pigments and shall conform to the test requir ements for ceramic type markers except the requirement for adhesive bond strength in Test (a) shall be 3.3 MPa (480 psi) minimum and Tests (b), (c), (g), and (i) shall not apply. ABS markers shall consist of ABS plastic conforming to ASTM D4673, Designati on ABS0122, and shall conform to the test requirements for ceramic type markers except Tests (a), (b), (c), (g), and (i) shall not apply. The bottom of ABS plastic markers shall be configured to produce a structural bond with the pavement. Use non- reflect ive pavement markers listed in the QPL.
Source: Nevada Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2014 Edition. Pages 449–452 of 610.