When used in a construction work zone, it shall be the contractor's responsibility to keep the tubular markers bright and clean for maximum target value. When replacement, repair or resetting of markers is necessary during traffic control in a construction work zone, such work shall be done immediately by the contractor. 707- 4 Method of Measurement: Tubular markers will be measured by the unit for each marker furnished and installed. 707- 5 Basis of Payment: The accepted quantities of tubular markers, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price each, which price shall be full compensation for the work, complete in place, as specified herein and as shown on the plans. It shall be the contractor's responsibility to reset those markers that become detached from the pavement at no additional cost to the Department. Where the Engineer determines markers are in need of repair, such repairs shall be made by the contractor and will be paid for in accordance with the provisions of Subsection 109.04 of the specifications. Where the Engineer determines markers need to be replaced, such replacement shall be made by the contractor and additional payment will be made at the contract unit price. No measurement or direct payment will be made for removing, hauling and stockpiling salvaged markers, the cost being considered as included in the cost of the contract item. SECTION 708 WATERBORNE PAVEMENT MARKINGS : 708- 1 Description: The work under this section shall consist of cleaning and preparing the pavement surface, furnishing all materials and applying white or yellow, water -borne, fast -dry or rapid- dry traff ic paint , and reflective glass beads at the locations and in accordance with the details shown on the plans, MUTCD, and associated ADOT Supplement, the requirements of these specifications, or as directed by the Engineer. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 708- 2 Materials: 708- 2.01 Pavemen t Marking Paint :
A.General: All material used in the formulation of the pavement marking paint shall meet the requirements herein specified. Any materials not specifically covered shall meet the approval of the Engineer. Only waterborne traffic paint that has been reviewed, evaluated, and approved by the ADOT Product Evaluation Program or equal, prior to the bid opening of each respective project, shall be used. Copies of the most r ecent version of the Approved Products List (APL) are available on the internet from the ADOT Research Center through its Product Evaluation Program. Certificates of Compliance conforming to the requirements of Subsection
106.05 of the specifications shall be submitted along with
precertification test results from the ADOT Central Laboratory for samples from each batch of material obtained for precertification at the production line of the manufacturer.
1.Waterborne Pavement Marking Paint: Type I (Standard): Type I (Standard) waterborne pavement marking paint shall be the traffic paint for long line and short line striping, arrows, symbols, and legends. Type I shall be used:
a.For temporary traffic control;
b.At the end of the construction work shift if the roadw ay is open to traffic over an intermediate layer of pavement while the final lift or layer of pavement has not been placed yet;
c.As a primer on the final lift or layer of pavement 30 days prior to the application of the durable pavement marking materials; and
d.During Construction on pavement that will not be resurfaced. Two applications of waterborne paint may be used, allowing 30 to 60 days between applications. Type I paint shall be capable of performing as specified herein when subjected to high traffic volumes and severe wear conditions such as repeated crossing, starting, stopping, and turning movements. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX SECTION 7 08
2.Waterborne Pavement Marking Paint: Type II (High - build): Type II (High- build) waterborne pavement marking paint shall be used for long line and short lin e striping, arrows, symbols, and legends. Type II shall be used for temporary traffic control that needs to be in place for at least 180 days, and between two construction seasons. Type II paint shall be capable of performing as specified herein when subjected to two- season projects, high traffic volumes, and severe wear conditions such as repeated crossing, starting, stopping, and turning movements.
B.Composition Requirements: The pavement marking paint shall be a ready- mixed, one component, water borne traffic line paint of the correct color, to be applied to either asphaltic or Portland cement concrete pavement. The composition of the paint shall be determined by the manufacturer. It will be the manufacturer's responsibility to produce a pigmented waterborne paint containing all the necessary co -solvents, dispersant, wetting agents, preservatives and all other additives, so that the paint shall retain its viscosity, stability and all of the properties as specified herein. Lead concentrations shall not exceed 0.009 percent by weight (90 ppm) using test method ASTM D3335. The manufacturer shall certify that the product contains no detectable concentrations of: Antimony; Arsenic; Cadmium ; Mercury; Chromium, Inorganic; Chromium, Hexavalent ; Toluene; Chlorinated solvents; Hydrolyzable chlorine derivatives; Ethylene- based glycol ethers and their acetates; and/or A carcinogen as defined in 29 CFR 1910.1200.
C.Manufacturing Formulations: The manufacturer shall formulate the pavement marking paint in a consistent manner and notify the Engineer of any change of formulation. The formulation of the paint shall be determined by the manufacturer. It will be the manufacturer's responsibility to formulate paint which will meet the quantitative and qualitative requirements of this specifi cation. Any change in the formulation of the paint shall be approved by the Engineer. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX
D.Quantitative Requirements of Mixed Paints: Table 708 -1 White Yellow Pigment: Percent by weight, ASTM D3723, Allowable variation from the qualifying sample ± 2.0 ± 2.0 Non -Volatile Content /Non -Volatile Vehicle : Percent by weight, ASTM D2369, Allowable variation from the qualifying sample ± 2.0 ± 2.0 Viscosity: Krebs Units at 77 ± 1 °F, ASTM D562 70 - 85 70 - 85 Weight per Gallon: Pounds per gallon 77 ± 1 °F, ASTM D1475 , Allowable variation from the qualifying sample ± 0.3 ± 0.3 Vehicle Composition: Vehicle Infrared Spectra, ASTM D2621, Allowable variation from the qualifying sample None None PH: ASTM E70, Allowable variation from the qualifying sample ± 1.0 ± 1.0 Fineness of Dispersion: HEGMAN, minimum, ASTM D121 3.0 3.0 Volatile Organic Compounds: Pounds per gallon of paint, maximum, ASTM D3960 according to 7.1.2. 2.1 2.1 Flash Point: Degrees F., minimum, ASTM D93, Method A 100 100 Dry Time to No Pick Up: With no beads: minutes, maximum, ASTM D711 10 10 Dry Through Time: Minutes, ASTM D1640 except no thumb pressure is used when thumb is rotated 90 ° on paint film 20 20 Flexibility: ASTM D522, Method B: Flexibility shall be tested per ASTM D522, Method
B.Draw down the paint to a wet film thickness of 0.005 inches (0.13mm) on a clean bare cold- rolled steel panel. Air -dry for 24 hours at standard conditions then bake for 5 hours at 221 °F ± 3 °F (105 °C ± 2 °C) and finally condition the panel for 30 minutes at standard conditions. When tested as specified the paint film shall not crack, chip, or flake after the test panel is bent over a ½ inch (13 mm) diameter, cylindrical mandrel. Pass Pass TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX
E.Qualitative Requirements:
1.Color of Yellow Paint: The color of the yellow paint shall closely match Federal Standard 595b, Color No. 33538.
2.Dry Opacity: Dry opacity for the paint will be determined using a black- white Leneta Chart, Form 2C Opacity, or equal , and a calibrated reflectance meter capable of determining reflectance to the nearest 1 percent . Using a 10 mil gap doctor blade, a film of paint is drawn down, covering both black and white portion s of the chart on a vacuum plate . The film shall be allowed to dry 24 hours. After calibrating the m eter according to the manufacturer's instructions, measure the reflectance over the white and black portions according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Dry Opacity for both white and yellow paint shall be at least 0.90.
3.Yellowness Index: Yellowness Index for white paint will be determined as described for dry opacity, only use a 15- mil gap doctor blade to draw down the paint. Calculate the Yellowness Index in accordance with ASTM E313. Yellowness Index for the white paint shall be a maximum of 10.
4.Reflectance: Reflectance for both white and yellow paint will be determined using the same 15- mil draw -down film as for the Yellowness Index. For white paint the same sample may be utilized for both the Yellowness Index and Reflectance. Measure the reflectance of the paint film using the reflectance meter according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Reflectance for the white paint shall be at least 85. Reflectance for the yellow paint may range from 42 to 59, inclusive.
5.UV Color Durability: UV Color Durability shall be determined using a QUV Weatherometer, with Ultra Violet Light and Condensate Exposure according to ASTM G154, for 300 hours total. The repeating cycle shall be four hours UV exposure at 140 degrees F (60 degrees C) followed by four hours condensate exposure at 104 degrees F (40 degrees C). After 300 hours of exposure, the Yellowness Index for white paint shall not exceed 12, and yellow paint shall c losely match Federal Standard 595b, Color No. 33538. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX
6.Static Heat Stability: To determine static heat stability for the paint, place 1 pint of paint in a sealed can and heat in an air circulation oven at 120 ± 1 degrees F (49 degrees C) for a period of one week. Remove the paint from the oven and check the viscosity in Krebs U nits at 77 ± 1 degrees F (25 degrees C) according to ASTM D562. The viscosity measured shall be in the range from 68 to 90 Krebs Units, inclusive. Also, check for any signs of instability.
7.Heat -Shear Stability: To determine heat -shear stability f or the paint, 1 pint of the paint is sheared in a Waring Blender at high speed to 150 degrees F (66 degrees C). The blender should have a tight fitting lid taped onto it to minimize volatile loss. When the paint reaches 150 degrees F (66 degrees C) , stop the blender, immediately pour the paint into a sample can, and apply a cover to seal the can. Let the paint cool overnight and examine for jelling or other signs of instability. Measure viscosity in Krebs Units at 77 ± 1 degrees F (25 degrees C) , according to ASTM D562. The viscosity measured shall be in the range from 68 to 95 Krebs Units, inclusive. If not within the upper limit, run total solids on the sheared paint and adjust solids, if necessary, by adding water to reach the original solids content. If the solids content required adjustment, again check the viscosity of the paint. The viscosity shall be in the range from 68 to 95 Kreb s Units, inclusive.
8.Scrub Resistance: Scrub Resistance will be determined accor ding to ASTM D2486. Use an appropriate doctor blade to provide a dry film thickness of 3 to 4 mils. Allow the paint to cure for 24 hours. Perform the scrub resistance test at 77 ± 1 degrees F (25 degrees C) and 50 ± 5 percent humidity. Record the number of cycles to remove the paint film. The number of cycles recorded shall be at least 800.
9.Spraying Properties: The paint shall be applied, in the field, at a 15 mils wet film thickness for Type I paint and 25 mils wet film thickness for Type II . Both Type I and Type II paint shall show the following properties at ambient temperatures of 50 to 100 degrees F (10 to 38 degrees C) with paint spray temperature of 150 degrees F (66 degrees C) , maximum . For Type I paint, 6 to 10 pounds of Type 1 beads shall be post -applied per gallon of paint. For Type II paint, 10 to 12 pounds of Type 3 beads shall be post -applied per gallon of paint. Beads shall conform to subsection 708- 2.02 of the specifications.
a.For rapid- dry paint applied in a mobile operation and not protected by temporary traffic control, dry to a TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX no-track condition in 60 seconds or less when the line is crossed over in a passing maneuver with a standard- sized automobile.
b.For fast -dry paint applied within an established work zone behind temporary traffic control, dry to a no- track condition in five minutes or less when the line is crossed over in a passing maneuver with a standard- sized automobile.
c.Produce a clean- cut, smooth line with no overspray or puddling.
d.Paint immediately after application shall accept glass beads so that the spheres shall be embedded into the paint film to a depth of 50 percent of their diameter.
e.Paint when heated to the temperature necessary to obtain the specified dry time, shall show no evidence of instability such as viscosity increase, jelling, or poor spray application.
10.Freeze- Thaw Properties: The paint viscosity or consistency shall not change significantly when the paint is tested for resistance to five cycles of freeze- thaw according to ASTM D2243.
11.Road Service Rating: Test stripes of the paint shall be applied transversely across the road, 4 inches in width and approximately 12 feet long at a location approved by the Engineer. Wet film thickness of the test stripes shall be approximately 15 mils for Type I and 25 mils for Type II paint as determined according to ASTM D4414 and ASTM D713 prior to test stripe application. To aid in obtaining the correct film thickness, a length of roofing paper placed by the side of the road can be used. Place a rigid metal test panel on the roofing paper in the path of a test line. Im mediately after the test line is applied by the striper, measure the wet film thickness. If not satisfactory, adjust the spray pressure and repeat until the target wet film thickness is attained. It is important that no glass beads be present that would give a false wet film thickness. When the wet film thickness is correct, apply a test line across a tared metal test panel. After this, apply another test line across a different tared metal test panel, this time also adding the beads. These samples are necessary to determine the initial bead retention. Glass beads conforming to the requirements of Subsection 708- 2.02 of the specifications (moisture proof type) shall be applied after the paint TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX has been applied, but during the same striping operation at a rate such that the initial bead retention on the test line is at least 6 pounds of beads per gallon of wet paint for Type I paint and at least 10 pounds of beads per gallon of wet paint Type II . The initial bead retention will be determined analytically by the ADOT Construction and Materials Group concurrently with the determination of the dry paint thickness utili zing tared metal test panels. The paint shall accept the glass beads so that the spheres are embedded into the paint film to a depth of 50 percent of their diameter. Test stripes will be observed for a period of 180 days from date of application. Paints will be evaluated for wear according to ASTM D 913. After 180 days of service, on a visual rating scale of 0 to 100 percent, paints shall have a rating of 90 percent or better to be acceptable. All ratings will be taken in the wheel track area. Glass beads shall show no more than a 30 percent loss after 180 days of test. This will be determined by taking close- up, before and after photographs of the paint film and by count determining the average bead loss. The road service test may be waived at the option of the Engineer or evaluated for a period of time less than 180 days.
12.Workmanship: Paint shall be free from foreign materials, such as dirt, sand, fibers from bags, or other material capable of clogging screens, valves, pumps, and other equipment used in a paint striping apparatus. The paint pigment shall be well ground and properly dispersed in the vehicle. The pigment shall not cake or thicken in the container, and shall not become granular or curdled. Any settlement of pigment in the paint shall result in a thoroughly wetted, soft mass permitting the complete and easy vertical penetration of a paddle. Settled pigment shall be easily redispersed, with minimum resistance to the sidewise manual motion of a paddle across the bottom of the container, to form a smooth uniform product of the proper consistency. If the paint cannot be easily redispersed, due to excessive pigment settlement as described above or due to any other cause, the paint shall be considered unfit for use. The paint shall ret ain all specified properties under normal storage conditions for 12 months after acceptance and delivery. The contractor shall be responsible for all costs and transportation charges incurred in replacing paint that is unfit for use. The properties of any replacement paint, as specified herein, shall remain satisfactory for eight months from the date of acceptance and delivery. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX
F.Manufacturing Requirements:
1.Inspection: The manufacturer of the paint shall furnish the Engineer free access to all parts of the plant involved in the paint manufacture, and shall furnish every reasonable facility for sampling both the paint and the raw materials during the process of manufacturing. All materials used in formulation shall meet the requirements herein specified. Any materials not specifically covered shall meet the approval of the Engineer. All manufactured paint shall be prepared at the factory ready for application. When paint is shipped to a distributor or paint applicator who will store the paint prior to its use, the distributor or paint applicator shall furnish the Engineer free access to all parts of the facility where paint is stored and shall furnish every reasonable facility for sampling the paint . Paint may also be sampled at the place of storage either at a warehouse or on the site prior to application of the paint. Application of the paint will not be permitted until the paint has been approved by the Engineer. It is the contract or's responsibility to notify the Engineer at least 14 working days prior to any traffic painting operation and to allow access at that time for paint sampling at the storage location. At least one paint sample shall be obtained from each lot of paint. Check- samples of finished paint while being applied will be taken at intervals as determined by the Engineer.
2.Precertification of Pavement Marking Paint : All tests will be conducted as specified herein.
a.General: As described in Subsection 708- 2.01(A) of the specifications, the contractor shall provide to the Engineer a Certificate of Compliance from the manufacturer and test results from the Central Laboratory for samples from each batch of material obtained for precertification at the production line of the manufacturer. If the material fails the precertification testing by Central Laboratory, the manufacturer shall not supply any pavement marking paint represented by the failing test results to ADOT projects. If the material fails the precertification testing by the Central Laboratory, the manufacturer shall not supply any pavement marking paint represented by the faili ng test results to ADOT projects. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX
b.Precertification Sampling: Sampling of pavement marking paint for precertification shall be for an active ADOT project. The manufacturer shall provide a 1 pint or 1 quart sample in a metal can of pavement marking paint fr om each batch of production that will be shipped to an ADOT project. The manufacturer shall ship the composite sample to the Central Laboratory at 1221 N. 21st Avenue Phoenix, AZ 85009, along with a Certificate of Analysis, for precertification testing. The manufacturer shall identify the pavement marking paint with the batch number, the batch quantity, the batch date, the manufacturer’s name, and the product name. Such identification shall be shown on the side of the container.
c.Central Laboratory Precerti fication Testing Responsibilities : The Central Laboratory is responsible for coordinating precertification for each batch of pavement marking paint that is to be precertified. For precertification purposes, pavement marking paint at a minimum will be teste d for color, total non- volatile percentage, pigment, non- volatile vehicle, weight per gallon, viscosity, dry time, and dry opacity in accordance with the procedures described in Subsection 708-2.01(D) and 708-2.01 (E) of the specifications. Upon completion of testing, the Central Laboratory will provide the manufacturer with a copy of the test results for each batch tested. Typically, testing will be completed within five working days of receipt of the paint sample. If the material fails the precertification testing, the manufacturer shall not supply any pavement marking paint represented by the failing test results to ADOT projects. Evidence of adulteration or improper formulation shall be cause for rejection.
d.Packaging: All shipping containers for paint shall comply with the Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regulations, Hazardous Materials and Regulation Board, Reference 49 CFR. The container and lids shall be lined with a suitable coating so as to prevent attack by the paint or by agents in the air space above the paint. The lining shall not come off the container or lid as skins. Containers shall be colored white, including lids, and containers shall have an identifying band of the appropriat e color around and within the top one third of the container. All containers shall be properly sealed with suitable gaskets, shall show no evidence of leakage, and shall remain in satisfactory condition for a period of 12 months after delivery to a distributor or paint applicator. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX The contractor shall be responsible for all costs and transportation charges incurred in replacing paint and containers.
e.Labeling : All containers of paint shall be labeled showing the manufacturer's name, date of manufactu re, paint color, product code, manufacturer's batch number, and quantity or weight of paint on both the side of the container and also the lid. Containers shall be clearly labeled Rapid Dry or Fast Dry lead- free Water borne Type I or Type II Traffic Paints. All containers of paint shall be labeled to indicate that the contents fully comply with all rules and regulations concerning air pollution control in the State of Arizona, Maricopa County. The manufacturer of the paint shall be responsibl e for proper shipping labels with reference to whether the contents are toxic, corrosive, flammable, etc., as outlined in the U.S. Department of Transportation, Hazardous Materials Regulations, Reference 49 CFR.
f.Unused Paint: Disposal of unused quantities of traffic paint shall be the responsibility of the contractor and shall meet all applicable Federal regulations for waste disposal. Paint which is saved to be used later shall be packaged as specified and shipped to a storage location. U nused paint shall be identified on the container. Unused paint may be utilized on a future project provided the paint still conforms to all specifications contained herein. 708- 2.02 Reflective Glass Beads (Spheres):
A.General: The term "glass bead" shall be synonymous with the term "glass sphere" as used herein. The beads shall be manufactured from glass of a composition designated to be highly resistant to traffic wear and to the effects of weathering. The glass beads shall be moisture- proof; contain less than 0.25 percent moisture by weight; and be free of trash, dirt, or other deleterious materials. Beads shall be essentially free of sharp angular particles showing milkiness or surface scoring or scratching. Beads shall be water white in color. Certificates of Compliance conforming to the requirements of Subsection
106.05 of the specifications shall be submitted.
TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX
B.Physical Requirements:
1.Gradation: The gradation for the drop- on beads shall conform to AASHTO M 247 Type 1 and Type 3.
2.Roundness: Glass beads shall conform to AASHTO M 247, Type 1 and Type 3. Beads retained on any screen specified in the gradation requirements shall contain at least 80 percent true spheres.
3.Index of Refraction: Glass beads shall conform to AASHTO M 247, Type 1 and Type 3.
4.Specific Gravity: The specific gravity of the beads shall be in the range 2.40 to 2.60 when tested in accordance with the following procedures: Place 100 grams in an oven at 230 degrees F ( 110 degrees C) for one hour. Remove beads and place in a desiccator until the sample is cool. Remove approximately 60 grams of beads from the desiccator and weigh the sample accurately. Pour the beads slowly into a clean 100- milliliter graduated cylinder containing 50 milliliters of isopropyl alcohol. Make certain that air is not entrapped among the beads. The total volume reading on the graduated cylinder , minus 50, will give the volume of the beads. Calculate the specific gravity as follows: Specific G ravity = Weight of the sample Volume of the sample
5.Chemical Stability: Beads which show any tendency toward decomposition, including surface etching, when exposed to atmospheric conditions, moisture, dilute acids, or alkalis or paint film constituents, may be required to demonstrate satisfactory reflectance behavior, prior to acceptance, under such tests as may be prescribed. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX
6.Hazardous Constituents: Each lot shall be tested for heavy metal concentration as specified in the following table, tested by an independent laboratory approved by the Engineer, using EPA Method 3052 and EPA Method 6010B. Table 708 -2 Heavy Metal Concentration Arsenic < 75 ppm Antimony < 75 ppm Lead < 0.009% by weight (90 ppm) The manufacturer shall certify that the product contains no detectable concentrations of other hazardous constituents, including: Cadmium ; Barium ; Mercury; Chromium, Inorganic; Chromium, Hexavalent ; and/or A carcinogen as defined in 29 CFR 1910.1200.
C.Bead Coating : All glass beads shall have a moisture- proof adhesion enhancing overlay, consisting of a properly formulated material which prevents bead clumping and clogging and promotes proper embedment and adhesion to the applied paint. Water repellent material applied during the process of bead manufacture. The beads so treated shall not absorb moisture in storage and shall remain free of clusters and lumps and shall flow freely from dispensing and testing equipment. The beads shall conform to AASHTO T 346.
D.Acceptance of Glass Beads:
1.Preapproval Sampling of Glass Beads: Sampling of glass beads shall be for an active ADOT project. For preapproval of glass beads, the Structural Materials Testing Section will obtain a sample from each lot at the striping contractor’s yard as requested by the striping contractor. At least a 1 gallon sample taken from a “super sack” shall be sampled for each lot. When sampling a lot consisting of multiple super sacks, no less than four super sacks shall be sampled, and the samples combined to make one sample. A field sample shall consist of at least a 1 gallon sample taken from the striping truck for each lot. Each field sample shall be identified with the manufacturer’s lot number. When sampling from the striping truck, the sample shall be obtained f rom the drop nozzle after 500 feet of striping has been placed. Unless the inspector suspects contamination of the glass beads, no field samples will be required for preapproved lots. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX
2.Preapproval Testing of Glass Beads: Glass beads will be tested in accor dance with Subsection 708- 2.02(B) and 708-2.02(C) of the specifications for gradation, roundness, refraction, and moisture resistance coating. For each lot of glass beads that is to be preapproved, the Structural Materials Testing Section will perform the sampling and testing. A test report with the lot number will be issued for each project the glass beads are to be used for. Upon completion of testing for preapproval, the Structural Materials Testing Section will provide the striping contractor with a copy of the test results. For glass beads that have not been preapproved, the Structural Materials Testing Section will test field samples submitted by the project. The issuance of a test report and the maintaining of a log of all lots tested w ill be completed as described for glass beads tested for preapproval. The Structural Materials Testing Section will immediately notify the project of any failing test results. 708- 3 Construction Requirements: 708- 3.01 Equipment: The traffic paint and beads shall be placed on the pavement by a spray - type, self -propelled pavement marking machine except that temporary striping during construction may be placed with other equipment designed for application of paint and beads. The application equipment to be used on roadway installation shall have, as a minimum, the following characteristic and/or apparatus:
A.Capable of applying clear -cut lines of the width specified on the project plans;
B.Equipped with a mechanical device capable of placing a broken reflectorized line with a 10- foot painted segment and a 30- foot gap; an d
C.Equipped with an air -operated glass bead drop- in dispenser controlled by the spray gun mechanism. A glass bead dispenser which is capable of placing the glass beads into the paint line as the paint is applied to the pavement shall be utilized. This dispenser shall provide satisfactory marking and delineation. 708- 3.02 Application: Pavement markings shall be applied when the pavement surface is dry and the weather is not foggy, rainy, or otherwise adverse to the application of markings. The surface shall be free from excess asphalt or other deleterious substances before traffic paint, beads or primer are TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX applied. The contractor shall remove dirt, debris, grease, oil, rocks or chips from the pavement surface before applying markings. The method of cleaning the pavement surface and removal of detrimental material is subject to approval by the Engineer and shall include sweeping and the use of high- pressure air spray. The placing of traffic markings shall be done only by personnel who are experienced in this work. Painting shall not be performed when the atmospheric temperature is below 50 degrees F (10 degrees C) when using water borne paint, nor when it can be anticipated that the atmospheric temperature will drop below 50 degrees F (10 degrees C) temperature during the drying period. Water borne paints shall not be applied if rain is expected within one hour of its application, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. Water borne paint shall not be heated to a temperature greater than 150 degrees F (66 degrees C) to accelerate drying. The volume of paint in place shall be determined by measuring the paint tank with a calibrated rod. At the discretion of the Engineer, if the striping machine is equipped with air -atomized spray units (not airless) and paint gauges, the volume of paint may be determined by utilizing said gauges. The quantity of glass reflectorizing beads in place shall be determined by measuring the glass reflectorizing bead tank with a calibrated rod. The contractor shall provide the necessary personnel and equipment to divert traffic from the installation area where the work is in progress and during drying time when, in the opinion of the Engineer, such diversion of traffic is necessary. Painted markings placed below the final surface shall be placed immediately after a change in long -term traffic patterns/configurations, when the need arises, or as directed by the Engineer. On intermediate lifts of over lay projects, painted markings shall consist of at least 4- inch wide by 4- foot long strips of reflective material, placed at 40 foot intervals. In situations involving severe degree of curvature, the Engineer may direct that the length and spacing be adjusted to 2 feet and 20 feet, respectively. These requirements apply to white lane lines separating traffic moving in the same direction and to yellow center lines for two -lane, two- way roadways in areas where passing is permitted. Painted markings shall be placed on each subsequent pavement course. Curing compound shall be removed from new concrete surfaces before the placement of painted markings. Tolerances for Placing Paint, Beads, and Primer:
A.The length of painted segment and gap shall not vary more than 6 inches in a 40- foot cycle; TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX
B.The finished line shall be smooth, aesthetically acceptable and free from undue waviness;
C.Painted lines shall be 4, 8, or 12 inches wide as shown on the plans with a tolerance of ± 1/8 inch and shall be placed at a minimum rate of 16 gallons per mile for a solid 4- inch line and 4 gallons per mile for a broken 4- inch line, based on a 10- foot stripe and a 30- foot gap (40- foot cycle aggregate) ;
D.Glass reflectorizing beads shall be applied on the wet paint . For Type I paint, 6 to 10 pounds of Type 1 beads shall be post -applied per gallon of paint. And, For Type II paint, 10 to 12 pounds of Type 3 beads shall be post -applied per gallon of paint ; and
E.Wet thickness shall not be less than 15 mils wet film thickness for Type I paint and 25 mils wet film thickness for Type II, unless otherwise shown on the plans. 708- 4 Method of Measurement: Pavement marking paint will be measured by the linear foot along the centerline of the pavement stripe. Skips in dashed lines will not be included in the measurement. Length of pavement markings will be based on a 4- inch wide stripe. Measurement for striping with a plan width greater or less than the basic 4 inches as shown on the plans or directed by the Engineer will be made by the following method: Plan Width of Striping (inches) x Linear Feet 4 (inches) Symbols and legends will be measured by each unit applied. Each legend, regardless of the number of letters, will be considered a s a single unit. 708- 5 Basis of Payment: Pavement striping of the type specified, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract price per linear foot for the total length of painted line applied to the nearest foot, which price shall be full compensation for the work, complete in place, including glass beads, as described and specified herein and on the project plans. Pavement symbols and legends measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract price for each painted symbol or leg end, which price shall be full compensation for the work, complete in place, including glass beads, as described and specified herein and on the project plans. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX SECTION 709 SECTION 709 DUAL COMPONENT PAVEMENT MARKINGS: 709- 1 Description: The work under this section shall consist of cleaning and preparing pavement surfaces and furnishing and applying either white or yellow reflectorized dual component pavement markings to the prepared pavement at the locations and in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications, the details shown on the project plans and the requirements of these specifications. The type of dual component marking system, marking configuration and thickness shall be in accordance with the project plans and these specifications. 709- 2 Materials: 709- 2.01 General Requirements: The dual component pavement marking material shall be a liquid or 100 percent solids epoxy or other dual component UV -stabilized system, formulated and designed to provide a simple volumetric mixing ratio of the two components (resin and catalyst). The characteristics of the material shall be such that complete and even coverage of specified areas to the required thickness is provided by the required application method and rate. Upon drying the dual component materi al shall produce an adherent durable reflectorized marking capable of resisting deformation and wear in the roadway. The material shall be suitable for application to old and new asphaltic concrete and Portland cement concrete pavement surfaces. A list of approved manufacturers of dual component pavement marking material is shown on the Department’s Approved Products List (APL). The most current version is available on the internet from the Arizona Transportation Research Center (ATRC), through its PRIDE program. 709- 2.02 Epoxy Composition Requirements: Epoxy pavement marking material shall conform to the following requirements:
A.Composition: The epoxy resin material shall be within the following compositional requirements: Component Percent by Weight White Yellow White Pigment (Titanium Dioxide) 18 min. --- Yellow Pigment --- 23 - 30 Epoxy Resin 75 - 82 70 - 77 TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX SECTION 709
B.Epoxide Number: The epoxide number of the epoxy shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D1652 for both white and yellow resin material on a pigment free basis. The epoxide number shall be within ± 50 of the published manufacturer’s standard for the approved product.
C.Amine Number: The amine number of the curing agent shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D2074. The amine number shall be within ± 50 of the published manufacturer’s standard for the approved product.
D.Toxicity: Upon heating to application temperature, the materi al shall not exude fumes which are toxic or injurious to persons or property.
E.Adhesion to Concrete: The epoxy marking materials, when tested according to ACI Method 503, shall have a higher degree of adhesion to the specified concrete (4,000 pounds per square inch, minimum) surface, such that there shall be a 100 percent concrete failure in the performance of this test. The samples shall be allowed to cure at room temperature (75 ± 2 degrees F,) for a minimum of 24 hours and a maximum of 72 hours prior to performing the indicated tests.
F.Hardness: The epoxy paint pavement markings material, when tested according to ASTM D2240, shall have a Shore D Hardness of between 70 to 95. The samples shall be allowed to cure at room temperature (75 ± 2 degrees F) f or a minimum of 24 hours and a maximum of 72 hours prior to performing the indicated tests.
G.Abrasion Resistance: The abrasion resistance shall be evaluated on a Taber Abrader with a 1,000 gram load and CS -17 wheels. The duration of the test shall be 1,000 cycles. The wear index shall be calculated based on ASTM C501, and the wear index for the dual component material shall not be more than 90 milligrams. The test shall be performed on cured samples of material which have been applied, without glass beads, at a film thickness of 0.020 ± 0.0005 inches to code S -16 stainless steel plates. The samples shall be allowed to cure at room temperature (75 ± 2 degrees F) for a minimum of 24 hours and a maximum of 72 hours prior to performing the indicated tests. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX SECTION 709
H.Tensile Strength: When tested in accordance with ASTM D638, the epoxy marking materials shall have an average tensile strength of not less than 6,000 pounds per square inch. The Type IV specimens shall be cast in a suitable mold and pulled at a rate of 1/ 4 inch per minute by a suitable dynamic testing machine. The samples shall be allowed to cure at room temperature (75 ± 2 degrees F) for a minimum of 24 hours and a maximum of 72 hours prior to performing the indicated tests.
I.Compressive Strength: When tested according to ASTM D695, the epoxy pavement marking materials shall have an average compressive strength of not less than 11,000 pounds per square inch. The samples shall be allowed to cure at room temperature (75 ± 2 degrees F) for a minimum of 24 hours and a maximum of 72 hours prior to performing the indicated tests.
J.Retroreflectance: All white and yellow pavement marking materials shall have the following minimum retroreflectance values when measured by the Departm ent, in accordance with ASTM E1710 within 30 days of application, but no sooner than three days after application to the roadway surface. Retroreflectance readings should be performed in accordance with Subsection 709- 3.03(B) of the specifications. Product Retroreflectance (Millicandelas) White 200 Yellow 150 Additionally, all white and yellow markings placed in the field shall also exhibit the same minimum retroreflectance values 30 days after application to the roadway surface. Markings not complying shall be removed and replaced at no additional cost to the Department.
K.Color: The colors of the applied markings shall conform to the following requirements:
1.The white color shall match Federal Test Standard Number 595B, color chip no. 37875; and
2.The yellow color shall match Federal Test Standard Number 595B, color chip no. 33583. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX SECTION 709
L.Yellowness Index: The whit e material shall not exceed a yellowness index of 23 when tested in accordance with ASTM D1925. The index shall be based on a sample which has been cured for 72 hours at room temperature (75 ± 2 degrees F) and exposed in the QUV chamber for 72 hours.
M.Viscosity: The formulations of each component part shall be such that the viscosity of both parts, when measured in accordance with ASTM D2196, Method A, shall be within 10 percent of each other at the recommended spray temperature.
N.Curing and No -Track Time: No-track time shall be defined as the time necessary for the epoxy marking to cure to a no- track condition. The epoxy marking, when properly applied with the required gradations and bead application rates per gallon, shall cure to a no- track condition, w hen tested in accordance with ASTM D711, within 30 minutes at 40 degrees F, and no more than 20 minutes at temperatures of 70 degrees F or more. The applied epoxy material shall be capable of fully curing at a minimum pavement surface temperature of 32 deg rees F. At room temperature (75 ± 2 degrees F), a sample shall be capable of curing to full strength in 72 hours.
O.Storage Life: The materials shall meet the requirements of this specification for a period of at least one year from the date of manufacture. The month and year of manufacture shall be clearly marked on all containers. Product MSDS information shall be attached to material containers at all times. Any material which does not meet the above requirements, or which is no longer within this one- year period at the time of application, shall not be used unless approved by the Engineer. The contractor shall replace any outdated material with material meeting the above performance and time requirements at no additional cost to the Depart ment.
P.Testing and Certificates: When requested by the Engineer, the contractor shall provide liquid samples of the catalyst and resins in appropriate containers for testing. Certificates of Analysis conforming to Subsection 106.05 of the specifications shall be submitted for all materials, and shall include the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX SECTION 709 709- 2.03 Glass Beads: The glass beads shall be colorless, transparent, free from milkiness or excessive air bubbles, and essentially clean from surface scarring or scratching. They shall be spherical in shape, and at least 70 percent are to be true spheres when tested in accordance with ASTM D1155, Procedure A. The refractive index of the spheres shall be a minimum of 1.5 as determined by the liquid immersion method A 25 DC. The silica content of the glass beads shall not be less than 60 percent. The beads shall have the following gradation when tested in accordance with ASTM D1214: TYPE A GLASS BEADS (Large Bead) Sieve No. % Retained 10 0 12 0 - 5 14 5 - 25 16 40 - 80 18 10 - 40 20 0 - 5 Pan 0 - 2 TYPE B GLASS BEADS (Small Bead) Sieve No. % Retained 20 0 - 5 30 5 - 25 50 30 - 75 80 9 - 32 100 0 - 5 Pan 0 - 2 The Type A and B glass beads shall have a moisture- proof coating, and shall be dual -coated with a silane- type adherence coating. The glass beads shall display no tendency to absorb moisture in storage, and shall remain free of clusters and lumps. The beads shall flow freely from dispensing equipment at the time of application. The moisture- resistance of the glass beads shall be determined in accordance with Subsection 708- 2.02(C) of the specifications. Heavy metal concentration in glass beads shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 708- 2.02(B)(6) of the specifications. Cert ificates of Analysis conforming to the requirements of Subsection
106.05 of the specifications shall be submitted for the glass beads to be
used on the dual component pavement marking systems. The certificate shall also include a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX SECTION 709 709- 3 Construction Requirements: 709- 3.01 Equipment: The pavement marking equipment for longitudinal lines shall have a system capable of spraying both yellow and white dual component pavement markings. The marking vehicle shall be of sufficient size and stability with an adequate power supply to produce lines of uniform dimension, with square edges, and proper mix of the two component parts to ensure proper application. The equipment shall be capable of placing markings and applying glass beads at both the left and right sides of the truck, and placing two lines simultaneously with either line in a solid or intermittent pattern in either yellow or white. All sprayers shall be in full view of the operators at all times. The equipment shall be provided with a metering device to register the accumulated installed pavement marking for each sprayer, each day. The contractor shall provide a certificate from the American Traffic Safety Services Association (A.T.S.S.A.), or equivalent documentation, to the Engineer to verify that the driver and operator of the application truck are fully train ed and experienced in the application of the dual component marking system being applied. The equipment shall include pressure gauges for each proportioning pump which are visible to the operator at all times, so that any fluctuations can be detected immediately during the marking operations. The longitudinal line application vehicle shall be equipped with high pressure air spray jets in front of the striping material and glass bead applicators to remove loose matter on the pavement surface where the marki ng material is to be applied. The vehicle shall be equipped with two separate glass bead supply tanks and two glass bead dispensers per each marking material sprayer. The contractor shall provide documentation to the Engineer that bead dispensers are specifically manufactured for the glass bead application rates contained herein. When Type A gradations of glass beads are applied, the vehicle shall be equipped with high- capacity cone- shaped pressure or gravity dispensers. All bead dispenser outlets shall have enclosed wind shrouds or equivalent devices to direct the glass beads as they are applied. The shroud may include an opening which faces the operator so that the flow rate of the glass beads can be monitored. The bottom of the shr oud shall be mounted within 3 to 4 inches of the pavement surface and be configured to allow for even distribution of glass beads on the applied markings. Equipment for the application of transverse lines, longitudinal lines less than 200 feet in length, l egends and symbols shall be either a hand wand attachment to a longitudinal line application vehicle, or a separate motorized trailer application system. Application equipment for short or transverse lines, legends, and symbols can be suitable for only one color. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX SECTION 709 709- 3.02 Application:
A.Placement Locations: Dual component pavement markings shall be as shown on the plans, except that marking lines shall not be placed on parallel construction or expansion joints. Longitudinal lines shall be offset to provide a minimum of 1 inch of clearance from parallel construction and expansion joints unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
B.Material Inspection: All dual component pavement marking materials and glass beads will be inspected and approved by the Engineer prior to their application. The contractor shall also provide samples of said materials if requested by the Engineer. All materials shall be properly packaged and stored. Each container to be used on the project shall be clearly labeled to indicate the f ollowing information (as applicable):
1.Nature, type, color and formulation of the material;
2.Manufacturer, batch number and date of manufacture;
3.Application requirements and constraints; and
4.MSDS information. Storage, preparation and application equipment sh all be in accordance with the plans, specifications and the recommendations of the materials manufacturer. The contractor shall dispose of excess materials, spilled materials, cleaning fluids and all empty material containers at a site approved by the Engi neer.
C.Equipment Inspections and Deficiencies: The contractor shall make daily maintenance and operation inspections of all application equipment to ensure that it is operable with the requirements of the specifications. The contractor shall inform the Engineer of any equipment breakdowns, intermittent malfunctions or other conditions that may impact the proper application of specified markings. Any equipment judged to be unsuitable by the Engineer shall be repaired or replaced.
D.Pavement Surface: The contractor shall remove all dirt, dust, grease, oil or other detrimental material from the road surface prior to application of the dual component material. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX SECTION 709 Existing temporary or permanent traffic markings shall be removed by abrasive blasting or grinding unt il a minimum of 85 percent of the underlying pavement is visible, unless otherwise recommended by the materials manufacturer. The method of abrasive blasting and grinding is subject to approval by the Engineer. The contractor shall clean the surface by sweeping and with high- pressure air spray, unless otherwise recommended by the materials manufacturer. The contractor shall minimize any interference between temporary pavement markings and the permanent dual component pavement markings. When dual component markings are to be applied to new Portland cement concrete pavement, any curing compound present shall be removed by means of a high- pressure water jet or sandblasting, followed by sweeping and high- pressure air spray. The curing compound shall be removed at least 1 inch beyond the width of the marking to be installed.
E.Pavement Temperature and Condition: Dual component pavement markings shall not be applied to new asphaltic concrete pavements for a minimum of 30 days after the pavement has been placed. The roadway surface temperature at the time of application shall be a minimum of 40 degrees F and shall be rising. The air temperature and wind chill factor shall not be below 35 degrees F. Additionally, the road surface shall be dry with no standing water or significant surface dampness or dew. The pavement surface temperatures shall be measured one half hour prior to the start of the striping installation activities, and every one to two hours after that until the end of the day if the temperature is judged by the Engineer to be critical. For elevation changes greater than 1,000 feet, temperature readings at the highest elevation shall govern unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. The pavement surface temperature shall be measured with a standard surface temperature or an infrared non- contact thermometer. The Engineer may require temperature readings to be taken at shorter time intervals.
F.Application Calibration Requirements: Prior to the start of all marking application operations, the film thickness, width and bead application rates shall be calibrated as specified below in the presence of the Engineer. If at any time a condition changes, or the required application rates are not being achieved, the contractor shall repeat the calibration process if so directed by the Engineer. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX SECTION 709
1.Film Thickness and Width Calibration for Longitudinal Lines: The required application speed for the pavement marking vehicle shall be determined prior to the start of each day’s marking operations. The equipment needed to calibrate paint wet film thickness and width are a stopwatch, metal sample plates 4 by 12 inches minimum, wet film thickness gauge, measuring tape, and a roll of tar paper. The paint film applicat ion thickness, width and speed shall be calibrated using the following procedure: Step 1 - A 30 -foot length of 4 foot wide tar paper shall be rolled out and attached to the pavement in an area where the striping vehicle can achieve and maintain a speed of up to ten miles per hour without impacting traffic. The tar paper shall be secured to the pavement surface with duct tape so that it is laying flat. Three metal sample plates shall be placed 3 to 4 feet (apart and duct -taped down near the end of the 30- foot test distance. Step 2 - The striping vehicle shall install a stripe, without glass beads, on the tar paper for the marked 30- foot distance and over the sample plates. The time that it takes the striping vehicle to apply the 30 feet (of test stripe shall be measured and then equated to a mile per hour application speed. Additionally, the velocity of the striping vehicle shall be noted by the driver. The contractor shall remove any test stripes which extend beyond the tar paper. Step 3 - Immediately af ter the test stripe has been installed, the wet film thickness on all three metal plates shall be measured, as specified in ASTM D1212, using a wet film thickness gauge. The device shall be inserted into the wet paint to the depth of the metal, in accorda nce with the manufacturer’s recommendations, and the thickness visually noted. If a wet thickness gauge is used, the manufacturer's directions shall be followed. The stripe distribution on the sample plates will be inspected for width, edge definition, and overall visual appearance. Step 4 - Steps 2 and 3 shall be repeated until the optimum paint application speed, material flow settings, and sprayer heights are determined, and the atomizing pressures are established, such that an even clearly- defined str ipe of the required width and thickness is produced. Additionally, spot checks of the applied wet film thickness shall be made by the contractor throughout the day. Random spot checks of the paint thickness will also be made by the Engineer to ensure conf ormance with the required criteria. The contractor shall inspect the wet film thickness immediately after the marking paint is applied by inserting a wet film TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX SECTION 709 thickness gauge, with graduations of 0.001 inch into the wet paint to the depth of the pavement surface, in accordance with ASTM D1212. The thickness determined through spot checking shall be within 0.002 inches of the required thickness. If the applied thickness is not within the tolerance specified above, or the width of the line is less than required, all striping operations shall stop, and adjustments shall be made such that the required thickness or width is achieved. If after three consecutive adjustments the required width or thickness are still not being achieved, all striping operations shall be halted and the contractor shall repeat the calibration procedures herein specified before striping operations can start again.
2.Glass Bead Flow Calibration for Longitudinal Lines: The glass bead application rates shall be calibrated at the beginning of each day’s marking operation, after the marking paint application speed has been determined. The equipment needed to calibrate the bead flow is a stopwatch, 1000- milliliter beaker graduated at 50- milliliter intervals, a bead calibration chart (available from glass bead manufacturers), and two 5- gallon buckets. The bead calibration charts shall equate the volume of beads measured through the calibration process to the required glass bead application rate in pounds per gallon of dual component m arking paint applied. The chart shall also include the required application speed in miles per hour to achieve the specified glass bead application rate. The glass bead application rate shall be calibrated using the following procedure: Step 1 - With the striping vehicle stopped and the paint sprayer off, place a bucket under the bead dispenser. Step 2 - Turn the bead dispenser on for five seconds. Step 3 - Pour the beads into the beaker and measure the volume. Step 4 - Using the bead calibration chart fo r the required thickness of paint, find the required bead application rate, the measured volume of beads in the beaker, and the resulting application speed. Step 5 - If the beaker volume is less than the chart value, increase the bead flow. If the beaker volume is more than the chart value, decrease the bead flow. Step 6 - Repeat Steps 2 through 5 until the required speed for the specified bead application rate matches the required paint application speed as determined in Subsection 709- 3.02(F)(1) of the s pecifications. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX SECTION 709 Once all application speed and settings have been calibrated, the contractor shall lay a test strip of the dual component paint marking at the specified width, thickness, and glass bead density. The test strip shall be placed on a 20- foot l ength of 4- foot wide tar paper, with two 4 by 12- inch sample plates spaced ten feet apart. The contractor shall provide the two sample plates from the test strip to the Engineer. The plates shall indicate the date, project number, project name, thickness , bead application rate and contractor name on the back. The Engineer may have these plates tested per the requirements of Subsection 709- 2.02(J) of the specifications. All calibration activities shall be done in the presence of the Engineer.
3.Thickness and Glass Bead Calibration for Transverse Markings, Symbols and Legends: Calibration of thickness for transverse markings, symbols and legends prior to construction will not be required. The contractor shall inspect the wet film thickness immediately after the marking paint is applied by inserting a wet film thickness gauge, with graduations of 0.001 inch, into the wet paint to the depth of the pavement surface, in accordance with ASTM D1212. The thickness determined through spot checking shall be within 0 .002 inches of the required thickness. Random spot checks of the marking thickness will also be made by the Engineer to ensure conformance with the required criteria. Bead application rates shall be determined by pre- weighing, in a clearly marked container, the amount of beads required for each transverse marking, symbol or legend. The contractor shall determine the amount of beads required for each individual application, and provide documentation to the Engineer for approval prior to application.
G.Marki ng Application: The standard application thickness and bead gradations types and rates for dual component markings shall be as follows:
1.Longitudinal Lines:
a.Standard: For asphaltic concrete pavements placed at elevations under 4,000 feet, dual component markings shall be 0.025 ± 0.002 inches thick with a bead application rate of 8 pounds of Type A glass beads per gallon of paint, followed immediately with 8 pounds of Type B glass beads per gallon of paint. For asphaltic concrete pavements placed at elevations equal to or above 4,000 feet, the thickness shall be the same; however, the bead application rate shall be 26 pounds of Type B glass beads per gallon of paint. For PCCP pavements placed at elevations under 4,000 feet, dual component markings shall be 0.020 ± 0.002 inches thick with a bead TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX SECTION 709 application rate of 9 pounds of Type A glass beads per gallon of paint, followed immediately with 9 pounds of Type B glass beads per gallon of paint. For PCCP pavements placed at elevations equal to or above 4,000 feet, the thickness shall be the same; however, the bead application rate shall be 24 pounds of Type B glass beads per gallon of paint.
b.Special (when shown on the bidding schedule): For asphaltic concrete pavements placed at elevations under 4,000 feet, dual component markings shall be 0.020 ± 0.002 inches thick with a bead application rate of 9 pounds of Type A glass beads per gallon (of paint, followed immediately with 9 pounds of Type B glass beads per gallon of paint. For asphaltic concrete pavements placed at elevations equal to or above 4,000 feet (the thickness shall be the same; however, the bead application rate shall be 24 pounds of Type A glass beads per gallon of paint. No reductions in thickness will be allowed for PCCP pavements.
2.Transverse Lines, Symbols, and Legends: The thickness of dual component pavement markings for transverse lines, symbols, and legends shall be 0.025 ± 0.002 inches with a bead applicat ion rate of 26 pounds of Type A beads per gallon of paint for all surfaces and at any elevation. An epoxy application thickness of 0.025 ± 0.002 inches may be allowed on bridge decks if the majority of the project is AC pavement, and if approved by the Eng ineer. No additional payment will be made for the increased thickness if so allowed. For longitudinal lines, the drop- on glass beads shall be mechanically deposited, at the specified rates, into the dual component marking material immediately after it is applied. The bead dispenser device shall evenly distribute the beads such that the top layer of beads are embedded in the surface of the marking to a depth of 50 to 60 percent of the bead diameter. Should the glass beads not adhere, or the top layer sink into the marking beyond the required embedment depth, operations shall be stopped until the problem has been corrected. All markings which do not meet the requirements of Subsection 709- 2.02(J) of the specifications shall be removed and replaced by the contractor at no additional cost to the Department. Transverse lines, longitudinal lines less than 200 feet in length, legends and symbols shall be applied with a hand wand attachment to a longitudinal line application vehicle, or with a separate motorized trailer application system. Pre- cut templates shall be used for all short or transverse lines, legends, and symbols, and shall provide neat and square marking edges. Beads shall be hand- applied, and shall be evenly distributed over the markings using pre- measured buckets. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX SECTION 709 The finished dual component marking line shall have well -defined edges and be free from waviness. Lateral deviation of the marking line shall not exceed 1 inch in 100 feet. The longitudinal deviation of a marking line and gap shall not vary more than 6 inches in a 40 foot cycle. The actual width of marking line shall be within the limits specified in the following table, according to the width of line called for on the plans: Plan Width Actual Width 4 inches 4 to 4 -1/2 inches 8 inches 8 to 9 inches Over 8 inches ± 1 inch After application and sufficient drying time, the dual component marking shall show no appreciable deformation or discoloration under local traffic conditions in an air or road temperature ranging from - 10 to + 180 degrees F. The drying time shall be defined as the minimum elapsed time, after application, when the dual component pavement markings shall have and retain the characteristics required herein, and after which normal traffic will leave no impression or imprint on the newly applied marking. Drying time for epoxy materials shall be defined as the no- track time as specified in Subsection 709- 2.02(N) of the specifications. The contractor shall protect the newly applied dual component pavement markings fr om traffic during the required drying time.
H.Material Applied: The contractor shall provide a full accounting of all marking material and glass beads applied. Prior to the start of striping operations and after the calibration procedures, the contractor shall provide the Engineer with a detailed quantity summary which specifies the gallons of marking material and pounds of glass beads needed to achieve the specified marking configuration. The contractor shall record these quantities each day in a log book. The Engineer and contractor will monitor the quantity of beads and paint applied each day, and compare the values to the anticipated quantity. The quantities of paint and beads actually applied shall be within ± 5 percent of the anticipated calculated values for each day’s striping operation. The contractor shall determine the cause of any larger variations, and make necessary corrections before the next striping application shift. The log book quantities shall be agreed on after each day, and signed and dated by both the contractor and the Engineer. 709- 3.03 Samp ling and Testing of In -Place Dual Component Pavement Marking Material:
A.Thickness Testing: Random spot checks of the dual component pavement marking thickness will be made by the Engineer to ensure conformance with the required criteria. Suggested spot check procedures include the following: TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX SECTION 709 Wet: Thickness can be field tested immediately after the dual component marking is applied on a metal sample plate. The thickness will be tested using a wet film thickness gauge. The device shall be inserted into the wet dual component markings to the depth of the metal and visually noted. The manufacturer’s directions for use of the gauge shall be followed. The plate should remain in place and not be moved before thickness testing is completed. Dried: Thickness can be field tested by placing a small flat sheet of metal or duct tape with a known thickness immediately ahead of the striping apparatus. After striping, remove the sample and use a suitable measuring device, such as a caliper or micrometer, to determine the thickness of the dried marking. Thickness will be tested at a minimum of two locations, randomly selected in any given mile, using the “Dried” method. The thickness measurement includes glass beads. Thickness sampling locations do not require reapplic ation over the gaps created when removing tape/plate. Thickness will be measured with a digital caliper capable of measuring to the nearest thousandth of an inch.
B.Retroreflectance Testing: The Department will notify the contractor 72 hours prior to testing. Retroreflectance testing will be performed every 0.2 mile, with four readings taken at each location. The four readings will be taken randomly within a 10 foot section. The average of the four readings shall be the result for that location. Should the average of these readings not meet the required retroreflectance values, a second test of four readings will be performed 50 foot forward from the failing test. The higher average value of the two tests will determine the results for that location. The Department will provide raw test results to the contractor. Retroreflectance testing will be performed in the direction of traffic. On roadways where yellow stripes separate opposing traffic, testing is done in both directions (two locations per 0.2 miles, one in each direction). Transverse and symbol markings will not be subject to retroreflectance testing. Longitudinal lines less than 0.2 miles (such as 12 inch white turn lanes), regardless of length, must be tested. A single test of four readings shall be taken at the approximate midpoint of each line. Should the average of these readings not meet the required retroreflectance values, a second test of four readings will be performed at the approximate half way point between the midpoint and the end. The higher average value of the two tests will determine the results for that location. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX SECTION 709 All markings that fail to meet these minimums will require reapplication and retesting of striping materials. Reapplication shall start from the location of a passing test, across the failure area(s), to the next passing test location. For dual component sections applied on asphalt determined to be deficient in retroreflectance, a second application of 20 mils shall be applied. The reapplication does not require removal of the deficient section. For dual component applied on both PCCP and concrete bridge decks that are determined to be deficient in retroreflectance, the failing application shall be removed and reapplied. Depending on the extent of failing pavement markings, it may not be practical to retest with the reflectometer. In that case, the Department may perform a visual nighttime inspection. If the striping appears as bright as or brighter than the adjacent striping that meets the required retroreflectance, the Engineer may accept the reapplication. Should retests for the reapplication of dual component pavement markings fail to meet the required minimum retroreflectance, the contractor shall remove the entire stripe down to the road surface. 709- 4 Meth od of Measurement: Dual component white and yellow longitudinal pavement markings, and transverse markings such as cross- walks and stop bars, will be measured by the linear foot along the center line of the pavement stripe, and will be based on a 4 -inch wide stripe. Skips in dashed lines will not be included in the measurement. Measurement for striping with a plan width greater or less than the basic 4 inches, as shown on the plans or directed by the Engineer, will be made by the following met hod: Plan Width of Striping, (inches) x Linear Feet 4 (inches) Double marking lines, consisting of two 4-inch wide stripes, will be measured as two individual marking lines. Crosswalk lines, stop bars, stop lines, gore lines, cross hatch lines, chevro n lines and railroad marking transverse lines will be measured for centerline length and adjusted for widths other than 4 inches, as defined above. Dual component pavement marking symbols, such as a diamond, or single, double, or triple arrow, will be measured by the unit applied. Each pavement symbol, as shown on the plans, will be considered a unit. Dual component pavement marking legends, defined as a complete letter grouping such as "SCHOOL," "XING," "STOP," “RR,” or "ONLY," will be measured by each unit applied. Each pavement legend, as shown on the plans, will be considered a unit. No separate measurement or payment will be made for cleaning the surface, including sweeping and high- pressure air spray; or for calibration of the bead and paint applicat ion rates; or for disposal of TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX
Source: Arizona Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2021 Edition. Pages – of 1,296.