DESCRIPTION
633.01.01 General. This work consists of furnishing and placing pavement markers.
Use pavement markers of an approved color. Off -color markers shall constitute grounds for rejection. This work also consists of furnishing and placing temporary reflective lane line markers. MATERIALS
633.02.01 Non -Reflective Pavement Markers. Non- reflective pavement markers shall consist of a heat -fired,
vitreous, ceramic base and a heat -fired, opaque, glazed surface. Produce the markers from any suitable combination of intimately mixed clays, shales, tales, flints, feldspars, or other inorganic material. Thoroughly and evenly mature and free the markers from defects which effect appearance or serviceability. The top surface of the non- reflective marker shall be convex and the radius of curvature shall be between 88 mm (3.5 in.) and 150 mm (6 in.), except that the radius of the 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) nearest the edge may be less. Any change in curvature shall be gradual. The top and sides shall be smooth and free of mold marks, pits, indentation, air bubbles, or other objectionable marks or discolorations. The bottom of the ceramic markers shall be free from gloss or glaze and shall have areas of integrally formed protrusions proj ecting from the surface which will increase the effective bonding surface area of adhesive. The faces of the protrusions shall not deviate more than 1 mm (0.04 in.) from a flat surface. The areas of protrusion shall have faces parallel to the bottom of the marker and shall project approximately 1 mm (0.04 in.) from the bottom. The area of protrusions shall constitute a minimum of 30% of the area of the bottom of the marker and shall increase the bonding surface area by a minimum of 24%. To facilitate forming and mold release, the sides of the protruded area may be tapered. This taper shall not exceed 15 degrees from the perpendicular to the marker bottom. The non- reflective ceramic type markers shall conform to the following tests:
a.Adhesive Bond Strength (to bottom surface of the marker) .................................................................... 4.8 MPa (700 psi) Min.
b.Glaze Thickness ........................................................................................................................................... 130 μm (5 mil) Min.
c.Moh Hardness ................................ ................................................................................................................................. 6 Min.
d.Directional Reflectance (white markers only)
1.Glazed Surface ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 Min.
2.Body of Marker ...................................................................................................................................................... 65 Min.
e.Yellowness Index (white markers only)
1.Glazed Surface ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 Max.
2.Body of Marker ..................................................................................................................................................... 16 Max.
f.Color (yellow markers only)
1.Purity .............................................................................................................................................................. 76% to 96%
2.Dominant Wave Length .............................................................................................................................. 579 to 585 nm
3.Total Luminous Reflectance (Y value x 100) ................................ .......................................................................... 41 Min.
g.Autoclave Reflectance ........................................................................................................ Glaze shall not spall, crack , or peel
h.Strength ................................ ................................ ................................................................................ 6,670 N (1,500 lb) Min.
i.Water Absorption ................................ ..................................................................................................................... 2.0% Max. Plastic non-reflective pavement markers may be used in lieu of the ceramic type markers specified above. The plastic type markers shall be either polyester or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic type. Polyester markers shall consist of polyester resin binder, inert organic filler material , and colorant pigments and shall conform to the test requir ements for ceramic type markers except the requirement for adhesive bond strength in Test (a) shall be 3.3 MPa (480 psi) minimum and Tests (b), (c), (g), and (i) shall not apply. ABS markers shall consist of ABS plastic conforming to ASTM D4673, Designati on ABS0122, and shall conform to the test requirements for ceramic type markers except Tests (a), (b), (c), (g), and (i) shall not apply. The bottom of ABS plastic markers shall be configured to produce a structural bond with the pavement. Use non- reflect ive pavement markers listed in the QPL. 633 PAVEMENT MARKERS
633.02.02 Reflective Pavement Markers. Reflective pavement markers shall be of the prismatic reflector type
consisting of a methyl methacrylate or suitably compounded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) shell fill ed with a mixture of an inert thermosetting compound and filler material. The exterior surface of the shell shall be smooth and contain one or two methyl methacrylate prismatic reflector faces of the color specified. The reflective lens shall not contain any voids of airspace and the back lens shall be metallized. Fabricate the shell with a mechanical interlock between the thermosetting compound and the shell. Bond the thermosetting compound directly to the backside of the metallized lens surface. The bas e of the marker shall be flat [the deviation from a flat surface shall not exceed 1 mm (0.04 in.)], rough textured and free from gloss or substances which may reduce its bond to the adhesive. The color of the reflector when illuminated by an automobile headlight shall be an approved color. Off-color reflection shall constitute grounds for rejection. The daylight color of the marker body shall be an approved color, compatible with the color of the primary lens. Note that the 100 mm (4 in.) x 100 mm (4 in.) x 10 mm (0.4 in.) size of the reflective pavement marker shown on Standard Plan Sheet T -37.1.1 is only a common size and other sizes of markers may be accepted. The reflective type markers shall conform to the following tests:
a.Adhesive Bond Strengt h (to bottom surface of the markers) ................................ ................................ .. 3.4 MPa (500 psi) M in.
b.Reflectance ................................ .................................................................................................................... Specific Intensity Clear Yellow Red 0 degree Incidence Angle, Min. ................................ ........................ 3.0 ....................... 1.5 ..................... 0.75 20 degrees Incidence Angle, M in. ..................................................... 1.2 ...................... 0.60 .................... 0.30
c.Strength ................................ ................................................................................................................ 8,900 N (2,000 lb) M in.
d.Water Soak Resistance ................................ ............ No delamination of body or lens system of marker nor loss of reflectance Failure of the markers body or filler material before reaching 3.4 MPa (500 psi) in the bond strength test, test (a) above, shall also constitute a failing bond strength test. Deformation of the marker of more than 3 mm (0.125 in.) at a load of less than 8,900 N (2,000 lb) or delamination of the shell and the filler material of more than 3 mm (0.125 in.) regardless of the load required to break the marker shall be cause for rejection of the marker. Use reflective pavement markers listed in the QPL.
633.02.03 Recessed Reflective Pavement Markers. Reflective pavement markers to be placed in pavement
recesses shall conform to S ubsection 633.02.02 with the following exceptions. The pavement markers need not conform to the strength requirements, and the specific intensity requirements shall apply after abrading the lens surface by the following Steel Wool Abrasion Procedure: Form a 25 mm (1 in.) diameter flat pad using No. 3 coarse steel wool conforming to FSS FF -W-1825. Place the steel wool pad on the reflector lens. Apply a load of 23 kg (50 lb) and rub the entire lens surface 100 times. Use recessed reflective pavement markers listed in the QPL.
633.02.04 Adhesive for Pavement Markers. Use adhesives for pavement markers listed in the QPL.
633.02.05 Temporary Reflective Lane Line Markers. Use temporary reflective lane line markers listed in
the QPL. The temporary lane line markers used for centerlines shall have yellow bodies and yellow reflective sheeting on both sides. The temporary lane line markers used for lane lines or edge lines shall have the same body and reflector color as required for the permanent striping and the reflective sheeting shall be only required on the side that faces oncoming traffic.
633.02.06 Certificates. Furnish certificates of compliance executed by the manufacturers of the markers and
adhesives attesting that they conform to these specifications. PAVEMENT MARKERS 633 CONSTRUCTION
633.03.01 Pavement Marker Installation. Remove dirt, curing compound, grease, oil, moisture, loose or
unsound layers, paint and any other deleterious material from the surface to be marked. Clean Portland cement concrete by blast cleaning. Uniformly place the adhesive on the cleaned pavement surface or on the bottom of the marker in a quantity sufficient to result in complete coverage of the area of the contact of the marker with no voids present and with a slight excess after the marker has been pressed in place. Place the marker in position and apply pressure until firm contact is made with the pavement. Immediately remove excess adhesive around the edge of the marker, on the pavement, and on the exposed surfaces of the markers. Remove adhesive from exposed faces of pavement markers with soft rags moistened with mineral spirits or kerosene. Prepare and apply the adhesive according to the manufacturer’s requirements. Protect the markers against impact until the adhesive has sufficiently hard ened to keep traffic from dislodging the markers. Install markers to the line established by the Engineer. Install reflective markers so that the reflective face of the marker is at right angles to a line parallel to the roadway centerline. Do not instal l pavement markers over longitudinal or transverse joints of the pavement surface.
633.03.02 Pavement Recesses. Locate pavement recesses along the line of new or existing stripes. Select
method to construct recesses. Use power -operated equipment capable of removing the pavement to the dimensions shown on the plans. Remove residue from the roadbed with vacuum equipment and dispose according to Subsection 107.14.
633.03.03 Temporary Lane Line Marker Installation. Install temporary lane line markers according to the
manufacturer’s recommendations. Maintain the markers by replacing lost or damaged markers daily. Use temporary lane line markers specified in Subsection 633.02.05. The patterns and spacing for the temporary pavement markers shall be as follows:
1.For broken lines, place groups of 3 markers spaced longitudinally 600 mm (24 in.) apart at 12 m (40 ft) intervals.
2.For double yellow lines, place 2 markers side by side with a 100 mm (4 in.) separation between markers at 6 m (20 ft) intervals.
3.For the centerline in a one way passing zones, place 2 markers side by side with a 100 mm (4 in.) separation between markers at 6 m (20 ft) intervals.
4.For edge lines, place markers at 6 m (20 ft) intervals.
a.Installation of Temporary Markers on Open- Graded Surface. Temporary markers may be required to be placed on the new plantmix bituminous open- graded surface. See Subsection 632.03.04 for limitations on the application of pavement striping and optional placement of temporary markers. The adhesive used with the temporary lane line markers shall not damage the pavement surface when they are removed. Remove the markers placed on the new plantmix bituminous open- graded surface just before the application of the permanent striping. There will be no add itional compensation for furnishing, installing, maintaining, and removing temporary lane line markers placed on the new plantmix bituminous open- graded surface before applying the permanent striping.
b.Installation of Temporary Markers with the Application of Screenings. In areas to receive a surface treatment of screenings, apply the temporary lane line markers before application of the bituminous material. After placement of screenings and before allowing public traffic on the roadway surface, remove the clear protective coverings from the temporary lane line marker reflectors. Equip temporary lane line markers with an additional clear protective covering when a seal coat is to be applied on the screenings. After application of the seal coat and befor e allowing public traffic on the roadway surface, remove the secondary clear protective coverings from the temporary lane line marker reflectors. Maintain the markers by replacing lost or damaged markers daily. The markers need not be removed after the application of the permanent striping. 633 PAVEMENT MARKERS METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
633.04.01 Measurement. Pavement markers or temporary lane line markers will be measured by the each.
BASIS OF PAYMENT
633.05.01 Payment. The accepted quantities, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract
price per unit of measurement for the pay items listed below that are shown in the proposal. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. Payment will be made under: Pay Item Pay Unit Non-Reflective Pavement Markers .................................................................................................................................................... Each Reflective Pavement Markers ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ Each Reflective Pavement Markers (Recessed) ................................ ......................................................................................................... Each Temporary Lane Line Markers (color) ............................................................................................................................................... Each SECTION 634 P AVEMENT MARKING FILM DE SCRIPTION 634.
01.01 General. This work consists of furnishing and placing pavement marking tape and thermoplastic
marking material. M ATERIALS 634.
02.01 General. Material shall conform to the following Section:
Pavement Marking Film .......................................................................................................................................................... Section 732 P rotect marking film from unnecessary exposure to extreme temperatures before installation by proper packaging and storage. Marking film showing signs of physical damage or effects of prolonged storage which may affect its performance will be rejected. 634.
02.02 Thermoplastic Material. Use either hot applied or preformed thermoplastic materials for the
thermoplastic pavement marking items shown in the proposal. The thermoplastic pavement marking materials shall be capable of application on asphaltic surfaces and Portland cement concrete surfaces. CO NSTRUCTION 634.
03.01 General. Perform stakeout for the proper location of the pavement marking film.
T he pavement marking film shall be 100 mm (4 in.) wide unless noted otherwise. T he pattern for a broken line shall consist of a 3 m (10 ft) stripe and a 9 m (30 ft) gap. P rovide marking film colors and configurations according to the plans and the MUTCD. A pply the pavement marking film to new open- graded plantmix surface before public traffic is allowed on the freshly paved surface. 634.
03.02 Pavement Marking Tape. Inlay tape in the fresh surface during the final rolling of the mat before the
open- graded plantmix surface temperature falls below 71 °C (160 °F). A pply pavement marking tape as per manufacturer’s recommendations. W ithin 48 hours after application, the tape shall resist a minimum 35 N (8 lb) pull when tested according to Test Method No. Nev. T512. 634.
03.03 Thermoplastic Material Application. Produce thermoplastic markings that are straight and have
sharp edges: that are the specified color, width, and thickness; that have uniform retroreflectivity; and that are properly bonded to the pavement. (
a.Hot Applied Thermoplastic. Mechanically wire brush the existing surface which is to receive the thermoplastic material to remove all dirt and contaminants. Mechanically wire brush or abrasive blast clean the surface of new Portland cement concrete which is to receive the thermoplastic material to remove all laitance and curing compound. R emove and replace any existing pavement markings damaged by the blast cleaning or wire brushing. A pply the thermoplastic material to dry pavement surfaces and only when the surface temperature is above 10 °C (50 °F). A pply a primer, of the type recommended by the manufacturer of the thermoplastic material, to all asphaltic surfaces over 6 months old and to all Portland cement concrete surfaces. Apply the primer immediately in advance of, but concurrent with, the application of the thermoplastic material. Apply the primer at the application rate recommended by the manufacturer and do not thin.
Source: Nevada Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2014 Edition. Pages 453–456 of 610.