201Site Preparation

Part 200

EARTHWORK AND EROSION CONTROL — SITE PREPARATION

201.01DESCRIPTION

This work includes actions that are required to clear and prepare the site for construction. The actions all have a common characteristic ― they involve the removal and legal disposal of both designated vegetative materials and man -made objects and facilities. The actions include removal and disposal of the following: • Clearing and grubbing • Cutting and removing isolated trees and stumps • Partial or complete removal and disposal of isolated tree stumps • Trimming tree roots • Culverts and other stormwater components • Masonry • Drainage and utility structures • Pipe • Rigid and flexible pavement • Granite, concrete, and asphalt curbing • Concrete and asphalt sidewalk • Fences and railings • Guardrail • Underground and above ground storage tanks • Miscellaneous items such as highway bounds and signs • Demolition of buildings and structures • All other obstructions or undesirable materials within the right-of-way • All necessary trimming and fine grading • Any other item shown in the Plans The Contractor will be compensated for clearing and preparing the site for construction operations through individual Proposal items. There is one item for each removal and disposal action. The following Subsections contain descriptions of some of the most common removal and disposal actions. Clearing and Grubbing. This work includes cutting, removing from the ground, and disposing trees, stumps, brush, shrubs, hedges, roots, and other vegetation that occurs within the right -of-way and interferes with excavation, embankment, fencing, or clear vision or is otherwise considered objectionable. The work also includes the preservation from the injury or defacement of all vegetation and objects outside of the clearing limits.

Part 200 — Earthwork and Erosion Control August 2025

200-2SECTION 201 — SITE PREPARATION

Cutting, Removing, and Disposing Isolated Trees and Stumps. This work includes cutting , removing, and disposing designated isolated trees and stumps in excess of 4 in. in diameter (measured at 4 in. above existing ground) that are located within the general area of construction work but are not located within the areas specified for clearing and grubbing. Partial Removal and Disposal of Isolated Tree Stumps. This work includes the partial removal and disposal of designated isolated tree stumps that are located within the limits of the Project. Metal Frames, Covers or Grates. This work includes the removal and disposal of metal frames, covers, or grates from existing utility and drainage structures. Culverts, Drainage, and Utility Structures. This work includes the removal and disposal, in whole or in part, of culverts and drainage structures (e.g., catch basins, drop inlets, manholes); utility structures such as gas, electric, water, telephone boxes, manholes, and pits; and sewer manholes. The removal and disposal of metal frames, covers, or grates of drainage structures is not covered under this item but is included under Subsection 201.01.4. Pipe. This work includes removing and disposing all pipe of whatever nature and sizes as required. Pavement, Sidewalks, and Curbing. This work includes removing and disposing flexible and rigid pavement including the surface, base, and/or subbase courses; granite, concrete, and asphalt curbing; and concrete and asphalt sidewalks. Asbestos Cement Pipe. This work includes removing and disposing existing asbestos cement pipe/duct bank of all types and sizes. Underground/Above-Ground Storage Tanks. This work includes locating, removing, and disposing of existing gasoline and oil storage tanks previously abandoned and left in place and any other storage tanks as encountered in the work, either above or below ground, regardless of size and type. Perform all work according to both the currently adopted State of Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Division of Water Resources, “Regulations for Underground Storage Facilities Used for Petroleum

Part 200 — Earthwork and Erosion Control August 2025

Products and Hazardous Materials” and all other applicable State and Federal laws and regulations. The removal and disposal of cesspools and septic tanks is not covered under this item but is included under Subsection 201.01.12. Fences, Railings, and Guardrail. This work includes removing and disposing all fences, railings, and guardrail of the types and sizes indicated on the Plans to be removed. Miscellaneous Objects. This work includes removing and disposing miscellaneous objects such as mailboxes and posts, road signs, private signs, highway bounds, and any other objects not covered by any preceding Subsection, as specifically indicated on the Plans to be removed or r equired to be removed for the construction of the new work. Demolition of Buildings. This work includes the demolition of the buildings and their foundations as required. Each portion of the work includes the disposal of all outbuildings, such as garages and sheds, adjacent to or a part of the unit designated, unless the outbuildings are designated as separate units. The work also includes the removal and disposal of cesspools, septic tanks, distribution boxes, and other tanks as encountered. The work includes the implementation of rodent control measures for each building before its demolition. Load and Haul Solid Waste and Disposal of Solid Waste. This work includes collecting, loading, hauling, and disposing of on -site solid waste material, including trash, litter, household appliances, tires, vegetative, and other on-site debris. Unless otherwise provided for in the Contract documents, this item of work does not include the removal and disposal of solid waste material or debris generated by the Contractor’s construction operations, including soil and rock excavation, the removal and disposal of pavement, sidewalks, and other highway infrastructure, clearing and grubbing operations , and/or the removal and disposal of contaminated soils. Ensure that the removal and disposal of all debris is conducted consistent with the requirements of the Rhode Island Building Code and OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1926, “Safety and Health Regulations for Construction.” Dispose of solid waste materials according to the currently adopted EPA regulations (40 CFR 239 - 259) and RIDEM solid waste regulations (DEM OWM -SW-04-01) and any other applicable regulations.

Part 200 — Earthwork and Erosion Control August 2025

200-4SECTION 201 — SITE PREPARATION

Obtain all required permits for hauling and disposal of waste materials, including the payment of tipping and other required fees.

201.02MATERIALS

For the requirements relating to common borrow and gravel borrow, see Subsections 202.02.1 and 202.02.2.

201.03CONSTRUCTION METHODS

Clearing and Grubbing. Obtain and comply with all applicable permit requirements before starting earthwork on the Project, as discussed in SECTION 107 and Subsection 104.15. Clear and grub all trees, stumps, brush, shrubs, hedges, and roots not designated to remain but within the fill lines of embankments and less than 3 ft in height to subgrade. When the height of embankment to subgrade exceeds 3 ft, leave stumps that do not extend more than 6 in. above the original ground or low water level. Before initiating the clearing and grubbing work, install erosion control measures according to SECTIONS 206, 207, and 208. The Engineer may permit sound stumps to be cut off not more than 6 in. above the ground and left outside of the construction limits of cut and embankment areas. An exception is in the area to be rounded at the top of back slopes. In this area, cut off stumps flush with or below the surface of the final slope line. Except in areas to be excavated, backfill stump holes and other holes from which obstructions are removed with acceptable material, and compact according to Subsection 202.03.3. The following additional requirements apply to the clearing and grubbing:

on any construction Project site. Do not haul trees, brush, shrubs, or perishable material from the Project for the purpose of burning. Dispose of these items by any of the following methods: ● Sell or salvage all merchantable timber in the clearing and grubbing area that has not been removed from the right-of-way before the beginning of construction. ● Chip trees on site. All wood chips become the property of the Contractor and must be removed promptly from the site. Stockpile the required quantity on the site at a location approved by the Engineer. Mechanical chipping of small branches and brush may be used where disposal area space limitations require these measures. The resulting chips need not be buried. ● Dispose of brush, shrubs, and other perishable material off the P roject site. S upply the Engineer with a copy of the written permission from the property owner for any off- site disposal.

Part 200 — Earthwork and Erosion Control August 2025

unsightly branches on trees and shrubs designated to remain. Trim branches of trees extending over the road surface to provide a clear height of 20 ft above the road surface. Perform all trimming according to sound tree surgical practices and under the supervision of a licensed arborist.

iseased Vegetation. Dispose of all elm trees, trimmings, or branches or other wood that is designated by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management as a host for a serious plant disease or a disease carrier at a sanitary landfill location within 48 hours after cutting. Cutting, Removing, and Disposing Isolated Trees and Stumps. Remove and dispose of any isolated trees and stumps regardless of diameter (measured at 4 in. above existing ground) that are located within the general area of construction work but that are not located within the areas specified for clearing and grubbing in Subsection 201.03.1. Partial Removal and Disposal of Isolated Trees and Stumps. The Engineer will designate any isolated tree stumps for partial removal and disposal. Remove and dispose of these to 6 in. below final grade. Fill the resulting hole with like materials as required at no additional cost to the Department. Frames, Covers, or Grates. Remove frames, covers, or grates, and either dispose of or stack and salvage for subsequent re-use. D eliver the materials to a RIDOT Maintenance facility (or other facility as dictated by RIDOT) at no additional cost to the Department. Culverts, Drainage, and Utility Structures.

structures down to the natural stream bottom, and remove and dispose of the parts outside of the stream down to 1 ft below natural ground surface. Where portions of existing structures lie within the limits of a new structure, remove and dispose of as necessary to accommodate the construction of the proposed structure.

ility Structures . Remove and dispose of all abandoned utility structures that interfere with proposed work. When existing sewers or utilities will be extended or otherwise incorporated into the new work, only remove and dispose of the portion of the existing lines necessary to provide a proper connection with the new work.

ackfilling . Do not use portions of the existing structures to backfill the excavations required for the removal and disposal of the structures. Backfill excavations with gravel borrow placed in 6-in. layers and compacted to 95 percent of maximum density according to AASHTO T180. Only use existing materials that are clean and that meet the gradation requirements.

ridges . Remove and dispose of bridges as specified in SECTION 803.

Part 200 — Earthwork and Erosion Control August 2025

200-6SECTION 201 — SITE PREPARATION

Pipe. Remove and dispose of all pipe not designated to remain. Cap all pipes according to SECTION 706. Do not abandon pipe in place without approval of the Engineer. Pavement, Sidewalks, and Curbing. Remove and dispose of all flexible and rigid pavement, base course; concrete and asphalt sidewalks; granite, concrete, and asphalt curbs; and gutters. Remove and stockpile ballast, gravel, asphalt material, or other surfacing or pavement materials to be used on the Project at a site approved by the Engineer. Otherwise, dispose of this material. Where the remainder of the existing pavement or sidewalks will remain undisturbed, make a clean saw cut to separate the remaining pavement from that being removed. Asbestos Cement Pipe. • Approved Disposal Sites. Remove and dispose of asbestos cement pipe at an approved landfill site. Provide a copy of the license or approval to the Engineer for any disposal site, which must be valid at the time of disposal in the selected landfill. • C onstruction Methods (Removal and Disposal Procedures) . Remov e and dispos e of asbestos cement pipe/duct bank as follows: ○ A person trained and certified in asbestos removal shall be on site during asbestos pipe removal and disposal operations. Submit the qualifications of personnel required for the removal and disposal operation to the Engineer. ○ Excavate the trench to the necessary width on either side and to the depth that will not exceed the bottom of the pipe while maintaining a safe angle of repose. A trench box may be used instead. Do not disturb the pipe during excavation. The AC material may need to be wetted with water before breaking/cutting. ○ Perform any breaking or cutting of the AC pipe/duct bank to meet the length requirements inside the trench area before the pipe is removed. ○ Cover the AC pipe/duct bank with a minimum 6- mil polyethylene sheet and/or bag fastened with high strength duct tape. Fold the free ends of the sheeting or the end of the bag outside and over the pipe/duct bank and seal transversely with the duct tape. ○ Lift the polyethylene sealed asbestos cement pipe intact without additional breaking, and place in a transport vehicle (box type trailer) that entirely contains the wrapped and sealed portion of pipe/duct bank on all sides. Do not use a box trailer with tarpaulin top. ○ Collect and place any remaining portions of AC material (e.g., pieces, fragments, collars, rubber gaskets) in the trench, overburden, or work area in a 6-mil polyethylene bag or sheeting. Place the bags or sheeted materials for transport according to the above bullet. If the polyethylene bag or sheet is torn or punctured, repeat the process to ensure a sealed mode of handling at no additional cost to the Department. ○ Perform all removal and placement of the AC material into the transport truck in the presence of the Engineer and/or designated representative.

Part 200 — Earthwork and Erosion Control August 2025

○ Notify the Engineer one week before the implementation of removal, disposal, and transport operations. ○ Do not dump any AC material at any site except in a legal asbestos landfill. Underground/Above-ground Storage Tanks. Remove and dispose of all existing storage tanks previously abandoned and left in place and any other storage tanks encountered in the work, either above or below ground. Secure a permit for the Permanent Closure Application for Underground Storage Tanks from the Department of Environmental Management, Land Revitalization and Sustainable Material Management, Underground Storage Tank Management Program at least 10 days before the proposed closure. Perform all excavation and backfill according to Subsections 202.03.1 and 202.03.3. Removal and Disposal of Fences, Railings, and Guardrail. Remove and dispose of all fences, railings, and guardrail as required. Removal and Disposal of Miscellaneous Objects. Remove and dispose of all miscellaneous objects such as mailboxes and posts, roadway signs, private signs, highway bounds, and any other objects not covered otherwise as required for the construction. For any object designated remove and salvage, deliver the materials to a RIDOT Maintenance facility (or other facility as dictated by RIDOT) at no additional cost to the Department. Demolition of Buildings and Structures. The demolition of buildings includes foundations and outbuildings, such as garages and sheds, adjacent to or part of the unit designated.

exception of materials or contents claimed by owners as part of a land damage settlement or agreement with the Department. Plug with concrete any drain pipes or other pipes, ducts, etc., disconnected and deemed advisable to remain underground, except that metal pipes may be capped with screw-type plugs or caps. If any concrete cesspools, septic tanks, galleys, or distribution boxes are present, pump the items out and break them into pieces sufficiently small to preclude the formation of voids. Backfill and compact the resulting depression with common borrow. Treat stone cesspools in a similar manner. If steel septic tanks are present, remove the covers and pump out the interiors and fill with common borrow.

Part 200 — Earthwork and Erosion Control August 2025

200-8SECTION 201 — SITE PREPARATION

Do not raze or demolish any building or structure until provisions have been made for proper rodent control according to the Town or City requirements where the work is being performed.

according to the most practical conventional method as approved by the Engineer in writing. Take the necessary precautions, and use sufficient water on non- salvageable materials to prevent excessive spreading of dust during demolition operations. If any water contamination occurs (e.g., in wells), resolve the problem and comply with any applicable regulations at no additional cost to the Department. Do not perform any blasting without an approved Shop Drawing, and not until receiving proper permission from the appropriate State and/or local fire department. For special requirements regarding the use of explosives, see Subsections 107.10 and 202.03.1. Do not burn any portion of the building or structure. Do not allow any debris to accumulate in the streets, sidewalk areas, or ground surrounding the demolition work. Upon com - pletion of the work, ensure that the site remains in a clean and safe condition. Break up concrete basement floors into segments no larger than 2 sq yd each before filling. Fill basements or cavities left by structure removal with common borrow to the level of the surrounding ground and, if within the highway prism of construction, co mpacted according to Subsection 202.03.3. For locations documented in the demolition plan, shore up, brace the underpinning, and protect all walls and other parts of existing structures adjacent to the demolition area that may be affected by the demolition operation.

backfill and all other incidentals pertaining to this work, conforms to Subsection 201.03.9.

excavations are adjacent to or within the vicinity of a pedestrian access, erect a temporary guard fence for the protection of pedestrians. Ensure that the fencing material is free from nails, fastenings, or splinters, and presents a reasonably smooth surface on the sides of possible contact. Leave in place the temporary fences and properly maintain until their removal and disposal is authorized by the Engineer in writing.

atchman. At all times, provide a sufficient number of watchmen and guards as necessary to properly safeguard the public from active construction operations. Load and Haul Solid Waste and Disposal of Solid Waste. Ensure that the removal and disposal of all debris is consistent with the requirements of the Rhode Island Building Code and OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1926, “ Safety and Health Regulations for Construction.” Dispose of s olid waste materials according to EPA regulations (40 CFR 239 – 259, currently adopted version) and RIDEM solid waste regulations (DEM OWM -SW-04-01, currently adopted version). Obtain all required permits for hauling and disposal of waste materials.

Part 200 — Earthwork and Erosion Control August 2025

Perform the removal and disposal of solid waste material from the Project site with the necessary labor, tools, and equipment to minimize the effects of noise, dust, and other adverse conditions. This work does not include the removal and disposal of solid waste material or debris generated by the Contractor’s construction operations, including soil and rock excavation, the removal and disposal of pavement, sidewalks and other highway infrastructure, clearing and grubbing operations, and/or the removal and disposal of contaminated soils. Notify the Engineer if hazardous waste materials are encountered or may be present, including contaminated soils, oil, and/or other hazardous or potentially hazardous waste materials (OHM).

201.04METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

The removal and disposal actions required to clear and prepare the site for construction will be measured for payment as follows. Clearing and Grubbing. Clearing and Grubbing will be measured by the number of square yards. Cutting, Removing, and Disposing Isolated Trees and Stumps. Cutting, Removing, and Disposing Isolated Trees and Stumps will be measured by the number of trees and stumps, or the number of stumps alone if there are no trees, cut, removed and disposed. Partial Removal and Disposal of Isolated Tree Stumps. Partial Removal and Disposal of Isolated Tree Stumps will be measured by the number of stumps removed. Removal and Disposal of Frames, Covers, or Grates. Removal and Disposal of Frames, Covers, or Grates will be measured by the number of units removed. Removal and Disposal of Culverts, Drainage, and Utility Structures. Removal and D isposal of Culverts, Drainage, and Utility Structures will be measured by the number of structures removed. Removal and Disposal of Pipe – All Sizes. Removal and Disposal of Pipe – All Sizes will be measured by the number of linear feet of pipe removed.

Part 200 — Earthwork and Erosion Control August 2025

200-10SECTION 201 — SITE PREPARATION

Removal and Disposal of Pavement, Sidewalks, and Curbing. Removal and Disposal of Pavement and Sidewalks will be measured by the number of square yards of pavement removed. Removal and Disposal of Curbing will be measured by the number of linear feet of curbing removed. Removal and Disposal of Asbestos Cement Pipe. Removal and Disposal of Asbestos Cement Pipe will be measured by the number of linear feet of pipe removed. Removal and Disposal of Underground/Aboveground Storage Tanks. Removal and Disposal of Underground/Aboveground Storage Tanks will be measured by the number of tanks removed. Removal and Disposal of Fences, Railings, and Guardrail. Removal and Disposal of Fences, Railings, and Guardrail will be measured by the number of linear feet of fencing removed. Removal and Disposal of Miscellaneous Objects. Removal and Disposal of Miscellaneous Objects will be measured by the number of objects removed. Demolition of Buildings and Structures. Demolition of Buildings and Structures will be measured by the number of buildings or structures demolished. Load and Haul Solid Waste and Disposal of Solid Waste. Load and Haul Solid Waste and Disposal of Solid Waste will be measured by the number of tons of waste material disposed. The tonnage will be determined from weight slips generated at the waste disposal facilities.

201.05BASIS OF PAYMENT

The Department will pay for the completed and accepted quantities at the Contract unit prices as follows.

Part 200 — Earthwork and Erosion Control August 2025

Pay Item Pay Unit Clearing and Grubbing SY Cutting, Removing, and Disposing Isolated Trees and Stumps EA Partial Removal and Disposal of Isolated Tree Stumps EA Removal and Disposal of Frames, Covers, or Grates EA Removal and Disposal of Culverts, Drainage and Utility Structures EA Removal and Disposal of Pipe – All Sizes LF Removal and Disposal of Pavement and Sidewalks SY Removal and Disposal of Curbing LF Removal and Disposal of Asbestos Cement Pipe LF Removal and Disposal of Underground/Aboveground Storage Tanks EA Removal and Disposal of Fences, Railings, and Guardrail LF Removal and Disposal of Miscellaneous Objects EA Demolition of Buildings and Structures EA Load and Haul Solid Waste and Disposal of Solid Waste TONS When the Contract does not contain estimated quantities or lump sum items for removal and disposal of structures and obstructions and is shown on the Plans for removal and disposal, the work is incidental to and included in payment for other items of work. Saw cutting is incidental and not paid separately. Include saw cutting cost in the associated work item. The several removal and disposal actions required to clear and prepare the site for construction will be paid for as follows. Clearing and Grubbing. The price constitutes full compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted. Cutting, Removing, and Disposing Isolated Trees and Stumps. The price constitutes full compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted.

Part 200 — Earthwork and Erosion Control August 2025

200-12SECTION 201 — SITE PREPARATION

Partial Removal and Disposal of Isolated Tree Stumps. The price constitutes full compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted. Removal and Disposal of Frames, Covers or Grates. The price constitutes full compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted. Removal and Disposal of Culverts, Drainage and Utility Structures. The price constitutes full compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted. Removal and Disposal of Pipe – All Sizes. The price constitutes full compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted. Removal and Disposal of Pavement, Sidewalks, and Curbing. The prices so-stated constitute full compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted. Removal and Disposal of Asbestos Cement Pipe. The price constitutes full compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted. Removal and Disposal of Underground/Aboveground Storage Tanks. The price constitutes full compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted. Removal and Disposal of Fences, Railings, and Guardrail. The price constitutes full compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted. Removal and Disposal of Miscellaneous Objects. The price constitutes full compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted.

Part 200 — Earthwork and Erosion Control August 2025

Demolition of Buildings and Structures. The price constitutes full compensation for demolition and removal, including disposal of surplus and waste materials, excavation, backfilling, rat eradication, pumping out, breaking up, testing, disposal and backfilling of cesspools and septic tanks; f illing basements or cavities left by structure removal with common borrow to the level of the surrounding ground and, if within the highway prism of construction, compacting the fill; installing and removing temporary fencing; all expenses incidental to procurement of health, fire, and police certificates; fencing and fence materials and watchmen or guards, clean-up, and all labor equipment, materials, and incidentals necessary to finish the work, complete and accepted. Load and Haul Solid Waste and Disposal of Solid Waste. The price constitutes full compensation for all disposal fees, recycling of waste materials, labor, materials, equipment and all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted.