SECTION 405 - COLD MIX BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT (OPEN GRADED)
405-1 DESCRIPTION. This work shall consist of constructing one or more courses of cold mix
bituminous pavement on a prepared base in accordance with these specifications and in substantial conformance with the lines, grades, thicknesses, and typical cross-sections shown on the plans or established by the Engineer.
405-2 Materials
405-2.01 Bituminous Material. The bituminous materials required for mixing and for sealing shall meet
the requirements of section 702, Bituminous Materials. The type and grade of bituminous material shall be that indicated on the plans or in the proposal.
405-2.02 Aggregates. The aggregates shall be Department approved aggregates meeting the
requirements of § 703-02, Coarse Aggregates, for the sizes specified. Screened gravel shall not be permitted unless specified on the plans or in the proposal.
405-2.03 Composition of Mixtures. The bituminous cold mix shall be composed of a mixture of
aggregate and bituminous material as ordered and approved by the Engineer. The mix shall be proportioned as specified in Table 405-1, Composition of Cold Bituminous Mixtures. TABLE 405-1 COMPOSITION OF COLD BITUMINOUS MIXTURES Sieve Size Mixes Type 1 General Limits % passing1 Type 2 General Limits % passing1 Type 3 General Limits % passing1 2 in - - 100 1 1/2 in - 100 75-100 1 in 100 90-100 50-80 1/2 in 90-100 15-45 0-15 1/4 in 15-45 0-10 - 1/8 in 0-10 - - No. 200 0-1.0 0-1.0 0-1.0 Bituminous Material2,3 4.7-7.0 4.0-6.0 3.5-5.5 Description Open, Coarse Texture Open, Coarse Texture Open, Coarse Texture Typical Uses Surface Course Intermediate Base Course 1 Percentage based on total aggregate weight.
2.Total Emulsion Percentage based on total mix weight. 3 When crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag aggregate is selected, the above bituminous material content shall be increased approximately 25%.
405-3 Construction Requirements
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NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Sections 200 - 599 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS (USC) January 1, 2026 Volume 2
405-3.01 Weather Limitations. Bituminous material or mixture shall not be applied on any soft
surfaces, when the surface is wet, when the temperature of the surface on which the mixture is to be placed is below 45°F, or when other weather conditions would prevent proper construction of the pavement.
405-3.02 Equipment. The following equipment shall be required:
A.Either central pugmill mixer and bituminous paver or Travel plant mixer
B.Bituminous material distributor
C.Steel wheeled roller, 8-12 Ton or Approved vibratory roller
D.Chip spreader
E.Power broom
F.Motor grader, if required
G.Miscellaneous equipment to perform the work All equipment and the condition of the equipment for this work shall be subject to approval of the Engineer at all times. Mixing shall be done with a rotating twin paddle shaft pugmill providing suitable pressure-kneading action in mixing. Mixing by blading, shoveling and/or scooping will not be permitted. The materials shall be mixed either by the travel mix plant method or in a central pugmill mixer. The mixer shall be either a continuous traveling type, central continuous or batch type pugmill designed to accurately proportion wither by volume or by weight, so that when the aggregate and bituminous materials are incorporated in the mix, a thorough and uniform coating will result. The mixer shall be equipped to mechanically or electrically interlock the bituminous feed with the aggregate feed such that uniformity of the mixture is assured at all times. The pugmill mixer, either traveling or central type, shall be provided with weighing, volumetric or other gauging equipment which shall be capable of providing accurate control at all times of the amount of aggregate entering the mixer per time interval. On the central continuous type pugmill a mechanically operated discharge hopper of at least 1 cubic yard capacity shall be provided. The mixer shall be equipped with a positive displacement metering system capable of totalizing the quantity of bituminous material applied to the mixing chamber.
405-3.03 Preparation of the Base. The roadway surface to be covered shall be free from holes,
depressions, bumps, waves and corrugations. Any unsuitable surface areas shall be repaired by replacement of the unstable materials or by patching with a material to produce a tight surface having the same elevation as the surrounding surface. The roadway surface shall be broomed when ordered by the Engineer to remove loose material.
405-3.04 Mixing and Spreading. The aggregate and asphalt shall be thoroughly mixed so that the
bituminous material is uniformly distributed throughout and all aggregate particles are uniformly coated. The mixture shall be deposited on the prepared base either in a windrow at the back of the travel mixer or mechanically spread in a uniform layer so as to produce the specified thickness after compaction. If deposited in a windrow, it shall be spread over the entire roadway surface by motor grader or other approved spreader to produce the specified thickness after compaction. The maximum allowable compacted thickness shall be 2 inches for the Type 1 mix (Table 405-1) and 4 inches for the Type 2 and Type 3 mixes (Table 405-1).
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NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Sections 200 - 599 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS (USC) January 1, 2026 Volume 2
405-3.05 Compaction. After spreading, the mixture shall be thoroughly and uniformly compacted with a
self-propelled steel-wheeled roller or an approved vibratory roller to obtain a thoroughly compacted pavement. The number of roller passes to achieve the desired compaction shall be approved by the Engineer.
405-3.06 Surface Testing. The finished surface of the pavement shall be tested with a 16 foot straight
edge laid parallel with the center line of the pavement. Any area exceeding a 1/4 inch variation from the surrounding area shall be satisfactorily corrected or removed and replaced.
405-3.07 Pavement Sealing. Either prior to initial compaction or immediately after compacting the mix,
No. 1A size key stone meeting the requirements of § 703-02, Coarse Aggregates, shall be uniformly spread upon the surface at the rate of 10 to 15 lb/sy and the course rolled. No. 1 size key stone meeting the requirements of § 703-02, Coarse Aggregates, at the rate of 10 to 20 lb/sy, may be used for key stone on the base course mixes. After placement of the No. 1A size key stone, the pavement shall be opened to traffic for a minimum of 3 days before placing the seal coat. Prior to the application of the seal coat, the pavement surface shall be thoroughly swept and cleaned of all excess material. The seal coat shall be bituminous material asphalt emulsion meeting the requirements of § 702-3101 or § 702-4101 applied at the rate of 0.3 to 0.5 gal/sy (Type 1 mix, Table 405-
1.or 0.5 to 0.65 gal/sy (Type 2 mix, Table 405-1). This shall be immediately followed by an application of No. 1A cover aggregate at the rate of 15 to 20 lb/sy which shall then be rolled. In the case where multiple lifts of Cold Mix Bituminous Pavements are used, only the surface of the top course shall require a seal coat. In multiple lift construction, each lift requires an application of key stone to fill voids in the mat.
405-4 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. The bituminous cold mix pavement shall be measured by the
number of tons of compacted aggregate, including key and cover stone, placed in accordance with the specifications. The liquid bituminous material shall be measured by the liter.
405-5 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The unit price bid per ton shall include the preparation of base, the cost
of furnishing all the aggregate, the mixing, placing, compaction and all labor and equipment necessary to complete the work. The bituminous material will be paid for under its appropriate item. Payment will be made under: Item No. Item Pay Unit 405.01 Cold Mix Bituminous Pavement (Open Graded) Ton
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Source: Standard Specifications (US Customary Units), 2026 (Jan) Edition. Pages 368–370 of 1,489. View official source ↗