All protective coatings shall consist of pigments and vehicles conforming to the general requirements of these specifications, proportioned and treated to produce materials possessing the detailed composition and physical properties. 711.1 through 711.4: Blank 711.5-CONCRETE PROTECTIVE COATINGS AND STAIN: 711.5.1-General: This specification provides the requirements for concrete protective coatings and stains. Concrete coatings and stain may be used as surface finishes for designated surfaces of cement concrete structures. The protective coatings and stains must hide form marks, patches, and other minor irregularities and prevent deterioration, spalling, and other damage to the concrete due to the action of the weather and deicing chemicals. These materials must have protective and corrosion resistance properties. The storage life will be based on manufacturer recommendations. 711.5.2-Physical Requirements: An independent testing laboratory acceptable to the Division shall perform the tests described herein on representative samples of the material. Tests listed herein are the minimum testing requirements to be met. When requested in writing, the Engineer may accept materials based on conformance to the same type of test but differing on minor procedural points. Attach copies of test procedures which differ from those stated herein.
i.Freeze-Thaw Test: Cast and cure 3 concrete specimens no less than four (4) by six (6) by six (6) inches. Moist cure specimens for 14 days and then dry in room air at 60° to 80° F for 24 hours before applying protective coating. Ensure that there is no excessive oil on specimen forms. Coat sides of specimens (brush permitted) according to the manufacturer’s directions at a rate of 50 ± 10ft 2/gal and cure at room temperature for 48 hours, after which:
1.Immerse in water at room temperature 60° to 80°F for 3 hours and remove.
2.Place in cold storage at 5° F for one hour and remove.
3.Thaw at room temperature, 60° to 80°F for one hour.
4.Repeat steps 1), 2) and 3) to complete a total of 50 cycles. At the end of 50 cycles of the Freeze/Thaw Test, ensure that the coated specimens show no visible defects. ii. Salt Fog: Apply the masonry coating to concrete at a rate of 50 ± 10ft2/gal and test the coating according to ASTM B117. Expose the coating to a 5 percent (5%) sodium (salt) solution for 300 hours and maintain it at 194° ± 4° F during the period of exposure. Ensure that it shows no loss of adhesion or dete rioration at the end of the 300 hours. iii. Fungus Growth: Ensure that protective coatings pass a fungus resistance test as described by federal specifications TT-P-29. After a minimum incubation period of 21 days, ensure that no growth is exhibited on the coatings. iv. Color–The color choice shall conform to SAE International AMS-STD-595 A, Federal Standard Colors. The color difference, ΔE, of the acceptance samples shall not be more than five units from the chosen Federal Standard Number submitted. 711.5.3-Approval: For approval of concrete coatings, the manufacturer shall submit copies of certified test reports to the Materials Control, Soils and Testing (MCS&T) Division for review and approval. An independent testing laboratory acceptable to the Division s hall perform the tests described herein on representative samples of the material. Tests listed herein are the minimum testing requirements to be met. Attach copies of test procedures which differ from those stated herein. In addition, provide brochures or booklets containing detailed instructions and explanatory remarks about surface preparation, application procedures, and operations. The Division may also choose materials tested by the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) and/or the North East Protective Coating Committee (NEPCOAT) to be placed on the approved source list. 711.6-ZINC PRIMERS: 711.6.1-Organic Zinc Primer: 711.6.1.1-General: This specification provides the requirements for an organic zinc rich primer. The Organic Zinc Primer may be used in the shop on new steel or in the field on existing steel. The steel shall be capable of being blast cleaned to a near -white finish, meeting SSPC-SP-10 requirements for new steel, and SSPC-SP-6, for existing steel. When used as a shop primer, the material shall have a minimum slip coefficient of 0.50 (Class B) when tested in accordance with “Test Method to Determine the Slip Coefficient for Coatings used in Bolted Joints” as adapted by the Research Council on Structural Connections. Acceptance for field painting will be based on batch testing of materials that do not meet the minimum of 0.50 (Class B) slip coefficient. The primer may be top coated with materials meeting the requirements of Subsections 711.22.3 and 711.22.4. The dry film thickness requirement will be based on manufacturer recommendations. The paint storage life will be based on manufacturer recommendations. 711.6.1.2-Physical Requirements: Shall be as per SSPC Paint 20, Type II with the following exceptions:
i.The VOC shall not exceed 3.5 lbs/gal. ii. Viscosity of the mixed paint shall be in accordance with ASTM D562. Variance shall be within ±10 Krebs Units of the viscosity of the previously qualified paint. iii. Weight per gallon of the mixed paint shall be in accordance with ASTM D1475. Variance shall be within ±0.5 pounds of the weight per gallon of the previously qualified paint. 711.6.2-Inorganic Zinc Primer: 711.6.2.1-General: This specification provides the requirements for an inorganic zinc rich primer. The Inorganic Zinc Primer shall be shop applied only, over a near white blasted surface, meeting SSPC – SP-10 requirements. The primer shall have a minimum slip coefficient of 0.50 (Class B) when tested in accordance with "Test Method to Determine the Slip Coefficient for Coatings used in Bolted Joints" as adapted by the Research Council on Structural Connections. The dry film thickness requirement wi ll be based on manufacturer recommendations. The paint storage life will be based on manufacturer recommendations. 711.6.2.2-Physical Requirements: This primer shall meet the requirements set forth in AASHTO M 300 with the following exceptions:
i.The VOC shall not exceed 3.5 lbs/gal. ii. The adhesion shall be a minimum of 4B when tested in accordance with ASTM D3359, Method B. iii. Viscosity of the mixed paint shall be in accordance with ASTM D562. Variance shall be within ±10 Krebs Units of the viscosity of the previously qualified paint. iv. Weight per gallon of the mixed paint shall be in accordance with ASTM D1475.Variance shall be within ±0.5 pounds of the weight per gallon of the previously qualified paint. 711.7 through 711.11: Blank
711.12 Epoxy Coatings:
711.12.1 General: This specification provides the requirements for a two component,
modified epoxy coating for use as a spot primer or a one coat system for use on poorly prepared surfaces on most existing structures. The coating may be used as a primer over steel that has been cleaned to a minimum of SSPC-SP-2. If it is used as a primer, it may then be coated with the manufacturer’s recommended intermediate and/or top coat from the Division’s approved list of Zinc Rich Low VOC Systems (711.22). This coating shall also be suitable for use over zinc rich primers. All ingredients are not specified; however, the finished product shall comply with the requirements prescribed. The dry film thickness requirement will be based on manufacturer recommendations. The paint storage life will be based on manufacturer recommendations.
711.12.2 Composition: The pigment shall not react with the vehicle or interfere with the
cure. The pigment may be aluminum flake powder or paste. The metallic aluminum pigment may be replaced by other pigments and coloring agents necessary to provide the sp ecified color. The vehicle shall be modified epoxy resin and curing agent. The vehicle shall be formulated to permit trouble free application during normal humidity conditions.
i.Color–The color choice shall conform to SAE International AMS-STD-595 A, Federal Standard Colors. The color difference, ΔE, of the acceptance samples shall not be more than five units from the chosen Federal Standard Number submitted. ii. Gloss @ 60° shall be 30-50 for semi-gloss and 51 or greater for gloss finishes. iii. Flat finishes shall have a gloss of 29 or less.
711.12.3 Physical Requirements: Steel panels shall meet the requirements of
ASTM D609, Type III. Steel panels shall be sandblasted to a white metal blast finish in accordance with SSPC-SP-5, exposed to the atmosphere for 30 days so uniform rusting occurs, and then hand cleaned with a wire brush in accordance with SSPC-SP-2. The panel shall then be spray applied with epoxy maintenance coating according to manufacturers' recommendations.
i.Dry to touch @ 5 mils, dry, 24 Hours Maximum ii. Dry hard @ 5 mils, dry, 72 Hours Maximum iii. Weight per gallon, 10.5 Lbs. Minimum iv. Accelerated Weathering: Panels shall be tested in accordance with ASTM G154. After 1,000 hours exposure, the coating shall show no rusting, blistering, or loss of adhesion to the test panel.
v.Salt Fog: Panels shall be scribed to the base metal with an X of at least two (2) inch legs. The test panels shall then be tested in accordance with ASTM B117. After 1,000 hours of continuous exposure, the coating shall show no loss of bond, nor shall it show rusting or blistering beyond 1/16 inch from the center of the scribe mark.
711.12.4 Application Properties: The mixed paint, when thinned in accordance with
manufacturer's recommendations, shall be capable of b eing sprayed in one coat at a wet film thickness of 10 mils without runs or sags. The properly thinned paint shall be capable of brush and roller application. The manufacturer's current printed instructions for application of the epoxy maintenance coating shall be submitted to the Division for review and approval prior to application. The paint storage life will be based on manufacturer recommendations.
711.13 through 711.20: Blank
711.21 Repair of Damaged Galvanized Surfaces:
Repair of damaged galvanized surfaces will be done using a primer meeting the requirements Section 711.6.
711.22 Zinc Rich Low Voc System:
711.22.1 General: Each product in the system shall be from the same paint manufacturer.
Each coat shall be a contrasting color to the one previously applied. The use of the intermediate coat meeting 711.22.3, shall be at the option of the paint manufacturer. In either case, the adhesion of the system shall be a minimum of 4A when tested in ac cordance with ASTM D3359, Method A. The adhesion test shall be conducted approximately 14 days after application of the top coat. All products shall have a maximum VOC of 2.8 lbs / gallon with exception of the primer, which shall have a maximum VOC of 3. 5 lbs / gallon. The dry film thickness requirement will be based on manufacturer recommendations. The paint storage life will be based on manufacturer recommendations. The prime fabricator is responsible for choosing the paint system when shop applied.
711.22.2 Primer: The primer shall meet the requirements of subsection 711.6.
711.22.3 Intermediate Coat: This material shall meet the manufacturer's specification
and shall be compatible with a primer (711.6) and the top coat (711.22.4).
711.22.4 Top Coat: This material shall meet the manufacturer’s specification and shall
meet the requirements of 711.22.4.1. After system approval, all topcoat material shall be batch tested for color and dry time.
711.22.4 1-Physical Requirements:
i.Dry Hard-24 Hours Maximum ii. Color–The color choices shall conform to SAE International AMS -STD-595 A, Federal Standard Colors. The color difference, ΔE, of the acceptance sample shall not be more than five units from the chosen Federal Standard Number submitted. iii. Gloss @ 60° shall be 30-50 for semi-gloss and 51 or greater for gloss finishes. Flat finishes shall have a gloss of 29 or less.
711.22.5 System: The system shall be composed of a primer, intermediate, and topcoat,
or a primer and topcoat. Application and dry film thickness shall be based on the manufacturer recommendations. The use of the intermediate coat shall be at the option of the paint manufacturer.
711.22.5 1-System Requirements:
i.Intercoat Adhesion-The adhesion of the system shall be a minimum of 4B when tested in accordance with ASTM D3359, Method B. ii. Accelerated Weathering-After cycling 1000 hours there shall be no evidence of checking, cracking, rusting, or blistering. The degree of chalking shall not be less than No. 6 when tested according to ASTM G154. The color difference after 1000 hours shall be no more than five ΔE units. iii. Salt Fog-Testing shall be in accordance with ASTM B117. After 1000 hours of continuous exposure, there shall be no evidence of checking, cracking, rust ing, or blistering.
711.23 Material/System Approval:
711.23.1 The Division will develop an approved list of products meeting this specification.
This list will be placed on the Division’s website. The list may be based upon previous testing performed by the Division, or the Division may choose materials from the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) and/or the North East Protective Coating Committee (NEPCOAT) tested materials. Upon approval by the Division, further testing may not be required. The Division may request random samples to assure compliance with specification requirements. Any materials not previously tested by MCS&T Division, NTPEP, or NEPCOAT shall be submitted for evaluation and approval testing. Paints and coatings submitted for approval testing shall be furnished to the MCS&T Division in appropriate containers not holding more than one gallon of material. Each component shall be labeled appropriately, and the following information shall be provided with the sample:
i.Name and address of Manufacturer ii. Trade Name or Trade Mark iii. Type of Paint iv. Lot or Batch number
v.Date of manufacturing vi. All SDS/PDS information pertaining to the material vii. Reference to the Division’s Standard Specifications viii. One (1) one-gallon kit of product/thinner
711.23.2 Any samples for approval testing and all supporting documentation shall be
shipped to the address provided below: West Virginia Division of Highways Materials Control, Soils and Testing Paint Laboratory 190 Dry Branch Drive Charleston, West Virginia, 25306
711.24 through 711.39-Blank
711.40 Temporary White Or Yellow Traffic Zone Paint:
Temporary Traffic Zone Paint shall be any commercially available white or yellow paint designed for use on highways. The paint shall be applied with glass beads, designed by the manufacturer to be compatible with the paint.
711.40.1 Color and Retroreflectivity Requirements: The Contractor may retest any
areas or sections reported as being deficient, in the presence of a project inspector, in order to verify the deficiency of the areas or sections. However, the final decision in regards to requiring re-striping shall be at the Project Engineers discretion. Color: After the application of the glass beads or other retroreflective elements, each color installed shall fall within the boundaries created by the following CIE Chromaticity Coordinate Limits within three (3) and up to thirty (30) days after application: COLOR CIE CHROMATICITY COORDINATE LIMITS 1 2 3 4 X Y X Y X Y X Y White 0.480 0.410 0.430 0.380 0.405 0.405 0.455 0.435 Yellow 0.575 0.425 0.508 0.415 0.473 0.453 0.510 0.490 Retroreflectivity: The markings shall be visibly retroreflective, under both dry conditions and conditions of moderate rainfall, within three (3) and up to thirty (30) days after application. The markings shall be readily visible when viewed with automobile headlights at night. Markings not meeting the above visual criteria shall be subject to replacement by the Contractor at no additional charge to the Division. If necessary, retroreflectivity readings representing an adequate sampling, to be determined by the Project Engineer, may be performed by Division personnel. Readings shall be taken with an LTL 2000, or approved equal, hand held Retroreflectometer. The markings shall have a minimum retroreflective reading of 150 mc/1x/m² within three (3) and up to thirty (30) days after application. A 5% tolerance with the stated minimum required retroreflectivity values shall be allowed when tested with a hand held retroreflectometer.
711.40.2 MAP-21 Section 1504 Requirements: Reflective elements that are
manufactured using glass and that are applied to temporary traffic zone paint shall meet all applicable state and federal requirements pertaining to materials content. Specifically, such elements shall meet the requirements of Section 1504 of MAP -21. Prior to application of the markings, the Contractor shall provide certifications of compliance with Section 1504 of MAP -21 for all applicable reflective elements. These certifications shall be from each supplier of applicable reflective elements to be used on the project, and shall identify the reflective elements being used on the project by stating the identifier used by the supplier(s), such as the product name(s) or product code number(s). Each supplier’s certification shall be accompanied by a certification(s) from an independent testing laboratory. The lab certification(s) shall certify that a representative sample of the supplier’s product(s) has been tested, and that the product(s) meets the requirements of Section 1504 of MAP -21. The lab certification(s) shall provide clear indication that the products tested include the product(s) specified by the supplier(s) in their certification letter(s), and shall indicate the date(s) that the testing was performed. The date of testing for each product shall be one (1) year or less prior to the letting date of the Contract. The representative sample(s) tested are not required to be from the same batch or lot number assigned to the reflective elements used on the project.
711.41 White Or Yellow Fast-Dry Traffic Paint (Type Ii):
711.41.1 General: The pavement marking material shall be formulated as a medium-life
pavement marking system capable of providing a minimum of one year of continuous performance. Solvent born paint, methyl methacrylate, chlorinated rubber, or other short duration products will be not approved. The composition of th e paint shall be left to the discretion of the pavement marking manufacturer. The Contractor shall provide a pavement marking system to meet the performance requirements specified herein. During the pavement marking warranty period, the pavement marking materials furnished and installed shall show no loss greater than five percent (5%) due to tracking, chipping, spalling, poor adhesion to the pavement, and damage from traffic and normal wear. Loss due to pavement failure, unless caused by the marking material, will not be considered as a material failure and will not be included in the loss calculations and/or retroreflectivity readings. There shall be no materials testing associated with the application of warranted pavement marking. However, the bin der, bead type(s), application rate, and all other particulars shall be provided to the Engineer. The pavement marking material shall be mixed uniformly throughout and shall have a homogeneous dispersement of color and beads when applied to the pavement. The material shall have a uniformly thick cross-section through its entire length. An appropriate pavement marking material shall be used such that the ambient air temperature at the time of application is within the recommended ambient air application temperatures specified by the material manufacturer. Section 663 specifies that the Contractor shall be required to apply an appropriate Type II material at temperatures as low as thirty-five degrees Fahrenheit (35°F). The warranty and performance criteria of this specification shall apply to Type II markings placed on or after April 15th and prior to November 1st. Markings placed prior to April 15th, and on or after November 1st shall be required to meet the specified warranty performance requirements at the time of application only.
711.41.2 Color and Retroreflectivity Requirements: The Contractor may retest any
areas or sections reported as being deficient, in the presence of a project inspector, in order to verify the deficiency of the areas or sections. However, the final decision in regards to requiring re-striping shall be at the Project Engineers discretion. Color: After the application of the glass beads or other retroreflective elements, each color installed shall fall within the boundaries created by the following: COLOR CIE CHROMATICITY COORDINATE LIMITS 1 2 3 4 X Y X Y X Y X Y White 0.480 0.410 0.430 0.380 0.405 0.405 0.455 0.435 Yellow 0.575 0.425 0.508 0.415 0.473 0.453 0.510 0.490 The color shall show no appreciable discoloration due to aging during the warranty period of this pavement marking. Pavement markings shall be visually checked by the Engineer at any time during the warranty period of this pavement marking. Additionally, the Engineer may at any time during the warranty period of this marking use a portable colorometer to determine if the markings have faded or darkened beyond the above described CIE Chromaticity Coordinate Limits. The Colormeter used shall be a LTL -Y or other hand held colormeter device approved by the Division. Retroreflectivity: Markings installed on or after April 15th and prior to November 1st shall maintain a minimum retroreflectivity value of 200 mcd/m2/lx for white pavement markings and 150 mcd/m2/lx for yellow pavement markings through October 31st. Readings shall be taken with a LTL-X, or Traffic Engineering Division approved equal, 30 meter geometry retroreflectometer. A 5% tolerance with the stated minimum required retroreflectivity values shall be allowed when tested with a hand held retroreflectometer. A 15% tolerance with the stated minimum required retroreflectivity values shall be allowed when tested with a mobile retroreflectometer.
711.41.3 Sampling and Testing Procedures for Performance Samples: The Division
may conduct periodic pavement marking reviews throughout the warranty period of the markings. These reviews will occur at any time up to one (1) year after the markings have been placed. These reviews will evaluate the pavement marking material within the project limits for either day and night acceptability considering all requirements listed above. The following method will be used to measure the retroreflectivity and color acceptance of the pavement marking material:
1.Locate and identify the starting point for measuring retroreflectivity of pavement markings for a roadway. Obtain five readings per line over a 1000 foot length of each line and calculate the average reading. Repeat this procedure at each mile point in the project, taking 5 read ings per line over a 1000 foot section (500 feet on either side of the mile point), and averaging. Samples should be spaced out evenly over the entire 1000 foot section.
2.From each failed mile point, obtain an additional five readings for each failed line at a point 1/2 mile in each direction from the original failure point. Obtain five readings per line over a 1000 foot length of each line and calculate the average reading.
3.If the readings at either 1/2 mile point from the original failure point fail, th e Contractor shall be required to re -stripe the entire 1/2 mile section between the original failure point and the failed 1/2 mile point.
4.If the readings at either 1/2 mile point from the original failed point pass, the Contractor shall be required to re -stripe a distance of ¼ mile from the original failed point in the direction of the passing ½ mile point.
5.No readings shall be required to be taken between successive failing mile points and successive passing mile points. The Contractor shall be required to re-stripe the entire 1- mile section between successive failing mile points.
6.If a project is less than one -mile in length, but longer than ½ mile, 20 readings shall be taken for each line, spaced out evenly over the length of the project, and averaged to determine if each line is required to be re -striped. If a project is ½ mile or less in length, 10 readings shall be taken for each line, spaced out evenly over the length of the project, and averaged to determine if each line is required to be re-striped.
711.41.4 MAP-21 Section 1504 Requirements: Reflective elements that are
manufactured using glass and that are applied to Type II traffic paint shall meet all applicable state and federal requirements pertaining to materials content. Specifically, such elements shall meet the requirements of Section 1504 of MAP -21. Prior to application of the markings, the Contractor shall provide certifications of compliance with Section 1504 of MAP -21 for all applicable reflective elements. These cer tifications shall be from each supplier of applicable reflective elements to be used on the project, and shall identify the reflective elements being used on the project by stating the identifier used by the supplier(s), such as the product name(s) or prod uct code number(s). Each supplier’s certification shall be accompanied by a certification(s) from an independent testing laboratory. The lab certification(s) shall certify that a representative sample of the supplier’s product(s) has been tested, and that the product(s) meets the requirements of Section 1504 of MAP-21. The lab certification(s) shall provide clear indication that the products tested include the product(s) specified by the supplier(s) in their certification letter(s), and shall indicate the date(s) that the testing was performed. The date of testing for each product shall be one (1) year or less prior to the letting date of the Contract. The representative sample(s) tested are not required to be from the same batch or lot number assigned to the reflective elements used on the project.
Referenced in this section
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Source: Standard Specifications for Roads and Bridges, 2023 Edition. Pages 843–852 of 1,006. View official source ↗