Pavement Striping Art. 780.04 PAVEMENT MARKING SECTION 780. PAVEMENT STRIPING
780.01 Description. This work shall consist of furnishing and applying
pavement marking.
780.02 Materials. Materials shall be according to the following.
Item Article/Section
a.Thermoplastic Pavement Markings .................................................... 1095.01
b.Paint Pavement Markings .................................................................. 1095.02
c.Preformed Plastic Pavement Markings .............................................. 1095.03
d.Epoxy Pavement Markings ................................................................ 1095.04
e.Preformed Thermoplastic Pavement Markings .................................. 1095.05
f.Glass Beads for Pavement Markings ................................................. 1095.07
g.Polyurea Pavement Markings ............................................................ 1095.08
h.Modified Urethane Pavement Markings ............................................. 1095.09
780.03 Equipment. Equipment shall be according to Section 1105.
CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
780.04 General. All pavement markings shall be applied between April 1 and
November 15. Thermoplastic, epoxy, modified urethane, and polyurea pavement markings shall only be applied by Contractors on the list of approved Contractors maintained by the Engineer of Operations and in effect on the date of advertisement for bids. Specific pavement marking materials shall only be applied to compatible pavement surfaces in accordance with IDOT Departmental Policy TRA-14. Longitudinal pavement markings on highways with permanent posted speed limits of 55 mph or greater and on freeways shall be placed with truck mounted equipment. Longitudinal markings on highways with permanent posted speed limits of 50 mph and lower shall be placed with truck mounted equipment unless hand operated equipment is approved at selected locations by the Engineer according to
Article 1105 — 01(b).
Before applying the pavement marking material, the pavement shall be cleaned according to the manufacturer. Widths, lengths, and shapes of the cleaned surface shall be of sufficient size to include the full area of the specified pavement markings to be placed. Pavement cleaning shall be approved by the Engineer prior to placement of markings. The edge of a center line or lane line shall be offset a minimum distance of 2 in. (50 mm) from a longitudinal crack or joint. Edge lines shall be approximately 2 in. (50 mm) from the edge of pavement. The finished center and lane lines shall be straight, with a maximum lateral deviation of 1 in. (25 mm) for any 10-ft (3-m) line. Art. 780.04 Pavement Striping Pavement marking words and symbols shall conform closely to the dimensions and spacing specified in the MUTCD and the plans. Deviations from the required dimensions and spacing or other departures from reasonable standards of professionalism will be cause for rejection by the Engineer. The letters and symbols shall be as specified in Table 1 of Article 780.14.
780.05 Grooving. When grooving for recessed pavement marking is
specified, the Contractor shall supply the Engineer with a copy of the pavement marking material manufacturer’s recommendations for constructing a groove. The grooves shall be constructed using the following methods.
a.Wet Cutting Head Operation. When water is required or used to cool the cutting head, the groove shall be flushed with high pressure water immediately following the cut and away from traffic to avoid build up and hardening of slurry in the groove. The pavement surface shall be allowed to dry for a minimum of 24 hours prior to the final cleaning of the groove and application of the pavement marking material.
b.Dry Cutting Head Operation. When used on HMA pavements, the groove shall be vacuumed or cleaned by blasting with high-pressure air to remove loose aggregate, debris, and dust generated during the cutting operation. When used on PCC pavements, the groove shall be flushed with high pressure water or shot blasted to remove any PCC particles that may have become destabilized during the grooving process. If high pressure water is used, the pavement surface shall be allowed to dry for a minimum of 24 hours prior to the final cleaning of the groove and application of the pavement marking material. Grooving shall not cause ravels, aggregate fractures, spalling, or disturbance of the joints to the underlying surface of the pavement. Grooves shall be cut into the pavement prior to the application of the pavement marking material. Grooves shall be cut such that the width is 1 in. (25 mm) greater than the width of the pavement marking line as specified on the plans. Grooves for letters and symbols shall be cut in a square or rectangular shape so that the entire marking will fit within the limits of the grooved area. The position of the edge of the grooves shall be a minimum of 2 in. (50 mm) from the edge of all longitudinal joints. The depth of the groove shall not be less than the manufacturer’s recommendations for the pavement marking material specified, and according to the following. Pavement Marking Material Groove Depth, mils (mm) Preformed Plastic, Thermoplastic, and Preformed Thermoplastic 155 ± 45 (3.94 ± 1.14) Paint, Epoxy, Polyurea, and Modified Urethane 60 ± 20 (1.52 ± 0.51) The cutting head shall be operated at the appropriate speed in order to prevent undulation of the cutting head and grooving at an inconsistent depth. For new HMA pavements, grooves shall not be installed within 10 days of the placement of the final course of pavement. Pavement Striping Art. 780.06 The groove shall be cleaned with high pressure air blast immediately prior to the application of the pavement marking material or primer sealer.
780.06 Thermoplastic. Prior to applying the thermoplastic pavement
markings, the existing pavement markings shall be removed according to Section 783. The area removed shall be no wider than the width of the existing pavement markings. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer 72 hours prior to the placement of the thermoplastic markings. At the time of this notification, the Contractor shall indicate the manufacturer and lot numbers of thermoplastic and glass beads he/she intends to use. The compound shall be installed in a molten state at a minimum temperature of 400 °F (205 °C) and a maximum temperature of 475 °F (245 °C). Scorching or discoloration of material will be cause for rejection by the Engineer. The machinery shall be constructed so all mixing and conveying parts, up to and including the shaping-die, maintain the material in a molten state. Thermoplastic pavement markings shall be applied only when the pavement temperature is 55 °F (13 °C) or above. A binder sealer shall be applied on all hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements over 60 days old where the new thermoplastic material is to be installed. The binder sealer material shall be applied as recommended by the manufacturer of the thermoplastic and in sufficient quantities to entirely cover the surface on which the thermoplastic is to be applied. The thermoplastic material shall be applied at a thickness of not less than 100 mils (2.50 mm) but no greater than 110 mils (2.75 mm). Finished lines shall be within 1/4 in. (6 mm) of the width specified in the plans. Thermoplastic markings shall be placed with drop on glass beads according to
Article 1095 — 01, uniformly applied to ensure adequate nighttime retroreflectivity. It
shall be the Contractor's responsibility to use a compatible combination of thermoplastic material and beads to preclude the surface beads from sinking deeply into the thermoplastic. The thickness of the markings will be measured above the pavement surface at random points as selected by the Engineer, to determine conformance.
a.If the measurements show less than 100 mils (2.50 mm), the Engineer will "chip" the edges of the markings at random points and measure the thickness of the chips to determine if the overall thickness of the markings is at least 100 mils (2.50 mm). When either the overall thickness or the thickness above the pavement surface is substantially in conformance with the thickness requirements, payment will be made at 100 percent of the contract unit prices involved.
b.If the thickness at a given location is less than 100 mils (2.50 mm), additional measurements will be taken on each side of the location by the Engineer to determine the extent of the deficient portion of the marking. If Art. 780.06 Pavement Striping the average thickness of the deficient portion is less than 100 mils (2.50 mm) but more than 60 mils (1.50 mm), an adjusted unit price of 50 percent of the contract unit price involved will be used in computing payment for the area which is deficient.
c.If the measurements show the average thickness to be less than 60 mils (1.50 mm), the Contractor shall remove the surface of the deficient portions of the markings sufficiently to reduce the average thickness to approximately 50 mils (1.25 mm) or less. The Contractor shall then apply additional thermoplastic material and beads to bring the thickness of the markings to at least 100 mils (2.50 mm) and the retroreflectivity to the minimum required values.
780.07 Paint. Paint pavement markings shall be applied only when the air
temperature is 50 °F (10 °C) or above. The paint shall be applied at a minimum thickness of 16 mils (406 µm) and beads shall be applied to all painted surfaces at the minimum rate of 6.0 lb/gal (720 g/L) of paint used.
780.08 Preformed Plastic. Preformed plastic pavement markings shall be
applied by means of a pressure-sensitive, precoated adhesive or liquid contact cement which shall be applied at the time of installation according to the following. Material Type for Various Applications Inlaid Standard Standard in Recessed Groove 1/ New HMA Type B and C Type B and C Type B and D New PCC, Existing PCC, and Existing HMA - Type B and C Type B and D 1/ Contrast preformed plastic pavement markings shall only be applied in a recessed groove. Cleaning operations shall not begin until a minimum of 30 days after the placement of new portland cement concrete pavement. When recommended by the manufacturer, a primer sealer shall be applied on all pavement surfaces where preformed plastic pavement marking material is to be applied. The primer sealer shall be recommended by the manufacturer of the preformed plastic pavement marking material and shall be compatible with the material being used. The primer sealer shall be applied in sufficient quantities to entirely cover the pavement surface where the plastic material is to be placed, or if grooving is specified, the entire bottom of the groove. The Contractor shall not install the preformed plastic pavement markings as soon as possible after the primer sealer cures according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
a.Inlaid Application. On freshly placed HMA, the inlaid markings shall be applied before final compaction and when the pavement temperature has Pavement Striping Art. 780.11 cooled to approximately 150 °F (65 °C) and when, in the opinion of the Engineer, the pavement is acceptable for vehicular traffic. The markings shall be applied at a minimum thickness of 60 mils (1.5 mm) by a method approved by the manufacturer. A minimum of 50 percent of the marking thickness shall be embedded.
b.Standard Application (With or Without Grooving). The material shall be applied only when the air temperature is 50 °F (10 °C) or above and rising and the pavement temperature is 70 °F (21 °C) or above.
780.09 Preformed Thermoplastic. Preformed thermoplastic pavement
markings shall be capable of being applied on either HMA or portland cement concrete surfaces by using a propane blowtorch. A primer sealer recommended by the manufacturer of the preformed pavement marking material shall be applied on portland cement concrete surfaces prior to application of the preformed thermoplastic pavement marking material. The primer sealer material shall be applied in sufficient quantities to entirely cover the pavement surface where the pavement marking material is to be placed. The pavement temperature and the ambient air temperature shall be at or above 32 °F (0 °C) at the time of installation of the pavement markings.
780.10 Epoxy. Epoxy pavement markings shall be applied to the cleaned
road surface at 20 ± 1 mil (0.51 ± 0.03 mm) in thickness. Glass beads shall be uniformly applied by means of a double drop pressurized bead applicator system. The system shall apply both the first drop glass beads and the second drop glass beads at a rate of 10 lb/gal (1.2 kg/L). Epoxy pavement markings shall be applied only when the air and surface temperatures are a minimum of 35 °F (2 °C) and rising.
780.11 Polyurea. There are two types of retroreflective media for polyurea
pavement marking. Polyurea Pavement Marking, Type I uses glass beads as a retroreflective media. Polyurea Pavement Marking, Type II uses a combination of composite retroreflective elements and glass beads as a retroreflective media. Polyurea pavement markings shall be applied to the cleaned surfaces on the same calendar day. If this cannot be accomplished, the surface shall be re-cleaned prior to applying the markings. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer 72 hours prior to the placement of the markings in order that he/she can be present during the operation. At the time of notification, the Contractor shall provide the Engineer the manufacturer and lot numbers of polyurea and retroreflective media that will be used. The pavement markings shall be applied to the cleaned road surface, during conditions of dry weather and subsequently dry pavement surfaces. The application of and combination of retroreflective media (glass beads and/or retroreflective elements) shall be applied at a rate specified by the manufacturer. Art. 780.11 Pavement Striping At the time of installation, the pavement surface temperature and the ambient temperature shall be above 40 °F (4 °C) and rising. The polyurea pavement markings shall not be applied if the pavement shows any visible signs of moisture. The Engineer will determine the atmospheric conditions and pavement surface conditions that produce satisfactory results. Using the application equipment, the resin shall be mixed and heated according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and sprayed onto the pavement surface.
780.12 Modified Urethane. New bituminous surfaces shall be in place a
minimum of 10 calendar days prior to application of modified urethane pavement markings. Modified urethane pavement markings shall be applied on the same calendar day that the pavement surface is cleaned. If this cannot be accomplished, the surface shall be re-cleaned prior to applying the markings. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer 72 hours prior to the placement of the markings in order that an inspector can be present during the operation. At the time of this notification, the Contractor shall indicate the manufacturer and lot numbers of urethane and retroreflective media that will be used. The pavement markings shall be applied during conditions of dry weather and subsequently dry pavement surfaces at a minimum uniform wet thickness of 25 mils (0.64 mm) according to the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The system shall apply both the first drop glass beads and the second drop glass beads at a rate of 10 lb/gal (1.2 kg/L). At the time of installation, the pavement surface temperature shall be above 40 °F (5 °C) and rising and the ambient temperature shall be 35 °F (2 °C) and rising. The pavement surface temperature and the ambient temperatures shall be determined and documented before the start of each marking operation. The modified urethane pavement markings shall not be applied if the pavement shows any visible signs of moisture. The Engineer will determine the atmospheric conditions and pavement surface conditions that produce satisfactory results.
780.13 Inspection. Pavement markings will be inspected following
installation, but no later than November 30. In addition, they will be inspected following a winter performance period that extends from November 15 to April 1 of the next year. Within 15 calendar days after April 1, a final performance inspection will be made. Final acceptance requirements are as follows.
a.Lane lines: 90 percent intact by area of each individual dashed line segment.
b.Crosswalks, stop lines, arrows, and words: 90 percent intact by area of each individual line, symbol, or letter. Pavement Striping Art. 780.15
c.Center lines, edge lines, gore markings, and channelizing lines: 90 percent intact by area measured over any 10 ft (3 m) length of any individual line regardless of width.
d.Entire project: measured in its entirety according to (a), (b), and (c) above, the entire project shall be 95 percent intact. Upon completion of the final performance inspection, or after satisfactory completion of any necessary correction, the Engineer will notify the Contractor, in writing, of the date of such final performance inspection and release him/her from further performance responsibility. If this inspection discloses any work, in whole or in part, which does not meet the inspection requirements, the Contractor shall, within 45 calendar days after written notification of the inspection results to the Contractor, completely repair or replace such work to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
780.14 Method of Measurement. This work will be measured for payment as
follows.
a.Contract Quantities. The requirements for the use of contract quantities shall be according to Article 202.07(a).
b.Measured Quantities. Lines will be measured for payment in place in feet (meters). Double yellow lines will be measured as two separate lines. Letters and symbols shall conform to the sizes and dimensions specified in the MUTCD and Standard 780001 and will be measured based on the total areas indicated in Table 1 or as specified on the plans. Grooving for lines will be measured in place, in feet (meters). Grooving for letters and symbols will be measured in square feet (square meters). Removal of existing pavement markings will be measured for payment according to Article 783.05.
780.15 Basis of Payment. This work will be paid for at the contract unit
prices per foot (meter) of applied line width, as specified, for THERMOPLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING - LINE; PAINT PAVEMENT MARKING - LINE; EPOXY PAVEMENT MARKING - LINE; PREFORMED PLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING - LINE - INLAID, of the type specified; PREFORMED PLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING - LINE - STANDARD, of the type specified; PREFORMED THERMOPLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING - LINE; POLYUREA PAVEMENT MARKING TYPE I - LINE; POLYUREA PAVEMENT MARKING TYPE II - LINE; MODIFIED URETHANE PAVEMENT MARKING - LINE; and/or per square foot (square meter) for THERMOPLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING - LETTERS AND SYMBOLS; PAINT PAVEMENT MARKING - LETTERS AND SYMBOLS; EPOXY PAVEMENT MARKING - LETTERS AND SYMBOLS; PREFORMED PLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING - STANDARD - LETTERS AND SYMBOLS, of the type specified; PREFORMED PLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING - INLAID - LETTERS AND Art. 780.15 Pavement Striping SYMBOLS, of the type specified; PREFORMED THERMOPLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING - LETTERS AND SYMBOLS; MODIFIED URETHANE PAVEMENT MARKING - LETTERS AND SYMBOLS; or POLYUREA PAVEMENT MARKING - LETTERS AND SYMBOLS. Grooving for recessed pavement marking will be paid for at the contract unit price per foot (meter) for GROOVING FOR RECESSED PAVEMENT MARKING of the groove width specified, and per square foot (square meter) for GROOVING FOR RECESSED PAVEMENT MARKING, LETTERS AND SYMBOLS. Temporary pavement markings placed in lieu of permanent will be paid for according to Article 703.07. Removal of existing pavement markings will be paid for according to
Article 783 — 06.
*TABLE 1 LETTERS sq ft (sq m) Size A B C D E F G H I 6 ft 3.1 4.0 2.7 3.4 3.3 2.6 3.3 3.4 1.5 (1.8 m) (0.28) (0.37) (0.25) (0.31) (0.31) (0.24) (0.31) (0.31) (0.14) 8 ft 5.5 7.1 4.8 6.1 5.9 4.7 5.8 6.0 2.6 (2.4 m) (0.51) (0.66) (0.45) (0.57) (0.55) (0.44) (0.54) (0.56) (0.24) Size J K L M N O P Q R 6 ft 2.1 3.1 2.2 4.2 4.0 3.4 3.0 3.6 3.6 (1.8 m) (0.2) (0.28) (0.20) (0.39) (0.37) (0.31) (0.28) (0.33) (0.33) 8 ft 3.7 5.7 3.8 7.4 7.1 6.0 5.3 6.3 6.3 (2.4 m) (0.34) (0.53) (0.45) (0.69) (0.65) (0.56) (0.49) (0.59) (0.59) Size S T U V W X Y Z 6 ft 3.2 2.2 3.2 2.7 4.2 2.7 2.2 2.9 (1.8 m) (0.30) (0.20) (0.30) (0.25) (0.39) (0.25) (0.20) (0.26) 8 ft 5.7 3.8 5.6 4.8 7.3 4.8 3.9 5.1 (2.4 m) (0.53) (0.35) (0.52) (0.45) (0.68) (0.45) (0.36) (0.47) NUMBERS sq ft (sq m) Size 1 2 3 4 5 6 ft 1.5 3.3 3.3 2.9 3.5 (1.8 m) (0.14) (0.31) (0.31) (0.26) (0.33) 8 ft 2.6 5.8 5.8 5.1 6.1 (2.4 m) (0.24) (0.54) (0.54) (0.47) (0.57) Raised Reflective Pavement Markers Art. 781.03 Size 6 7 8 9 0 6 ft 3.5 2.2 3.8 3.5 3.4 (1.8 m) (0.33) (0.20) (0.35) (0.33) (0.31) 8 ft 6.2 3.8 6.7 6.2 6.0 (2.4 m) (0.58) (0.35) (0.62) (0.58) (0.56) SYMBOLS Symbol Large Size sq ft (sq m) Small Size sq ft (sq m) Through Arrow 11.5 (1.07) 6.5 (0.60) Left or Right Arrow 15.6 (1.47) 8.8 (0.82) 2 Arrow Combination Left (or Right) and Through 26.0 (2.42) 14.7 (1.37) 3 Arrow Combination Left, Right, and Through 38.4 (3.56) 20.9 (1.94) Lane Drop Arrow 41.5 (3.86) -- Wrong Way Arrow 24.3 (2.26) -- Railroad "R" 6 ft (1.8 m) 3.6 (0.33) -- Railroad "X" 20 ft (6.1 m) 54.0 (5.02) -- International Symbol of Accessibility 3.1 (0.29) -- Bike Symbol 4.7 (0.44) -- Shared Lane Symbol 8.0 (0.74) *Table applies to all types of pavement marking materials. SECTION 781. RAISED REFLECTIVE PAVEMENT MARKERS
781.01 Description. This work shall consist of placing permanent and/or
temporary raised reflective pavement markers or replacing the reflective element in a raised reflective pavement marker.
781.02 Materials. Materials shall be according to the following.
Item Article/Section
a.Raised Reflective Pavement Markers ................................................ 1096.01
b.Temporary Raised Reflective Pavement Markers .............................. 1096.02 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
781.03 General. The reflector may be attached to the casting prior to or after
the placement of the markers. The depression in the web shall be clean and dry. The reflector shall be laminated to an elastomeric pad and adhesively attached to the casting. The protective paper or plastic film covering the adhesive pad shall be
Referenced in this section
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Source: Illinois Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 670–678 of 1,217. View official source ↗