Part 1 — General
1.1 Section Includes
A.Pipe used to convey surface water and stormwater by gravity flow.
1.2 Related Sections
A.Section 02056: Embankment, Borrow, and Backfill
B.Section 02317: Structural Excavation and Backfill
C.Section 03055: Portland Cement Concrete
1.3 References
A.AASHTO M 170: Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
B.AASHTO M 196: Corrugated Aluminum Pipe for Sewers and Drains
C.AASHTO M 207: Reinforced Concrete Elliptical Culvert, Storm Drain and Sewer Pipe
D.AASHTO M 243: Field -Applied Coating of Corrugated Metal Structural Plate for Pipe, Pipe- Arches, and Arches
E.AASHTO M 245: Corrugated Steel Pipe, Polymer Precoated, for Sewers and Drains
F.AASHTO M 294: Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe, 300- to 1500 -mm (12 - to 60-in.) Diameter
G.AASHTO M 304: Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Profile Wall Drain Pipe and Fittings Based on Controlled Inside Diameter
H.AASHTO M 330: Polypropylene Pipe, 300- to 1500- mm (12 - to 60 -in.) Diameter
I.AASHTO M 335: Steel -Reinforced Polyethylene (PE) Ribbed Pipe, 300- to 1500- mm (12 - to 60 -in.) Diameter
J.AASHTO MP 40 : Steel -Reinforced Polyethylene (PE) Ribbed Pipe, 1650- to 3000- mm (66 - to 120 -in.) Diameter
K.AASHTO R 82: Pipe Joint Selection for Highway Culvert and Storm Drains
L.ASTM C 443: Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets
M.ASTM C 990: Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants
N.ASTM D 1056: Flexible Cellular Materials —Sponge or Expanded Rubber
O.ASTM F 477: Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe
1.4 Definitions
A.Deflection – Deviation from a pipe’s original shape.
B.NASSCO – National Association of Sewer Service Companies .
C.Nominal Diameter – Inside diameter of the pipe specified.
D.Pipe Interior Roughness: 1. Corrugated – Interior surface that is formed into a series of alternating crests and valleys with a Manning’s “n” coefficient greater than 0.013.
2.Smooth Lined – Interior surface that is essentially smooth, with a Manning’s “n” coefficient less than or equal to 0.013.
E.Profile Wall Pipe – Pipe that has a smooth interior wall with an exterior that is either is ribbed, corrugated, or smooth. 1. The wall may contain hollow cores.
F.Spring Line – Location of the maximum horizontal dimension of a pipe.
G.Thermoplastic Pipe – Pipe made from plastic materials such as HDPE, PVC, and Polypropylene.
1.5 Submittals
A.Manufacturer’s certificate of compliance .
B.Manufacturer’s data sheets and installation instructions .
C.Documentation from AASHTO NTPEP showing compliance with Table 3 for the thermoplastic pipe material and diameter supplied for information.
D.NASSCO Pipeline Assessment certification for remote video technician for information.
E.Pipe i nspection report for each pipe for review . Include at least the following:
1.The project number, date, and time of the inspection for each pipe inspection, the pipe identification used in the plan set, and type and size of pipe.
2.A video recording of each pipe inspection in a digital format for remote inspection.
3.Written and still image documentation of locations where alignment deviations, joint gaps, pipe damage, and any other deficiencies were observed.
4.Written documentation of deflection testing and measurements.
1.6 Acceptance
A.General
1.Each pipe is accepted for payment after verifying that the following criteria have been met:
a.Alignment
b.Deflection
c.Joint gap
d.Damage
2.Proposed resolutions for nonconforming pipes require the seal of a licensed Professional Engineer competent in the structural design of the pipe material being evaluated.
B.Alignment
1.Do not exceed the installation horizontal and vertical alignment tolerances in Table 1. Table 1 Installation Alignment Tolerances Design Grade Horizontal Vertical* inch/100 ft > 1% Not to exceed the pipe manufacturer ’s requirements 1½ 0.5% - 1% 1 < 0.5% ½ * Increase tolerance by 50 percent for pipes with silt -tight joints .
C.Deflection
1.Do not exceed a 5 percent shape change from the nominal diameter.
a.Proposals for acceptance of pipes with a deflection greater than 7.5 per cent will be rejected .
D.Joint Gap
1.Do not exceed the joint separation, measured along the length of pipe, in Table 2 .
a.Repair or replace joints that show visible signs of soil or water infiltration . Table 2 Joint Gap Tolerances Nominal Diameter (inches) Sepa ration (inches) 12 to 36 0.75 42 to 48 1.00 54 to 90 1.25 96 to 144 1.75
E.Damage
1.Pipes are to be free from :
a.Cuts, cracks, spalls, chips, or punctures . 1) Cracks are allowable up to 0.01 inch in width for reinforced concrete pipe
b.Loss or delamination of coatings.
c.Exposed reinforcing steel .
d.Imperfect concrete mixing and casting such as honeycomb or open texture .
Part 2 — Products
2.1 Pipe
A.General
1.Provide pipe according to the size, material and interior roughness, and joint type specified.
a.Meet the material requirements in Table 3.
b.Meet the joint requirements of AASHTO R 82 for silt -tight and leak -resistant joints.
c.Determine the strength and thickness of the pipe required based on the cover over the pipe. Refer to the DG Series Standard Drawings.
d.Maintain the same type of pipe material, joint, strength, and thickness throughout the entire length of pipe.
2.Internally label each section of pipe with the manufacturer's name or trademark, nominal diameter, and manufacture date. Include the pipe class, gauge, and coating according to the pipe material type.
a.Place the pipe so that the location of the label is above the spring line of the pipe. Table 3 Pipe Material Specifications Interior Roughness and Material Type Corrugated Polymer Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe and Pipe Arch AASHTO M 245 Aluminum Corrugated Pipe and Pipe Arch AASHTO M 196 Smooth Profile Wall Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipe AASHTO M 294 Profile Wall Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipe AASHTO M 304 Profile Wall Polypropylene Pipe AASHTO M 330 Steel Reinforced Thermoplastic Ribbed Pipe AASHTO M 335 AASHTO MP 40 Polymer Coated Spiral Rib Steel Pipe and Pipe Arch AASHTO M 245 Spiral Rib Aluminum Pipe and Pipe Arch AASHTO M 196 Reinforced Concrete Pipe AASHTO M 170 Elliptical Reinforced Concrete Pipe AASHTO M 207
B.Reinforced Concrete Pipe
1.Use a Department prequalified supplier of precast concrete products.
2.Use Type V Cement. Refer to Section 03055.
3.Do not cast lift holes except for circular pipe that has a nominal diameter greater than 54 inches or any elliptical pipe.
a.Plug and seal lift holes in a manner such that the pipe section will meet pressure requirements.
4.Use a rubber gasket for circular reinforced concrete pipe. Refer to ASTM C 443.
5.Use a mastic joint sealant for elliptical reinforced concrete pipe. Refer to ASTM C 990.
C.Metal Pipe – Steel and Aluminum
1.Do not allow pipes of different types of metal to contact each other.
2.Use rubber gaskets on all connecting bands. Refer to ASTM D 1056 for flat gaskets and ASTM C 443 for O -ring gaskets.
3.Use bands with projections (dimple bands) only in extension of existing pipes or a field cut where annular corrugations do not exist.
D.Thermoplastic Pipe - HDPE, PVC, Polypropylene and Steel Reinforced Thermoplastic Ribbed Pipe
1.Use an AASHTO NTPEP compliant supplier of thermoplastic pipe.
2.Do not use in permanent above ground installations.
3.Do not use greater than 36 inch diameter for PVC pipe.
4.Do not use greater than 120 inch diameter for Steel Reinforced Thermoplastic Ribbed pipe.
5.Do not use greater than 60 inch diameter for HDPE and Polypropylene pipe.
6.Use bell and spigot joints with an elastomeric rubber gasket. Refer to ASTM F 477.
2.2 Pipe Foundation, Bedding and Backfill Material
A.Refer to Section 02056.
2.3 Asphalt Mastic
A.Refer to AASHTO M 243.
Part 3 — Execution
3.1 Installation
A.Excavation and Backfill
1.Refer to Section 02317 and DG Series Standard Drawings .
2.Keep trenches free from water.
3.Grade and prepare the bottom of the trench to provide a firm and uniform bearing throughout the entire length of the pipe.
a.Do not use blocking to bring the pipe to grade.
b.Shape the pipe foundation and bedding to have recesses to fit any projecting hubs or bells.
4.Remove and relay or replace pipe that is out of alignment, not joined properly or damaged before placing backfill.
B.Follow manufacturer’s recommendations for connecting pipes and for connecting pipe to end sections, concrete headwalls, catch basins, and similar structures.
1.Do not allow pipes of different types of metal to contact each other.
2.Spray or brush- coast aluminum pipe contacting concrete with asphalt mastic to a minimum thickness of 0.05 inch.
3.2 Post Installation Pipe Inspection
A.General
1.Inspect pipes after installation of pipe, placement of backfill and before placing pavement or finished grade according to Table 4 and Table 5. Table 4 Roadway Functional Classification Percent of Pipe s to Inspect Interstate and Arterial 100 Collector s and Local 50 Table 5 Pipe Testing Requirements Pipe Size Visual Deflection* Manual Remote Manual Mandrel ≤ 48−inch dia. X X > 48−inch dia. X X * Deflection testing is required for circular metal and thermoplastic pipe only .
2.The Engineer will determine which pipes to inspect when the percentage of pipes to inspect is less than 100 percent.
a.Inspect addition al pipes with apparent defects and as directed by the E ngineer .
3.Inspection is not required for pipes less than 20 ft in length.
4.Notify the Engineer at least 24 hours before performing an inspection.
5.Clean and flush the pipe with water immediately before the inspection.
a.Remove and dispose material and debris from pipes.
B.Remote Inspection
1.CCTV Equipment
a.Record video using a crawler mounted camera capable of panning and tilting to a 90 degree angle with the axis of the pipe and rotating 360 degrees.
b.Center the camera head in the pipe both vertically and horizontally to allow a clear picture of the entire periphery of the pipe.
c.Video image must be continuously illuminated, clear, focused, and free from roll, static, or other i mage distortion qualities that may prevent the reviewer from evaluating the pipe’s condition. 1) Calibrate the video’s lighting and focus to view the internal markings within the pipe.
2.CCTV Inspection
a.Remote video inspection operator must have a current NASSCO Pipeline Assessment certification.
b.Use the video image to observe horizontal and vertical alignment deviations, joints gaps, and pipe damage. 1) Document all observations with captions in the video. 2) Note each location and provide a still image in the inspection report.
c.Do not move the crawler through the pipe at a speed greater than 30 ft/minute. 1) Stop the crawler and video the entire circumference at each joint. 2) Stop the crawler and zoom when necessary to video observations .
C.Manual Inspection
1.Perform manual inspection for pipes in the presence of the Engineer.
a.Follow UOSH requirements for inspecting confined entry spaces.
2.Observe and document the following:
a.Deflection - Take the following measurements every 10 ft along the length of the pipe to the nearest ¼ inch: 1) Vertically from the crown to invert . 2) Horizontally at the spring line . 3) Two measurements, each diagonally at 45 degrees to the pipe spring line.
b.Cracks – Measure cracks using a device capable of measuring 0.01 inch.
c.Joint Gaps – Measure the widest separation at each joint to the nearest ¼ inch.
d.Damage.
D.Mandrel Inspection
1.Perform the mandrel inspection for pipes in the presence of the Engineer or representative.
a.Verify t he diameter of the mandrel with a proving ring or other method according to manufacturer’s recommendations .
2.Mandrel
a.Contain at least nine equally spaced runners (40 degree angles).
b.Length not less than the diameter.
3.Deflection test
a.Pull a mandrel that is 5 percent less than the pipe nominal inside diameter.
b.Perform the following if the mandrel does not pass: 1) Record the maximum distance achieved from the inlet side. 2) Remove the mandrel and continue the i nspection from the outlet end of the pipe toward the inlet end. Record the maximum distance achieved from the outlet side. 3) Repeat inspection with a mandrel that is 7.5 percent less than the pipe nominal inside diameter .
Source: Utah Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2026 Edition. Pages 364–373 of 1,331.