BASES AND MISCELLANEOUS AGGREGATES 703.01 657 SECTION 703
703.01 Aggregate for Aggreg Ate Base
A.General Requirements Provide aggregate base course material consisting of a mixture of coarse and fine graded aggregate that is free of vegetation and other deleterious materials. Coarse aggregate is the material retained on a No. 10 [2.00 mm] sieve. Provide coarse aggregate consisting of the following durable particles or fragments: Gravel, Stone, Disintegrated granite, Crushed concrete, or A combination of these. Provide fine aggregate made of sand, stone dust, or other inert, finely -divided mineral. Ensure at least 40 percent of the completed Type A or Type B mixture retained on the No. 4 [4.75 mm] sieve contains uniformly graded, mechanically crushed part icles with at least one fractured face. Ensure 100 percent of the completed Type C or Type D mixture retained on the No. 4 [4.75 mm] sieve contains uniformly graded, mechanically crushed particles with at least two fractured faces. Ensure the completed T ype C mixture contains no more than 15 percent natural sand.
B.Physical Properties Ensure the coarse aggregate retained on the ⅜ in [9.5 mm] sieve of the completed mixture has no more than 50 percent wear in accordance with the Los Angeles Abrasion Test i n accordance with AASHTO T 96. Ensure the aggregate has an Aggregate Durability Index of at least 40 in accordance with AASHTO T 210.
C.Gradation and Other Requirements Sample the uniform mixture from the project site before compacting. Ensure samples a re in accordance with Table 703:1 for Gradation, Plasticity Index, and Liquid Limit for the provided aggregate base type.
703.01 Bases and Miscellaneous Aggregates
658 Table 703:1 Aggregate Base Gradation Sieve Size Percent Passing per Type Type A Type B Type C Type D 3 in [75 mm] — 100 — — 2 in [50 mm] — — 100 — 1½ in [37.5 mm] 100 40 – 100 90 – 100 100 1 in [25.4 mm] — — 80 – 100 95 – 100 ¾ in [19.0 mm] 40 – 100 30 – 75 — — ½ in [12.5 mm] — — 60 – 80 25 – 60 ⅜ in [9.5 mm] 30 – 75 25 – 60 — — No. 4 [4.75 mm] 25 – 60 20 – 50 40 – 60 0 – 10 No. 8 [2.36 mm] — — — 0 – 5 No. 10 [2.0 mm] 20 – 43 15 – 35 25 – 45 — No. 40 [425 μm] 8 – 26 7 – 22 15 – 30 — No. 200 [75 μm] a 4.0 – 12 3.0 – 10 0 – 5.0 0 – 2.0 Other Requirements: Plasticity Index b ≤6 ≤6 ≤6 — Liquid Limit b ≤25 ≤25 ≤25 — a Ensure the material passing the No. 200 [75 µm] sieve comprises no greater than two - thirds of the quantity of material passing the No. 40 [425 µm] sieve. b The Department will allow blending of separate aggregates to produce an aggregate mixture if no individual aggregate has a plasticity index higher than 8.
D.Sampling and Testing Test aggregate in accordance with Table 703:2. Table 703:2 Aggregate Testing Methods Test Item Test Method Los Angeles Abrasion, wear AASHTO T 96 Sieve analysis AASHTO T 27 Sampling AASHTO T 2 Determining plastic limit & plasticity Index AASHTO T 90 Fractured faces OHD L-18 Method of preparation of samples AASHTO R 58 Determining liquid limit AASHTO T 89 BASES AND MISCELLANEOUS AGGREGATES 703.02 659 Table 703:2 Aggregate Testing Methods Test Item Test Method Maximum density AASHTO T 180, Method D Aggregate durability index AASHTO T 210 Material passing No.200 [75µm] sieve AASHTO T 11 Soft particles OHD L-38
703.02 Aggregates for Econo Crete Base and Cemen T Treated Base
A.General Provide aggregates for Econocrete Base and Cement Treated Base that meet the following requirements: Consists of a mixture of coarse and fine graded aggregate, Free of vegetation and other deleterious materials, and Meets the gradation requ irements of Subsection 703.02.C.(1), “Option One,” or Subsection 703.02.C.(2), “Option Two.” Coarse aggregate is the material retained on a No. 10 [2.00 mm] sieve. Provide c oarse aggregate consisting of the following durable particles or fragments: Crushed gravel, Crushed stone, Crushed concrete, or A combination of these. Provide fine aggregate made of natural sand, manufactured sand, or stone dust.
B.Physical Properties Ensure that at least 40 percent of the combined mixture retained on the No. 4 [4.75 mm] sieve contains mechanically crushed particles with at least one fractured face, tested in accordance with OHD L-18. Ensure the coarse aggregate retained on the ⅜ in [9.5 mm] sieve of the completed mixture has no more than 50 percent wear, tested in accordance with the Los Angeles Abrasion Test, AASHTO T 96. Ensure the aggregate has an Aggregate Durability Index of at least 30, tested in accordance with AASHTO T 210. Provid e combined aggregate with at least a 45 sand equivalent, tested in accordance with AASHTO T 176.
C.Gradations Sample and test the aggregate gradation in accordance with AASHTO T 2, T 11, and T 27.
703.03 Bases and Miscellaneous Aggregates
660 666Provide aggregates that meet the gradation requirements of Subsection 703.02.C.(1), “Option One,” or Subsection 703.02.C(2), “Option Two.” Notify the Engineer of the gradatio n option being used.
1.Option One Provide aggregate composed of 40 to 60 percent fine aggregate meeting the gradation requirements of Subsection 701.05, “Fine Aggregate. ” Provide coarse aggregate meeting the gradation requirements of No. 57 coarse aggregate in Subsection 701.06, “Coarse Aggregate.”
2.Option Two Provide aggregate with a combined aggregate gradation in accordance with Table 703:3. Table 703:3 Combined Aggregate Gradation Sieve Size Percent Passing 1½ in [37.5 mm] 100 1 in [25.0 mm] 70 – 100 ½ in [12.5 mm] 55 – 85 No. 4 [4.75 mm] 30 – 60 No. 40 [425 µm] 10 – 30 No. 200 [75 µm] 1.0 – 15
703.03 Aggregate for Open G Raded Portland Cemen T Concrete Base
Provide aggregate for open graded portland cement base in accordance with AASHTO M 80, Class A, consisting of crushed gravel or stone, or a combination of crushed gravel or stone, except as modified by the following: Limit the Los Angeles Abrasion percent wear to a maximum of 40 percent after 500 revolutions, tested in accordance with AASHTO T 96. Ensure that at least 70 percent of the coarse aggregate retained on the No. 4 [4.75 mm] sieve is crushed stone or mechanically crushed gravel with at least two fractured faces, tested in accordance with OHD L-18. Ensure the aggregate has an Aggregate Durability Index of at least 40 in accordance with AASHTO T 210. Limit the quantity of flat or elongated pieces to 15 percent or less, at a ratio of 1:5, tested in accordance with ASTM D 4791. The Engineer will not apply the sodium sulfate soundness requirements. Provide an aggregate gradation meeting Table 703:4, sampled and tested in accordance with AASHTO T 2, T 11, and T 27. BASES AND MISCELLANEOUS AGGREGATES 703.04 661 Table 703:4 Aggregate Gradation Sieve Size Percent Passing 1½ in [37.5 mm] 100 1 in [25.0 mm] 95 – 100 ½ in [12.5 mm] 25 – 60 No. 4 [4.75 mm] 0 – 10 No. 8 [2.36 mm] 0 – 5.0 No. 200 [75 µm] 0 – 2.0
703.04 Cover Aggregates for Bituminous Surface Treatments
A.General Requirements Provide cover aggregate consisting of clean, sound, durable particles of mineral aggregates or manufactured lightweight cover aggregates (LWCA). Use the same source of cover aggregate throughout the project, unless otherwise approved, in writing, by the Resident Engin eer.
1.Mineral Aggregates Provide uniform mineral aggregate consisting of mine chat, crushed gravel, or crushed stone that is substantially free of organic material. Place substantially dry mineral aggregate on the bituminous binder, unless using cationic emulsified asphalt.
2.Lightweight Cover Aggregates Provide uniform LWCA consisting of ceramic lightweight aggregate manufactured from kiln-produced expanded clay and shale that is substantially free of organic material. Ensure that absorbed moi sture does not affect the quality of the aggregate.
B.Physical Properties Provide cover aggregate with physical properties in accordance with Table 703:5. Table 703:5 Physical Properties of Cover Aggregates Property Test Method Limits Sampling AASHTO T 2 — Lost Angeles Abrasion, wear AASHTO T 96 ≤40% Durability, Dc Factor AASHTO T 210 ≥40 Flat and elongated pieces a ASTM D 4791 ≤10% Clay lumps and friable particles ASTM C 142 ≤3% Fractured faces, two faces b OHD L-18 ≥60%
703.04 Bases and Miscellaneous Aggregates
662 Table 703:5 Physical Properties of Cover Aggregates Property Test Method Limits LWCA dry loose bulk density (pcf) c AASHTO T 19 35 – 60 Dust coating OHD L-48 0 – 1.0% a A flat and elongated piece has a length greater than five times the average thickness. b Expanded clay and expanded shale aggregates contain angular particles with a rough micro surface texture and perform similarly to a mechanically crushed particle. Such angular particles may be considered as crushed. c AASHTO T 19 shoveling procedure.
C.Gradation Provide cover aggregates with gradations in accordance with Table 703:6. Table 703:6 Cover Aggregate Gradations Sieve Size Percent Passing per Cover Aggregate Size Number No.1 No.2 No.3 No.3C ¾ in [19.0 mm] 100 — — — ⅝ in [16.0 mm] — — 100 100 ½ in [12.5 mm] 25 – 60 100 90 – 100 70 – 100 ⅜ in [9.5 mm] 0 – 15 90 – 100 40 – 75 20 – 55 No. 4 [4.75 mm] 0 – 5.0 0 – 25 0 – 15 0 – 15 No. 8 [2.36 mm] — 0 – 5.0 0 – 5.0 0 – 5.0 No. 200 [75µm] 0.0 – 2.0 0.0 – 2.0 0.0 – 2.0 0.0 – 2.0 Other Gradation Requirement: Dust coating (OHD L-48) 0.0 – 1.0 0.0 – 1.0 0.0 – 1.0 0.0 – 1.0
D.Precoated Cover Aggregates Provide cover aggregate material in accordance with Subsection 703.04.A, “General Requirements,” Subsection 703.04.B, "Physical Properties," and Subsection 703.04.C, "Gradation if the Contract requires precoated cover aggregates," covered with bituminous material in accordance with Subsection 708.03, “Asphalt Materials.” Apply bituminous material within 0.30 to 1.75 percent by weight [mass] of the untreated aggregate, depending on the type and grade of bituminous material. Apply enough bituminous material for surface absorpti on, dust dissipation, and film coating (durable BASES AND MISCELLANEOUS AGGREGATES 703.05 663 and free of scales and blisters) of the aggregate. Provide bituminous material that, when applied to the road, has no excess binder or moisture that may hinder handling, spreading, or rolling operations. Before starting production, submit to the Resident Engineer the type, grade, and amount of asphalt treatment proposed. Ensure the producer consistently checks the aggregate to prevent surface or absorbed moisture that may interfere with binder absorption and adhesion, or cause blisters or subsequent scaling of the treatment. If it will facilitate uniform coating of the aggregate with the bituminous material, the Department will allow the producer to add water at the pugmill, no more than 2 percent by weight [mass] of the aggregate. When heating is used, ensure the producer keeps the temperature of the bituminous material below the flash point and temperatures that may affect the quality of the material. Ensure the asphalt material temperature remains within the mixing range for the type and grade in accordance with Table 708:4, “Temperature Ranges for Use of Asphalt Materials,” while applying asphalt material to the aggregate. Ensure the treated aggregate flows sufficiently, t o allow spreading with mechanical spreading devices approved by the Resident Engineer. Determine the percent of asphalt for pre -coating the aggregate based on the type and grade of bituminous material and aggregate used.
703.05 Aggregates for Traff Ic-Bound Surface Course
Ensure the traffic -bound surface course material provides a bonded traffic surface consisting of a mixture of coarse and fine graded aggregate that is free of vegetation and other deleterious material. The Department defines coarse aggrega te as material retained on a No. 10 [2.00 mm] sieve. Provide coarse aggregate consisting of durable particles or fragments of crushed gravel, stone, disintegrated granite, recycled crushed concrete, or a combination of these. Provide fine aggregate consi sting of sand, stone dust, or other inert, finely divided mineral material.
A.Physical Properties Ensure coarse aggregate retained on the ⅜ in [9.5 mm] sieve of the finished mixture for Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D, or Type E has a percent wear no great er than 50 when tested in accordance with the Los Angeles Abrasion Test.
B.Gradation and Other Requirements Select and use one of the six gradations or types of surface course. If the Contract does not require the surface course type, select the gradation or type before construction. Ensure the gradation, plasticity index, and liquid limit of the produced or p rocessed material is in accordance with Table 703:7 for the type used. Use the same type of material throughout the project, unless otherwise approved, in writing, by the Resident Engineer. Crush oversized particles or congl omerate materials delivered to the job site and incorporate them into the surfacing material.
703.06 Bases and Miscellaneous Aggregates
664 Table 703:7 Aggregate Gradation Sieve Size Percent Passing per Type of Aggregate Type A Type B a Type C Type D Type E b Type F c 1½ in [37.5 mm] — — — 100 100 100 1 in [25.4 mm] 100 100 100 90 — 100 — — ¾ in [19.0 mm] 95 – 100 95 – 100 — — 40 – 100 — ½ in [12.5 mm] — — — 25 – 60 — — ⅜ in [9.5 mm] — — — — 30 – 75 — No. 4 [4.75 mm] 5.0 – 75 0 – 85 40 – 75 0 – 5.0 25 – 60 35 – 80 No. 10 [2.5 mm] — — — — 20 – 43 — No. 20 [850 µm] 0 – 30 — — — — — No. 40 [425 µm] — — 20 – 40 — 8.0 – 26 — No. 200 [75 µm] 0 – 10 0 – 20 8.0 – 25 — 4.0 – 12 0 – 20 Other Requirements: Plasticity Index — — 8 — 18 — ≤ 6 — Liquid Limit — — ≤35 — ≤25 — a Type B material consists of disintegrated granite with natural binder. b Type E material meets the requirements for Aggregate Base Type A in accordance with Subsection 703.01, "Aggregate for Aggregate Base." c Type F material only temporarily, in light traffic situations. The Los Angeles Abrasion Test requirement does not apply to this material.
703.06 Cover Material for P Ipe Underdrains and Edge Drains
Provide cover material for pipe underdrains consisting of coarse cover aggregate and filter sand. Ensure the coarse cover aggregate consists of gravel or crushed stone, and the filter sand is free of deleterious materials.
A.Physical Properties Provide coarse cover aggregate with a Los Angeles Abr asion test percent wear of no greater than 50 and an Aggregate Durability Index of at least 40.
B.Gradation
1.Coarse Cover Aggregate Provide course cover aggregate in accordance with Table 703:8. BASES AND MISCELLANEOUS AGGREGATES 703.07 665 Table 703:8 Coarse Cover Aggregate Gradation Sieve Size Percent Passing ½ in [12.5 mm] 100 ⅜ in [9.5 mm] 90 – 100 No. 4 [4.75 mm] 20 – 55 No. 8 [2.36 mm] 0 – 25 No. 16 [1.18 mm] 0 – 10 No. 50 [300 μm] 0 – 5.0
2.Filter Sand Provide filter sand in accordance with Table 703:9. Table 703:9 Filter Sand Gradation Sieve Size Percent Passing ⅜ in [9.5 mm] 100 No. 4 [4.75 mm] 95 – 100 No. 16 [1.18 mm] 50 – 85 No. 50 [300 µm] 15 – 33 No. 100 [150 µm] 0 – 10 (3)Edge Drain Cover Aggregate Provide aggregate meeting the gradation requirements of Section 701.06, “Coarse Aggregate” size No. 57.
C.Sampling and Testing Sample and test in accordance with Subsection 703.01.D, “Sampling and Testing.”
703.07 Granular Backfill
A.Physical Properties Provide granular backfill material for structure excavation that is free of deleterious materials, shale, or soft, low durability particles.
B.Gradation and Other Requirements Provide granular backfill material with a non -plastic plasticity index and with a gradation in accordance with Table 703:10. Ensure the granular backfill has an Aggregate Durability Index of at least 30.
703.08 Bases and Miscellaneous Aggregates
666 Table 703:10 Granular Backfill Gradation Sieve Size Percent Passing 3 in [75 mm] 100 1 in [25.0 mm] 90 – 100 No. 40 [425 µm] 0 – 45 No. 200 [75 µm] 0 – 10
C.Sampling and Testing Sample and test in accordance with Subsection 703.01.D, “Sampling and Testing.”
703.08 Standard Bedding Mat Erial
Provide standard bedding material as required by the Contract for the following classes of bedding material:
A.Class A Bedding Material Provide Class A bedding material consisti ng of a continuous encasement of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) in accordance with Subsection 701.19, “Controlled Low -Strength Material, ” or Class C Concrete in accordance with Subsection 701.01, “Mix Design and Proportioning.”
B.Class B Bedding Material Provide Class B bedding material consisting of crushed rock or stone in accordance with Subsection 703.06.B(1), “Coarse Cover Aggreg ate,” or Subsection 701.06, “Coarse Aggregate,” size No. 8 or Subsection 703.01, “Aggregate for Aggregate Base,” Type A.
C.Class C Bedding Material Provide Class C bedding material consisting of sand, stone, rock, screenings, or select sandy soil . Ensure the bedding material is free of organic material, frozen lumps, or moisture that may prevent the Contract required compaction. Ensure the Class C bedding material gradation is in accordance with Subsection 703 .06, “Cover Material for Pipe Underdrains and Edge Drains,” B(2) Filter Sand or the requirements of Table 703:11. Table 703:11 Class C Bedding Material Gradation Sieve Size Percent Passing ⅜ in [9.5 mm] 100 No. 200 [75 µm] 0 – 10
D.Class D Bedding Material Provide Class D bedding material consisting of native material with no particles larger than 3 in [62.5 mm] in its greatest dimension, no frozen lumps, or excess moisture that may prevent the Contract required compaction. BASES AND MISCELLANEOUS AGGREGATES 703.10 667 703.09 CALICHE BASE
A.General Provide Caliche Base coarse material consisting of a mixture of coarse and fine graded aggregates intimately mixed with a calcareous binder that is free of vegetation and other deleterious materials. Provide caliche base material with the material r etained on a No. 4 [4.75 mm] sieve consisting of the following durable particles: Crushed gravel, Crushed stone, Caliche type material, or A combination of these. The base material passing a No 4 [4.75 mm] sieve may contain fine aggregate made of natural s and, manufactured sand, stone dust, or other finely divided fragments, provided at least 50 percent of this material is a caliche type material.
B.Physical Properties Ensure that at least 25 percent of the combined mixture retained on the No 4 [4.75 mm] s ieve contains mechanically crushed particles with at least one fractured face, tested in accordance with OHD L-18. Ensure the caliche base material has a Liquid Limit no greater than 35 percent, tested in accordance with AASHTO T 89. Ensure the caliche bas e material has a Plasticity Index no greater than 10 percent, tested in accordance with AASHTO T 90.
C.Gradation Sample the caliche base material from uniformly blended windrows, and test in accordance with AASHTO T 2 and OHD L-20. Provide a combined base material that meets the gradation requirements of Table 703:12. Table 703:12 Caliche Base Gradation Sieve Size Percent Passing 2 in [50.0 mm] 100 No. 4 [4.75 mm] 0 – 60 No. 40 [425 µm] 0 – 40
703.10 Aggregate for Multip Le Layer Polymer Con Crete Overlays.
Provide aggregate for use in multiple layer polymer overlays with an angular shape and a Mohs hardness of 7 or greater if silica based or greater than 6 if basalt based. Provide dry aggregate with less than 0.2% moisture when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 255. Provide aggregate free of dirt, clay,
705.01 Select Borrow
668 asphalt, and other organic materials. Ensure the aggregate conforms to the gradation limits of Table 703:1 3. Table 703:13 Polymer Overlay Aggregate Sieve Size Percent Passing by Weight No. 4 (4.75mm) 100 No. 8 (2.36mm) 30-75 No. 16 (1.18mm) 0-5.0 No. 30 (600μm) 0-1.0 SECTION 705 SELECT BORROW
705.01 Materials
Provide select borrow in accordance with Table 705:1. Table 705:1 Select Borrow Requirements Group Classification a Group Index (Maximum Value) A-1 0 A-2-4 0 A-3 0 a Classify select borrow material in accordance with AASHTO M 145. Provide select borrow that passes a 3 in [75 mm] sieve and remove material from the right -of-way that does not reduce to a size 3 in [75 mm] or less. Ensure select borrow produced from rocks has a Slake Durability Index of at least 80. If the Contractor encounters a lens, layer , or stratum of unacceptable material in a borrow pit or roadway cut, the Department wil l allow the Contractor to combine the unacceptable material with acceptable material as long as the resulting uniform mixture meets the Contract requirements. Provide select borrow that is uniform in gradation and plastic properties. Unless otherwise requi red by the Contract, provide all materials for select borrow. Make preliminary investigations to locate and verify the proposed material source. Test select borrow in accordance with Table 705:2.
Source: Oklahoma Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2019 Edition. Pages 671–681 of 935.