301.01 Des cription.
Division 300
BASES SOIL, SOIL AGGREGATE, AND AGGREGATE, BASE AND SUBBASES
301.01 Description.
a.General . This section shall cover the work of furnishing all materials and the construction of Soil, Soil Aggregate, and Aggregate, base and subbase courses, complete in place on the roadbed. Typical cross section, thickness, n umber, and material classification of the course will be shown in the plans or proposal.
b.Classification . The base or subbase materials are established by general classifications such as "Selected Material s", "Granular Soils", "Soil Aggregate", "Processed Reef Shell", and "Aggregates", and consist of natural soil, natural soil and natural aggregate combinations, or manufactured (commercial) aggregates, either used separately or blended in any combination wi th or without a stabilizing agent. Additional classification of the material by "Type" according to the required gradation and composition of the material in the completed base or subbase course have been tabulated in Sections 820, Selected Materials For B ases; 821, Granular Soil Materials; 822, Drainage Plane Materials; 823, Soil Aggregate Materials; 824, Processed Reef Shell Base Materials; and 825, Crushed Aggregate Base Materials. The bases and subbases will be further established by the method of mixin g, (Road, Yard, or Plant) as described in Article 301.03. The general classification, type, and method of mixing will be shown in the proposal. Special details will be shown on the plans.
301.02 Materials.
All materials furnished for use shall comply with the requirements of the applicable sections of
Division 800 — , Materials, except as modified by the plans or proposal.
Attention is directed to: • Section 807 Water • Section 815 Cement • Section 817 Lime for Roadbed & Base Stabilization • Section 820 Selected Materials for Bases • Section 821 Granular Soil Materials • Section 822 Drainage Plane Materials • Section 823 Soil Aggregate Materials • Section 824 Processed Reef Shell Base Materials • Section 825 Crushed Aggregate Base Materials Preliminary tests o f optional sources shown on the plans indicate that the materials from these sources will meet plan requirements, either in their natural composition or by blending with additional material. However, whether sources are shown on the plans or not, the Contr actor shall supply whatever components are needed, in whatever proportions are necessary, to meet specified requirements of the plans and specifications for the item complete in place. The processed materials, in addition to complying with the requirements noted above, must be capable of being compacted to the density requirements noted in this Section. Any material furnished, regardless of compliance with all other requirements, which cannot be compacted to the densities specified shall be either removed a nd replaced with more suitable material, or corrected. Testing of material will be as provided in Article 301.05.
301.03 Construction Requirements.
301.03 Construction Requirements.
a.General . The roadbed must be in an approved condition before placement of any base or subbase will be permitted. Approval shall be based on satisfactory completion of the roadbed in accordance with the requirements of Sections 210 and 230 and, if required by the plans or proposal, the additional modification of the roadbed in accordance with the provisions o f either Section 231 or 232. The roadbed shall be checked carefully for elevations established by the Engineer and shall be true to alignment and grade within the limits specified in Subarticle 230.03(e). Control elevation stakes will be set as provided in Article 105.08. On a contract for base and pavement only, the roadbed, in addition to the check for continuity of grades, shall be checked for density as required by the process used in construction of the subgrade (Section 230, 231 or 232). Loss of densi ty shall require reprocessing of the top layer (6 inches {150 mm}) of the subgrade in accordance with Section 230 by the method prescribed by the plans for the roadbed treatment. Low areas shall be corrected by the addition of material and reprocessing under the method prescribed for the roadbed treatment; minor high spots shall be eliminated during the dressing of the processed roadbed. Material ordered used for the correction of low areas in the subgrade shall be measured and paid for under the appropriat e classification of the material ordered used. If no item for an acceptable type material is provided in the contract, such shall be furnished under the provisions of
Article 104 — 03.
A base of up to 6 inch {150 mm} plan designated compacted thickness may b e constructed in one layer. Unless otherwise shown on the plans, a base of over 6 inch {150 mm} thickness shall be constructed in approximately equal layers each of not over 6 inch {150 mm} compacted thickness. Protection of base layers during construction shall be the Contractor's responsibility.
b.Equipment . In general, it shall be the Contractor's responsibility to select and furnish the proper size and amount of equipment that will produce and deliver to the roadbed, mix, spread, shape, and compact the base material. When cement or lime additives are required, all equipment necessary for the proper prosecution of the work shall be assembled on the site, approved and in good working order before permission to start processing the layer will be given. All equipment approved for use will be on a trial basis, and if after a short test section the equipment should prove unsatisfactory, it shall be removed, replaced, or supplemented as deemed necessary to accomplish the desired work.
c.Mixing .
1.General . There are three methods of mixing base and subbase materials; they are road mixing, yard mixing, and plant mixing. Yard and plant mixing are considered as premixing. The Contractor may substitute yard or plant mixing in lieu of road mixing, or plant mixing in lieu of yard mixing, if so requested in writing. All mixing shall be performed in such a manner that all materials or component parts are thoroughly blended and mixed to a uniform gradation and color, with equipme nt and operation thereof producing consistently satisfactory results. Mixing water shall be added in a manner that will provide uniform blending with the material being mixed. Soft or unsatisfactory spots shall be removed and/or repaired as directed by the Engineer at no expense to the Department.
2.Road Mixing.
a.General. Roadmixing shall be performed by a motor grader supplemented, if necessary, by other approved mixing equipment that will produce consistently satisfactory results. Base materials may be dumped directly on the subgrade, subbase, or underlying layer. The Contractor is encouraged, but not required, to use adjustable aggregate spreaders to place and spread commercial or crushed aggregates. The dumping operation shall be limited to the amount of materials which can be mixed by the end of the next day. This material shall be shaped and compacted no later than the day after mixing. In no instance shall the shaping and compacting be later than the second day after the dumping operation. No deviation from the above will be allowed without written permission of the Engineer.
301.03 Construction Requirements.
The bottom layer shall be mixed without disturbing more than 1 inch {25 mm} of the roadbed or underlying layer. Mixing of subsequent layers shall include scratching lightly of the surface of the underlying layer for bonding effect. Mixing shall be sufficient ly performed to distribute all component parts of the layer uniformly throughout the mass producing a material of uniform color and gradation throughout the depth, width, and length, insofar as practical as determined by the Engineer, of the layer. Mixing shall include, but not be limited to, the windrowing and blading of the material as necessary to obtain the required consistency. Water shall be applied as necessary during the mixing operation to provide, at the time of compacting, a uniform moisture cont ent within two percentage points of optimum as established by the required laboratory test. The material shall be aerated as often as necessary to correct excess moisture conditions by scarifying, plowing, harrowing, blading, or by using special, suitable equipment.
b.Stabilization Using Additives.
1.General. It is necessary to the quality of the stabilization operation that careful control of the volumes of the base material, the additive, and moisture be exercised and that equipment furnished be capabl e of producing the desired results within the time frame noted herein of the type treatment involved; otherwise, the resultant product will be unsatisfactory. It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to provide suitable equipment, adequately sized and i n sufficient numbers to process the materials as required. Each layer of base or subbase with an additive shall be processed through a test section utilizing equipment and methods noted for the type treatment involved. This test section shall be used to es tablish acceptability of the Contractor's equipment and processing technique along with determining the correct volume of material(s) necessary to obtain the required depth shown on the plans or ordered in writing. The length of the test section shall be determined by the Engineer to best fit the required type of processing specified by the plans or proposal, but shall not exceed one-half mile {800 m} nor be less than 500 feet {150 m}. The material shall be placed and spread, mixed if not premixed, and proc essed through the entire operation normally required for the type of layer involved. The layer shall then be checked for proper additive content, density, and depth, and any deficiencies corrected as provided in Article 301.05. Satisfactory completion and acceptance of the test section will be required before the remaining work on the layer being tested is permitted. The data thus obtained from the test section shall be applied to the placement procedure of the remainder of the layer involved.
2.Placing a nd Mixing. All materials, except the additive, shall be placed as noted in Subitem a. above. Placement of the additive will be allowed only after the initial mixing and blending described in Subitem a. above has been accomplished. Upon completion of the ab ove operation, the additive shall be spread uniformly over the area to be treated using approved methods and equipment. The additive shall then be incorporated with the material to be treated in such a manner as to provide uniform distribution of the addit ive throughout the designated width and depth of treatment. Control of moisture shall be so exercised that the optimum moisture content (± 2%) is present during the initial mixing of the materials to be treated and the additive. The use of lime and cement additives require special handling in accordance with the following: Lime Treatment. Lime treatment shall not be performed between October 1 and April 1 without written permission of the Engineer. Lime shall be spread only on that area which can be processed in the same working day. Any lime that has been spread and exposed to the air before mixing for a period of six hours or more, or any section of the work on which excessive loss of lime has occurred due to washing or blowing will not be accepted for payment. Such areas shall be treated again with the full required rate of application before acceptance. After preparation of the material to be treated has been accomplished, the application of the lime shall b e accomplished by either the "dry application" or the "slurry application" method described in Subarticle 232.03(d) except that the "dry application"
301.03 Construction Requirements.
method shall not be used where the resultant dust from the dry method would affect the visibility of the t raveling public or affect adjacent property owners. The actual rate of application of the lime will be set by the Engineer based on the standard density of the material to be treated as determined by AASHTO T 180. The quantity of lime applied on any sectio n shall be spread uniformly and shall not vary more than plus or minus five percent of the quantity ordered for that section. No payment will be made for lime application exceeding the five percent plus tolerance. When the quantity applied is deficient by more than the allowable minus tolerance, additional lime shall be applied and the deficient section reconstructed in accordance with these specifications for the full depth and width at no extra compensation. The mixing of the lime with the base materials shall be accomplished utilizing traveling mixers capable of handling the required depth of material (loose), the lime, and the water necessary to provide the designated optimum moisture content. The blended material shall then be processed in the same mann er noted in Item 301.03(d)3 for lime treated bases. Deficiencies in the thickness of the lime stabilized layer in excess of those specified in Subarticle 301.05(d) shall be reconstructed immediately adding additional lime if deemed necessary by the Enginee r. Any additional lime and such reconstruction shall be at the sole expense of the Contractor. Cement Treatment. Cement treatment shall not be performed when the ambient ground temperature in the shade is below 40 °F {4 °C}. Should the air temperature drop below 35 °F {2 °C} after incorporation of the cement, protection shall be provided to prevent damage of the processed layer. Cement shall only be spread on the area that can be processed in the same working day. Any cement that has been spread and exposed to the air before mixing in excess of six hours or more, or any section on which excessive loss of cement has occurred due to wind or rain, will not be accepted for payment. Such areas shall be reconstructed with the required rate of treatment before acceptance at the sole expense of the Contractor. After the placement and processing of the base material to be treated, the cement shall be spread utilizing equipment specially designed for the purpo se. The actual rate of application of the cement will be set by the Engineer based on the standard density of the material to be treated as determined by AASHTO T 180. The quantity of cement shall be spread uniformly over the area to be treated and shall n ot vary more than five percent from the specified rate. Care shall be exerted to prevent loss of cement due to wind or other unfavorable conditions. The mixing of the cement with the base material shall be restricted to traveling mixers capable of handling the required depth of material (loose), the cement, and the water necessary to provide the designated optimum moisture content. When the mixer will handle only a part of the roadbed width, the successive increments shall be of such length that the full wi dth of material may be promptly mixed, compacted, and finished with not more than 30 minutes between mixing adjacent widths (lanes). The base and cement mix shall then be processed in the same manner noted in Item 301.03(d)2 for the cement treated bases. Should the thickness of treatment be found to be outside the tolerance noted in Subarticle 301.05(d) within two hours after completion of compaction and shaping, the Engineer may allow the reprocessing of the section provided additional cement is added in an amount to be designated by the Engineer without additional cost to the Department or handled as noted in Item 301.05(d)3.
3.Yard Mixing . Unless otherwise provided on the plans, the mixing yard shall be furnished by the Contractor. Yard mixing shall be a ccomplished by spreading each component in a layer of uniform width and thickness before placing the next component; then thoroughly mixing the materials by means of a motor grader supplemented, if necessary, by other approved mixing equipment that will produce consistently satisfactory results. The mixing shall be sufficient to combine all components into a mixture of uniform color and gradation adding water as necessary to obtain a uniform moisture content within two percentage points of optimum as establ ished by the required laboratory test. The
301.03 Construction Requirements.
mixture shall then be loaded into transporting vehicles by means that will prevent segregation of materials. If calcium chloride or another similar additive is specified as a component of the mix, the additive shall be spread in the amount specified in the proper mixing sequence and mixing continued until the additive has been thoroughly mixed uniformly into the mixture.
4.Plant Mixing.
a.General. All of the following construction procedures are required for the base and subbase materials to be classified as Plant Mixed materials: mixing material in a plant or pugmill; dumping material directly into a truck; hauling material to the project site; and dumping material directly into a spreader that will spread the ma terial into uniform layers of the required cross sections and thicknesses. Material that is dumped, stockpiled, and/or rehandled prior to spreading will be classified as Road Mixed or Yard Mixed material.
b.Mixing Plant Requirements. The mixing plant req uirements are as follows; however, any other mixing plant equipment developed that will produce equally satisfactory results will be acceptable for use with the approval of the Engineer.
1.The plant shall be an approved contra -rotating twin -shaft pug -mill type central mixing plant of proven performance and adequate capacity. The plant shall be equipped to proportion accurately by volume or weight {mass}. If proportioned by volume, component materials shall be fed onto a primary belt by a separate secondary belt for each component. Accurate proportioning shall be secured by positive control of secondary belt speed or by adjustable locking gates feeding onto the belt, The mixed materials shall be discharged through a surge hopper of at least 1 cubic yard {1 m³} capacity. The mixer also shall have an approved, accurate, mechanically -fed device for adding cement or other additive at a specified rate when such components are required. If proportioned by weight {mass}, equipment used to determine the weight {mass } of aggregates shall meet the requirements of Article 109.01. Weight {Mass} type mixers shall be equipped with a locking batch timer, adjusted for a minimum 30 second net mixing time.
2.The controls that operate the mixing plant shall be positioned so t hat the operator will have unobstructed vision of all phases of the operations that affect the proportioning of materials. The plant shall be equipped with an approved device for signaling the control operator to stop the plant when any malfunction occurs in the feed -in system.
3.The mixer shall be equipped with an accurate adjustable water meter device for controlling moisture content.
4.Storage bins shall be equipped with overflow pipes or chutes, and shall be so partitioned that there can be no spill -over into adjacent bins. Storage bins for calcium chloride, lime, or cement shall be water tight.
c.Mixing Plant Operation.
1.During the mixing operation the aggregate shall be introduced into the mixer in a way that will insure the proportion of each type of material to be used will be in the final mixture.
2.Water shall be added to the mix in an amount that will produce a uniform moisture content, based on dry weight {mass} of the mixture, within two percentage points of optimum as established by th e required laboratory test.
3.When required, cement shall be added to the other components of the mix in the proportions as directed, except that the Engineer may vary the amount of cement by as much as 20 percent, plus or minus. After the required amount of cement has been set by the Engineer, the rate shall not vary more than 5 pounds {2 kg}. When required, lime shall be added to the other components of the mix in the proportions as directed. The quantity and percentage of lime shown on th e plans or proposal are based on preliminary investigations and dry laboratory samples. The actual rate or amount to be added will be determined from density tests made just prior to beginning mixing operations. After the required amount of lime has been s et by the Engineer, the rate shall not vary more than five percent.
4.When directed to be used, calcium chloride shall be added during the mixing operation by an approved metering device, or by separate scales as required for cement, at the rate of
301.03 Construction Requirements.
appro ximately 10 pounds {5 kg} per loose cubic yard {cubic meter} of mixture, based upon flake form. If other forms of calcium chloride are used, proportionate adjustment of rate of use and payment will be made. The amount of calcium chloride may be reduced or eliminated entirely as directed by the Engineer when weather conditions do not justify its use. No calcium chloride shall be added when cement is used.
5.If other additives are specified, they shall be added as directed.
6.The mixing plant shall not be operated at a speed or capacity that exceeds the manufacturer's rated capacity, established before mixing begins.
7.After the plant has been set and calibrated, the Contractor shall give the Engineer sufficient notice in advance of starting operations, and shall make available sufficient skilled operators for checking the calibrations before actual start of operations. Materials and personnel used in checking the calibration shall be furnished without additional compensation.
d.Placing of Base Material s.
1.General . The operational procedure must be such that placement and processing of a layer will not damage the underlying layer or layers. Any material to be paid for by the cubic yard {cubic meter} shall be hauled in dump trucks whose volume may be readily determined. Premixed base and subbase materials shall be placed and spread by spreading equipment that will produce uniform layers of the required cross sections and thickness.
2.CEMENT TREATED BASES. Cement treated bases and subbases shall be delivered and spread within 45 minutes after mixing. Mixtures containing cement that have not been shaped (except for final finishing) and compacted within three hours after mixing will be rejected and shall be removed p romptly from the roadway and replaced at the Contractor's expense. For each base layer, the surface and thickness testing required in Article 301.05 shall be performed immediately upon compaction of the layer, and any variations from requirements shall be corrected immediately as specified in Article 301.05. All such base layers shall be kept moist enough for proper curing until covered by the next layer or the prime. The top layer shall be primed as soon as the compacting, shaping, thickness, and surface requirements have been met and in no case later than the next day after the surface is approved by the Engineer, unless weather conditions prevent. Prime shall be applied in accordance with Section 401, except that Item 401.03(b)2 will not apply. Base mater ial containing cement shall not be placed when the ground temperature in the shade is below 40 °F {4 °C}.
3.Lime Treated Bases. Lime treated bases and subbases shall be delivered, spread, shaped, and compacted in the same day mixing occurs. Materials not compacted in the same day it is placed shall be reprocessed as directed at no additional cost to the State. Each base layer shall be tested for surface and thickness immediately after compaction in accordance with the provisions of Article 301.05 and any v ariations corrected as noted therein. The base layers shall be kept moist until covered by the next layer. Any cracking or other defects that may occur due to any cause or reason in any layer prior to being covered by the next plan layer shall be corrected immediately at no extra compensation. Base materials containing lime shall not be placed where the ground temperature in the shade is below 40 °F {4 °C} unless authorized by the Engineer.
e.Watering and Compaction . Each layer of base and subbase shall be compacted to density as specified in Section 306. Where base and shoulder layers are constructed separately, the Contractor shall select and employ whatever method or procedure is necessary to produce required density at the edges of the base layers and to prevent lateral movement of the base material during compaction. Compaction tests will be made on each base layer, and each layer shall be brought to required density before the next layer is placed. Additional watering in connection with compaction will be required to obtain required density at a uniform moisture content within two percentage points of optimum as determined by the required laboratory test, except that the moisture content for crushed aggregate base layers shall be a minimum of five percent or as directed.
301.04 Shoulder Construction Requirements.
301.04 Shoulder Construction Requirements.
a.General . Shoulder construction requirements will be the same as provided for in Article 301.03 except as noted in this Article. Shoulders will be of two general types; standard or special design. Shoulder construction shall be so conducted that the base, shoulder, and adjacent side ditch will drain freely at all times. The shoulder slopes and ditches shall be dressed to reasonably close conformity to the designated lines, grades, and cross section.
b.Standard Shoulders . This type shoulder, where shown on the plans, shall be constructed by extending each subbase and base layer the full width from front slope to front slope in one operation. Materials and construction details for layers placed in the shoulder area will be the same as for base layers.
c.Special Design Shoulders . This type shoulder will consist of one or more layers of specified materials placed separately from the roadway base layers. This type shoulder may also include a drainage plane layer or a bituminous pavement or both. The composition and gradation of the materials and the width, thickness, and number of layers shall be as specified on the plans. The sequence of the construction for the layers placed in the shoulder area will be at the option of the Contractor provided such will accomplish the desired results and is kept abreast of roadway base construction. The drainage plane layer and the bituminous base and/or pavement shall be constructed in compliance with Section 315 and the appropriate Sections for the bituminous base or pavement. The layers placed in the shoulder area shall be constructed in compliance with specifications for base layers of the same materials. In spreading the next overlying layer of shoulder material on a drainage plane layer, special precaution shall be taken to prevent displacement of, or mixing with, the drainage plane material. This layer shall be placed by a spreader that will not touch or otherwise disturb the drainage plane layer. In order to accomplish the above, multiple passes will be permitted on wide shoulders. Placement of this layer shall be so controlled that not more than 2000 feet {600 m} of drainage plane material will remain uncovered at any time. Use of any equipment that might mix the shoulder material into the underlying drainage plane layer will not be permitted. Layers placed in the shoulder area shall be compacted to t he density specified in Section 306.
301.05 Sampling and Testing.
a.General . All sampling and testing, except in -place density, will be performed on the complete in -place base or subbase layers after final mixing and spreading on the roadway has been completed except as noted in Subarticle 301.05(c) for cement treated base material. In -place density will be performed on the layers after final shaping and compacting has been completed. Any necessary sam ple holes, etc., required to satisfactorily establish the acceptability of any base layer shall be repaired by the Contractor immediately with like material. The cost of such repairs is considered to be incidental to the work and shall be performed without additional compensation.
b.Surface Requirements . The finished surface of each subbase or base layer shall not vary more than 1/2 of an inch {13 mm} in any 25 foot {8 meter} section from a taut string applied parallel to the surface and roadbed centerlin e at the following locations: 1 foot {300 mm} inside the edges of subbase or base, at the centerline, and at other points as designated. The finished surface shall not vary more than 3/8 of an inch {10 mm} from the required section measured with a template placed at right angles to the roadbed centerline. The template shall be of a rigid frame adjustable metal type, accurately set, and at least as long as the width of base layer being checked up to 24 feet {7.2 m}. Additional widths may be checked by the use of string and Engineer's level. The Contractor shall furnish template, string, and necessary personnel to handle same under the direction of the Engineer. Where a Permeable Asphalt Treated Base (PATB) layer is to be placed (Pay Item 327 -E), the finished base layer elevations shall not vary from design by more than 0.03 feet {10 mm} based on rod and level survey readings taken at a minimum of five locations across each lane (edge, outer wheel path, midlane, inner wheel path, and inside edge of lane) at lon gitudinal intervals not greater than 50 feet {15 m}.
301.06 Maintenance of the Work.
Surface irregularities shall not exceed 1/4 inch {7 mm} between two points longitudinally or transversely using a 10 -foot {3 m} straightedge.
c.Gradation and Density . Testing for compliance will be ma de as specified in Subarticle 301.05(a) except that a layer with a cement additive will require the pretesting of the blended components prior to the addition of the cement additive on the primary belt at the mixing plant. The gradation of each layer will be checked at intervals as currently scheduled by the Department to determine compliance with the material specifications. Material falling outside of the specified bands of the general composition table shall be evaluated in accordance with the following: for each failing test, the price reduction will be five percent plus one percent for each percent for which the material failed to meet the required specifications. This applies to each sieve, percent clay, liquid limit (LL), or plasticity index (PI) requ irement. These percentages are cumulative and apply to all material represented by that sample. If the resulting reduced unit price is less than 80% of the original unit price, the contractor will be given the option of modifying the in place material or r emoving and replacing the material. In either case, the gradation of the material will be re -tested for compliance with the material specifications. The density of each layer will be checked at intervals as currently scheduled by the Department to verify c ompliance with specification requirements. Density requirements are specified in Section 306.
d.Thickness . The thickness of each layer will be checked at intervals as currently scheduled by the Department and at closer intervals if necessary to determine the limits of any section found to be outside of the tolerance limits.
1.For a layer placed under a "square yard " {"square meter"} item, the compacted thickness of the layer shall not be more than 1/2 of an inch {13 mm} less nor 1 inch {25 mm} more than the thickness specified on the plans or directed. A thickness greater than the 1 inch {25 mm} tolerance may be accepted if uniform over a sufficient length to not materially affect the riding surface or reduce any required clearances and is within surface smoothness tolerances specified in Subarticle 301.05(b).
2.For a layer placed under a "cubic yard" {"cubic meter"} item, the compacted thickness of the layer shall not exceed eight percent of each layer, plus or minus, of the designated thickness. Excess thickness above the eight percent noted above may be permitted to remain in place provided the riding surface is not affected and any required clearances are maintained, The excess material above the eight percent tolerance allowed will be deducted from t he pay quantities.
3.If the base layer contains cement, areas below required thickness or elevation shall be corrected by increasing the thickness of the next layer; or for the top layer, the surface may be brought to proper elevation and thickness with l ayers of bituminous plant mix of appropriate gradation where the pavement is to be a bituminous type. These leveling layers shall be placed ahead of a plant mix pavement layer or after a liquid surface treatment layer, if any. These layers shall be placed without additional compensation, or the Contractor may at his option remove and replace the deficient areas at his own expense. Low areas in the subgrade under concrete pavement shall be corrected as specified under Subarticle 450.03(c).
e.Width . The wid ths shown on the plans, or directed, shall be the widths used for determining the area for pay purposes of square yard {square meter} layers. Widths in excess of the designated width may be acceptable if not detrimental to the appearance or design of the p roject; however, no deviation in excess of 0.3 feet {90 mm} less than the designated dimension for each side of a roadway will be acceptable.
301.06 Maintenance of the Work.
Each base layer shall be main tained as provided herein without extra compensation until it is covered by a succeeding layer or acceptance of the contract. The surface shall be kept free of ruts, ridges, holes, and substantially true to profile, grade, and cross -section. Each base laye r must have the required density and moisture at the time it is covered by another layer. However, maintenance requirements for moisture will be waived for Crushed Aggregate Base after the layer has been properly
301.07 Me thod of Measurement.
compacted with proper moisture content. No layer of base shall be covered by another layer or primed until it has been approved by the Engineer. Special attention is directed to the fact that lime or cement treated bases require special care to insure proper curing. Daily watering, rolling, or main tenance of curing material is considered an integral part of the work until the treated layer is covered by another layer or completion of the contract. The Engineer may re -test a primed base layer where he suspects that it does not have the required densi ty and moisture. All areas found deficient shall be corrected by the Contractor, at his expense, prior to the placement of the next overlying layer. It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to protect the base from damage and to protect the prime from being picked up or damaged by traffic and to replace promptly any base or prime so damaged.
301.07 Method of Measurement.
a.Base Materials . Measurement of base materials will be made in accordance with the particular item provided in the contract in accordance with the following:
1.Square Yards {Square Meters }. Measurement by the square yard {square meter} will be made of a completed accepted layer of base constructed to the thickness and cross section shown on the plans or directed. All calculations of areas for payment shall be based on computations made to the nearest 0.1 of a square yard {0.1 square meter}. The length will be measured alo ng the surface of the layer at the centerline of the roadbed to the nearest 0.1 of a foot {0.1 m}. For transitions in thickness, the thickness will be measured to the midpoint of the transition. The width will be the top surface width of the layer as speci fied on the plans or directed. Each layer of crossovers, turnouts, and the like will be measured in square yards {square meters} by lengths and widths along the top surface of the layer involved. No measurement will be made for the necessary bevel or wedge of material shown on the plans along the edge of each layer. Where the Engineer directs in writing that the thickness of a layer be changed from that specified on the plans, the accepted layer shall have an adjusted unit price derived by arriving at an in crease or decrease to the contract unit price bid in direct proportion to the increased or decreased thickness of the adjusted layer. No payment shall be made for a layer completely eliminated.
2.Cubic Yards {Cubic Meters}. Measurement by the cubic yard {cubic meter} will be the loose volume of the material measured in the hauling vehicle at the point of use.
3.Tons {Metric Tons}. Measurement by the ton {metric ton} will be the quantity of material placed in a completed accepted layer of base constructed to the thickness and cross section shown on the plans or directed and measured in accordance with the provisions of Subarticle 109.01(h).
b.Cement . Measurement of cement will be by the ton {metric ton} for cement actually used in the work as directed, except cement used to repair or replace defective work.
c.Lime . Measurement of lime will be by the ton {metric ton} for lime actually used in the work as directed, except for lime used to repair or replace defective work.
301.08 Basis of Payment.
a.Unit Price Coverage .
1.The contract unit price bid shall be full compensation for furnishing or producing all component material, except cement and lime, in whatever proportions necessary to produce and place the base material, in accordance with the require ments specified, complete in place on the roadbed. It includes all costs for procurement, operations, compaction, watering, equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work. Cement and lime used as directed, in completed and accepted layers, will be the only other item for which separate payment will be made under this Section.
2.Payment for cement and lime, measured as noted above, will be at the contract unit price per ton {metric ton}. This payment shall be payment in full for fur nishing and incorporating the cement and lime into the base material.
302.03 Construction Requirements.
b.Price Adjustments . When layers failing to meet the gradation band requirements are permitted to remain in place as specified in Subarticle 301.05(c), unit price adjustments will be m ade as specified therein.
c.Payment will be made under Item No.: 301-A * t Course, Type tt , ** , ttt Mixed, inches {mm} Compacted Thickness - per square yard {square meter} 301-B * t Course, Type tt , ** , ttt Mixed, - per cubic yard {cubic meter} 301-C Cement - per ton {metric ton} 301-D Lime - per ton {metric ton} 301-E * t Course, Type tt , ** , ttt Mixed, - per ton {metric ton} * Base Classification (Selected Materials, etc., Granular Soil, Soil Aggregate, Processed Reef Shell, Crushed Aggregate) t Base or Subbase tt Type ** Insert "with cement or lime additive," if required ttt Road, Yard, or Plant SECTION 302 FULL DEPTH RECLAMATION WITH PORTLAND CEMENT
302.01 Description.
Full Depth Reclamation with Portland cement shall consist of pulverizing and mixing the in place existing materials as shown in the plans with Portland cement and water to produce a unif orm mixture and then compacting the mixture to serve as a base course for pavement.
302.02 Materials.
a.Cement. Cement shall meet the requirements given in Section 815 "Cement" for Type I or Type II Portland Cement.
b.Water. Water shall meet the requi rements given in Section 807.
302.03 Construction Requirements.
a.Offset Reference for the Establishment of the Roadway Alignment. The Contractor shall establish offset reference points before beginning of construction so that the original alignment of the roadway (centerlines, edges of pavement, etc.) will be restored during construction.
b.Job Mix Design. A "Job Mix Design" is a listing of all components of the mixture required for the full depth reclamation. If a Job Mix Design is shown on the plan s the Contractor shall use that mix design for the full depth reclamation work. If a Job Mix Design is not shown on the plans the Contractor shall determine the composition of the Job Mix Design and submit it to the Engineer for review. The Engineer will forward the proposed Job Mix Design to the Materials and Tests Engineer for approval. Job Mix Designs shown on the plans and submitted Job Mix Designs approved by the Materials and Tests Engineer shall not be changed without written approval of the Engineer . The Contractor shall submit the proposed changes to the Engineer with an analysis of the need for the change. The Engineer will forward the proposed change to the Materials and Tests Engineer for approval.
c.Submittal of a Proposed Job Mix Design by th e Contractor. The Contractor shall submit a proposed Job Mix Design no later than 21 Calendar Days after the date of Notice to Proceed. The Department will be allowed 21 Calendar Days to complete the verification and approval of the Job Mix design. The co mposition of a Job Mix Design submitted by the Contractor shall be established in accordance with the requirements given in ALDOT 416, "Laboratory Design of Soil -Cement and Full -Depth Reclamation Mixes". More than one Job Mix Design may be required due to the variability of the existing roadbed materials. Each proposed Job Mix Design and samples of the roadbed materials for each design shall be submitted for evaluation and approval.
Source: Alabama Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 159–167 of 934.