408PLANING (MILLING) OF EXISTING PAVEMENT

200

Tack coat materials shall be fully cured before application of the overlying asphalt pavement layer is placed. Emulsified asphalt materials are considered as cured when the emulsion color has completely turned black. The NTSS-1HM asphalt emulsion shall be covered as soon as practical. Tack coat material shall be spread only far enough in advance to permit the construction to progress consistently, uniformly, and continuously after the curing period and shall not be applied so far in advance that the viscous quality will be reduced by traffic prior to construction thereon. Tack coat that loses its viscous quality before being covered shall be renewed and any which has been damaged shall be replaced without extra compensation.

405.04Method of Measurement

The amount of bituminous material used as directed for tack coat will be measured in gallons {liters}, as specified in Article 109.02. If Crafco or Pavon products are used, the Contractor shall provide a suitable means of measurement of the gallons of product used.

405.05Basis of Payment

The amount of bituminous material used as directed for tack coat, measured as noted above, will be paid for at the contract unit price bid per gallon {liter} which shall be full compensation for furnishing the bituminous material, hauling, heating, application, curing, and maintaining and for all equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work.

405-A Tack Coat - per gallon {liter} PLANING (MILLING) OF EXISTING PAVEMENT

408.01Description

This Section shall cover the work of removing existing asphalt pavement by either planing, micro- milling, or micro-fine milling.

408.02Equipment

The planing, micro-milling, and micro-fine milling machines shall be: • Self-propelled; • Of a size and shape that allows traffic to pass safely through areas adjacent to the work; • Equipped with automatic grade and cross slope controls; • Equipped with a means to prevent dust from escaping the milling operation; • Capable of maintaining the required depth of cut and cross slope; • Furnished with a lighting system for night work if night work is required or allowed by the engineer; • Provided with conveyors capable of removing the milled material and emptying it directly into trucks to be hauled away from the roadway. Micro-milling and micro-fine milling equipment shall be capable of removing pavement to an accuracy of 1/16 of an inch.

408.03Construction Requirements

The existing pavement shall be removed to varying depths in a manner which will restore the pavement surface to a uniform longitudinal profile and cross section as shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer. The approximate depths of required removal are shown on the plans. The depth of removal shall be increased or decreased across the width of the pavement to obtain the required roadway cross-slope. The Contractor may make multiple cuts to achieve the required depth of cut. The pavement removal shall be done to effectively minimize the amount of airborne dust. Wetting of the pavement may be required to minimize the airborne dust. The Contractor shall provide a means of drainage to prevent water accumulation on the surface where the pavement has been removed. PLANING (MILLING) OF EXISTING PAVEMENT 201

Unless otherwise noted on the plans, the pavement removal shall be limited to an area that will be covered with a surface treatment or a layer of pavement within the time shown below: • For planing, within 7 calendar days after removal has begun. • For micro-milling, within 30 calendar days after removal has begun. • For micro-fine milling, within 30 calendar days after removal has begun. The Contractor shall collect, transport, and dispose of the removed pavement material. The removed material shall become the property of the Contractor unless otherwise noted on the plans. After pavement removal and immediately prior to resurfacing or opening to traffic, the surface shall be thoroughly swept with a power broom to remove all debris, fine material, and dust particles. Sweeping shall be conducted in a manner that will minimize the potential for creation of a traffic hazard and minimize the creation of airborne dust. Material removed by sweeping shall be collected, transported, and disposed by the Contractor.

The final planed surface shall be a uniform finish on the grade and slope shown to be required on the plans. The finished surface shall also not vary more than 1/4 of an inch from a 10 foot straightedge placed anywhere on the surface of the milled area. The Contractor shall adjust the planing equipment if these surface tolerances are exceeded.

Micro-milling and micro-fine milling shall be performed on a test section prior to beginning the milling work. The size of the test section shall be the width of the milling drum and a length of 1000 feet {300 m}. The Mean Textural Depth (MTD) as measured by ASTM E 965 Standard Test Method for Measuring Pavement Macrotexture Depth Using a Volumetric Technique shall not exceed the following:

TABLE I MAXIMUM MTD FOR FINE AND MICRO-FINE MILLING Type of Milling Maximum MTD Micro-Milling 1/16 in. = 0.0625 in. Micro-Fine Milling 1/32 in. = 0.03125 in.

Production micro-milling or micro-fine milling shall not begin until the Engineer approves the results of the test section. The Contractor shall adjust the equipment and mill another 1000 foot {300 m} long test section for evaluation by the Engineer until an acceptable test section has been produced. The Contractor will not be allowed to start production milling until an acceptable test section has been produced. Repeated test sections shall be located in areas that have not been milled. If the surface of the micro-milling or micro-fine milling is determined to be unacceptable at any time after production begins, the Engineer will require the Contractor to adjust the equipment and produce another test section for evaluation and approval. Payment will not be made for micro-milling or micro-fine milling test sections that are unacceptable. Payment will be made after adjustments have been made and the surface of the test section is milled to an acceptable finish.

The final micro-milled or micro-fine milled surface shall be a uniform finish on the grade and slope shown to be required on the plans. The finished surface shall also not vary more than 1/4 of an inch from a 10 foot straightedge placed anywhere on the surface of the milled area The Mean Textural Depth (MTD) as measured by ASTM E 965 Standard Test Method for Measuring Pavement Macrotexture Depth Using a Volumetric Technique shall not exceed the values given in Table I of this section. The Contractor shall adjust the micro-milling or micro-fine milling equipment and construct a test section for evaluation and approval if these surface tolerances are exceeded.

408.04Method of Measurement

The planing of pavement will be measured in square yards {square meters} computed from surface measurements taken to the nearest 0.1 of a foot {0.03 m} on the planed pavement. The micro-milling of pavement will be measured in square yards computed from surface measurements taken to the nearest 0.1 of a foot {0.03 m} on the micro-milled pavement. TRIPLE LAYER BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT 202

The micro-fine milling of pavement will be measured in square yards computed from surface measurements taken to the nearest 0.1 of a foot {0.03m} on the micro-milled pavement. In areas where a non-uniform layer of thickness is removed, the approximate layer thickness will be computed by averaging the depth of cut at opposite lane edges for each travelway at longitudinal measurement intervals of approximately 300 feet {100 m} or as directed by the Engineer. This average depth will be used to establish the item number under which payment will be made.

408.05Basis of Payment

The planing, micro-milling, and micro-fine milling of pavement will be paid for at the contract unit price which shall be full compensation for removing the pavement, collecting, transporting, and disposing of the removed pavement and other debris, the removal and disposal of pavement markers, sweeping the pavement and collecting, transporting and disposing of the swept debris and for all materials, equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work.

408-A Planing Existing Pavement (Approximately * inches thru ** inches thick) - per square yard {square meter} 408-B Micro-Milling Existing Pavement (Approximately * inches thru ** inches thick) - per square yard 408-C Micro-Fine Milling Existing Pavement (Approximately * inches thru ** inches thick) – per square yard * Lower limit of approximate thickness to be removed. ** Upper limit of approximate thickness to be removed. TRIPLE LAYER BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT

409.01Description

This Section covers the materials, equipment, construction, and application procedures for placing three applications of bituminous materials and aggregate for surfacing previously prepared bases or existing paved surfaces. Bituminous materials shall be placed within the tolerance specified, unless otherwise ordered by the Engineer in writing. Any variation outside of the designated limits shall be cause for ordering the treatment to be removed and replaced or corrected as directed by the Engineer, all without additional cost to the Department. The rate of aggregate coverage shown by the table is the approximate rate found to produce an acceptable coverage when properly applied. Regardless of the rate shown, the Contractor shall provide aggregate in sufficient quantities and so spread the aggregate that the bitumen is uniformly and evenly covered. The Engineer will notify the Contractor in writing should it become advisable to change the amounts of any material from the limits specified in the table. In such event an adjustment in the contract unit price will be made as specified in Subarticle 409.06(a).

409.02Materials

All materials shall comply with the requirements of Division 800, Materials, except as noted herein. Special reference is made to the following:

Sources for bituminous materials surface treatments shall meet the requirements given in Article

804.01

The Contractor shall have the option of the following material for the triple layer surface treatment:  CRS-2p  CRS-2hp  CRS-2l CRS-2p, CRS-2hp, and CRS-2l shall meet the specific requirements given in Article 804.04 and Subarticle 804.07(e). TRIPLE LAYER BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT 203

Coarse aggregates for bituminous surface treatments shall be crushed aggregate meeting the requirements of Section 801 and Section 802. The kind of aggregate materials used shall be at the Contractor's option within the following limits:

traffic shall be restricted as follows, based on the average daily traffic (ADT) count in both directions:  £ 500 vehicles per day - No restrictions apply.  > 500 but £ 1,000 vehicles per day - Carbonate stone shall not be used in the final application. Aggregates for the final application (wearing layer) shall be limited to siliceous aggregates such as granite, quartzite, blast furnace slag or lightweight aggregates (expanded clays or shales produced by the Rotary Kiln Method).  > 1,000 vehicles per day - Carbonate stone shall not be used in any application. The above will not apply to shoulder surfacing or detours, or to bituminous surface treatments which are to be covered over with a bituminous plant mix layer.

mix layer, for all applications on roads having an average daily traffic count (ADT) of less than 1500 vehicles, and for all applications of shoulder surface treatment work.

Aggregate Size Number Description Percent Passing By Weight, Sieve Size 3/8 inch No. 4 No.8 No. 16 No. 50 No. 100 No. 200 W-10 Manufactured Sand 100 95-100 - 45-95 8-30 1-10 0-4

409.03Construction Requirements

In general, it shall be the Contractor's responsibility to select the proper sizes and amount of equipment to provide the desired results, but as a minimum the following basic items given below shall be provided. In addition, all equipment necessary for the proper execution of the work shall be assembled on the site and must be approved and in good working order before permission to start any treatment will be given. All equipment approved for use shall be on a trial basis, and if after a short test section the equipment proves to be unsatisfactory, it shall be removed, replaced, or supplemented as necessary to accomplish the desired results.

Cleaning equipment shall be capable of cleaning the surface thoroughly without cutting, tearing, or otherwise damaging the surface.

A pressure distributor shall be required and shall be so designed and operated that it will distribute the contents, at a pressure between 30 psi {200 kPa} to 75 psi {500 kPa}, in a uniform spray for the full width of the treatment area without atomization, at the rate and within the limits specified. Distributors shall be equipped with a tachometer to indicate the application rate. Heating equipment shall be provided. Distributors shall be capable of circulating or agitating the bitumen throughout the heating process providing a uniform temperature, within the ranges specified herein, and suitable means shall be provided for determining such temperatures. Suitable measuring equipment for accurately measuring the volume in gallons of the bituminous materials before and after application shall be provided. The distributor shall be equipped with a spray bar of adjustable height, hand hose, and nozzle.

A self-propelled aggregate spreader with mechanically actuated spreading attachments and adjustable widths of satisfactory design and performance will be required; however, when the area to be processed is of such size or shapes that to require the use of a mechanical spreader would be impractical, the Engineer may permit the aggregate to be spread manually.

A self-propelled steel wheel roller having a weight {mass} between 3 tons {3 metric tons} and 8 tons {7 metric tons} shall be required immediately behind the aggregate spreader followed by a self-propelled pneumatic tired roller. The Contractor shall ensure that the roller weights within TRIPLE LAYER BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT 204

these limits can properly seat the aggregate without fracturing the aggregate. Only one coverage shall be made with the steel wheel roller. A self-propelled, two axles, pneumatic-tired rollers with smooth-tread rubber tires aligned such that gaps between the tires on one axle are covered by the tires of the other axle shall be required. The Contractor shall ensure that all tires are of the same size and ply rating and inflated to a minimum of 60 psi {415 kPa}. The Contractor shall maintain tire pressure such that the difference in pressure between any two tires does not exceed 5 psi {35 kPa}.

All bituminous treatments shall be applied in strict conformity with the following:

Bituminous surface treatments shall not be placed on a wet surface or when the Engineer will not allow the placement due to existing unfavorable weather conditions. They shall not be placed when the temperature is expected to fall below freezing during the night regardless of daytime temperature, when the ground is frozen, or when the surface temperature is less than 32°F {0°C}. Triple Layer Bituminous Surface Treatment shall not be placed when the air temperature is below 60 °F {15°C}. All three layers of the bituminous surface treatment shall be placed prior to allowing traffic on the new surface when the air temperature is equal to or greater than 95°F {35°C} and the relative humidity is 85% or greater

Aggregates spread when the temperature is 70 °F {20°C} and above may be surface damp but not wet. Aggregates spread when the temperature is below 70 °F {20°C} shall be surface dry. Aggregates found by the Engineer to contain excessive moisture or free water at the time of use shall be rejected. The above limitations shall not be waived unless approved in writing by the Engineer.

Loose material, dust, dirt, caked clay, or any foreign material shall be removed. Cleaning shall be continued until the surface is clean or, in case of application on a soil or aggregate surface, all the loose dirt is removed and the surfaces of the larger size aggregate in the road surface are exposed but not dislodged. All cleaning of the area to be treated shall be completed before any bituminous material is applied.

No bituminous material or treatment shall be applied until the base or underlying surface has been approved.

Bituminous materials used for each treatment shall be heated as previously noted. The material shall be maintained within the specific temperature range during application. Any material which has not been maintained within the specified range shall be rejected. The application temperature (°F {°C}) range for the Emulsified Asphalt with polymer additive shall be 140 °F – 180 °F {60°C - 80°C}. The bitumen shall be applied uniformly over the area to be treated. Where the treatment width is 26 feet {8 m} or less, the entire width shall be treated in one application, unless otherwise directed. Where only a partial width is treated in one application, extreme care shall be used to ensure a slight overlap of adjacent treatments, but not in excess of 4 inches {100 mm}. The spray bar shall be adjusted to the proper height for exact single or double overlap of spray area without partial overlap. Uniformity of discharge shall be checked before beginning application and at other times as directed by the Engineer. Streaked areas and any other areas lacking uniform distribution shall immediately be made uniform. In all cases the distributor shall be stopped before the application begins to run light (just before the distributor tank is completely empty). A method of making joints shall be used that will ensure that in beginning and ending the distribution of each load, a proper junction is made with the preceding and succeeding work without excessive bituminous material at the joints. In applying bituminous materials, the Contractor shall use effective means to protect structures, walls, curbs, etc. from discoloration or spattering.