230.03 Construction Requirements.
224.05 Basis of Payment.
a.Unit Price Coverage .
1.The accepted vol ume of Lime Sink Excavation, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price bid which shall be payment in full for the removal and disposal of the excavated material in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer, and for all equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work in accordance with the plans and this Specification.
2.The accepted volume of Special Backfill material, including the plug, measured as noted above in accordance with the method provided in the contract (cubic yard {cubic meter} or ton {metric ton}), will be paid for at the contract unit price bid which shall be payment in full for the item complete in place and shall include all costs incidental to procurement, excavating, hauling, dumping, spr eading, and formation of the embankment and for all equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work in accordance with the plans and these Specifications.
3.The accepted volume of concrete for the seal, measured as noted above, will be paid for at the contract unit price bid which shall be full compensation for the preparation of the concrete bed, furnishing of all materials, mixing, hauling and placing, and for all labor, tools, equipment, and incidentals necessary to complete t he item. Steel reinforcement will be paid for under Item 502, Steel Reinforcement.
b.Payment will be made under Item No .: 224-A Lime Sink Excavation - per cubic yard {cubic meter} 224-B Special Backfill for Lime Sink, Type Material - per cubic yard {cu bic meter} 224-C Special Backfill for Lime Sink, Type Material - per ton {metric ton} 224-D Concrete Seal for Lime Sink - per cubic yard {cubic meter} ROADBED PROCESSING
230.01 Description.
This Section shall c over the operations required to provide a satisfactory roadbed for receiving a base or pavement structure layer. Roadbeds will be of two types: (1) Improved Roadbeds when designated on the plans or (2) Modified Roadbed whenever Improved Roadbed is not spec ified on the plans. This Section covers the additional work above that required for regular earthwork construction specified under Section 210. Improved Roadbed . Improved roadbed shall require the top layer, or layers, of the graded earth of both cuts and fills, with the upper surface at subgrade elevation, to be constructed of selected material from Unclassified Excavation or Borrow. Each layer of the plan designated thickness shall be processed and compacted as specified in Article 230.03. Modified Roadbe d. Modified roadbed shall require that the existing top layer of the graded earth of both cuts and fills below subgrade elevation be processed and compacted as specified in Article
230.03 This procedure is to establish a proper subgrade before constructin g an overlying layer.
230.02 Materials.
a.Improved Roadbed Materials from Unclassifed Excavation . Materials for Improved Roadbed that are from Unclassified Excavation shall be the best available materials, as determined by the Engineer, meeting the requi rements given in Item 210.02(c)2.
b.Improved Roadbed Materials from Borrow Excavation . Materials for Improved Roadbed that are from Borrow Excavation shall meet the requirements given in Item 210.02(c)2.
230.03 Construction Requirements.
a.General . Choice of equipment to perform the work required under this Section shall, in general, be that of the Contractor, provided such produces the desired results. Construction of the roadbed shall be conducted so that earth or other material does not prevent immediate drainage of water to the side ditches.
230.03 Construction Requirements.
b.Improved Roadbed .
1.Preparation of Roadbed. Both cuts and fills shall be graded to the elevation designated on the plans, below subgrade elevation in accordance with the requirements of Section 210, and to the Typical Section shown on the plans or directed. No selected roadbed material shall be placed until the graded earth surface is satisfactory to grade, cross section, and density in accordance with Section 210. If a contract requires an impro ved roadbed to be placed on an earth surface constructed under a previous contract, the surface shall be repaired to the extent directed. Additional material required will be paid for under the proper classification of the material directed to be used.
2.Placement and Processing of Selected Roadbed Material. After preparation as noted above, the roadbed shall be brought up to subgrade elevation in maximum 6 inch {150 mm} layers using the designated selected materials. Each of these layers, except those spe cified in this Subarticle, shall be processed, utilizing the item Roadbed Processing, by thoroughly pulverizing, blending, and mixing until uniform in texture and appearance, insofar as practical, as determined by the Engineer. Each layer shall be compacted to the density noted in Subarticle 230.03(d) for improved roadbed layers. The section and density shall be maintained until placement of the next overlying improved roadbed, subbase, base, or other layer.
3.Special Conditions . In grading contracts which do not provide a subbase, base, or other overlying layer, the upper improved roadbed layer will not be processed as outlined above for Roadbed Processing, but shall be brought to the required elevation, typical section, and density, that specified in Suba rticle 230.03(d). The required section shall be maintained until final acceptance; however, maintenance of the density will not be required.
c.Modified Roadbed.
1.Preparation of Roadbed. The graded earth shall have been constructed to subgrade elevation in accordance with Section 210 or may, by previous contract, have been constructed as an improved roadbed. No roadbed shall be processed, as outlined in this Subarticle, until the graded earth surface is satisfactory to elevation and typical section. If a contract requires roadbed processing on an earth surface constructed under a previous contract, the surface shall be repaired to the extent directed. Additional material required will be paid for under the proper classification of the material directed to be used.
2.Processing of the Roadbed Material . After preparation as noted above, the top six inch {150 mm}, minimum, layer, except for those layers specified in this Subarticle, of the entire width of both cuts and fills shall be processed, utilizing the item Roadbed Processing, by thoroughly pulverizing, blending, and mixing until uniform in texture and appearance, insofar as practical, as determined by the Engineer. Each layer shall be compacted to the density noted in Subarticle 230.03(d) for modified roadbed. The section and density shall be maintained until placement of the next overlying subbase, base, or other layer.
3.Special Conditions . The work described for a modified roadbed is for the establishment of a proper subgrade before constructing an overlying subbase, base, or pavement layer or temporary surfacing. In grading contracts which do not provide for one of the above, the upper 6 inch {150 mm} layer of subgrade will not be processed as outlined above for Roadbed Processing, but shall be brought to the required elevation, typical section, and density, that specified in Section 210. The required section shall be maintained until final acceptance; however, maintenance of the density will not be required. In addition to the above, Roadbed Processing will not be required for those roadbeds which are to be stabilized as specified in Section 231 or Section 232.
d.Density Requirements . Density for the layers of both improved and modified roadbed shall be as specified in Section 306 for each type layer.
e.Surface Requirements . The graded earth surface and the finished subgrade surface, after being properly compacted, shall be checked by the use of blue -tops, strings, and template and all portions not within the following tolerances s hall be corrected: Variations from the designated grade up to plus 1/2 inch {13 mm} or minus 1 inch {25 mm} will be allowed provided the variation does not increase or decrease more than
230.05 Basis of Payment.
1/2 inch {13 mm} in 100 feet {40 m}; however, at bridge structures a plus tolerance will require additional fine grading to prepare a suitable grade tie. The finished surface shall not vary at any point more than 1/2 inch {13 mm} in any 25 foot {7.5 m} section from a taut string applied parallel to the surface and the roadb ed centerline, or more than 1/2 inch {13 mm} from a template placed at right angles to the roadbed centerline. The template shall be of a rigid frame, adjustable metal type, accurately set, and at least as long as the width of roadbed being checked up to 3 0 feet {9 m}. Additional widths may be checked by the use of string and level. The Contractor shall furnish template, string, and necessary personnel to handle same under the direction of the Engineer. No subbase or other layer shall be placed on the roadbed until it meets specified requirements for alignment, grades, cross section, and density. Where a Permeable Asphalt Treated Base (PATB) layer is to be placed (Pay Item 327 -E), the finished subgrade elevations shall not vary from design by more than 0.03 feet {10mm} based on rod and level survey readings taken at a minimum of five locations across each lane (edge, outer wheel path, midlane, inner wheel path, and inside edge of lane) at longitudinal intervals not greater than 50 feet {15 m}. Surface irregul arities shall not exceed 1/4 inch {7 mm} between two points longitudinally or transversely using a 10 -foot {3 m} straightedge.
f.Protection and Maintenance of Roadbed . The Contractor shall be responsible for the protection and maintenance of any existin g roadbed or any roadbed constructed during the contract. The roadbed shall be maintained free from ruts and other depressions, in a smooth and compacted condition, and true to lines and grades. Any of the Contractor's hauling and other equipment used in s uch a way as to cause excessive rutting or raveling of the roadbed material shall either be removed from the work or suitable runways shall be provided to prevent rutting. No payment will be made for the protection and maintenance of the roadbed, such bein g considered incidental to the work. However, if a contract requires an improved roadbed to be placed on an earth surface constructed under a previous contract, the surface shall be repaired to the extent directed under the requirements of Section 210.
230.04 Method of Measurement.
Measurement and payment for the materials used in the construction of improved roadbed and modified roadbed will be at the contract unit price for unclassified or Borrow Excavation as provided in the contract. Measurement for the Item of Roadbed Processing (which is the additional processing over and above that normally required by Section 210) will be in 100 foot {100 m} roadbed stations for each layer processed. The length of roadbed stationing will be in 100 foot {100 m} stations and fractions thereof to the nearest foot {meter} of any main roadbed in accordance with the following: on each roadbed separately for divided highways having more than one roadbed; on each half of a roadbed of a four lane facility constructed with a positive divider between opposing traffic; on ramps; on frontage, connecting, and crossing roads; and on widening work each roadbed as defined above whether widening is on one side or both sides. No measurement will be made for increased w idths, lanes, turnouts, spurs, or crossovers when shown on the plans or for variations in widths due to changes in slopes. For additional areas over those shown on the plans, measurement will be allowed in the ratio of the increase in width to the standard width shown on the plans. The total measurement shall be the sum of the lengths measured along the center of the main roadbed or along each separate roadbed of divided highways, plus the measured ramps from where the ramp centerline crosses the edge of sh oulders, plus (if any) the lengths of cross roads, connecting roads, and frontage roads. The length of modified roadbed or improved roadbed constructed under a previous contract and actually reprocessed will be measured for payment. No separate measurement will be made for reshaping of a roadbed constructed under a previous contract, such being considered incidental to the work covered by this Section; however, any additional material required to restore the roadbed to typical section will be measured and paid for under the appropriate item of material ordered used.
230.05 Basis of Payment.
a.Unit Price Coverage . Each separate layer of roadbed processed and accepted, and measured as noted above, will be paid for at the unit price bid for 100 foot {100 m} r oadbed stations. Said unit price bid shall be full compensation for the mixing, remixing, watering, and re- processing necessary to obtain and maintain
231.01 Description.
the required grade, section, and density as noted herein in this Section and includes all equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work as described herein.
b.Payment will be made under Item No .: 230-A Roadbed Processing - per Roadbed Station SECTION 231 STABILIZED ROADBED
231.01 Description.
This Se ction shall cover the work of preparing a roadbed for receiving a base and pavement structure by stabilizing it with an approved local or commercial material. The work shall consist of scarifying the roadbed, incorporating the stabilizing material into the roadbed, and compacting the roadbed to the proper grade, section, and density. When stabilizing material is present on the roadway surface, the work shall consist of incorporating the stabilizing aggregate into the roadbed and compacting the roadbed surfa ce to the proper grade, section, and density.
231.02 Materials.
The stabilizing material to be incorporated shall be an approved local or commercial material of the type provided by the plans or proposal,
231.03 Construction Requirements.
a.General . Choice of equipment to perform the work under this Section shall, in general, be that of the Contractor provided such produces the desired results noted herein and does not damage or injure any completed work or facility designated to be incorporated into the work.
b.Preparation of the Roadbed . The roadbed shall have been prepared in accordance with the provisions of Section 210. The designated sections of the roadbed of the width specified on the plans of both cuts and fills shall then be scarified or otherw ise loosened for the depth specified by the plans or as directed. Certain equipment capable of mixing the stabilizing material and the material in place without pre -working the in-place material may permit combining this step with the requirements of Subarticle (c) below.
c.Placement and Processing of Stabilizing Material . The approved stabilizing material shall be spread uniformly over the roadbed, at the rate specified on the plans or as directed, by approved spreading equipment. The stabilizing materia l shall then be mixed with the subgrade material until uniform in color and texture as directed and compacted to the required grade, section, and density.
d.Density and Surface Requirement . Density and surface requirements shall be the same as specified in Subarticle 230.03(d) and (e), respectively.
e.Protection and Maintenance of Roadbed . Protection and maintenance of roadbed shall be the same as specified in Subarticle 230.03(f).
231.04 Method of Measurement.
All accepted stabilizing material ordered and accepted will be measured in cubic yards {cubic meters}, loose measurement, or per ton {metric ton}. Stabilizing Roadbed with In -Place Material will be measured in units of Roadbed Station as described in Article 230.04.
231.05 Basis of Payment.
a.Unit Price Coverage . The accepted volume of Roadbed Stabilizing Material, measured as noted above in accordance with the method provided in the contract (cubic yard {cubic meter} or ton {metric ton}), will be paid for at the contract unit price bid w hich shall be full compensation for the item complete in place on the roadbed. Said unit price shall include all cost of procurement, hauling, spreading, scarifying,
Source: Alabama Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 144–146 of 934.