305SOIL AND AGGREGATE MATERIALS FOR

172

without additional compensation, provided the resulting thickness is within the allowable tolerances.

The Contractor shall cover the finished surface with a prime coat within 24 hours from completion of compaction. The prime coat shall be maintained until a pavement layer or additional surface treatment is applied. The prime coat shall be as specified in the plans and shall be placed and paid in accordance with the requirements given in Section 401.

Any subgrade deficiencies shall be determined by the Engineer. The Contractor will be given a specific time to repair any deficiencies without any additional compensation.

Completed sections of the full depth reclaimed roadbed may be opened when necessary to lightweight local traffic, provided the surface has hardened sufficiently to prevent marring or distorting of the surface, and provided the curing is not impaired. Construction equipment shall not operate on the full depth reclamation sections except as necessary to discharge into the spreader during paving operations. If the full depth reclaimed roadbed is impaired by premature opening to traffic, the entire affected section shall be reconstructed at the Contractor’s expense.

302.04Method of Measurement

Full Depth Reclamation will be measured in units of square yards. The length of a lane will be measured along the center of the lane. The width of a lane will be the width shown on the plans. Additional areas required for crossovers, turnouts, etc., will be determined by the measurement of the length and width along the surface of the reclaimed area. Cement will be measured in units of tons.

302.05Basis of Payment

The contract unit price for Full Depth Reclamation shall be full compensation for furnishing all materials (except Portland cement and Bituminous Treatment for curing) equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work. The contract unit price for Portland cement for Roadbed Reclamation shall be full compensation for furnishing and applying the cement to complete the work of Full Depth Reclamation. Payment will only be made for the actual amount of cement applied to the reclaimed roadbed. Additional soil or aggregate material required to construct the roadbed to the required plan grade and section, and any unsuitable material excavated, will be measured and paid for under the appropriate item of Unclassified Excavation or Borrow.

302-A Full Depth Reclamation, ___ inches Thick - per square yard 302-B Portland Cement for Full Depth Reclamation - per ton SOIL AND AGGREGATE MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS USE

305.01Description

This Section shall cover the work of furnishing and incorporating a soil or aggregate material of the type specified into the work at the locations shown on the plans or designated by the Engineer. The type of material may be a local material, such as borrow or selected soil, or commercial material, such as crushed aggregate, or any combination thereof to produce a material consistent with the requirements of the type material specified. The intent of this Section is to provide material for use in localized areas for patching, leveling, or minor widening work. Layers of material of nominal depth and width should be placed under the appropriate Section of the Standard Specifications. DENSITY REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPACTION 173

305.02Materials

All materials furnished for use shall comply with the requirements of the appropriate sections of the Standard Specifications, except as modified by the plans or proposals. Special attention is directed to Sections 210 and 820 through 825.

305.03Construction Requirements

The work of placing the material in this Section includes surface preparation including the scarification of the existing material, the addition of the material, and the processing of the new material with the existing material to form an installation meeting plan requirement.

Surface preparation shall include any work necessary to clean the surface of the area on which the new material is to be placed, along with scarifying the surface of the existing material to promote an acceptable bond of the new and old material.

The material shall be placed, spread, and incorporated into the work at the locations shown on the plans or directed. The new material shall be mixed with the old material to the extent necessary to provide for an acceptable bond between the new and old material. Strict moisture and density controls will not be required; however, the material shall be mixed and compacted to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

305.04Method of Measurement

The quantity of material placed will be measured in cubic yards {cubic meters} in accordance with the provisions of Subarticle 109.01(i) or per ton {metric ton} measured in accordance with the provisions of Subarticle 109.01(h).

305.05Basis of Payment

Aggregate material ordered and accepted, measured as noted above, will be paid for at the contract unit price bid for each type material which shall be full compensation for the material complete in place and includes all costs incident to furnishing and producing the material, all hauling, surface preparation, spreading, mixing, watering, compacting, and shaping and for all equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work.

305A *, **, for Miscellaneous Use per cubic yard {cubic meter} 305B *, **, for Miscellaneous Use per ton {metric ton} * Kind of material: Borrow, Section 210 Coarse Aggregate, Section 801 Selected Materials, Section 820 Granular Soil, Section 821 Drainage Plane, Section 822 Soil Aggregate, Section 823 Processed Reef Shell, Section 824 Crushed Aggregate, Section 825 ** Type of material, if specified DENSITY REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPACTION

306.01Description

The density requirements for earth work, subbase, base, shoulders, surface, and pavement layers are given in this Section. Compensation for obtaining the required densities shall be included in the contract price for the material being compacted. This Section shall also cover the work of furnishing a Portable Nuclear Moisture-Density Testing Device ("Nuclear Testing Device") for use by Department personnel. DENSITY REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPACTION 174

306.02Materials

The compaction requirements given in this Section shall be applicable to materials required to be furnished under other Sections when a reference to the compaction requirements is given in those Sections.

Non-destructive density testing of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) will be allowed for "quality control testing" purposes only and will not be used for acceptance testing. All acceptance density testing of HMA will be done by coring the pavement (AASHTO T 166).

The Department has established a list of acceptable nuclear testing devices. Devices that are not shown on this list shall not be used. The list is List II-21, "Nuclear Testing Devices" and is given in the Department's MSDSAR manual. Information concerning this list is given in Subarticle 106.01(f) and ALDOT-355.

An electronic surface contact device will be allowed for the measurement of the density of hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement layers. The test method and apparatus described in AASHTO TP 68-04 (2008), "Density of In-Place Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Pavement by Electronic Surface Contact Devices", Method C (Core Calibration Method), shall be used for this testing.

306.03Construction Requirements

The materials (soils, hot mix asphalt) selected by the Contractor will be sampled and tested to establish the density requirements for compaction. The Contractor shall compact the materials to the required density. In place density will be measured for acceptance in accordance with the requirements given in AASHTO T 310, "In-Place Density and Moisture Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)", Direct Transmission Method as modified by ALDOT 222-82 IN-PLACE DENSITY AND MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS AND ESTABLISHING MOISTURE CORRELATIONS FOR NUCLEAR MOISTURE/DENSITY GAUGES.

The maximum density and optimum moisture content for the compaction of materials for embankments will be determined in accordance with the test methods given in AASHTO T 99 "Moisture-Density of Soils Using a 2.5 kg (5.5 pound) Rammer and a 305 mm (12 inch) Drop". Method A will be used when 10 % or less of the embankment material is retained on the Number 4 {4.75 mm} sieve. Method C will be used when more than 10 % is retained on the Number 4 {4.75 mm} sieve, and less than 20 % is retained on the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve. Method D will be used when 20 % or more is retained on the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve.

The Contractor shall compact the embankment layers to within 95 % of the maximum density. The in-place density will be measured in accordance with the requirements given in Subarticle

There will not be a measurement of the in-place density of embankment layers that are composed predominantly of rock (approximately 70 % or greater). These layers shall be rolled until firm as determined by the Engineer.

Strict moisture control will not be required. When the material does not have the proper moisture content to ensure the required density, wet or dry it as required. When adding water, uniformly mix it in to the full depth of the course that is being compacted. During wetting or drying operations, manipulate, as a unit, the entire width and depth of the course that is being compacted. DENSITY REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPACTION 175

The maximum density and optimum moisture content for the compaction of materials for modified and improved roadbed layers will be determined in accordance with the test methods given in AASHTO T 99. Method A will be used when 10 % or less of the modified and improved roadbed material is retained on the Number 4 {4.75 mm} sieve. Method C will be used when more than 10 % is retained on the Number 4 {4.75 mm} sieve, and less than 20 % is retained on the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve. Method D will be used when 20 % or more is retained on the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve.

The Contractor shall compact the modified and improved roadbed layers to 100 % of the maximum density. The in-place density will be measured for acceptance in accordance with the requirements given in 306.03(a).

The moisture content during compaction shall be within ± 2 % of the optimum moisture content.

The maximum density and optimum moisture content for the compaction of materials selected for the construction of a roadbed utilizing materials without lime additive will be determined in accordance with the test methods given in AASHTO T 99. The test methods given in ALDOT-223, “Establishing Moisture-Density Controls for Soils and/or Aggregates with Chemical Additives (Excluding Bituminous Materials)”, will be used for lime stabilized roadbeds. Method A will be used when 10 % or less of the modified and improved roadbed material is retained on the Number 4 {4.75 mm} sieve. Method C will be used when more than 10 % is retained on the Number 4 {4.75 mm} sieve, and less than 20 % is retained on the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve. Method D will be used when 20 % or more is retained on the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve.

The Contractor shall compact the roadbed or lime stabilized layers to 100 % of the maximum density. The in-place density will be measured for acceptance in accordance with the requirements given in Subarticle 306.03(a).

The moisture content during compaction shall be within ± 5 % of the optimum moisture content.

The maximum density and optimum moisture content will be determined in accordance with the test methods given in AASHTO T 180 "Moisture-Density of Soils Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 467-mm (18-in.) Drop". Method A will be used when 10% or less of the modified and improved roadbed material is retained on the Number 4 {4.75 mm} sieve. Method C will be used when more than 10% is retained on the Number 4 {4.75 mm} sieve, and less than 20 % is retained on the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve. Method D will be used when 20 % or more is retained on the 3/4 inch {19.0 mm} sieve.

Chemical Additives, Excluding Bituminous Materials. The maximum density and optimum moisture content will be determined in accordance with the requirements given in ALDOT-223.

Bituminous Materials. The maximum density and optimum moisture content will be determined in accordance with the requirements given in AASHTO T 180 for Method D or ALDOT-140. DENSITY REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPACTION 176

The maximum density will be determined in accordance with the requirements given in AASHTO T 209, "Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures".

Materials - CONTROL STRIP METHOD. The CONTROL STRIP METHOD may be allowed for establishing a target maximum density and target optimal moisture if allowed in writing by the Engineer. The target maximum density and optimum moisture content shall be determined in accordance with the requirements given in ALDOT-225, “Construction of Moisture-Density Control Strips for Soil and/or Aggregate Base Layers”.

The Contractor shall compact the materials to within 95 % of the maximum density for Method A, and to 100 % of maximum density for Methods C and D (AASHTO T 180). The in-place density will be measured in accordance with the requirements given in Subarticle 306.03(a).

Chemical Additives, Excluding Bituminous Materials. The Contractor shall compact the materials to within 98 % of the maximum density measured using Method A of ALDOT-223, and to 100 % of maximum density measured using Method B of ALDOT-223. The in-place density will be measured in accordance with the requirements given in Subarticle 306.03(a).

Bituminous Materials. The Contractor shall compact the roadbed or lime stabilized layers to 100 % of the maximum density determined in accordance with the requirements given in AASHTO T 180 for Method D or ALDOT-140. The in-place density will be measured in accordance with the requirements given in Subarticle 306.03(a).

The Contractor shall compact the bituminous mixtures to the density that is given in Section 410. The in-place density will be measured for acceptance in accordance with the requirements given in AASHTO T 166.

Materials - CONTROL STRIP METHOD. The Contractor shall compact the roadbed or lime stabilized layers to 100 % of the maximum density (ALDOT-225). The in-place density will be measured in accordance with the requirements given in Subarticle 306.03(a).

Moisture content during compaction shall be within ± 2 % of the optimum moisture content. This moisture content requirement shall not apply to bituminous materials for base and subbase.

The CONTROL STRIP METHOD, ALDOT-225, shall only be used for soil and aggregate layers. It shall only be used if it is shown to be required in the contract or if it is requested by the Contractor and allowed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall make a substantial effort to achieve the required density prior to requesting a control strip. The request for a control strip shall be submitted by the Contractor to the Engineer in writing. The Engineer will forward this request to the Materials and Tests Engineer for approval. The written request shall include a description of the efforts made to achieve the required density. The description shall include the types, size, settings of rollers, rolling patterns for each roller and the results of compaction for each roller. The description shall also include all results of laboratory and field testing (soil analysis, maximum density, optimum moisture content, actual densities and moisture contents). Any other pertinent information concerning the material, other equipment used, and actions taken in an effort to achieve the required density shall be included. DENSITY REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPACTION 177

Each control strip, constructed to acceptable density and surface tolerances, shall remain in place and become a section of the completed roadway. Unacceptable control strips shall be corrected or removed and replaced at the Contractor's expense. The cost of the construction of the control strip is considered incidental to the testing method and shall be done without extra compensation.

The maximum theoretical density will be determined in accordance with the requirements given in AASHTO T 209.

The required in-place density is given in Section 410. The in-place density will be measured for acceptance in accordance with the requirements given in AASHTO T 166.

For layers that are placed on bituminous surface treatment, the achievement of a designated percentage of the maximum theoretical density will not be required when the designated placement rates are 139 pounds or less per square yard {75 kg or less per square meter}. These layers shall be thoroughly compacted as directed by the Engineer. A reduced density requirement will be allowed for layers that are placed on bituminous surface treatment at designated placement rates of 140 pounds per square yard or greater {76 kg per square meter or greater} and less than 200 pounds per square yard {109 kg per square meter}. The allowable reduction in density is given in the Acceptance Schedule of Payment for In-Place Density (Table IV) given in Section 410.

For layers that are not placed on a bituminous surface treatment, the achievement of a designated percentage of the maximum theoretical density will not be required when the designated placement rate is 124 pounds or less per square yard {67 kg or less per square meter}. These layers shall be thoroughly compacted as directed by the Engineer.

The Contractor may be required to furnish a nuclear moisture-density testing device or recondition a device for use by ALDOT personnel. This will be required if a pay item for a nuclear testing device is a part of the contract.

The operation of the nuclear moisture-density testing device shall be in accordance with the requirements given in the ALDOT "RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY MANUAL FOR THE USE OF NUCLEAR MOISTURE/DENSITY AND ASPHALT CONTENT GAUGES".

The Alabama State Department of Public Health requires a license for owning radioactive materials. A nuclear testing device will not be returned to the Contractor (when returning the device is a contract requirement) until the Contractor obtains this license.

The Contractor shall provide a Service Warranty from the manufacturer of the nuclear testing device, or an authorized service center, for parts and services required for the continuous serviceability of the device furnished by the Contractor. A Service Warranty shall be furnished for all devices, new or reconditioned. The Service Warranty shall not be voided by ALDOT employees removing, repairing, and exchanging modules.

The Contractor shall be responsible for all delays to the prosecution of the work that are due to a malfunctioning device that was furnished by the Contractor. This responsibility extends to all devices, new or reconditioned. The Engineer will order the replacement of a continually malfunctioning device. The contract price for a Contractor furnished device will be reduced by a prorated amount that is calculated from the amount of time that the Contractor furnished device is inoperable. DENSITY REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPACTION 178

The Contractor shall immediately replace a malfunctioning nuclear testing device without extra compensation when the work is delayed because of the malfunction. The compensation for the device will be reduced by a percentage amount calculated from the number of days that the device was not suitable for use and the total number of days in the contract.

The final ownership of the nuclear testing device will be based on the requirements given for the Pay Item for the device. When the Engineer determines that the device is no longer needed it shall be transferred to the Department, or the Contractor will be notified by certified letter to pick up the device. The Contractor shall retain ownership of a device if the device is furnished under Pay Item 306-A, "Portable Nuclear Moisture-Density Testing Device". The Contractor shall retain ownership of a device for the duration of the need of the device if it is furnished under Pay Item 306-B, "State Retained Portable Nuclear Moisture-Density Testing Device". This device shall be a new Nuclear Moisture-Density Testing Device. When the device is no longer needed the Contractor shall be responsible for the reconditioning, verification, and, if necessary, recalibration of the device and the transfer of device and title of ownership to the Department. The Contractor shall retain ownership of a device for the duration of the need of the device if it is furnished under Pay Item 306-E, "State Retained Portable Nuclear Moisture-Density Testing Device (Includes Disposal of Existing Device)". This device furnished by the Contractor shall be a new Nuclear Moisture-Density Testing Device. When the device is no longer needed, the Contractor shall be responsible for the reconditioning, verification, and, if necessary, recalibration of the device and the transfer of device and title of ownership to the Department. A Department owned device will be designated for disposal. The Contractor shall take ownership of the device designated for disposal and shall pick up the device at the ALDOT Central Laboratory. The Department will pack the device and have it ready for transport. The title of ownership will be transferred to the Contractor. Transfer of the device will be in accordance with Health Department regulations and under no circumstances will a nuclear device be transferred to an unlicensed agent or company. If the Contractor is required to take possession of a device that is not designated for disposal, 30 calendar days will be allowed from the date of the notification for the Contractor to present a valid license for owning radioactive material from the Alabama State Department of Public Health and then obtain possession of the device. The device shall become ALDOT property and the title of ownership shall be transferred to the ALDOT if the Contractor fails to present the proper license and obtain possession of the device within the 30 calendar days.

306.04Method of Measurement

Nuclear Testing Devices will be measured per each device.

306.05Basis of Payment

Separate payment will not be made for the work of compaction to meet the density requirements given in this Section. This work shall be incidental to the requirements of the placement of the material for which density requirements are given.

The contract price for a device shall be full compensation for the furnishing of the device with all required accessories and services. This contract price shall be for exclusive use of the device for the duration of the contract or until Engineer determines that there will be no further need for the device.

The contract price for a device shall be full compensation for the furnishing of the device with all required accessories and services and for the exclusive use of the device by the Department. The contract price shall also be full compensation for the maintenance of the device, the reconditioning, verification, and, if necessary, recalibration and transfer of the device and title of ownership to the Department.