832.01 Preformed Joint Filler.
has attained the required strength. When permission is given to open the pavement to traffic, the covering material shall be removed and the pavement cleaned and swept. Earth or sand used in this method of curing shall be free of sticks, stones, or other matter which might injure the surface of the concrete. The material shall contain no ingredients which would be detrimental to the concrete or discolor the surface finish.
830.04 Straw.
Straw used as a supplement to the curing materials noted in Article 830.01 and 830.02 for cold weather protection shall be suitable for the purpose intended and approved each time it is used. SECTION 831 PRECAST CONCRETE PRODUCTS
831.01 Description.
All precast concrete products, except precast non -prestressed concrete bridge members, shall be furnished from an approved producer that is participating in, and meeting the requirements given in ALDOT -364. ALDOT 364 is t he "Procedure for Inspection of Concrete Pipe, Precast Manholes, Precast Box Culverts, and Miscellaneous Precast Concrete Products". Producers of precast concrete products shall be shown in List I -8, PRODUCERS OF PRE -CAST CONCRETE PRODUCTS, of the Department's "Materials, Sources, and Devices with Special Acceptance Requirements" Manual. Information concerning this list is given in Subarticle 106.01(f) and ALDOT -355. CONCRETE JOINT FILLERS, JOINT AND CRACKSEALANTS, AND WATERSTOP MATERIALS
832.01 Preformed Joint Filler.
a.General . Preformed joint filler units shall be furnished in one piece of the length, thickness, and depth shown on the plans for a complete joint, unless otherwise authorized by the Engin eer. When the use of more than one piece is authorized, the abutting ends shall be fastened securely and held accurately in place to correct shape by stapling or other satisfactory means. When a preformed filler is used with dowels or other protruding item s which must pass through the filler, clean -cut holes, accurately spaced and not more than 1/8 of an inch {3 mm} larger than the protruding item shall be provided. Damaged filler units shall be rejected. Joint fillers used in conjunction with expansion jo ints will require the use of a joint sealer in order to provide a functional joint. Sealants shall be one of the appropriate types specified in Article 832.02 or Subarticle 832.03(a), unless a specific type is specified by the plans.
b.Filler for Constru ction Joints in Bridge, Culvert, and Drainage Structures . Preformed bituminous joint filler for general use in bridge, culvert, and drainage structure work shall meet the requirements for one of the following "Types" unless a specific "Type" is required by the detailed plans: Type 1 - AASHTO M 33 Type 2 - AASHTO M 213, modified to allow a maximum of 25% water absorption.
c.Expansion Joint Filler . Expansion joint filler for concrete pavement, curb, gutter, combination curb and gutter, flumes, slope paving, and other miscellaneous concrete structures shall meet the requirements as given for one of the following materials :
1.AASHTO M 153,
2.AASHTO M 213 modified to allow a maximum of 25% water absorption, or
832.02 Joint and Cr ack Sealants.
3.ASTM D8139.
832.02 Joint and Crack Sealants.
a.Gene ral. Joint and crack sealants may be used for sealing both expansion joints and construction joints in concrete units other than bridges within the following limitations: Vertical joints in concrete units such as curbs, etc. will require the use of a non -sag compound. Construction joints 1/4 of an inch {6 mm} or less in width will not require sealing unless specified by plan details. The shape factor of joint sealant is most important. The joint configuration shown by the plan details may require the u se of a backer rod or strip to insure proper shape. When a backer rod or strip is necessary, it shall be compatible with the sealant and shall have no bond or reaction between the sealant and the backer rod or strip. A bond breaking tape may be used to ins ure no bond occurs between the two materials. Requirements for joint and crack sealants are noted in the following Subarticles; however, the Contractor may substitute an approved preformed elastomeric seal meeting the requirements of Subarticle 832.03(a) i n lieu of a sealer provided such is furnished at no additional cost to the Department. A certified test report showing actual test results shall be furnished with each lot of joint sealer furnished to each project. Each lot of sealant shall be delivered in containers plainly marked with manufacturer's name or trade mark, type of sealant, lot number, and date of manufacture. The Department may run any or all tests deemed necessary.
b.Hot Applied Joint and Crack Sealant . Hot Applied Joint and Crack Sealant shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 324 (ASTM D 6690) for Type I Sealant, or Type II Sealant. Hot Applied Joint Sealant shall be selected from the Department's LIST III-4, "Joint and Crack Sealants". Refer to Subarticle 106.01(f) and ALDOT- 355 concern ing this list.
c.Cold Applied Joint and Crack Sealant . Cold Applied Joint and Crack Sealant shall be a resilient adhesive compound capable of effectively sealing joints from infiltration of incompressible materials and water throughout repeated contracti on and expansion cycles. The sealant, when delivered, shall be capable of being used on the job site and may be placed by machine, pressure gun, or by hand. The compound, when used in other than horizontal joints, shall be capable of conforming to the slope face without sagging. Cold Applied Joint Sealant shall be selected from the Department's LIST III- 4, "Joint and Crack Sealants". Refer to Subarticle 106.01(f) and ALDOT- 355 concerning this list. The sealant shall be a homogeneous blend of materials, whic h may or may not require a primer. The sealant shall meet the requirements given in ASTM D 5893.
832.03 Preformed Elastomeric Joint Seals.
a.Compression Seals .
1.General . Compression type elastomeric seals shall consist of an approved seal shape formed from elastomeric material, designed to be installed and function in a compressed state. Installation of this type seal requires the use of a lubricant adhesive. This type seal when used on bridge decks will not require the use of a joint filler material un less such is specified by plan details.
2.Materials . Materials used in fabricating the preformed elastomeric seals shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D 2628 for Concrete Pavement and ASTM D 3542 for Bridges and be of the basic shape, dimension, etc . shown by the plan details. No factory or field splicing of seals in transverse joints 50 feet {15 m} or shorter in length will be allowed. On transverse joints over 50 feet {15 m} in length, one field splice will be considered for approval by the Engineer pending written request from the Contractor. This request shall specify the materials and details of performing the splice. Since the intent is to have one continuous seal meeting the above requirements, absolutely no patching of torn or damaged spots in the seal shall be permitted. In addition to the above, seals for bridge joints (including the joint between the bridge end and the bridge end slab) shall have a depth to width ratio of not less than 1 ( D/W ≥ 1).
832.03 Preformed Elastomeric Joint Seals.
The lubricant adhesive used in installing the compression seals in joints shall meet the requirements of ASTM D 2835 for concrete pavement and ASTM D 4070 for bridge joints.
3.Construction Method . The installation of the seal shall be in accordance with the m anufacturer's recommendation, plan details, approved shop drawings, and the following:
a.Sand blast and clean all surfaces of the joint with steel areas cleaned to a "Near White" classification.
b.Prepare joint lubricant adhesive compound and apply to jo int.
c.Place sealer without stretching beyond a maximum of five percent elongation.
b.Diaphragm Type Seals
1.Flexible, Unreinforced Elastomeric Type Seal .
a.General. This type seal shall consist of an approved seal shape formed from elastomeric material without metal reinforcement, anchored by mechanical or other acceptable methods to anchor plates cast into or affixed to the joint edges.
b.Materials. The elastomeric material shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D 2628 modified to omit the recovery tests, with or without fiber or other types of acceptable non -metallic reinforcement. The seal shall be of the basic shape and dimensions shown by plan details unless otherwise authorized in writing by the Bridge Engineer. Metal anchor plates shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A 36 or equivalent. Any sealant or lubricant shall conform to the requirements for lubricant adhesive noted in Subarticle 832.03(a) or an approved equivalent.
c.Construction Methods. The installation of th e seal shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, the plan details, and the approved shop drawings.
2.Flexible, Reinforced Elastomeric Type Seal .
a.General. This type seal shall consist of an approved shape formed from elastomeric m aterial reinforced internally with metal strips with the seal affixed to the bridge deck by the method indicated in the plan details.
b.Materials. The elastomeric material used in the seal shall conform to the following: ELASTOMERIC SEAL SPECIFICATIONS TEST REQUIREMENT TEST METHOD Hardness, Durometer A 45 ± 5 ASTM D 2240 Tensile Strength 1800 psi {12.5 Mpa}, Min. ASTM D 412 Elongation @ break 400% Min. Compression Set, 22 hrs. @ 158 °F {70 °C} 20% Max. ASTM D 395 Method B Low Temperature Not Brittle @ -40 °C ASTM D 746 Ozone Resistance, Exposure to 100 ppm {100 mg/l} Ozone for 70 hrs. @ 100 °F {38 °C} Sample under 20% Strain No Cracks ASTM D 1149 Oil Deterioration Volume increase after immersion in ASTM Oil #3 for 70 hrs. @ 212 °F {100 °C} 120% Max. ASTM D 471 Flame Resistance Will Not propagate flame ASTM C 542 Reinforcement ASTM A 36 or equivalent Sealant shall conform to lubricant adhesive in Subarticle (a) or an approved equivalent.
c.Construction Method. Installation of the seal shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations in the plan details and the approved shop drawings.
832.04 Blank.
832.04 Blank.
832.05 Waterstop Materials.
a.Description . Waterstops shall be of the size and shape shown on the plans. The material ma y be either neoprene, polyvinylchloride or strip applied expandable waterstop meeting the requirements given in this Section.
b.Neoprene . Physical Requirements.
1.Tensile Strength, Method A using die C – 2000 psi {13.78 MPa} Min., ASTM D 412.
2.Ultimate Elongation, Method A using die C – 360 % Min., ASTM D 412.
3.Type A Shore Durometer Hardness - 65 ± 5, ASTM D 2240.
4.Change in Type A Durometer Hardness, 70 hrs. heat aged @ 158 °F {70 °C} + 15 points Max., ASTM D 2240.
5.Compression Set, Meth od B, Max permissible change after 22 hrs. heat aged @ 158 °F {70 °C} 30%, ASTM D 395.
c.Polyvinylchloride . Physical Requirements.
1.Tensile Strength, Method A using die C – 1750 psi {12.17 MPa} Min., ASTM D 412.
2.Ultimate Elongation, Method A using d ie C – 300 % Min., ASTM D 412.
3.Type A Shore Durometer Hardness 80 ± 5 ASTM D 2240.
4.Change in Type A Durometer Hardness, 70 hrs. heat aged @ 158 °F {70 °C} + 15 points Max., ASTM D 2240.
d.Strip Applied Expandable Waterstop . Physical Requirements.
1.Specific Gravity – 130-160 , ASTM D 71.
2.Penetration - cone at 77 °F, 150 gm, 5 sec, 40 mm ± 5, ASTM D 217.
3.Volatile Matter – 1 % Max., ASTM D 6.
832.06 Drainage Trough Material for Open Type Expansion Dam Units.
Drainage trough material furnished for use shall be a high grade neoprene reinforced with at least two layers of flexible polyester or nylon cord fabric acceptable to the Engineer meeting the following requirements.
1.Fabric reinforcement shall be a close woven material providing equal str ength in both warp and fill directions.
2.The finished product shall be of the shape, size, and thickness shown by the plan details meeting the following test: Oil Deterioration - Maximum weight {mass} change of 55% after immersion in IRM Oil 903 for 70 hours at 212 °F {100 °C} - ASTM D 471.
3.Only minimum splicing across the width of the required material will be allowed. Any splice allowed must be performed using materials and in a manner recommended by the producer of the material so as to provide a waterproof, full strength (same as original material) joint through the splice. Samples (12 inch x 12 inch {300 mm x 300 mm} minimum) of the material along with the material data sheet of the producer of the material shall be submitted to the Central Laboratory for approval.
834.05 Storing and Handling Steel Piles.
832.07 Blank.
SECTION 833 LUMBER AND TIMBER - UNTREATED AND TREATED
833.01 Structural Lumber and Timber.
Structural lumber and timber shall be Southern Yellow Pine, unless otherwise noted on the plans or in the proposal, meeting the requirements of AASHTO M 168 “Standard Specification for Wood Products”. The grade of structural wood shall be as shown on the plans.
833.02 Preservative Treatment.
Preservatives for treated wood shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 133 “Preservatives and Pressure Treatment Processes for Timber”. SECTION 834 PILING MATERIALS
834.01 Concrete Piles.
Precast prestressed concrete piles shall be manufactured in accordance with the requirements given in Section 513.
834.02 Steel Pile Point Protectors.
The pile points shall be fabricated from cast steel meeting or exceeding the requirements of AASHTO M 103M. The pile points shall be properly identified as to the heat from which they were fabricated, either by this number being cast into the point or by being legibly stenciled on each point. Certified mill test reports shall be submitted for the pile points in accordance with the requirements given for the submittal of certified mill test reports for Structural Steel.
834.03 Steel Bearing Piles.
The material in rolled steel piles and splices shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 270 {AASHTO M 270M}, unless otherwise specified by plan details. All piles shall be rolled steel sections of the section number, size, and weight per foot {mass per meter} indicated on the plans and shall be fabricated in conformity with the requirements of ASTM A 6 {ASTM A 6M}. The heat number and section size shall be legibly marked on each piece by stamp, paint, tag, sticker or other industry acce pted method. Any piece that can not be properly identified at time of use will be rejected.
834.04 Steel Sheet Piles.
Permane nt steel sheet piling shall be of the type called for on the plans and shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 202 {AASHTO M 202M} and its supplementary requirement, S1. Temporary steel sheet piling shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 202 { AASHTO M 202M} and its supplementary requirement, S1 and may be either new piling or used piling, acceptable to the Engineer for the intended function. The temporary steel sheet piling shall be interlocking type piles having a 3/8 inch {9.4 mm} minimum web thickness.
834.05 Storing and Handling Steel Piles.
When placed in the leads, the pile shall conform to camber and sweep permitted by allowable mill tolerance. The method of storing and handling shall be such as to avoid undue bending stresses or other injury. Piles bent, cracked, or otherwise injured will be rejected.
Source: Alabama Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 740–743 of 934.