659ROLLED AND HYDRAULIC EROSION CONTROL PRODUCTS

552

EROSION CONTROL PRODUCTS Product Application ECP Type Maximum Slope (H:V) Maximum Anticipated Channel Shear Stress1 (Pounds per Square Foot) Slope S4 4:1 - S3 3:1 - S2 2:1 - S1 1:1 - Channel C2 - 2.0 C4 - 4.0 C6 - 6.0 C8 - 8.0 C10 - 10.0 NOTE 1 (in the table of ECPs) : The approximate shear stress that an ECP would be exposed to in a channel may be calculated from the formula:  Approximate Shear Stress = g X D X S b  g = Unit weight of water: 62.4 pounds per cubic foot;  D = maximum expected depth of water in the channel (feet);  Sb = slope of bed in (feet per foot).

659.03Construction Requirements

The Contractor shall furnish the Type of ECP shown on the plans or designated by the Engineer. Unless shown otherwise on the plans, RECPs and HECPs may be used interchangeably if equivalent RECPs and HECPs are approved for use. The required Type of ECP shall not be changed without the written approval of the Engineer. Areas requiring rapidly degrading or no-net products will be shown on the plans. If the required Type of ECP is not available to be selected from List II-11, the Contractor shall furnish a more substantial ECP from List II-11 without additional compensation. (For example, if a Type S3 ECP is shown to be required on the plans, and there are no Type S3 products shown in List II-11, Type S2 or Type S1 will be an acceptable substitute. Similarly, if a Type C4 ECP is shown to be required on the plans, and there are no Type C4 products shown in List II-11, Types C6, C8 or C10 will be an acceptable substitute.)

Prior to placement of the ECP, the area shall have been prepared in accordance with the required ground preparation, fertilizing, seeding or other required treatment. It is important that the soil surface is smooth to ensure maximum surface area contact with the ECP.

The Contractor shall submit the ECP manufacturer's installation requirements, including staple patterns for rolled ECPs, to the Engineer before beginning the installation. The ECP shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements unless directed otherwise by the Engineer. Rolled ECP typical installation shall be parallel to the direction of flow. There shall be an anchor trench at the top of the installation. Upstream RECPs shall overlap any downstream RECPs. Adjacent RECPS shall also be overlapped. Staples shall be placed on overlaps, at the toe of the RECP, and throughout the RECP installation to ensure the RECP is in contact with the underlying soil. Rolled ECPs that are soil-filled permanent turf reinforcement mats will require either a temporary rolled erosion control product or sod installed on the soil surface to prevent erosion until permanent vegetation is established. Hydraulic ECP typical installation shall be in opposing directions to provide a solid blanket of product. HECPs shall be applied by equipment that meets the recommendations of the product manufacturer. HECPs shall be applied at the rate designated by the manufacturer specific to the slope. The application rate will be verified by measuring the air dry weight {mass} per pound {kilogram} and VINES, SHRUBS AND TREE PLANTING 553

dividing by the surface dimensions of the area covered. HECPs should not be installed in areas subject to channelized flow or areas having a potential to flood during a local 2 year, 24 hour storm event.

The ECPs shall be protected during all construction operations. Payment will not be made for the repair or replacement of the ECPs damaged by the Contractor, or for the repair or replacement of ECPs that fail because of improper installation.

659.04Method of Measurement

Erosion control products (ECPs) will be measured by the square yard {square meter} of the finished surface dimensions of the area covered. Separate measurement will not be made for folds, laps, check slots, anchor slots, etc.

659.05Basis of Payment

ECPs will be paid for at the contract unit price, which shall be full compensation for the furnishing and installation of the product including all materials, equipment, tools, labor and incidentals required to complete this item of work.

659-C Erosion Control Product, Type * - per square yard {square meter} * Type of ECP: S4, S3, S2, S1, C2, C4, C6, C8, C10 VINES, SHRUBS AND TREE PLANTING

660.01Description

This Section shall cover the work of furnishing, planting, and establishing healthy, live, growing trees, shrubs, seedlings, vines or other designated plants at designated locations on the project. The specie, size, etc. of vines, shrubs, seedlings and trees will be as indicated on the plans or proposal. Basic work consists of furnishing or harvesting of plants and transporting thereof; preparation of plant site or beds including furnishing and preparation of soil, fertilizer, mulch and other miscellaneous items incidental to the planting procedure; the planting of the plants in a workmanlike manner in accordance with accepted horticultural practices along with the water necessary to establish and maintain the plants in a live, growing condition throughout the life of the project. The amount of water to be used and when it shall be applied shall be the Contractor's responsibility until acceptance of the project.

660.02Materials

All materials shall conform to the requirements of Division 800, Materials. Specific reference is made to Roadside Improvement Materials, Section 860.

660.03Construction Requirements

All planting operations for vines, shrubs and trees shall be done under the on-site, direct supervision of a person possessing a current and valid professional services permit for the Setting of Landscape Plants and a Nursery Dealer Certificate issued by the Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries. Proof of the possession of these permits shall be furnished to the Engineer prior to the commencement of work. Any work performed without the on-site, direct supervision of these permitted individuals will be subject to rejection by the Engineer. The normal growing period for vines, shrubs, and trees is defined as that time period between April 1 and September 30. All vines, shrubs and trees shall be planted so as to provide the maximum growing time allowable under the contract time. All plantings shall be scheduled to provide a minimum of one growing season except as noted in Subarticle 860.06(b). Pine seedlings shall be planted in North Alabama only between December 1 and March 15; in South Alabama only between December 1 and February 15. Planting will not be permitted during periods of drought or when the ground is frozen. These seasonal limits may be changed only on written orders from the Engineer. VINES, SHRUBS AND TREE PLANTING 554

Any rock or underground obstructions shall be removed to the depth necessary to permit planting according to the plans and Specifications unless other locations for the planting are approved. Explosives may be used only where and as expressly approved.

{150 mm} greater than the depth of the roots or ball when extended in their normal position, and in no case less than 12 inches {300 mm} for vines and shrubs. The width of furrows or trenches shall be at least 12 inches {300 mm} greater than the spread of the roots when extended in their normal position, and in no case less than 12 inches {300 mm} for vines and 18 inches {450 mm} for shrubs.

vines or shrubs placed so that the crown, bud or base of the tops, as the case may be, is at or slightly below the previous growing level and the roots are in a natural spread. After the roots have been completely covered with plant topsoil, the commercial fertilizer 8-8-8 shall be evenly scattered over the surface of the plant topsoil at the rate of approximately 0.1 pound per foot {0.15 kg per meter} of furrow or trench, followed by a satisfactory watering. After the water has soaked in and the plant topsoil is no longer muddy, additional plant topsoil shall be added and firmly compacted. Compaction shall stop when the compacted plant topsoil is 2 inches {50 mm} below the finished grade. The balance of the furrow or trench shall then be filled with loose plant topsoil until it is slightly lower than the finished grade.

Planting operations shall be in accordance with the specifications for row planting as far as applicable. Commercial fertilizer, 8-8-8, shall be applied at a rate of 0.1 pound per square yard {0.05 kg per square meter}. Pits for trees and shrubs shall not be less than 18 inches {450 mm} deep and 3 feet {900 mm} in diameter unless otherwise shown on the plans. If the trees to be planted are larger than 2 inches {50 mm} in caliper or 10 feet {3 m} in height, the size of the pits shall be increased in proportion to the increase in size of the trees. For shrubs the pit shall be 12 inches {300 mm} greater than the ball diameter or root spread. The bottom of all planting pits for trees shall have the soil loosened at least 6 inches {150 mm} deeper than excavated. The side walls of all planting pits shall be vertical and the bottoms flat. Sloping walls of pits or crowding of root systems will be cause for rejection of the planting.

Tile or pipe underdrain subsoil drainage shall be installed as provided by the plans or directed. Such tile pipe shall meet the requirements of Section 853. Trenches shall be not less than 18 inches {450 mm} below finished grades. Drain tile shall be connected with a suitable outlet.

Excess soil shall be disposed of as directed.

Unless otherwise provided by the plans, plant topsoil shall be used in preparation and in the backfill of plant pits in connection with row planting and spot planting.

relation to the level of the surrounding ground as they bore to the ground from which they were dug. All plants shall be planted in plant topsoil which shall be settled by watering when required and by tamping. For spring planting, a shallow saucer capable of holding water shall be formed about each plant by placing a mound of soil around the edge of each pit, unless otherwise directed. Care shall be taken in setting plants to protect adjacent planting from damage.

plant topsoil carefully tamped around and under the base of each ball to fill voids. Platforms shall be removed. All cloth, ropes, et cetera, shall be removed from the tops of balls, but no cloth shall be pulled out from under the balls.

topsoil shall be carefully worked in among them. All broken and frayed roots shall be cleanly cut off. VINES, SHRUBS AND TREE PLANTING 555

The pine seedlings shall be transported to the planting area in a manner that will protect the roots from the wind and sun and guard against skinning or otherwise damaging the plant or root system. The roots shall be kept moist at all times. The recommended method of hand planting is shown in detail on the plans. Seedlings shall be placed in the hole to an approximate depth of 1/4 of an inch {6 mm} deeper than the depth the plant grew in the nursery. Care shall be taken not to bend or fold the roots due to a small shallow hole. Planting by use of a soil auger will be acceptable, if care is taken to remove the air pockets by packing to ground level.

No extra fertilizer will be required on areas that have been previously fertilized, fertilizer will be applied as directed by the Engineer, and payments made for extra fertilizer quantities provided on the plans.

The seedlings shall be spaced approximately 6 feet {1800 mm} on centers, or as shown on the plans, planting in an irregular pattern as outlined by the Engineer.

All pruning shall be done on the site before planting in accordance with the schematic drawings provided in the plans and as directed. Pruning shall follow modern horticultural practices (American Standard for Nursery Stock) and shall be done with approved tools designed for the purpose intended. Lopping, topping or shearing of trees or shrubs will be grounds for rejecting the plants as unsuitable and not meeting the requirements. Damaged, scarred, frayed, split, or skinned branches, limbs or roots shall be pruned back to live wood nearest to the next sound outside lateral bud, branch, limb or root. The terminal leader or bud in all trees or shrubs shall be left intact and not removed unless damaged. The top growth of all vines shall be cut back approximately one-third unless otherwise directed.

All trees shall be staked or guyed unless otherwise directed. Unless otherwise directed, all trees up to 2 inches {50 mm} in caliper, or up to 10 feet {3 m} in height, shall be supported by a single 8 foot {2.5 m} (above ground line) stake; all trees from 2 inch {50 mm} caliper up to 3.5 inch {100 mm} caliper, or from 10 to 14 feet {3 to 4.2 m} in height, shall be supported by two 10 foot {3 m} (above ground line) stakes. All trees from 4 to 6 inch {100 to 150 mm} caliper shall be supported by 4 stakes at least 12 feet {3.6 m} (above ground line) long. All stakes shall be at least 2 feet {600 mm} in the ground. All trees larger than 5 inch {125 mm} caliper, or other trees with heavy crowns shall be supported by anchored wires and guyed 3 ways with double No. 10 wire. Stakes shall not injure plant balls. No. 12 wire and rubber hose, or approved substitutes, shall be used to secure the tree to stakes without chafing or injury. Wires used for guying shall be secured to the tree by passing through a rubber hose, by using wood stakes protected from the bark by heavy cloth padding, or by similar means to prevent chafing and injury at a point approximately 2/5 of the height of the tree. Guy wires shall be anchored in the ground to stakes or deadmen at a distance from the trunk of about 3/4 of the height of fastening. Guy wires shall be tightened by driving the stakes, leaving subsequent tightening to be done by maintenance forces by twisting the wires.

Trees shall have their bark protected from transpiration using Method A, B, or C.

All trunks and branches shall be sprayed with "Dowax" or similar approved wax compound immediately before or after digging, The material shall be applied as directed by the manufacturer.

The trunks of all trees, from the ground line to the height of the second branches, or to the height directed, shall be wrapped not later than four (4) days after planting. Trees over 4 inches {100 mm} in caliper shall also have their larger branches wrapped. A single layer of burlap bandage shall be wound spirally starting from the base and overlapping 1.5 inches {38 VINES, SHRUBS AND TREE PLANTING 556

mm}. The burlap shall be securely tied in place with binder twine at about 6 inches {150 mm} intervals.

The trunks of all trees from the ground line to the height of the first branches shall be wrapped not later than four (4) days after planting with an approved wrapper, overlapping as noted in Method B.

Mulch shall be baled pine straw. All pine straw shall be fresh and shall be without decomposition. The minimum size of a bale of pine straw shall be 13 inches tall by 14 inches wide by 26 inches long and shall have enough straw to cover a minimum of 40 square feet to a depth of 3 inches. Pine straw shall be free of weeds, weed seeds, spores and fern fronds.

The vine, shrub and tree plantings shall be given one watering during the course of the planting operations and additional waterings as needed. Sufficient water shall be applied to wet thoroughly the adjacent area down through the root system. Water shall be applied in such a manner that will prevent erosion of the finished surface.

The Contractor shall properly care for all vine, shrub and tree planted areas in a satisfactory condition until the work has been completed, and until final acceptance as defined in Section 105 and other requirements contained in provisions included in the proposal. Care shall consist of providing protection of the planting beds and seedling areas by the use of clearly visible stakes or markers to prevent damage by State maintenance vehicles and/or others. Weeding and repairing of all planted areas or pits, including an area 3 feet {1 m} outside of the normal perimeter of the beds, pits or bedding areas, shall be required with particular attention directed to the following specific times:  At the inspection of all planted areas to be made prior to placement of the plants.  At the time of Final Inspection. In addition to the above, any damage to the adjacent areas mentioned above caused by the work involved in the preparing of or by the existence of the beds shall be repaired by the Contractor without cost to the State.

The Engineer shall make periodic inspections of the work to determine the condition of the plantings. On these inspections, especially those noted in this Section, all plants which the Engineer determines are not in a healthy growing condition shall be rejected. All plants rejected shall be immediately replaced by the Contractor with the same kind and sizes and in the same manner as originally provided except that plantings out of season shall comply with the requirements for out of season plantings noted in Article 860.06. Not less than 60 or more than 75 calendar days prior to the completion date of the project, an inspection of the plantings shall be made by the Engineer, at which time all defective, dead or missing plants shall be replaced as prescribed for out of season plantings. Based on the findings of the above noted inspection, the Engineer shall direct the Contractor to replace dead, defective or missing plants; such replacements shall be replaced in the same manner as noted for rejected plants in the paragraph next above. All replacements, etc., for plants prior to final acceptance shall be considered incidental to the work and no additional compensation other than the unit prices bid will be allowed. At the final inspection of the project, all dead, defective or missing plants shall be rejected and deleted from the contract and no compensation for rejected plants will be allowed.

660.04Method of Measurement

The accepted quantity of this material used as ordered will be measured in cubic yards {cubic meters} (loose measurement) in the vehicle at point of dumping. No measurement will be made for overhaul of this material.

The quantity of vines, seedlings, shrubs and/or trees to be paid for under this item will be the actual number ordered, planted and accepted. Only vines, seedlings, shrubs and trees in a living,