454CLEANING AND SEALING JOINTS AND CRACKS IN

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satisfactory removal and disposal of the old concrete, for the reconditioning or replacement of all steel and the concrete joint including all equipment, tools, labor, and other incidentals necessary to complete this item of work.

Concrete pavement replacement slabs, measured as noted above, will be paid for at the contract unit price bid per cubic yard {cubic meter} which shall be full compensation for the furnishing of the concrete mix, the hauling of the mix, the forming, placing, including any new steel, sawing and sealing of joints, finishing and curing of the slab and for all equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete this item of work.

After the grouting operation, all surfaces shall receive grinding in accordance with Section 455 and shall meet the smoothness requirements of Subarticle 455.03e.

453-A Drill Holes (Max. bid limited to $6.00 per Hole) - per each 453-B Portland Cement Pressure Grout - per bag (94 pounds {42 kg}) 453-C Removal of Concrete Pavement Slab - per square yard {square meter} 453-D Concrete Pavement Replacement Slab - per cubic yard {cubic meter} CLEANING AND SEALING JOINTS AND CRACKS IN CONCRETE PAVEMENT

454.01Description

This Section shall cover the work of cleaning and sealing joints and cracks in existing concrete pavement. The shape of the joints shall be restored by sawing the concrete to allow the proper sealing of the joints. Cracks shall be sealed by the routing of a groove at the crack for the placement of sealant. The cleaning and sealing of joints and cracks will be classified by "Type" in accordance with the following: Type I: Cleaning and sealing of joints and cracks that will not be covered by a bituminous overlay. Type II: Cleaning and sealing of joints and cracks that will be covered by a bituminous overlay.

454.02Materials

The sealant shall be either a Hot Applied Joint Sealant or a Cold Applied Joint Sealant as shown on the plans. Joint sealants shall meet the requirements given in Section 832 for joint and crack sealants.

454.03Construction Requirements

The Contractor shall submit descriptions of all equipment proposed for use in sawing the joints, routing the cracks, cleaning the joints and cracks and placing the sealant. The submittal shall also consist of the operational guidelines from the equipment manufacturer. The Contractor shall deliver the submittal to the Engineer for review. The Engineer will not approve the submittal but will review it for completeness. The Engineer will prohibit the use of equipment that may damage the pavement or result in a joint or crack that cannot be sealed. Equipment shall not be brought to the worksite until the Engineer informs the Contractor that the submittal is complete.

The old joint sealant material and other debris shall be removed from the joint. Material placed to form an expansion joint during the original construction of the pavement shall not be removed. The joint shall then be cut with a concrete saw to provide the shape and size of joint shown on the plans. The concrete saw shall be a saw that is designed for cutting concrete. If water is used to facilitate cutting, the resulting slurry shall be completely removed from the joint and the pavement surfaces before it dries. Removal of the slurry shall be by flushing the joint and pavement surface with a jet of water under pressure and by the use of other tools as required by the Engineer. After the sawing, and flushing if necessary, the joint shall then be cleaned of loose material by the use of compressed air. CLEANING AND SEALING JOINTS AND CRACKS IN CONCRETE PAVEMENT 277

If further cleaning is required prior to sealing, one or more of the following cleaning methods shall be used:  Wire Brush and Muriatic Acid: The joints shall be thoroughly cleaned with a mechanical wire brush and other tools as necessary. All harmful materials such as oil, asphalt, curing compound, paint, rust and other debris shall be completely removed. After brushing, a solution of 10 % commercial muriatic acid shall be applied to the surfaces of the joint. After the foaming action of the acid has ceased, the joint shall be thoroughly flushed with water and thoroughly brushed again. After flushing and rebrushing, the joint shall be blown out with compressed air.  Sand Blasting: The joints shall be thoroughly cleaned with a sand blaster and other tools as necessary. All material such as oil, asphalt, curing compound, paint, rust and other debris shall be completely removed. After blasting, the joint shall be blown out with compressed air.  High Pressure Water Jet: The joints shall be thoroughly cleaned of all debris including old sealant. Air compressors used for cleaning joints shall be equipped with traps and filters capable of removing water and oil in the compressed air. This compressed air will be checked by the Engineer for contamination. The air compressor shall be replaced if the air contains water or oil.

Cracks shall be prepared for sealant by the cutting of a groove in the concrete with a rotary router. The groove shall be cut along the centerline of the crack to the shape and size shown on the plans. After the crack has been routed, it shall be cleaned and dried using the same procedures that are required for cleaning and drying joints.

Surfaces shall be clean and dry before the placement of the sealant. Immediately before the joint sealant is placed compressed air having a pressure of at least 90 psi {600 kPA} shall be used to blow out the joint and remove all traces of dust. If a primer is recommended by the manufacturer of the sealant, it shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. The sealant shall not be placed when the air temperature is less than 50 °F {10 °C} or is 50 °F {10 °C} and falling, unless allowed by the Engineer. The sealant may be applied by a mechanical device or by manual pouring or trowelling, unless recommended otherwise by the manufacturer. When applied mechanically or by pouring, a nozzle or pouring spout shall be shaped to fit inside the joint or crack to introduce the sealant from inside the joint or groove. After a joint or crack has been sealed, all surplus primer or sealant on the pavement surfaces shall be promptly removed. Traffic shall not be permitted over sealed joints or cracks until the sealant is tack free. In addition, the sealant shall be placed and worked to provide the shape of sealed joint or crack shown on the plans.

Spalls adjacent to joints and cracks that are smaller than 3 square inches {2000 mm²} measured across the surface of the pavement shall be cleaned with the cleaning of the joint or crack. The spall shall then be filled with sealant when the sealant is placed in the joint or crack. (The full depth of the slab may be designated for replacement in accordance with the requirements given in Section 453 where the spall is larger than 3 square inches {2000 mm²}.)

454.04Method of Measurement

The cleaning and sealing of concrete pavement joints and cracks will be measured in linear feet {meters} of joint or crack length, to the nearest 0.1 foot {0.1 m}, along the surface of the pavement.

454.05Basis of Payment

The contract unit price for cleaning and sealing concrete pavement joints and cracks shall be full compensation for sawing the joints, routing the cracks, furnishing all materials, equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals necessary to clean and seal all designated concrete pavement joints and cracks. GRINDING CONCRETE PAVEMENT SURFACES 278

454-A Cleaning and Sealing Concrete Pavement, Type * ** - per linear foot {meter} * Specify I or II ** Specify Joints or Cracks GRINDING CONCRETE PAVEMENT SURFACES

455.01Description

This Section shall cover the work of grinding Portland Cement Concrete pavement at locations shown on the plans or directed by the Engineer. The primary locations will be the right-hand lane, or truck lane, of each roadway, but may include other locations. Said grinding is intended to substantially correct joint faulting, surface drainage, skid resistance, riding characteristics and/or removal of excessive surface material.

455.02Materials

N/A

455.03Construction Requirements

It is intended that areas of the pavement surface designated by the plans or Engineer to be processed shall be ground to eliminate joint or crack faults and to provide a constant pavement cross slope within the designated grinding limits in each lane. Adjacent sides of longitudinal joints or crack shall be in the same plane. Adjacent sides of transverse joints or cracks in excess of 1/16 of an inch {2 mm} shall be reground until flush. If a progress schedule for the grinding operation is not shown on the plans, the Contractor may select his own grinding operation schedule. The grinding operation shall be expeditiously performed in a continuous operation on a traffic lane before grinding begins on a succeeding lane. The residue created by the grinding operation shall be satisfactorily removed as the grinding operation proceeds.

Grinding equipment shall be a self-propelled unit specifically designed to grind Portland Cement concrete pavement using diamond grinding blades capable of grinding the designated surfaces without causing spalls at cracks or joints or at other locations. The equipment shall be of a size, shape and dimension capable of working within the designated work limits without restricting the movement of traffic outside of the work limits. The Contractor shall provide positive means for the removal of the grinding residue before such residue is blown by traffic action or wind. Residue shall not be permitted to flow across lanes designated for traffic use or into gutters or other drainage structures.

It is the intent that the work of grinding of the pavement surface be performed under traffic. Traffic may be shifted to one lane on a 4-lane facility; but no consideration will be given to transferring traffic to one travel way during this operation. The area of pavement surfaces to be ground will be designated on the plans, unless directed otherwise by the Engineer. The construction operations shall be scheduled and prosecuted in such a manner that a uniform surface finish which eliminates the joint or crack faults while maintaining positive lateral drainage by maintaining a constant cross slope is obtained.

All preliminary work of stabilizing and repair on the main roadway shall be completed prior to commencing grinding operations. This preliminary work includes the stabilization of designated pavement slabs and removal and replacement of certain slab sections as noted by plan details or as directed by the Engineer. The entire area of the travel way designated to be ground shall be ground until the adjacent sides of joints and cracks are in the same plane, the cross slope complies with typical section