305.04 Method of Measurement.
c.Placing of the Material . The mater ial shall be placed, spread, and incorporated into the work at the locations shown on the plans or directed. The new material shall be mixed with the old material to the extent necessary to provide for an acceptable bond between the new and old material. Strict moisture and density controls will not be required; however, the material shall be mixed and compacted to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
305.04 Method of Measurement.
The quantity of material placed will be measured in cubic yards {cubic meters} i n accordance with the provisions of Subarticle 109.01(i) or per ton {metric ton} measured in accordance with the provisions of Subarticle 109.01(h).
305.05 Basis of Payment.
a.Unit Price Coverage . Aggregate material ordered and accepted, measured as note d above, will be paid for at the contract unit price bid for each type material which shall be full compensation for the material complete in place and includes all costs incident to furnishing and producing the material, all hauling, surface preparation, spreading, mixing, watering, compacting, and shaping and for all equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work.
b.Payment will be made under Item No .: 305-A * , **, for Miscellaneous Use - per cubic yard {cubic meter} 305-B * , **, for Miscellaneous Use - per ton {metric ton} * Kind of material: Borrow, Section 210 Coarse Aggregate, Section 801 Selected Materials, Section 820 Granular Soil, Section 821 Drainage Plane, Section 822 Soil Aggregate, Section 823 Processed Reef Shell, Section 824 Crushed Aggregate, Section 825 ** Type of material, if specified DENSITY REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPACTION
306.01 Description.
The density requirements for earth work, subbase, base, shoulders, surface, and pavement layers are given in this Section. Compensation for obtaining the required densities shall be included in the contract price for the material being compacted. This Section shall also cover the work of furnishing a Portable Nuclear Moisture- Density Testing Device ("Nuclear Testing Device") for use by Department personnel.
306.02 Materials.
a.Materials subject to Compaction Requirements . The compaction r equirements given in this Section shall be applicable to materials required to be furnished under other Sections when a reference to the compaction requirements is given in those Sections.
b.Non-Destructive Testing Devices .
1.Utilization of Non -Destructive Testing Devices. Non-destructive density testing of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) will be allowed for "quality control testing" purposes only and will not be used for acceptance test ing. All acceptance density testing of HMA will be done by coring the pavement (AASHTO T 166).
306.03 Construction Requirements.
2.Nuclear Testing Device. The Department has established a list of acceptable nuclear testing devices. Devices that are not shown on this list shall not be use d. The list is List II -21, "Nuclear Testing Devices" and is given in the Department's manual, "MATERIAL, SOURCES AND DEVICES WITH SPECIAL ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS." Information concerning this list is given in Subarticle 106.01(f) and ALDOT -355.
3.Electron ic Surface Contact Device . An electronic surface contact device will be allowed for the measurement of the density of hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement layers. The test method and apparatus described in AASHTO TP 68 -04 (2008), "Density of In -Place Hot Mix Asp halt (HMA) Pavement by Electronic Surface Contact Devices", Method C (Core Calibration Method), shall be used for this testing.
306.03 Construction Requirements.
a.Contractor's Responsibility for Compaction . The materials (soils, hot mix asphalt) selecte d by the Contractor will be sampled and tested to establish the density requirements for compaction. The Contractor shall compact the mat erials to the required density. In place density will be measured for acceptance in accordance with the requirements given in AASHTO T 310, "In -Place Density and Moisture Content of Soil and Soil -Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)", Direct Transmission Method only as modified by the following method: • A probe access pivot hole is required for the direct transmission method. Moisture and density counts shall be obtained by taking two "one minute" readings with each reading being performed at a 180 ° interval from the prior reading. The moisture and density reading shall be the average of the results of the two counts. • The surface under the gauge shall be examined to make sure that it is flat and level and that the access pivot hole is perpendicular to the base plane before placing the density gauge over the pivot hole. • The first one -minute reading o f moisture and density counts shall be taken and recorded. • The gage shall then be rotated 180°over same center point and the second one -minute reading of moisture and density counts shall be taken and recorded. • All measurement counts shall be repeated if a ny count is not within a range of values set by an upper limit that is the average plus five times the square root of the average and a lower limit that is the average minus five times the square root of the average.
b.Embankment Layers .
1.Determination of Maximum Density and Optimum Moisture Content. The maximum density and optimum moisture content for the compaction of materials for embankments will be determined in accordance with the test methods given in AASHTO T 9 9 "Moisture -Density of Soils Using a 2.5 kg (5.5 pound) Rammer and a 305 mm (12 inch) Drop". Method A will be used when 10 % or less of the embankment material is retained on the Number 4 {4.75 mm} sieve. Method C will be used when more than 10 % is retai ned on the Number 4 {4.75 mm} sieve, and less than 20 % is retained on the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve. Method D will be used when 20 % or more is retained on the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve.
2.Required In -Place Density. The Contractor shall compact the emban kment layers to within 95 % of the maximum density. The in -place density will be measured in accordance with the requirements given in Subarticle 306.03(a). There will not be a measurement of the in -place density of embankment layers that are composed predominantly of rock (approximately 70 % or greater). These layers shall be rolled until firm as determined by the Engineer.
3.Required Moisture Content . Strict moisture control will not be required. Compaction in a semi -dry condition will not be permitted.
306.03 Construction Requirements.
c.Modified and Improved Roadbed Layers .
1.Determination of Maximum Density and Optimum Moisture Content. The maximum density and optimum moisture content for the compaction of materials for modified and impr oved roadbed layers will be determined in accordance with the test methods given in AASHTO T 99. Method A will be used when 10 % or less of the modified and improved roadbed material is retained on the Number 4 {4.75 mm} sieve. Method C will be used when more than 10 % is retained on the Number 4 {4.75 mm} sieve, and less than 20 % is retained o n the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve. Method D will be used when 20 % or more is retained o n the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve.
2.Required In -Place Density. The Contractor sh all compact the modified and improved roadbed layers to 100 % of the maximum density. The in -place density will be measured for acceptance in accordance with the requirements given in 306.03(a).
3.Required Moisture Content . The moisture content during compaction shall be within ± 2 % of the optimum moisture content.
d.Roadbed or Lime Stabilization .
1.Determination of Maximum Density and Optimum Moisture Content . The maximum d ensity and optimum moisture content for the compaction of materials selected for the construction of a roadbed utilizing materials without lime additive will be determined in accordance with the test methods given in AASHTO T 99. The test methods given in ALDOT -223, “Establishing Moisture -Density Controls for Soils and/or Aggregates with Chemical Additives (Excluding Bituminous Materials)”, will be used for lime stabilized roadbeds. Method A will be used when 10 % or less of the modified and improved roadbed material is retained on the Number 4 {4.75 mm} sieve. Method C will be used when more than 10 % is retained on the Number 4 {4.75 mm} sieve, and less than 20 % is retained on the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve. Method D will be used when 20 % o r more is retained on the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve.
2.Required In -Place Density. The Contractor shall compact the roadbed or lime stabilized layers to 100 % of the maximum density. The in -place density will be measured for acceptance in accordance with t he requirements given in Subarticle 306.03(a).
3.Required Moisture Content. The moisture content during compaction shall be within ± 5 % of the optimum moisture content.
e.Subbase and Base Layers .
1.Determinatio n of Maximum Density and Optimum Moisture Content.
a.Materials Containing Natural Soil Binders without Chemical Additives. The maximum density and optimum moisture content will be determined in accordance with the test methods given in AASHTO T 180 "Moist ure-Density of Soils Using a 4.54 -kg (10 -lb) Rammer and a 467 -mm (18 -in.) Drop". Method A will be used when 10 % or less of the modified and improved roadbed material is retained on the Number 4 {4.75 mm} sieve. Method C will be used when more than 10 % i s retained on the Number 4 {4.75 mm} sieve, and less than 20 % is retained on the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve. Method D will be used when 20 % or more is retained on the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve.
b.Materials Containing Natural Soil Binders With Portland Ce ment, Calcium Chloride or Other Chemical Additives, Excluding Bituminous Materials. The maximum density and optimum moisture content will be determined in accordance with the requirements given in ALDOT -223.
c.Materials Composed of All Crushed Aggregates With or Without Chemical Additives, Excluding Bituminous Materials. The maximum density and optimum moisture content will be determined in accordance with the requirements given in AASHTO T 180 for Method D or ALDOT -140.
306.03 Construction Requirements.
d.Bituminous Mixtures. The maxi mum density will be determined in accordance with the requirements given in AASHTO T 209, "Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures".
e.All Soil or Aggregate Base Layers, With or Without Chemical Additives, Excluding Bituminous Materials - CONTROL STRIP METHOD. The CONTROL STRIP METHOD may be allowed for establishing a target maximum density and target optimal moisture if allowed in wr iting by the Engineer. The target maximum density and optimum moisture content shall be determined in accordance with the requirements given in ALDOT - 225, “Construction of Moisture -Density Control Strips for Soil and/or Aggregate Base Layers”.
2.Required In-Place Density.
a.Materials Containing Natural Soil Binders without Chemical Additives. The Contractor shall compact the materials to within 95 % of the maximum density for Method A, and to 100 % of maximum density for Methods C and D (AASHTO T 180). Th e in-place density will be measured in accordance with the requirements given in Subarticle 306.03(a).
b.Materials Containing Natural Soil Binders With Portland Cement, Calcium Chloride or Other Chemical Additives, Excluding Bituminous Materials. The Co ntractor shall compact the materials to within 98 % of the maximum density measured using Method A of ALDOT -223, and to 100 % of maximum density measured using Method B of ALDOT - 223. The in -place density will be measured in accordance with the requirements given in Subarticle 306.03(a).
c.Materials Composed of All Crushed Aggregates With or Without Chemical Additives, Excluding Bituminous Materials. The Contractor shall compact the roadbed or lime stabilized layers to 100 % of the maximum density determi ned in accordance with the requirements given in AASHTO T 180 for Method D or ALDOT -140. The in -place density will be measured in accordance with the requirements given in Subarticle 306.03(a).
d.Bituminous Mixtures. The Contractor shall compact the bituminous mixtures to the density that is given in Section 410. The in -place density will be measured for acceptance in accordance with the requirements given in AASHTO T 166.
e.All Soil or Aggregate Base Layers, With or Without Chemical Additives, Excluding Bituminous Materials - CONTROL STRIP METHOD. The Contractor shall compact the roadbed or lime stabilized layers to 100 % of the maximum density (ALDOT -225). The in -place density will be measured in accordance with the requirements given in Subarticle 306. 03(a).
3.Required Moisture Content. Moisture content during compaction shall be within ± 2 % of the optimum moisture content. This moisture content requirement shall not apply to bituminous materials for base and subbase.
4.Control Strip for Soil and Agg regate Layers Only. The CONTROL STRIP METHOD, ALDOT -225, shall only be used for soil and aggregate layers. It shall only be used if it is shown to be required in the contract or if it is requested by the Contractor and allowed by the Engineer. The Contrac tor shall make a substantial effort to achieve the required density prior to requesting a control strip. The request for a control strip shall be submitted by the Contractor to the Engineer in writing. The Engineer will forward this request to the Materia ls and Tests Engineer for approval. The written request shall include a description of the efforts made to achieve the required density. The description shall include the types, size, settings of rollers, rolling patterns for each roller and the results of compaction for each roller. The description shall also include all results of laboratory and field testing (soil analysis, maximum density, optimum moisture content, actual densities and moisture contents). Any other pertinent information concerning the m aterial, other equipment used, and actions taken in an effort to achieve the required density shall be included. Each control strip, constructed to acceptable density and surface tolerances, shall remain in place and become a section of the completed roadw ay. Unacceptable control strips shall be corrected or removed and replaced at the Contractor's expense.
306.03 Construction Requirements.
The cost of the construction of the control strip is considered incidental to the testing method and shall be done without extra compensation.
f.Blank .
g.Density For Bituminous Pavement Layers .
1.Determination of Maximum Theoretical Density. The maximum theoretical density will be determined in accordance with the requirements given in AASHTO T 209.
2.Required In -Place Density and Determination of I n-Place Density. The required in -place density is given in Section 410. The in -place density will be measured for acceptance in accordance with the requirements given in AASHTO T 166.
3.Density of Layers Placed on Bituminous Surface Treatment. For layers that are placed on bituminous surface treatment, the achievement of a designated percentage of the maximum theoretical density will not be required when the designated placement rates are 139 pounds or less per square yard {75 kg or less per square meter}. These layers shall be thoroughly compacted as directed by the Engineer. A reduced density requirement will be allowed for layers that are placed on bituminous surface treatment at designated placement rates of 140 pounds per square yard or greater {76 kg per square meter or greater} and less than 200 pounds per square yard {109 kg per square meter}. The allowable reduction in density is given in the Acceptance Schedule of Payment for In -Place Density (Table IV) given in Section 410.
4.Density of La yers not placed on Bituminous Surface Treatment. For layers that are not placed on a bituminous surface treatment, the achievement of a designated percentage of the maximum theoretical density will not be required when the designated placement rate is 124 pounds or less per square yard {67 kg or less per square meter}. These layers shall be thoroughly compacted as directed by the Engineer.
h.Portable Nuclear Moisture -Density Testing Device .
1.Contractor Furnished Nuclear Testing Device. The Contractor ma y be required to furnish a nuclear moisture -density testing device or recondition a device for use by ALDOT personnel. This will be required if a pay item for a nuclear testing device is a part of the contract.
2.Radiological Safety Manual. The operation of the nuclear moisture -density testing device shall be in accordance with the requirements given in the ALDOT "RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY MANUAL FOR THE USE OF NUCLEAR MOISTURE/DENSITY AND ASPHALT CONTENT GAUGES".
3.License for Owning Radioactive Materials. The Alabama State Department of Public Health requires a license for owning radioactive materials. A nuclear testing device will not be returned to the Contractor (when returning the device is a contract requirement) until the Contractor obtains this license.
4.Service Warranty for Contractor Furnished Device (New and Reconditioned). The Contractor shall provide a Service Warranty from the manufacturer of the nuclear testing device, or an authorized service center, for parts and services required for the cont inuous serviceability of the device furnished by the Contractor. A Service Warranty shall be furnished for all devices, new or reconditioned. The Service Warranty shall not be voided by ALDOT employees removing, repairing, and exchanging modules.
5.Inope rable Contractor Furnished Nuclear Testing Device. The Contractor shall be responsible for all delays to the prosecution of the work that are due to a malfunctioning device that was furnished by the Contractor. This responsibility extends to all devices, new or reconditioned. The Engineer will order the replacement of a continually malfunctioning device. The contract price for a Contractor furnished device will be reduced by a prorated amount that is calculated from the amount of time that the Contractor f urnished device is inoperable. The Contractor shall immediately replace a malfunctioning nuclear testing device without extra compensation when the work is delayed because of the malfunction. The compensation for the device will be reduced by a percenta ge amount calculated from the number of days that the device was not suitable for use and the total number of days in the contract.
306.05 Basis of Payment.
6.Serviceability and Ownership of Contractor Furnished Nuclear Testing Device. The final ownership of the nuclear testing device will be based on the requirements given for the Pay Item for the device. When the Engineer determines that the device is no longer needed it shall be transferred to the Department, or the Contractor will be notified by certified letter to pick up th e device. The Contractor shall retain ownership of a device if the device is furnished under Pay Item 306 -A, "Portable Nuclear Moisture -Density Testing Device". The Contractor shall retain ownership of a device for the duration of the need of the device i f it is furnished under Pay Item 306 -B, "State Retained Portable Nuclear Moisture- Density Testing Device". This device shall be a new Nuclear Moisture- Density Testing Device. When the device is no longer needed the Contractor shall be responsible for the r econditioning, verification, and, if necessary, recalibration of the device and the transfer of device and title of ownership to the Department. The Contractor shall retain ownership of a device for the duration of the need of the device if it is furnished under Pay Item 306 -E, "State Retained Portable Nuclear Moisture- Density Testing Device (Includes Disposal of Existing Device)". This device furnished by the Contractor shall be a new Nuclear Moisture -Density Testing Device. When the device is no longer needed, the Contractor shall be responsible for the reconditioning, verification, and, if necessary, recalibration of the device and the transfer of device and title of ownership to the Department. A Department owned device will be designated for disposal. T he Contractor shall take ownership of the device designated for disposal and shall pick up the device at the ALDOT Central Laboratory. The Department will pack the device and have it ready for transport. The title of ownership will be transferred to the Co ntractor. Transfer of the device will be in accordance with Health Department regulations and under no circumstances will a nuclear device be transferred to an unlicensed agent or company. If the Contractor is required to take possession of a device that i s not designated for disposal, 30 calendar days will be allowed from the date of the notification for the Contractor to present a valid license for owning radioactive material from the Alabama State Department of Public Health and then obtain possession of the device. The device shall become ALDOT property and the title of ownership shall be transferred to the ALDOT if the Contractor fails to present the proper license and obtain possession of the device within the 30 calendar days.
306.04 Method of Measure ment.
Nuclear Testing Devices will be measured per each device.
306.05 Basis of Payment.
a.Compaction . Separate payment will not be made for the work of compaction to meet the density requirements given in this Section. This work shall be incidental to the requirements of the placement of the material for which density requirements are given.
b.Portable Nuclear Moisture -Density Testing Device .
1.Pay Item 306- A, Portable Nuclear Moisture- Density Testing Device. The contract price for a device shall be full compensation for the furnishing of the device with all required accessories and services. This contract price shall be for exclusive use of the device for the duration of the contract or until Engineer determines that there will be no fu rther need for the device.
2.Pay Item 306- B, State Retained Portable Nuclear Moisture- Density Testing Device. The contract price for a device shall be full compensation for the furnishing of the device with all required accessories and services and for t he exclusive use of the device by the Department. The contract price shall also be full compensation for the maintenance of the device, the reconditioning, verification, and, if necessary, recalibration and transfer of the device and title of ownership to the Department.
3.Pay Item 306- E, State Retained Portable Nuclear Moisture -Density Testing Device (Includes Disposal Of Existing Device). The contract price for a device shall be full compensation for the furnishing of the device with all required accesso ries and services and for the exclusive use of the device by the Department. The contract price shall also be full compensation for the maintenance of the device, the reconditioning, verification, and, if necessary, recalibration and transfer of the device and title of ownership to the Department.
315.01 Description.
The contract price shall also be full compensation for the Contractor to take ownership of a device designated for disposal by the Department and full compensation for the costs of obtaining, transporting and disposing the device.
c.Payment will be made under Item No.: 306-A Portable Nuclear Moisture -Density Testing Device - per each 306-B State Retained Portable Nuclear Moisture -Density Testing Device - per each 306-E State Retained Portable Nuclear Moisture -Density Testing Device (Includes Disposal of Existing Device) - per each SECTION 315 DRAINAGE PLANE LAYER
315.01 Description.
This Section shall cover the work of constructing a drainage plane layer composed of an approved free-draining material. This layer normally is used to facilitate drainage from the pavement structure layer through the shoulders; however, it may be used at other locations when shown on the plans or directed.
315.02 Materials.
Materials for use shall meet the appropriate requirements of Division 800, Materials, with specific reference to Section 822.
315.03 Construction Requirements.
The drainage layer shall be constructed in reasonably close conformity to the cross sections and dimensions shown on the plans and in the sequence noted in Subarticle 301.04(c). The thickness shown on the plans will be loose measurement before covering with another layer. The drainage plane materials shall be spread by approved equipment capable of providing a single layer of uniform thickness, uncompacted, and continuous from the inner base layer edge through the shoulder line. The equipment must be capable of spreading this layer without damaging or disturbing the underlying and contiguous layers. Multiple pas ses may be permitted on wide shoulders. There will be no density requirement for this layer. Care shall be taken to insure firm contact between drainage layer and the contiguous base layers. Any disturbance to or loss of drainage plane material while uncov ered shall be corrected prior to placing the overlying layer.
315.04 Method of Measurement.
Measurement of Drainage Plane Material will be in accordance with Article 301.07.
315.05 Basis of Payment.
a.Unit Price Coverage . Drainage Plane Material, measure d as noted above, will be paid for at the contract unit price bid for the item of work involved in accordance with Article 301.08.
b.Payment will be made under Item No .: 315-A Drainage Plane Material, ___ inches {mm} Thick - per square yard {square meter} SECTION 327 PLANT MIX BITUMINOUS BASE AND PATB
327.01 Description.
The work under this Section shall consist of constructing a Plant Mix Bituminous Base layer composed of an aggregate an d bituminous material hot mixed in a central plant and hot laid on a prepared surface in accordance with these specifications and in close conformity with the lines, grades, typical section, mix, and average weight per square yard shown on the plans or directed by the Engineer.
Source: Alabama Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 173–178 of 934.