210.01 Description.
and/or City rules and regulations, and for furnishing all equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work.
b.Payment will be made under Item No .: 208-A Removal and Reinterment of Grave - per each 208-B Removal and Reinterment of Grave at Designated Site - per each SECTION 209 MAILBOX RESET
209.01 Description.
This Section shall cover the work of permanently resetting mailboxes required to be removed from their original position inside the right of way.
209.02 Materials.
All new mailboxes and new support materials furnished shall meet the requirements shown on the plans. The Contractor may re- use existing mailboxes or support materials if approved by the Engineer. Other materials shall be returned to the property owner if requested or disposed of by the Contractor.
209.03 Construction Requirements.
All work shall be done in a workmanlike manner in accordance with the requirements of local codes, ordinances, and U.S. Postal Service Regulations. Any materials lost or rendered unfit for re- use on account of negligence or improper handling by the Contractor shall be replaced by him without additional compensation.
209.04 Method of Measurement.
The number of mailbox reset installations will be the number of each type installation (i.e. single, double, or multiple) permanently reset as directed and accepted. No measurement or direct payment will be made fo r mailboxes removed only and not reset, or for mailboxes removed and temporarily reset.
209.05 Basis of Payment.
a.Unit Price Coverage . The number of mailbox reset installations, measured as above provided, will be paid for at the contract unit price eac h which shall be payment in full for all excavation, backfilling, resetting mailboxes and providing and installing all necessary mailboxes, hardware and support materials, and for all equipment, tools, materials, and labor necessary to complete the work. M aterials required for, and the construction of, the specified turnout will be paid for under other items of work.
b.Payment will be made under Item No .: 209-A Mailbox Reset, * - per each * Specify “Single”, “Double”, or “Multiple”, etc. EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT
210.01 Description.
The work under this Section shall cover the excavation, hauling, disposal, or compaction of all material not being removed under some other item which is encountered within the limits of the work and is necessary for all construction in accordance with these specifications and in reasonably close conformity with the lines, grades, thickness, and typical cross sections shown on the plans or established by the Engineer. All excavation covered in this s ection will be classified as "Unclassified Excavation", "Muck Excavation", "Channel Excavation", or "Borrow Excavation", as described in this Section. Attention is directed to the fact that the roadbed must be treated by one of the methods specified in Sec tion 230, 231 or 232 before the placement of an overlying subbase, base, or paving structure will be permitted.
210.02 Materials.
210.02 Materials.
a.General . All excavation within the right of way or easement limits will be known as Roadway and Drainage Excavation and wi ll be classified as "Unclassified Excavation", "Muck Excavation" or "Channel Excavation". Excavation outside of the right of way or easement limits will be classified as "Borrow Excavation."
b.Roadway and Drainage Excavation . Soils data indicated on the plans is for estimating purposes only and the Department does not guarantee the accuracy thereof. Material designated for removal under embankment areas will be reclassified according to its condition at the time of removal.
1.Unclassified Excavation. Unclassified Excavation shall consist of the excavation of all materials of whatever character encountered in the work, except Channel Excavation or Muck Exca vation when such items are included as separate pay items in the plans or proposal.
2.Channel Excavation. Channel Excavation shall consist of the excavation, removal, and disposition as noted or directed of all material necessary to provide inlet and outlet ditches or channels for drainage structures in accordance with plan details. However, unless specifically designated by plan details, such excavation will be classified as Unclassified Excavation.
3.Muck Excavation. Material unsuitable for immediate reuse due to organic content, saturated to the extent it is somewhat fluid, and must be moved by dragline, dredge, or other similar type equipment which operates outside the area being excavated, wil l be classified as muck. Unless explicitly authorized otherwise by the Engineer, before material is classified by the Engineer as muck, the Contractor will be required to demonstrate that the material cannot be removed by conventional methods and equipment normally used in the unclassified excavation operation. Conventional equipment includes all types of scrapers and dozers. If no item for Muck Excavation is provided in the plans or proposal, such excavation will be classified as Unclassified Excavation an d payment will be made as outlined in Item 210.10(a)1.
c.Borrow Excavation . Prior approval of all borrow sources must be given; however, this does not relieve the Contractor from the full responsibility for the quality and quant ity of the material used. Materials for borrow shall be in accordance with the following:
1.Embankment . Materials furnished for embankments above water and below subgrade shall be any stable material which can be compacted to the specif ied density.
2.Improved Roadbed. Materials furnished for the improved roadbed shall be any stable material meeting the requirements of Soil Classification A -1, A-2, A-3, or A -4, as determined by AASHTO M 145, within the following limitations.
a.Materials in the A -2 or A -4 Classification shall be submitted to the Central Materials and Tests Soils Laboratory for a Resilient Modulus test. The Resilient Modulus test results will then be evaluated by the Materials and Tests Engineer t o determine the suitability for use as Improved Roadbed.
b.Materials of the cherty or float gravel type which have a maximum of 50% passing the Number 8 {2.36 mm} sieve and 100% passing the 4 inch {100 mm} sieve will not be required to conform to the Soil Classification noted above.
c.Industrial waste, a residue from a manufacturing operation, may be used provided the material is taken from "cold" piles which are approved by the Materials and Tests Engineer and the material is broken down by roadway opera tions or pit operations or crushing methods to allow approximately 100 percent passing the 4 inch {100 mm} sieve. However, isolated oversize particles up to a maximum diameter of 1 inch {25 mm} less than the thickness of the compacted layer may be used, pr ovided such does not exceed 10 percent of the weight {mass} based on 1 square yard {1 m²}, 6 inches {150 mm} deep. The weight {mass} of 1 square yard {1 m²} will be calculated on the weight {mass} per cubic foot {cubic meter} of the material. This materia l shall have a unit weight {mass} of not less than 100 pounds per cubic
210.03 Construction Requirements.
foot {1600 kg/m³}, dry as determined by AASHTO T 99, Method "A" or "C", and conform to the following Composition Table: Composition Sieve % Passing By Weight {Mass} 4" {100 mm} 100 Liquid Limit (L.L.) 25 Max. Plasticity Index (P.I.) 6 Max. CBR 12 Min. Material meeting this specification will not be required to conform to any Soil Classification noted above.
3.Underwater Backfill Material. Material for underwater backfill shall b e selected sandy material of an A -3 Classification or an approved A -1 or A -2 material of which not more than 15 percent passes the Number 200 {75 µm} sieve. A rocky material that will form a firm foundation when deposited under water may also be acceptable .
4.Underwater Embankment Materials. Material for underwater embankment shall be secured from quarries designated on the plans or from other approved sources, producing equally satisfactory material. The material shall consis t of 1/2 cubic yard {0.5 m³}, and smaller, size stone taken from approved natural rock formations. The material shall be free from earth or other foreign material consisting of predominantly larger size stones. Material to be used for choking or blanketing the surface of the underwater embankment shall be of sandy or fragmentary nature, such as stone spalls or screenings, float gravel, or gravel. Material that will slake or become plastic in water shall not be used as choking material or in the blanket course. NOTE: Certain materials within the roadway excavation limits may be authorized for use as improved roadbed material, underwater backfill, or underwater embankment; however, such authorization shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 106.08.
210.03 Construction Requirements.
a.General . Prior to beginning excavation and embankment operations in any area, all necessary clearing and grubbing of the area shall have been performed in accordance with the provisions of Section 201, Clearing and Grubbing. Grading operations should commence as soon as possible after the beginning of the clearing and grubbing operations. Once grading operations begin, the work shall be continuous towards completing excavation and embankment unless approved otherwise in writing by the Engineer. Exposed erodible cuts and fills shall be final dressed, topsoil shall be placed, and the ground surface shall be stabilized with mulch and permanent seeding. The mulch and permanent seeding shall be placed in ver tical increments not exceeding 20 feet {6 m} as the work progresses. Embankments shall be constructed with temporary earth berms to divert runoff to cut slopes or temporary pipe as the work progresses. Final grading and permanent stabilization measures sha ll be initiated for cut slopes by the end of the next business day of meeting the limits of vertical grading increments or upon suspension or completion of grading operations in a given area. Final grading and permanent stabilizations of embankments shall be initiated by the end of the next business day of reaching subgrade. Special attention is directed to the requirements given in Section 665 and Sections 652 through 659 pertaining to the establishment of temporary and permanent erosion and sediment control measures. The excavation and embankment for the work shall be constructed and maintained so as to properly drain and have reasonably smooth and uniform surfaces. The final subgrade elevation and section of both cuts and fills shall be in reasonably cl ose conformity to that specified by the plans or directed (i.e. plus or minus 1 inch {25 mm} from the designated grade and slope elevations). No material shall be wasted without permission of the Engineer. Excavation operations shall be so conducted that material outside of the limits of the slopes will not be disturbed. Choice of equipment to perform the work shall be that of the Contractor. The type and number of units shall be such as to perform the excavation and embankment operations in conformity with these specifications and secure the density specified. Supplemental equipment shall be furnished as necessary to keep the work properly shaped. When the Contractor's excavation operations encounter artifacts of historical or archeological significance, th e operations shall be temporarily discontinued. When directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall excavate the site in such a manner as to preserve the artifacts encountered and allow
210.03 Construction Requirements.
for their removal. Such excavation, unless otherwise provided, will be considered and paid for as extra work. Where portions of existing pavement are to remain and join the surface of the new work, they shall be cut to a neat line with a vertical face using saws or other equipment that will not damage the retained portion of the work.
b.Roadway Excavation .
1.General . All intersecting roads, approaches, entrances, and driveways shall be graded and completed concurrently with the roadway grading and shall be kept passable at all times. During the grading operation, the area being graded shall be maintained reasonably smooth and well drained. Material used as directed by the Engineer for temporary surface to permit public use of the project will be paid for at the contract unit price of the mate rials so used. The Contractor shall maintain this temporary surface. Cuts may be widened and the slopes varied as directed during construction, according to the stability of the material encountered and the need for embankment material; however, benching o f backslopes in order to obtain material will not be permitted unless authorized in writing. If widening of a cut is necessary after the backslope is completed, a width sufficient to accommodate normal grading equipment will be allowed. Unauthorized excava tion beyond the required slope will not be paid for. Old roadways within the Right of Way shall be obliterated as directed. Roadway obliteration will be paid for as Unclassified Excavation, unless otherwise designated on the plans.
2.Removal of Topsoil . Topsoil within the construction limits shall be removed in the areas and to the depth as directed by the Engineer. Topsoil may include sod, but not tall vegetation or other debris, and shall be kept free from subsoil. It shall be sto ckpiled in approved locations with each stockpile not less than 4 feet {1.2 m} high, and containing not less than 200 hundred cubic yards {150 m³}. Each stockpile shall be shaped as necessary to permit accurate cross sections. The work of removal and stock piling of topsoil will be paid for as Unclassified Excavation. Temporary or permanent seeding, mulching and other erosion control measures shall be applied as directed by the Engineer and will be paid for under the appropriate items of work.
3.Selective G rading. Certain designated zones or portions of cuts which afford the more suitable soils for roadbed construction shall be reserved as directed for use in forming the upper graded earth layer or layers for embankments or cuts, for backfilling, and for oth er purposes. Should it become necessary to stockpile selected material for use below the subgrade elevation of the same cut, it may be stockpiled nearby so that the excavated material can be measured for payment for the rehandling.
4.Undercutting .
a.Soil. Unless noted otherwise on the Plans, cuts in soil shall be undercut 1 foot {300 mm} where improved roadbed is required. Undercut areas shall be further undercut if the Engineer determines that this is necessary for the removal of soft or yielding areas. The areas of increased undercutting shall be shaped to drain, backfilled with a suitable material and uniformly compacted to the density specified for embankment. The length of a section of undercutting shall be a minimum of 25 feet {7.5 m}. Areas where improved roadbed is not required shall also be undercut if the Engineer determines that this is necessary for the removal of soft or yielding areas. These areas shall also be shaped to drain, backfilled wi th suitable material and uniformly compacted to the density specified for embankment. All depressions in undercut sections shall be cleaned out and provisions shall be made for drainage. The depressions shall be backfilled and compacted with selected mater ials approved by the Engineer. Undercutting will be measured and paid for as Unclassified Excavation.
b.Rock. Cuts in rock shall be undercut 1 foot {300 mm} only where the rock does not extend above the subgrade across the full width of the improved roadb ed.
210.03 Cons truction Requirements.
All depressions in cuts in rock shall be cleaned out and provisions shall be made for drainage. The depressions shall be backfilled with a crushed aggregate base material meeting the requirements of Section 825 or a quarry crusher- run material suitabl e for the intended purpose. The backfill shall be compacted as directed by the Engineer. There will be no direct payment for the material required to fill depressions made in rock cuts where the depressions resulted from the removal of rock.
5.Excavation and Backfill of Muck . Excavation and backfill of muck areas shall be performed in a manner, acceptable to the Engineer, that will not permit the entrapment of muck within the backfill. The backfilling of the excavated area shall fol low immediately behind the excavation so that any soft material that is pushed ahead of the backfill can be removed. After muck removal, the Contractor shall allow the Engineer adequate time to take all elevations and measurements necessary for determining the volume removed. Normally, the material used to backfill the excavated muck areas will be selected Unclassified Excavation or Borrow Excavation, Item 210- A or 210- D, as shown on the plans or directed by the Engineer. When directed in writing by the Eng ineer, the material used to backfill the excavated muck areas will be Borrow Excavation (Underwater Backfill or Underwater Embankment), Item 210 -E or 210- F, meeting the requirements of Subarticle 210.02(c). Backfill material placed in water shall be so dep osited that its weight {mass} will displace and force any remaining muck outward and ahead of the backfill, and prevent trapping of muck pockets. Back-pressure from displaced muck against the toe of the advancing backfill shall be relieved promptly by exca vating the displaced muck as fast as it accumulates. Dikes ordered constructed within the right of way limits for controlling the muck will be paid for as Unclassified Excavation. In addition to the requirements of Article 210.05 for disposal areas, where directed, dikes shall be built (without extra compensation) to keep the deposited muck within the limits of the designated areas and as soon as the surface condition of the deposited material will permit, the Contractor shall remove all visible stumps, roo ts, logs, and other debris from the waste pile and shall dispose of them as specified in Subarticle 201.03(e) without extra compensation. Before acceptance of the work, all parts of the waste pile shall be drained and dressed to a pleasing and reasonably u niform surface and any necessary erosion control work performed, all as directed by the Engineer.
6.Excavation of Rock . Unless otherwise shown on the plans, the Contractor shall use the presplitting technique to split the face of t he rock cut in a relatively smooth plane along the designated backslope, prior to shooting the interior portion of the cut. Presplitting shall be accomplished by drilling holes at intervals of approximately 1.5 feet {500 mm} to 3 feet {1 m} to the proper depth along the designated slope, loading and stemming such holes with an appropriate light charge of explosive and detonating all holes simultaneously. The Contractor will not be required to presplit on slopes flatter than one to one. In the event the cut is too deep for the presplitting to be done in one operation, an 18 inch {450 mm} offset will be allowed for the subsequent presplitting operations after the initial presplitting and interior blasting. Any material outside the designated side slopes that h as been loosened or shattered by blasting shall be removed to provide a reasonably smooth and uniform slope. No rock shall project more than 1 foot {300 mm} inside the designated slope. Payment will be made for overbreakage and necessary backfill material for a distance not to exceed 1 foot {300 mm} outside the designated slopes or 1 foot {300 mm} below the designated elevation for undercutting; however, where presplitting is required, no overbreakage on side slopes will be paid. All overbreakage in excess of the noted limits shall be removed and necessary backfill performed by the Contractor without additional compensation. When authorized in writing, rock from roadway excavation may be used under other sections of the Specifications. In such event, payment will be made under the appropriate Section for which the rock is so used, and as provided in Section 106 for the replacement of materials for use in the embankment. All rock that is not required for other construction shall be placed in embankment, insofa r as possible, in accordance with the provisions for embankments. Large rock or boulders that cannot be used in embankment shall be disposed of by the Contractor.
210.03 Construction Requirements.
7.Benching . In cuts where unstable soil conditions occur, the pl ans may designate or the Engineer may direct the use of benching. The benching shall be accomplished by suitable drilling and blasting equipment when so directed. This benching will be measured and paid for as Unclassified Excavation. Benching may also be ordered to provide a more stable foundation for heavy embankment. Benching shall be accomplished by excavating horizontally along the hillside down to or into rock or other suitable undisturbed foundation material, forming a series of stepped benches. Each bench shall be in excavation for its entire width. The benches generally shall parallel contour lines. They shall be constructed at least 10 feet {3 m} wide and may be required to be wider for better support of embankment. Benching of embankment will be m easured and paid for as Unclassified Excavation only if it is required to be loaded onto equipment and hauled to another location.
c.Borrow Excavation . All stumps, logs, brush, roots, and other debris resulting from clearing and grubbing work in borrow pits shall be removed and disposed of as specified in Subarticle 201.03(e). No separate payment will be allowed for this operation. Material unsuitable for use in the work shall be disposed of in a satisfactory manner a nd the amount of such deducted or eliminated from quantities measured for pay purposes. All borrow areas shall be bladed and left in such shape as to permit accurate measurements after excavating has been completed. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer in sufficient time before beginning excavation so that the necessary cross sections may be taken. The finished borrow areas shall be left in a condition satisfactory to the Engineer and the property owner. Attention is directed to Subarticle 106.01(b) for conditions governing local pit operations. The selection of areas of the source for use and sequence of excavation shall be as directed by the Engineer in order that material of the best available gradation and soil characteristics may be secured.
d.Embankment .
1.General . Only suitable, approved materials shall be used in the work. The Engineer shall be the sole judge of the suitability of materials and may require such selection of materials as may be necessary to insure a satisfactory embankment. Sandy or rocky materials available shall be used to the extent practical across wet areas to form a floor for supporting the required embankment. After clearing and grubbing of the embankment areas is complete, all cavities and irregularities shall be enlarged to permit use of compaction equipment, backfilling and compacted as required. Foundation preparation shall consist of the work required to provide a stable foundation for the embankment. This may consist of undercutting and backfilling, flooring sufficient to support equipment, or other work as may be directed. Foundation preparation and compaction will be as directed by the Engineer. Where embankment is to be placed on old concrete pavements or pavements having concrete bases, the treat ment of the old concrete shall be as specified on the plans. Where embankment is to be placed on any other type of roadway pavement or surface, the existing pavement or surface shall be scarified to the extent necessary to provide ample bond between old an d new material.
2.Embankment Formation . Rocks, broken concrete, or other solid materials shall not be placed in embankment areas where piling is to be placed or driven. Roadway embankment of earth material shall be placed in reasonably uniform layers not exceeding 8 inches {200 mm} (loose measurement) and, insofar as practical, the full width of the embankment section. Each layer shall be compacted as specified before the next overlying layer is placed. Care shall be taken during the compaction operations so that uniform density is obtained. When the excavated material consists predominantly of rock fragments of such size that the material cannot be placed in layers of the thickness prescribed without crushing, pulverizing, or further breaking down of the pieces resulting from excavation methods, such material may be placed in the embankment as directed in layers not exceeding 2 feet {600 mm} in thickness. Each layer shall be leveled and smoothed with suitable leveling equipment and by distribution of spalls and finer fragments or earth. These type lifts shall not be constructed above an elevation of two feet {600 mm} below the finished subgrade. The balance of the embankment shall be composed of suitable material (no material larger than 4 inches {100 mm}) s moothed and placed in layers not exceeding 8 inches {200 mm} in loose thickness and compacted as specified for embankments.
210.04 Use of Materials.
Placing of large stones, up to two -thirds the remaining embankment height at the point of placement, will be allowed provided they a re spaced so as to permit free access of proper equipment to compact the intervening fill in normal layers. Other large stones may be placed on fill slopes as directed. When new embankment is to be placed against existing embankments, or when embankment is built one -half width at a time and slopes are steeper than 4:1 {1:4} when measured at right angles to the embankment, the old embankment shall be continuously benched and the new work brought up in layers. Benching shall be of sufficient width to permit o perations of placing and compacting equipment, but in no case less than 6 feet {2 m}. Material thus cut out shall be recompacted along with the new embankment material at the Contractor's expense. Underwater backfill and underwater embankment shall be depo sited in one layer for the full width of the embankment, or as directed, to the elevation designated on the plans or directed. In the formation of underwater embankment, the rock shall be fully choked with a blanket of approved choking material before plac ement of the remaining embankment. Embankment over, under, and around structures (pipes, culverts, arches, bridges and like), except pipes and arches 48 inches {1200 mm} or less in diameter, shall be selected embankment material placed and compacted or tam ped as noted herein in a manner and by methods that will avoid unbalanced loading, cause movement, or place undue strain on any structure. Attention is directed to Section 530 for pipes and arches 48 inches {1200 mm} or less in diameter. The Contractor sha ll be solely responsible for protecting the structures and any damage to any part of a structure due to not providing proper protection shall be cause for ordering its replacement without additional compensation.
3.Embankment Compaction . Layers of embankment shall be compacted as specified in Subarticle 306.03(b). Strict moisture control will not be required; however, it will be the Contractor's responsibility to maintain the moisture content necessary to satisfactorily compact the material. Compaction in a semi -dry condition will not be permitted. Where improved roadbed design is specified, the layers up to the bottom of the improved roadbed shall be compacted as noted above and finished true to required line, grade, and cr oss section. The improved roadbed layers shall then be constructed as provided in Article 230.03. Where improved roadbed design is not specified, the embankment layers shall be continued up to subgrade elevation with the same compaction requirement as noted herein. Just before placing a subbase or other material on this graded earth roadbed, the top 6 inches {150 mm} shall be reconstructed as provided in Subarticle 230.03(c) of these specifications. No compaction or density test will be required for underwa ter embankment or underwater backfill.
210.04 Use of Materials.
All suitable materials removed from the Roadway Excavation shall be used, insofar as practicable, in the formation of the embankment, roadbed, base layers, shoulders, slopes, bedding, and back fill for culverts, and for such other purposes and places as directed. Suitable materials shall be defined as those suitable for any of the above listed uses. No excavated material shall be wasted unless permitted in writing by the Engineer but shall be us ed uniformly to widen embankments, to adjust grades, to flatten slopes, or shall be deposited in such places and for such other purposes as may be directed. Such material shall be handled as follows:
1.Suitable Material. Suitable material shall be used at the time of excavation for any of the purposes outlined herein in this Article. It is not intended to stockpile suitable material unless ordered in writing by the Engineer. Payment for second handling will be made only when reused from stockpiles previousl y ordered by the Engineer.
2.Unsuitable Material. Unsuitable material that cannot be used at the time of excavation may, at the option of the Contractor, be temporarily stockpiled within the right -of-way, or the Contractor may make written request for dispos al as waste in an approved area on or off the right -of-way. Payment for the second handling of stockpiled unsuitable material will be made only when ordered in writing for use by the Engineer for a specific pay item. The remainder of the stockpiled materia l may be used to widen embankments, flatten slopes, etc. as allowed by the Engineer, with no payment for the second
210.05 Disposal Areas for Surplus Material.
handling, or shall otherwise be disposed of off the right -of-way with no payment for the second handling. No payment will be made for the se cond handling of unsuitable material deposited outside the construction limits at the time of excavation and later spread onto a fill slope, etc. by use of a dozer or similar equipment.
3.Channel Excavation. Channel Excavation shall be used to fill old chann els, in the construction of embankments, the flattening of slopes, or shall be disposed of as approved by the Engineer. If permitted by the Engineer, waste channel excavation may be spread in uniform layers, neatly leveled, shaped, and grassed with sufficient openings provided to permit surface drainage of adjacent lands; however, in no case will waste material piles be permitted to remain within 10 feet {3 m} of the edge of any ditch, channel, or cut. No payment will be made for any necessary rehandling of Channel Excavation material unless ordered for use by the Engineer from stockpiles for a specific pay item.
210.05 Disposal Areas for Surplus Material.
If no disposal areas are shown on the plans, the Contractor shall provide at his own expense disposal areas and submit along with the permission of the property owner a plan for treatment of the area which is acceptable to the Engineer. Said plan shall provide for dressing, grassing, or other treatment t o avoid unsightly appearance and not create a public nuisance or incur future maintenance problems. Disposal areas will not, in general, require clearing and grubbing or compaction of the waste pile; however, if clearing and grubbing or compaction is requi red, such will be designated by plan details or in the proposal. Reference is made to Item (f) of paragraph 3 of Article 107.13 concerning handling of waste material and treatment of areas.
210.06 Finishing and Dressing.
All the completed work shall be dressed and maintained substantially to the lines, grades, and cross sections shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer. Slopes shall be shaped, rounded, finished, or trimmed in a neat workmanlike manner to co nform to the slope lines shown on the plans or as modified by the Engineer. Care shall be exercised that no material be loosened beyond the required slopes. Compensation for all such finishing and dressing shall be included in the contract unit prices and no direct payment will be made for this work.
210.07 Erosion Control.
The Contractor shall incorporate into the work all permanent erosion control features provided in the contract at the earliest practical date. In addit ion, temporary erosion control features may be ordered by the Engineer to facilitate protection until the permanent control features can be installed. Stockpiles shall be located away from stormwater conveyance and outside areas having a potential to flood during a local 2 -year, 24- hour storm event. Stockpiles shall have a sediment barrier installed along all downgradient areas. Temporary and permanent erosion control features shall be initiated by the end of the next business day, following the day when co nstruction activities will temporarily cease for more than 7 days or permanently cease. Particular attention is directed to Section 665 and Article 107.21 of these Specifications .
210.08 Blank.
210.09 Method of Measurement.
a.General . Measurement for all accepted Excavation, except for Borrow Excavation for Underwater Embankment, will be either by the cubic yard {cubic meter} of the material in its original position computed from cross sections by the average end area method or per ton {metric ton} as specified by the unit measure of the pay item. Measurement for Borrow Excavation for Underwater Embankment will be either by the ton {metric ton} or by the cubic yard {cubic meter}, loose volume, of the material in the hauling vehicle at the point of use as specified by the unit measure of the pay item. Embankment will not be measured for payment. All of the operations required for embankment formation described herein shall be considered necessary work incidental to and for which compensation is included in t he contract unit prices for the pay items of the materials composing the embankment.
210.10 Basis of Payment.
Muck excavation as described in Subarticle 210.03(b) will require the use of the following modified cross section and average end area method. The volume will be measured between theoretical vertical side slopes, a station or substation at a time, immediately after completion of muck excavation and before backfill is placed. No measurement or allowance will be made for necessary excavation of material for sloughing, subside nce, flattening sides, slumps, or rehandling materials or for shaping and dressing disposal areas. The sloughing, subsidence, flattening, or slump of side slopes in muck will not be classed as slides.
b.Measurement Limitations . Measurement of pay quantities will not include any excavated material used for purposes other than those designated except as provided under Article 106.08. Where material has been excavated beyond the designated slope line and wasted, the unauthorized wasted material will be measured and deducted from the excavation quantities. Any material excavated prior to the staking out and cross sectioning of the borrow sources by the Engineer, or in excess of that ordered for the work, will not be included in t he quantity measured for payment. If the Contractor places more borrow than is necessary, thereby causing a waste of excavation, the amount of such waste will be deducted from the borrow excavation as measured in the borrow source. When a borrow area is adjacent to the right of way, the dividing line between unclassified excavation and borrow excavation shall be either a vertical plane through the right of way line or the proposed backslope as shown on the plans, whichever is most economically advantageous to the State.
210.10 Basis of Payment.
a.Unit Price Coverage .
1.Roadway and Drainage Excavation . The accepted volume of Unclassified Excavation - Item No. 210- A, Channel Excavation - Item 210-B, and Muck Excavation - Item No. 210 -C, when provided in the plans or proposal, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit prices bid for these items which shall be payment in full for: excavation; disposal of surplus and unsuitable materials (see Articles 210.04 and 210.05); hauling; formation and compaction of embankment; preparation and completion of subgrade and shoulders except when this work is included in other pay items; the completion of all cuts, embankments, and channel excavation to conform to the lines, grades, and cross section indicated on the plans or otherwise directed; and the completion of the roadway together with its appurtenances of intersecting roads, streets, driveways, approaches, temporary drainage facilities, and other related incidental work for which the proposal contains no contract unit prices. The said contract unit prices for the excavation item shall be payment in full for all equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work. If no contract items for Channel Excavation and/or Muck Excavation are provided, such work will be paid for as Unclassified Excavation. Exceptions to the above will be made in the event of the following:
a.If a backslope already completed and dressed is destroyed by a slide, or if the Engineer orders additional material taken from a completed and dressed backslope, any redressing required will be paid for as provided in Article 104.03.
b.If a slide occurs after completion of the subgrade to line and grade or during subsequent work in the immediate area and is of such nature and extent that the Engineer, in order to avoid damage to the previous work, directs its removal, and such requires equipment other than equipment normal to the project, an adjustment in price may be made. However, in no case shall su ch increase exceed 25 percent of the unclassified excavation contract unit price.
c.If no item for Muck Excavation is provided in the plans or proposal, such excavation will be classified as Unclassified Excavation and payment will be made at two times th e unit bid price for Unclassified Excavation.
2.BORROW EXCAVATION. The accepted volume of Borrow material designated under Items 210 -D, 210 -E and 210- F, measured as noted above, will be paid for at the contract unit price bid for the items, which shall be payment in full for the royalty and other expenses incidental to procurement, construction and maintenance of haul roads, clearing and grubbing, stripping, excavating, loading, hauling, source moves, dumping, spreading, and also for formation and compacti on of embankment, trimming slopes, disposing of surplus materials, preparation and completion of subgrade, shoulders, and intersecting roadways and furnishing of all equipment, labor and incidentals necessary to complete the work. This
212.01 Description.
pay item also includ es any necessary work as may be required by the Engineer or Owner in the final dressing of the pit, including grassing or other landscape work.
b.Blank .
c.Payment will be made under Item No.: 210-A Unclassified Excavation - per cubic yard {cubic meter } 210-B Channel Excavation - per cubic yard {cubic meter} 210-C Muck Excavation - per cubic yard {cubic meter} 210-D Borrow Excavation - per cubic yard {cubic meter} 210-E Borrow Excavation(Underwater * ) - per cubic yard {cubic meter} 210-F Borrow Excavation(Underwater * ) - per ton {metric ton} * Specify either Backfill or Embankment. SECTION 212 MACHINE GRADING SHOULDERS
212.01 Description.
This Section shall cover the work of reconstructing the shoulder of a roadway where the grading is of such character that the material can be moved, mixed, and shaped with a motor patrol of adequate power and weight {mass}. In general this work shall consist of clipping the shoulder, where directed, prior to resurfacing a nd blading the shoulder after the resurfacing has been completed. Any additional material needed to bring the shoulder to the desired profile will be classified and paid for under the appropriate section for the type material furnished. If seeding or other items are needed for erosion control, such items will be shown on the plans and paid for under the appropriate specification section. Unless otherwise noted by plan details, the completed work shall conform to the shoulder requirements for lines, grades, and typical section indicated by the plans or established by the Engineer.
212.02 Material.
Material used under this Section shall be of the quality and character noted on the plans or ordered by the Engineer, suitable for the purpose intended and consistent with the requirements for such material noted in other parts of this specification.
212.03 Construction Requirements.
a.General . Clipping, or blading, of grass and soil from the shoulder, as provided by the plans or directed, shall be complete d in advance of resurfacing operations. The removed material shall be windrowed a sufficient distance and in such a manner as not to pose a safety hazard to the motoring public. Where directed, the entire width of the shoulder shall be plowed, scarified or otherwise loosened. The shoulder then shall be re -formed by blading the material from the windrows, or by the addition of extra material as specified or directed, with the machine grader and compacting it to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Watering shal l be used, as necessary, to aid compaction. The machine grading shall continue until the shoulder is completed to conform to the lines, grades, and typical section shown on the plans or directed.
b.Equipment . The Contractor shall provide appropriately si zed equipment in sufficient numbers to perform the work within the guidelines noted herein and the time frame for the contract.
c.Additional Material . It will be considered practicable to move material up to 100 feet {30 m} longitudinally by means of the machine grader and all material moved within that limit will be paid for in the contract price for machine grading shoulders. When it is necessary to waste surplus material, such material shall be wasted on the front slope of the roadway in the vicinity o f the removal site, to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Material secured from sources outside the right of way will be classified under the applicable classification.
Source: Alabama Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 118–126 of 934.