701DESCRIPTION

701.01 DESCRIPTION. Furnish, install, and clean pipe, pipe arch,

storm drains, and sewers, also referred to as culverts or conduits, in accordance with these specifications and in conformity with the lines and grades shown on the plans or as established by the engineer.

701.02 MATERIALS. Materials shall comply with the following sections

and subsections: Usable Soil 203.06.1 Selected Soil 701.08.1 Plastic Soil Blanket 203.10 Flowable Fill Section 710 Portland Cement Concrete Section 901 Mortar 1001.03 Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) 1003.01.3.2 , 1003.06.5 Stone 1003.03.1 Recycled Portland Cement Concrete 1003.03.2 Granular Material 1003.09 Bedding Material 1003.10 Thermop lastic Pipe Split Plastic Coupling Bands Section 1006 1006.06 Plastic Yard Drain Pipe Section 1006 Gasket Material 1016.01.1 Reinforced Concrete Pipe 1016.02 Reinforced Concrete Pipe Arch 1016.03 Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe and Pipe Arch 1007.02 Structural Plate for Pipe, Pipe Arch and Arch 1007.04 Corrugated Aluminum Pipe and Pipe Arch 1007.05 Coupling Bands 1007.09 , 1007.08.1 Reinforcing Steel Section 1009 Geotextile Fabric Section 1019 Culverts and Storm Drains

701.01 DESCRIPTION. Furnish, install, and clean pipe, pipe arch,

storm drains, and sewers, also referred to as culverts or conduits, in accordance with these specifications and in conformity with the lines and grades shown on the plans or as established by the engineer.

701.02 MATERIALS. Materials shall comply with the following sections

and subsections: Usable Soil 203.06.1 Selected Soil 701.08.1 Plastic Soil Blanket 203.10 Flowable Fill Section 710 Portland Cement Concrete Section 901 Mortar 1001.03 Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) 1003.01.3.2 , 1003.06.5 Stone 1003.03.1 Recycled Portland Cement Concrete 1003.03.2 Granular Material 1003.09 Bedding Material 1003.10 Thermop lastic Pipe Split Plastic Coupling Bands Section 1006 1006.06 Plastic Yard Drain Pipe Section 1006 Gasket Material 1016.01.1 Reinforced Concrete Pipe 1016.02 Reinforced Concrete Pipe Arch 1016.03 Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe and Pipe Arch 1007.02 Structural Plate for Pipe, Pipe Arch and Arch 1007.04 Corrugated Aluminum Pipe and Pipe Arch 1007.05 Coupling Bands 1007.09 , 1007.08.1 Reinforcing Steel Section 1009 Geotextile Fabric Section 1019

701.02.1 Side Drain Pipe or Side Drain Pipe Arch : When an

item for Side Drain Pipe or Side Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe or corrugated metal pipe arch, or reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch as allowed by Section 1006 , Section 1007 , or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.2 Cross Drain Pipe or Cross Drain Pipe Arch : When

an item for Cross Drain Pipe or Cross Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe or corrugated metal pipe arch, or reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch as allowed by Section 1006 , Section 1007 , or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.3 Storm Drain Pipe or Storm Drain Pipe Arch : When

an item for Storm Drain Pipe or Storm Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch allowed by Section 1006 or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.4 Yard Drain Pipe: When an item for Yard Dr ain Pipe is

included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe in accordance with Section 1006 unless otherwise specified.

701.02.5 Material Type Abbreviations:

701.02.5 1 Reinforced Concrete Pipe:

RCP Reinforced Concrete Pipe RCPA Reinforced Concrete Pipe Arch

701.02.5 2 Corrugated Metal Pipe :

CAP Corrugated Aluminum Pipe CAPA Corrugated Aluminum Pipe Arch CMP Corrugated Metal Pipe CMPA Corrugated Metal Pipe Arch CSP Corrugated Steel Pipe CSPA Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch BCCSP Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe BCCSPA Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch

701.02.1 Side Drain Pipe or Side Drain Pipe Arch : When an

item for Side Drain Pipe or Side Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe or corrugated metal pipe arch, or reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch as allowed by Section 1006 , Section 1007 , or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.2 Cross Drain Pipe or Cross Drain Pipe Arch : When

an item for Cross Drain Pipe or Cross Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe or corrugated metal pipe arch, or reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch as allowed by Section 1006 , Section 1007 , or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.3 Storm Drain Pipe or Storm Drain Pipe Arch : When

an item for Storm Drain Pipe or Storm Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch allowed by Section 1006 or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.4 Yard Drain Pipe: When an item for Yard Dr ain Pipe is

included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe in accordance with Section 1006 unless otherwise specified.

701.02.5 Material Type Abbreviations:

701.02.5 1 Reinforced Concrete Pipe:

RCP Reinforced Concrete Pipe RCPA Reinforced Concrete Pipe Arch

701.02.5 2 Corrugated Metal Pipe :

CAP Corrugated Aluminum Pipe CAPA Corrugated Aluminum Pipe Arch CMP Corrugated Metal Pipe CMPA Corrugated Metal Pipe Arch CSP Corrugated Steel Pipe CSPA Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch BCCSP Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe BCCSPA Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch

701.02.1 Side Drain Pipe or Side Drain Pipe Arch : When an

item for Side Drain Pipe or Side Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe or corrugated metal pipe arch, or reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch as allowed by Section 1006 , Section 1007 , or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.2 Cross Drain Pipe or Cross Drain Pipe Arch : When

an item for Cross Drain Pipe or Cross Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe or corrugated metal pipe arch, or reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch as allowed by Section 1006 , Section 1007 , or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.3 Storm Drain Pipe or Storm Drain Pipe Arch : When

an item for Storm Drain Pipe or Storm Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch allowed by Section 1006 or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.4 Yard Drain Pipe: When an item for Yard Dr ain Pipe is

included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe in accordance with Section 1006 unless otherwise specified.

701.02.5 Material Type Abbreviations:

701.02.5 1 Reinforced Concrete Pipe:

RCP Reinforced Concrete Pipe RCPA Reinforced Concrete Pipe Arch

701.02.5 2 Corrugated Metal Pipe :

CAP Corrugated Aluminum Pipe CAPA Corrugated Aluminum Pipe Arch CMP Corrugated Metal Pipe CMPA Corrugated Metal Pipe Arch CSP Corrugated Steel Pipe CSPA Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch BCCSP Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe BCCSPA Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch

701.02.1 Side Drain Pipe or Side Drain Pipe Arch : When an

item for Side Drain Pipe or Side Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe or corrugated metal pipe arch, or reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch as allowed by Section 1006 , Section 1007 , or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.2 Cross Drain Pipe or Cross Drain Pipe Arch : When

an item for Cross Drain Pipe or Cross Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe or corrugated metal pipe arch, or reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch as allowed by Section 1006 , Section 1007 , or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.3 Storm Drain Pipe or Storm Drain Pipe Arch : When

an item for Storm Drain Pipe or Storm Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch allowed by Section 1006 or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.4 Yard Drain Pipe: When an item for Yard Dr ain Pipe is

included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe in accordance with Section 1006 unless otherwise specified.

701.02.5 Material Type Abbreviations:

701.02.5 1 Reinforced Concrete Pipe:

RCP Reinforced Concrete Pipe RCPA Reinforced Concrete Pipe Arch

701.02.5 2 Corrugated Metal Pipe :

CAP Corrugated Aluminum Pipe CAPA Corrugated Aluminum Pipe Arch CMP Corrugated Metal Pipe CMPA Corrugated Metal Pipe Arch CSP Corrugated Steel Pipe CSPA Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch BCCSP Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe BCCSPA Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch

701.02.1 Side Drain Pipe or Side Drain Pipe Arch : When an

item for Side Drain Pipe or Side Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe or corrugated metal pipe arch, or reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch as allowed by Section 1006 , Section 1007 , or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.2 Cross Drain Pipe or Cross Drain Pipe Arch : When

an item for Cross Drain Pipe or Cross Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe or corrugated metal pipe arch, or reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch as allowed by Section 1006 , Section 1007 , or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.3 Storm Drain Pipe or Storm Drain Pipe Arch : When

an item for Storm Drain Pipe or Storm Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch allowed by Section 1006 or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.4 Yard Drain Pipe: When an item for Yard Dr ain Pipe is

included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe in accordance with Section 1006 unless otherwise specified.

701.02.5 Material Type Abbreviations:

701.02.5 1 Reinforced Concrete Pipe:

RCP Reinforced Concrete Pipe RCPA Reinforced Concrete Pipe Arch

701.02.5 2 Corrugated Metal Pipe :

CAP Corrugated Aluminum Pipe CAPA Corrugated Aluminum Pipe Arch CMP Corrugated Metal Pipe CMPA Corrugated Metal Pipe Arch CSP Corrugated Steel Pipe CSPA Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch BCCSP Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe BCCSPA Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch

701.02.1 Side Drain Pipe or Side Drain Pipe Arch : When an

item for Side Drain Pipe or Side Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe or corrugated metal pipe arch, or reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch as allowed by Section 1006 , Section 1007 , or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.2 Cross Drain Pipe or Cross Drain Pipe Arch : When

an item for Cross Drain Pipe or Cross Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe or corrugated metal pipe arch, or reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch as allowed by Section 1006 , Section 1007 , or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.3 Storm Drain Pipe or Storm Drain Pipe Arch : When

an item for Storm Drain Pipe or Storm Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch allowed by Section 1006 or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.4 Yard Drain Pipe: When an item for Yard Dr ain Pipe is

included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe in accordance with Section 1006 unless otherwise specified.

701.02.5 Material Type Abbreviations:

701.02.5 1 Reinforced Concrete Pipe:

RCP Reinforced Concrete Pipe RCPA Reinforced Concrete Pipe Arch

701.02.5 2 Corrugated Metal Pipe :

CAP Corrugated Aluminum Pipe CAPA Corrugated Aluminum Pipe Arch CMP Corrugated Metal Pipe CMPA Corrugated Metal Pipe Arch CSP Corrugated Steel Pipe CSPA Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch BCCSP Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe BCCSPA Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch

701.02.1 Side Drain Pipe or Side Drain Pipe Arch : When an

item for Side Drain Pipe or Side Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe or corrugated metal pipe arch, or reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch as allowed by Section 1006 , Section 1007 , or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.2 Cross Drain Pipe or Cross Drain Pipe Arch : When

an item for Cross Drain Pipe or Cross Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe or corrugated metal pipe arch, or reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch as allowed by Section 1006 , Section 1007 , or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.3 Storm Drain Pipe or Storm Drain Pipe Arch : When

an item for Storm Drain Pipe or Storm Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch allowed by Section 1006 or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.4 Yard Drain Pipe: When an item for Yard Dr ain Pipe is

included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe in accordance with Section 1006 unless otherwise specified.

701.02.5 Material Type Abbreviations:

701.02.5 1 Reinforced Concrete Pipe:

RCP Reinforced Concrete Pipe RCPA Reinforced Concrete Pipe Arch

701.02.5 2 Corrugated Metal Pipe :

CAP Corrugated Aluminum Pipe CAPA Corrugated Aluminum Pipe Arch CMP Corrugated Metal Pipe CMPA Corrugated Metal Pipe Arch CSP Corrugated Steel Pipe CSPA Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch BCCSP Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe BCCSPA Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch

701.02.1 Side Drain Pipe or Side Drain Pipe Arch : When an

item for Side Drain Pipe or Side Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe or corrugated metal pipe arch, or reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch as allowed by Section 1006 , Section 1007 , or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.2 Cross Drain Pipe or Cross Drain Pipe Arch : When

an item for Cross Drain Pipe or Cross Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, corrugated metal pipe or corrugated metal pipe arch, or reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch as allowed by Section 1006 , Section 1007 , or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.3 Storm Drain Pipe or Storm Drain Pipe Arch : When

an item for Storm Drain Pipe or Storm Drain Pipe Arch is included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe, reinforced concrete pipe or reinforced concrete pipe arch allowed by Section 1006 or Section 1016 , respectively, unless otherwise specified.

701.02.4 Yard Drain Pipe: When an item for Yard Dr ain Pipe is

included in the contract, furnish thermoplastic pipe in accordance with Section 1006 unless otherwise specified.

701.02.5 Material Type Abbreviations:

701.02.5 1 Reinforced Concrete Pipe:

RCP Reinforced Concrete Pipe RCPA Reinforced Concrete Pipe Arch

701.02.5 2 Corrugated Metal Pipe :

CAP Corrugated Aluminum Pipe CAPA Corrugated Aluminum Pipe Arch CMP Corrugated Metal Pipe CMPA Corrugated Metal Pipe Arch CSP Corrugated Steel Pipe CSPA Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch BCCSP Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe BCCSPA Bituminous Coated Corrugated Steel Pipe Arch

701.02.5 3 Thermoplastic Pipe :

TPP Thermoplastic Pipe PVCP Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe RPVCP Ribbed Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe CPEPSW Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Single Wall CPEPDW Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Double Wall

701.02.6 Joint Type Abbreviations:

T1 Type 1 Joint T2 Type 2 Joint T3 Type 3 Joint

701.02.7 Quality Assurance for Pipe : Manufacturing plants will

be periodically inspected for compliance with specified manufacturing methods, and material samples will be randomly obtained for laboratory testing for verification of manufacturing lots. Materials approved at the manufacturing plant will be subject to visual acceptance inspections a t the jobsite or point of delivery.

701.03 EXCAVATION . For all trench excavation, ensure that the sides

of the trench are stable, as evidenced by the sides of the trench being able to maintain a vertical cut face. Consider the sides unstable if fissures devel op in the face of or adjacent to the open excavation; if the edge of the excavation subsides; if material ravels, spalls, or slumps from the face of the excavation; or if the bottom of the excavation bulges or heaves. In all cases of apparent distress, or when the trench excavation exceeds 5 feet in depth, sloping, benching, and shoring will be required in accordance with the OSHA trench safety standards, 29 CFR § 1926 (P). Consider these and any more stringent trench safety standards as minimum contract requirements. Submission of bid and subsequent award of contract will serve as certification that all trench excavation in excess of 5 feet will be in compliance LA R.S. 48:251.1. Consider all available geotechnical information when designing the trench excavation safety system, including groundwater. Evaluate trench stability due to the effects of surcharge loads from adjacent structures, stored materials and equipment, or traffic. Ensure that excavated material is placed a sufficient distance back from the trench edge to preclude material from falling back into the trench, otherwise provide an adequate retention system.

701.02.5 3 Thermoplastic Pipe :

TPP Thermoplastic Pipe PVCP Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe RPVCP Ribbed Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe CPEPSW Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Single Wall CPEPDW Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Double Wall

701.02.6 Joint Type Abbreviations:

T1 Type 1 Joint T2 Type 2 Joint T3 Type 3 Joint

701.02.7 Quality Assurance for Pipe : Manufacturing plants will

be periodically inspected for compliance with specified manufacturing methods, and material samples will be randomly obtained for laboratory testing for verification of manufacturing lots. Materials approved at the manufacturing plant will be subject to visual acceptance inspections a t the jobsite or point of delivery.

701.03 EXCAVATION . For all trench excavation, ensure that the sides

of the trench are stable, as evidenced by the sides of the trench being able to maintain a vertical cut face. Consider the sides unstable if fissures devel op in the face of or adjacent to the open excavation; if the edge of the excavation subsides; if material ravels, spalls, or slumps from the face of the excavation; or if the bottom of the excavation bulges or heaves. In all cases of apparent distress, or when the trench excavation exceeds 5 feet in depth, sloping, benching, and shoring will be required in accordance with the OSHA trench safety standards, 29 CFR § 1926 (P). Consider these and any more stringent trench safety standards as minimum contract requirements. Submission of bid and subsequent award of contract will serve as certification that all trench excavation in excess of 5 feet will be in compliance LA R.S. 48:251.1. Consider all available geotechnical information when designing the trench excavation safety system, including groundwater. Evaluate trench stability due to the effects of surcharge loads from adjacent structures, stored materials and equipment, or traffic. Ensure that excavated material is placed a sufficient distance back from the trench edge to preclude material from falling back into the trench, otherwise provide an adequate retention system.

701.02.5 3 Thermoplastic Pipe :

TPP Thermoplastic Pipe PVCP Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe RPVCP Ribbed Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe CPEPSW Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Single Wall CPEPDW Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Double Wall

701.02.6 Joint Type Abbreviations:

T1 Type 1 Joint T2 Type 2 Joint T3 Type 3 Joint

701.02.7 Quality Assurance for Pipe : Manufacturing plants will

be periodically inspected for compliance with specified manufacturing methods, and material samples will be randomly obtained for laboratory testing for verification of manufacturing lots. Materials approved at the manufacturing plant will be subject to visual acceptance inspections a t the jobsite or point of delivery.

701.03 EXCAVATION . For all trench excavation, ensure that the sides

of the trench are stable, as evidenced by the sides of the trench being able to maintain a vertical cut face. Consider the sides unstable if fissures devel op in the face of or adjacent to the open excavation; if the edge of the excavation subsides; if material ravels, spalls, or slumps from the face of the excavation; or if the bottom of the excavation bulges or heaves. In all cases of apparent distress, or when the trench excavation exceeds 5 feet in depth, sloping, benching, and shoring will be required in accordance with the OSHA trench safety standards, 29 CFR § 1926 (P). Consider these and any more stringent trench safety standards as minimum contract requirements. Submission of bid and subsequent award of contract will serve as certification that all trench excavation in excess of 5 feet will be in compliance LA R.S. 48:251.1. Consider all available geotechnical information when designing the trench excavation safety system, including groundwater. Evaluate trench stability due to the effects of surcharge loads from adjacent structures, stored materials and equipment, or traffic. Ensure that excavated material is placed a sufficient distance back from the trench edge to preclude material from falling back into the trench, otherwise provide an adequate retention system.

701.02.5 3 Thermoplastic Pipe :

TPP Thermoplastic Pipe PVCP Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe RPVCP Ribbed Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe CPEPSW Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Single Wall CPEPDW Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Double Wall

701.02.6 Joint Type Abbreviations:

T1 Type 1 Joint T2 Type 2 Joint T3 Type 3 Joint

701.02.7 Quality Assurance for Pipe : Manufacturing plants will

be periodically inspected for compliance with specified manufacturing methods, and material samples will be randomly obtained for laboratory testing for verification of manufacturing lots. Materials approved at the manufacturing plant will be subject to visual acceptance inspections a t the jobsite or point of delivery.

701.03 EXCAVATION . For all trench excavation, ensure that the sides

of the trench are stable, as evidenced by the sides of the trench being able to maintain a vertical cut face. Consider the sides unstable if fissures devel op in the face of or adjacent to the open excavation; if the edge of the excavation subsides; if material ravels, spalls, or slumps from the face of the excavation; or if the bottom of the excavation bulges or heaves. In all cases of apparent distress, or when the trench excavation exceeds 5 feet in depth, sloping, benching, and shoring will be required in accordance with the OSHA trench safety standards, 29 CFR § 1926 (P). Consider these and any more stringent trench safety standards as minimum contract requirements. Submission of bid and subsequent award of contract will serve as certification that all trench excavation in excess of 5 feet will be in compliance LA R.S. 48:251.1. Consider all available geotechnical information when designing the trench excavation safety system, including groundwater. Evaluate trench stability due to the effects of surcharge loads from adjacent structures, stored materials and equipment, or traffic. Ensure that excavated material is placed a sufficient distance back from the trench edge to preclude material from falling back into the trench, otherwise provide an adequate retention system.

701.02.5 3 Thermoplastic Pipe :

TPP Thermoplastic Pipe PVCP Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe RPVCP Ribbed Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe CPEPSW Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Single Wall CPEPDW Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Double Wall

701.02.6 Joint Type Abbreviations:

T1 Type 1 Joint T2 Type 2 Joint T3 Type 3 Joint

701.02.7 Quality Assurance for Pipe : Manufacturing plants will

be periodically inspected for compliance with specified manufacturing methods, and material samples will be randomly obtained for laboratory testing for verification of manufacturing lots. Materials approved at the manufacturing plant will be subject to visual acceptance inspections a t the jobsite or point of delivery.

701.03 EXCAVATION . For all trench excavation, ensure that the sides

of the trench are stable, as evidenced by the sides of the trench being able to maintain a vertical cut face. Consider the sides unstable if fissures devel op in the face of or adjacent to the open excavation; if the edge of the excavation subsides; if material ravels, spalls, or slumps from the face of the excavation; or if the bottom of the excavation bulges or heaves. In all cases of apparent distress, or when the trench excavation exceeds 5 feet in depth, sloping, benching, and shoring will be required in accordance with the OSHA trench safety standards, 29 CFR § 1926 (P). Consider these and any more stringent trench safety standards as minimum contract requirements. Submission of bid and subsequent award of contract will serve as certification that all trench excavation in excess of 5 feet will be in compliance LA R.S. 48:251.1. Consider all available geotechnical information when designing the trench excavation safety system, including groundwater. Evaluate trench stability due to the effects of surcharge loads from adjacent structures, stored materials and equipment, or traffic. Ensure that excavated material is placed a sufficient distance back from the trench edge to preclude material from falling back into the trench, otherwise provide an adequate retention system. Ensure that the bottom width of a pipe trench provides at least 18 inches of clearance on each side of the pipe. In accordance with 202.02 , satisfactorily dispose of surplus excavated material that does not conform to the requirements of 203.06.1 . Control rainfall runoff or excess moisture by proper selection of backfill materials, dewatering sumps, wells, well points, or other approved procedures during excavation, bedding installation, over- excavated trench backfilling, pipe placement , and pipe backfill.

701.03.1 Over -Excavation : When encountering unsuitable soils as

defined in 203.04 , or a stable, non -yielding foundation cannot be obtained at either the established pipe grade or at the grade established for placement of the bedding, remove unstable or unsuitable soils below t his grade and replace with granular material complying with 1003.09 , bedding materials complying with 1003.10 , or Type A backfill complying with 701.08.1 . Place all granular backfill materials below the established pipe or bedding grade in lifts less than 8 inches thick. C ompact sufficiently with a dynamic mechanical hand compaction device over the surface of each lift to form a stable, non -yielding foundation at the surface of the established bedding or pipe grade. When encountering rock, remove the rock below grade and replace it with granular material, bedding materials, or Type A backfill. Provide a compacted earth cushion thickness under the pipe of at least 1/2 inch per foot of fill height over the top of the pipe with a minimum thickness of 8 inches . Place all granular backfill materials below the established pipe or beddi ng grade in lifts less than 8 inches thick. Sufficiently compact with a dynamic mechanical hand operated compaction device over the surface of each lift to form a stable, non -yielding foundati on at the surface of the established bedding or pipe grade. Materials used to backfill in an over-excavated portion of a trench do not require encasement in a geotextile fabric.

701.04 FORMING PIPE BED . When specifying bedding material,

construct in accordance with Section 726 . Materials allowed for bedding shall comply with 1003.10 or may be type a backfill materials. When specifying bedding materials, perform additional excavation below established pipe grade and place the bedding material in lifts less than 8 inches thic k. Lightly compact with a dynamic hand compaction device over the surface of each lift. When the bottom of the pipe is not laid in a trench but constructed above natural soils, construct a uniform bed as specified for the bottom of a trench. Ensure that the bottom width of a pipe trench provides at least 18 inches of clearance on each side of the pipe. In accordance with 202.02 , satisfactorily dispose of surplus excavated material that does not conform to the requirements of 203.06.1 . Control rainfall runoff or excess moisture by proper selection of backfill materials, dewatering sumps, wells, well points, or other approved procedures during excavation, bedding installation, over- excavated trench backfilling, pipe placement , and pipe backfill.

701.03.1 Over -Excavation : When encountering unsuitable soils as

defined in 203.04 , or a stable, non -yielding foundation cannot be obtained at either the established pipe grade or at the grade established for placement of the bedding, remove unstable or unsuitable soils below t his grade and replace with granular material complying with 1003.09 , bedding materials complying with 1003.10 , or Type A backfill complying with 701.08.1 . Place all granular backfill materials below the established pipe or bedding grade in lifts less than 8 inches thick. C ompact sufficiently with a dynamic mechanical hand compaction device over the surface of each lift to form a stable, non -yielding foundation at the surface of the established bedding or pipe grade. When encountering rock, remove the rock below grade and replace it with granular material, bedding materials, or Type A backfill. Provide a compacted earth cushion thickness under the pipe of at least 1/2 inch per foot of fill height over the top of the pipe with a minimum thickness of 8 inches . Place all granular backfill materials below the established pipe or beddi ng grade in lifts less than 8 inches thick. Sufficiently compact with a dynamic mechanical hand operated compaction device over the surface of each lift to form a stable, non -yielding foundati on at the surface of the established bedding or pipe grade. Materials used to backfill in an over-excavated portion of a trench do not require encasement in a geotextile fabric.

701.04 FORMING PIPE BED . When specifying bedding material,

construct in accordance with Section 726 . Materials allowed for bedding shall comply with 1003.10 or may be type a backfill materials. When specifying bedding materials, perform additional excavation below established pipe grade and place the bedding material in lifts less than 8 inches thic k. Lightly compact with a dynamic hand compaction device over the surface of each lift. When the bottom of the pipe is not laid in a trench but constructed above natural soils, construct a uniform bed as specified for the bottom of a trench. Ensure that the bottom width of a pipe trench provides at least 18 inches of clearance on each side of the pipe. In accordance with 202.02 , satisfactorily dispose of surplus excavated material that does not conform to the requirements of 203.06.1 . Control rainfall runoff or excess moisture by proper selection of backfill materials, dewatering sumps, wells, well points, or other approved procedures during excavation, bedding installation, over- excavated trench backfilling, pipe placement , and pipe backfill.

701.03.1 Over -Excavation : When encountering unsuitable soils as

defined in 203.04 , or a stable, non -yielding foundation cannot be obtained at either the established pipe grade or at the grade established for placement of the bedding, remove unstable or unsuitable soils below t his grade and replace with granular material complying with 1003.09 , bedding materials complying with 1003.10 , or Type A backfill complying with 701.08.1 . Place all granular backfill materials below the established pipe or bedding grade in lifts less than 8 inches thick. C ompact sufficiently with a dynamic mechanical hand compaction device over the surface of each lift to form a stable, non -yielding foundation at the surface of the established bedding or pipe grade. When encountering rock, remove the rock below grade and replace it with granular material, bedding materials, or Type A backfill. Provide a compacted earth cushion thickness under the pipe of at least 1/2 inch per foot of fill height over the top of the pipe with a minimum thickness of 8 inches . Place all granular backfill materials below the established pipe or beddi ng grade in lifts less than 8 inches thick. Sufficiently compact with a dynamic mechanical hand operated compaction device over the surface of each lift to form a stable, non -yielding foundati on at the surface of the established bedding or pipe grade. Materials used to backfill in an over-excavated portion of a trench do not require encasement in a geotextile fabric.

701.04 FORMING PIPE BED . When specifying bedding material,

construct in accordance with Section 726 . Materials allowed for bedding shall comply with 1003.10 or may be type a backfill materials. When specifying bedding materials, perform additional excavation below established pipe grade and place the bedding material in lifts less than 8 inches thic k. Lightly compact with a dynamic hand compaction device over the surface of each lift. When the bottom of the pipe is not laid in a trench but constructed above natural soils, construct a uniform bed as specified for the bottom of a trench. In lieu of removing and replacing unstable soil with granular material, bedding material, or Type A backfill material, a cabled articulated concrete block mattress meeting the requirements of Section 712 may be used with a 6-inch layer of bedding material between the pipe and the mattress installed in accordance with Section 726 . Excavate the trench to a depth 6 inches plus the thickness of the mattress below the grade line of the pipe. Join adjacent mattress segments together to form a continuous supporting foundation beneath the pipe to the satisfaction of the engineer.

701.05 LAYING PIPE . Begin laying pipe at the downstream end of the

line. Ensure that the pipe is in contact with the foundation throughout its length. Place bell or grooved ends of pipe and outside circumferential laps of rivete d metal pipe facing upstream. Place riveted seam metal pipe with longitudinal laps at sides. Pipes in each continuous line shall have the same wall thickness. Handle metal pipes provided with lifting lugs only by these lugs. After laying pipe and before placing backfill, the engineer will inspect the pipe for alignment, grade, integrity of joints, and coating damage.

701.06 Joining Pipe .

701.06.1 Joint Usage :

701.06.1 1 Type 1 (T1) Joints : Use Type 1 joints for side drains

under driveways and similar installations.

701.06.1 2 Type 2 (T2) Joints : Use Type 2 joints for cross

drains under roadways, including turnouts.

701.06.1 3 Type 3 (T3) Joints : Use Type 3 joints for storm

drain systems, flumes, and siphons.

701.06.2 Concrete Pipe : Concrete pipe may be either bell and

spigot or tongue and groove. Jo in pipe sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use an approved mechanical pipe puller for joining pipes over 36 inches in diameter. For pipe 36 inches or less in diameter, use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. Joints shall comply with 1016.01.1 and 1018.03 . Seal with gasket material installed in accordance with the manufacturer’ s recommendations.

701.06.3 Metal Pipe : Firmly join metal pipe by coupling bands.

Center bands over the joint. In lieu of removing and replacing unstable soil with granular material, bedding material, or Type A backfill material, a cabled articulated concrete block mattress meeting the requirements of Section 712 may be used with a 6-inch layer of bedding material between the pipe and the mattress installed in accordance with Section 726 . Excavate the trench to a depth 6 inches plus the thickness of the mattress below the grade line of the pipe. Join adjacent mattress segments together to form a continuous supporting foundation beneath the pipe to the satisfaction of the engineer.

701.05 LAYING PIPE . Begin laying pipe at the downstream end of the

line. Ensure that the pipe is in contact with the foundation throughout its length. Place bell or grooved ends of pipe and outside circumferential laps of rivete d metal pipe facing upstream. Place riveted seam metal pipe with longitudinal laps at sides. Pipes in each continuous line shall have the same wall thickness. Handle metal pipes provided with lifting lugs only by these lugs. After laying pipe and before placing backfill, the engineer will inspect the pipe for alignment, grade, integrity of joints, and coating damage.

701.06 Joining Pipe .

701.06.1 Joint Usage :

701.06.1 1 Type 1 (T1) Joints : Use Type 1 joints for side drains

under driveways and similar installations.

701.06.1 2 Type 2 (T2) Joints : Use Type 2 joints for cross

drains under roadways, including turnouts.

701.06.1 3 Type 3 (T3) Joints : Use Type 3 joints for storm

drain systems, flumes, and siphons.

701.06.2 Concrete Pipe : Concrete pipe may be either bell and

spigot or tongue and groove. Jo in pipe sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use an approved mechanical pipe puller for joining pipes over 36 inches in diameter. For pipe 36 inches or less in diameter, use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. Joints shall comply with 1016.01.1 and 1018.03 . Seal with gasket material installed in accordance with the manufacturer’ s recommendations.

701.06.3 Metal Pipe : Firmly join metal pipe by coupling bands.

Center bands over the joint. In lieu of removing and replacing unstable soil with granular material, bedding material, or Type A backfill material, a cabled articulated concrete block mattress meeting the requirements of Section 712 may be used with a 6-inch layer of bedding material between the pipe and the mattress installed in accordance with Section 726 . Excavate the trench to a depth 6 inches plus the thickness of the mattress below the grade line of the pipe. Join adjacent mattress segments together to form a continuous supporting foundation beneath the pipe to the satisfaction of the engineer.

701.05 LAYING PIPE . Begin laying pipe at the downstream end of the

line. Ensure that the pipe is in contact with the foundation throughout its length. Place bell or grooved ends of pipe and outside circumferential laps of rivete d metal pipe facing upstream. Place riveted seam metal pipe with longitudinal laps at sides. Pipes in each continuous line shall have the same wall thickness. Handle metal pipes provided with lifting lugs only by these lugs. After laying pipe and before placing backfill, the engineer will inspect the pipe for alignment, grade, integrity of joints, and coating damage.

701.06 Joining Pipe .

701.06.1 Joint Usage :

701.06.1 1 Type 1 (T1) Joints : Use Type 1 joints for side drains

under driveways and similar installations.

701.06.1 2 Type 2 (T2) Joints : Use Type 2 joints for cross

drains under roadways, including turnouts.

701.06.1 3 Type 3 (T3) Joints : Use Type 3 joints for storm

drain systems, flumes, and siphons.

701.06.2 Concrete Pipe : Concrete pipe may be either bell and

spigot or tongue and groove. Jo in pipe sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use an approved mechanical pipe puller for joining pipes over 36 inches in diameter. For pipe 36 inches or less in diameter, use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. Joints shall comply with 1016.01.1 and 1018.03 . Seal with gasket material installed in accordance with the manufacturer’ s recommendations.

701.06.3 Metal Pipe : Firmly join metal pipe by coupling bands.

Center bands over the joint. In lieu of removing and replacing unstable soil with granular material, bedding material, or Type A backfill material, a cabled articulated concrete block mattress meeting the requirements of Section 712 may be used with a 6-inch layer of bedding material between the pipe and the mattress installed in accordance with Section 726 . Excavate the trench to a depth 6 inches plus the thickness of the mattress below the grade line of the pipe. Join adjacent mattress segments together to form a continuous supporting foundation beneath the pipe to the satisfaction of the engineer.

701.05 LAYING PIPE . Begin laying pipe at the downstream end of the

line. Ensure that the pipe is in contact with the foundation throughout its length. Place bell or grooved ends of pipe and outside circumferential laps of rivete d metal pipe facing upstream. Place riveted seam metal pipe with longitudinal laps at sides. Pipes in each continuous line shall have the same wall thickness. Handle metal pipes provided with lifting lugs only by these lugs. After laying pipe and before placing backfill, the engineer will inspect the pipe for alignment, grade, integrity of joints, and coating damage.

701.06 Joining Pipe .

701.06.1 Joint Usage :

701.06.1 1 Type 1 (T1) Joints : Use Type 1 joints for side drains

under driveways and similar installations.

701.06.1 2 Type 2 (T2) Joints : Use Type 2 joints for cross

drains under roadways, including turnouts.

701.06.1 3 Type 3 (T3) Joints : Use Type 3 joints for storm

drain systems, flumes, and siphons.

701.06.2 Concrete Pipe : Concrete pipe may be either bell and

spigot or tongue and groove. Jo in pipe sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use an approved mechanical pipe puller for joining pipes over 36 inches in diameter. For pipe 36 inches or less in diameter, use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. Joints shall comply with 1016.01.1 and 1018.03 . Seal with gasket material installed in accordance with the manufacturer’ s recommendations.

701.06.3 Metal Pipe : Firmly join metal pipe by coupling bands.

Center bands over the joint. In lieu of removing and replacing unstable soil with granular material, bedding material, or Type A backfill material, a cabled articulated concrete block mattress meeting the requirements of Section 712 may be used with a 6-inch layer of bedding material between the pipe and the mattress installed in accordance with Section 726 . Excavate the trench to a depth 6 inches plus the thickness of the mattress below the grade line of the pipe. Join adjacent mattress segments together to form a continuous supporting foundation beneath the pipe to the satisfaction of the engineer.

701.05 LAYING PIPE . Begin laying pipe at the downstream end of the

line. Ensure that the pipe is in contact with the foundation throughout its length. Place bell or grooved ends of pipe and outside circumferential laps of rivete d metal pipe facing upstream. Place riveted seam metal pipe with longitudinal laps at sides. Pipes in each continuous line shall have the same wall thickness. Handle metal pipes provided with lifting lugs only by these lugs. After laying pipe and before placing backfill, the engineer will inspect the pipe for alignment, grade, integrity of joints, and coating damage.

701.06 Joining Pipe .

701.06.1 Joint Usage :

701.06.1 1 Type 1 (T1) Joints : Use Type 1 joints for side drains

under driveways and similar installations.

701.06.1 2 Type 2 (T2) Joints : Use Type 2 joints for cross

drains under roadways, including turnouts.

701.06.1 3 Type 3 (T3) Joints : Use Type 3 joints for storm

drain systems, flumes, and siphons.

701.06.2 Concrete Pipe : Concrete pipe may be either bell and

spigot or tongue and groove. Jo in pipe sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use an approved mechanical pipe puller for joining pipes over 36 inches in diameter. For pipe 36 inches or less in diameter, use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. Joints shall comply with 1016.01.1 and 1018.03 . Seal with gasket material installed in accordance with the manufacturer’ s recommendations.

701.06.3 Metal Pipe : Firmly join metal pipe by coupling bands.

Center bands over the joint. In lieu of removing and replacing unstable soil with granular material, bedding material, or Type A backfill material, a cabled articulated concrete block mattress meeting the requirements of Section 712 may be used with a 6-inch layer of bedding material between the pipe and the mattress installed in accordance with Section 726 . Excavate the trench to a depth 6 inches plus the thickness of the mattress below the grade line of the pipe. Join adjacent mattress segments together to form a continuous supporting foundation beneath the pipe to the satisfaction of the engineer.

701.05 LAYING PIPE . Begin laying pipe at the downstream end of the

line. Ensure that the pipe is in contact with the foundation throughout its length. Place bell or grooved ends of pipe and outside circumferential laps of rivete d metal pipe facing upstream. Place riveted seam metal pipe with longitudinal laps at sides. Pipes in each continuous line shall have the same wall thickness. Handle metal pipes provided with lifting lugs only by these lugs. After laying pipe and before placing backfill, the engineer will inspect the pipe for alignment, grade, integrity of joints, and coating damage.

701.06 Joining Pipe .

701.06.1 Joint Usage :

701.06.1 1 Type 1 (T1) Joints : Use Type 1 joints for side drains

under driveways and similar installations.

701.06.1 2 Type 2 (T2) Joints : Use Type 2 joints for cross

drains under roadways, including turnouts.

701.06.1 3 Type 3 (T3) Joints : Use Type 3 joints for storm

drain systems, flumes, and siphons.

701.06.2 Concrete Pipe : Concrete pipe may be either bell and

spigot or tongue and groove. Jo in pipe sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use an approved mechanical pipe puller for joining pipes over 36 inches in diameter. For pipe 36 inches or less in diameter, use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. Joints shall comply with 1016.01.1 and 1018.03 . Seal with gasket material installed in accordance with the manufacturer’ s recommendations.

701.06.3 Metal Pipe : Firmly join metal pipe by coupling bands.

Center bands over the joint. In lieu of removing and replacing unstable soil with granular material, bedding material, or Type A backfill material, a cabled articulated concrete block mattress meeting the requirements of Section 712 may be used with a 6-inch layer of bedding material between the pipe and the mattress installed in accordance with Section 726 . Excavate the trench to a depth 6 inches plus the thickness of the mattress below the grade line of the pipe. Join adjacent mattress segments together to form a continuous supporting foundation beneath the pipe to the satisfaction of the engineer.

701.05 LAYING PIPE . Begin laying pipe at the downstream end of the

line. Ensure that the pipe is in contact with the foundation throughout its length. Place bell or grooved ends of pipe and outside circumferential laps of rivete d metal pipe facing upstream. Place riveted seam metal pipe with longitudinal laps at sides. Pipes in each continuous line shall have the same wall thickness. Handle metal pipes provided with lifting lugs only by these lugs. After laying pipe and before placing backfill, the engineer will inspect the pipe for alignment, grade, integrity of joints, and coating damage.

701.06 Joining Pipe .

701.06.1 Joint Usage :

701.06.1 1 Type 1 (T1) Joints : Use Type 1 joints for side drains

under driveways and similar installations.

701.06.1 2 Type 2 (T2) Joints : Use Type 2 joints for cross

drains under roadways, including turnouts.

701.06.1 3 Type 3 (T3) Joints : Use Type 3 joints for storm

drain systems, flumes, and siphons.

701.06.2 Concrete Pipe : Concrete pipe may be either bell and

spigot or tongue and groove. Jo in pipe sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use an approved mechanical pipe puller for joining pipes over 36 inches in diameter. For pipe 36 inches or less in diameter, use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. Joints shall comply with 1016.01.1 and 1018.03 . Seal with gasket material installed in accordance with the manufacturer’ s recommendations.

701.06.3 Metal Pipe : Firmly join metal pipe by coupling bands.

Center bands over the joint. In lieu of removing and replacing unstable soil with granular material, bedding material, or Type A backfill material, a cabled articulated concrete block mattress meeting the requirements of Section 712 may be used with a 6-inch layer of bedding material between the pipe and the mattress installed in accordance with Section 726 . Excavate the trench to a depth 6 inches plus the thickness of the mattress below the grade line of the pipe. Join adjacent mattress segments together to form a continuous supporting foundation beneath the pipe to the satisfaction of the engineer.

701.05 LAYING PIPE . Begin laying pipe at the downstream end of the

line. Ensure that the pipe is in contact with the foundation throughout its length. Place bell or grooved ends of pipe and outside circumferential laps of rivete d metal pipe facing upstream. Place riveted seam metal pipe with longitudinal laps at sides. Pipes in each continuous line shall have the same wall thickness. Handle metal pipes provided with lifting lugs only by these lugs. After laying pipe and before placing backfill, the engineer will inspect the pipe for alignment, grade, integrity of joints, and coating damage.

701.06 Joining Pipe .

701.06.1 Joint Usage :

701.06.1 1 Type 1 (T1) Joints : Use Type 1 joints for side drains

under driveways and similar installations.

701.06.1 2 Type 2 (T2) Joints : Use Type 2 joints for cross

drains under roadways, including turnouts.

701.06.1 3 Type 3 (T3) Joints : Use Type 3 joints for storm

drain systems, flumes, and siphons.

701.06.2 Concrete Pipe : Concrete pipe may be either bell and

spigot or tongue and groove. Jo in pipe sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use an approved mechanical pipe puller for joining pipes over 36 inches in diameter. For pipe 36 inches or less in diameter, use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. Joints shall comply with 1016.01.1 and 1018.03 . Seal with gasket material installed in accordance with the manufacturer’ s recommendations.

701.06.3 Metal Pipe : Firmly join metal pipe by coupling bands.

Center bands over the joint. In lieu of removing and replacing unstable soil with granular material, bedding material, or Type A backfill material, a cabled articulated concrete block mattress meeting the requirements of Section 712 may be used with a 6-inch layer of bedding material between the pipe and the mattress installed in accordance with Section 726 . Excavate the trench to a depth 6 inches plus the thickness of the mattress below the grade line of the pipe. Join adjacent mattress segments together to form a continuous supporting foundation beneath the pipe to the satisfaction of the engineer.

701.05 LAYING PIPE . Begin laying pipe at the downstream end of the

line. Ensure that the pipe is in contact with the foundation throughout its length. Place bell or grooved ends of pipe and outside circumferential laps of rivete d metal pipe facing upstream. Place riveted seam metal pipe with longitudinal laps at sides. Pipes in each continuous line shall have the same wall thickness. Handle metal pipes provided with lifting lugs only by these lugs. After laying pipe and before placing backfill, the engineer will inspect the pipe for alignment, grade, integrity of joints, and coating damage.

701.06 Joining Pipe .

701.06.1 Joint Usage :

701.06.1 1 Type 1 (T1) Joints : Use Type 1 joints for side drains

under driveways and similar installations.

701.06.1 2 Type 2 (T2) Joints : Use Type 2 joints for cross

drains under roadways, including turnouts.

701.06.1 3 Type 3 (T3) Joints : Use Type 3 joints for storm

drain systems, flumes, and siphons.

701.06.2 Concrete Pipe : Concrete pipe may be either bell and

spigot or tongue and groove. Jo in pipe sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use an approved mechanical pipe puller for joining pipes over 36 inches in diameter. For pipe 36 inches or less in diameter, use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. Joints shall comply with 1016.01.1 and 1018.03 . Seal with gasket material installed in accordance with the manufacturer’ s recommendations.

701.06.3 Metal Pipe : Firmly join metal pipe by coupling bands.

Center bands over the joint. For Type 1 joints, place approved gasket material in one corrugation recess on each side of the joint at the coupling band and on each band connection in such manner to prevent leakage. When Type 2 or 3 joints are specified, join metal pipe sections as follows:

701.06.3 1 General : Seal band joints with gasket material. Place

gasket material in accordance with the plan details.

701.06.3 2 Circular Section : Connecting bands shall be of an

approved design. Install in accordance with plan details.

701.06.3 3 Arch Section : Connecting bands shall be a minimum

of 12 inches wide for a pipe arch less than 36 inches round equivalent diameter, and a minimum of 21 inches wide for pipe arch 36 inches round equivalent diameter and greater. Connect bands at the ends by a pproved angle or strap connections. Use two -piece connecting bands for a pipe arch 36 inches round equivalent diameter and greater.

701.06.4 Plastic Pipe : Joints for plastic pipe shall be bell and spigot

or split coupling bands.

701.06.4 1 Bell and Spigot Type Joint Syste m: Join pipe

sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. After joints approval, seal with a rubber gasket material complying with

1007.08.4 1 .

701.06.4 2 Split Coupling Type Joint System : Split coupling

bands shall comply with all dimensional and material requirements of

1006.06 Center the bands over the joint. Secure the split coupling band to

the pipe with a minimum of five stainless steel or other approved corrosion resistant bands. After joints approval, seal with gasket material. Place gasket material in the first two corrugation recesses on each side of the pipe connection. Also place gasket material on each band connection to prevent leakage. When using flexible plastic gasket materia l, it shall be a minimum of 1/2 inch in size. Tighten the bands to create overlap of the band and adequately compress the gasket material.

701.06.5 Connections : Use approved connections when joining

new pipes to existing pipes. When using concrete collars to extend the ends of existing pipes that have been damaged or to join different types or sizes of pipes, construct the concrete collars in accordance with plan details, the applicable requirements of Section 901 , and as directed. For Type 1 joints, place approved gasket material in one corrugation recess on each side of the joint at the coupling band and on each band connection in such manner to prevent leakage. When Type 2 or 3 joints are specified, join metal pipe sections as follows:

701.06.3 1 General : Seal band joints with gasket material. Place

gasket material in accordance with the plan details.

701.06.3 2 Circular Section : Connecting bands shall be of an

approved design. Install in accordance with plan details.

701.06.3 3 Arch Section : Connecting bands shall be a minimum

of 12 inches wide for a pipe arch less than 36 inches round equivalent diameter, and a minimum of 21 inches wide for pipe arch 36 inches round equivalent diameter and greater. Connect bands at the ends by a pproved angle or strap connections. Use two -piece connecting bands for a pipe arch 36 inches round equivalent diameter and greater.

701.06.4 Plastic Pipe : Joints for plastic pipe shall be bell and spigot

or split coupling bands.

701.06.4 1 Bell and Spigot Type Joint Syste m: Join pipe

sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. After joints approval, seal with a rubber gasket material complying with

1007.08.4 1 .

701.06.4 2 Split Coupling Type Joint System : Split coupling

bands shall comply with all dimensional and material requirements of

1006.06 Center the bands over the joint. Secure the split coupling band to

the pipe with a minimum of five stainless steel or other approved corrosion resistant bands. After joints approval, seal with gasket material. Place gasket material in the first two corrugation recesses on each side of the pipe connection. Also place gasket material on each band connection to prevent leakage. When using flexible plastic gasket materia l, it shall be a minimum of 1/2 inch in size. Tighten the bands to create overlap of the band and adequately compress the gasket material.

701.06.5 Connections : Use approved connections when joining

new pipes to existing pipes. When using concrete collars to extend the ends of existing pipes that have been damaged or to join different types or sizes of pipes, construct the concrete collars in accordance with plan details, the applicable requirements of Section 901 , and as directed. For Type 1 joints, place approved gasket material in one corrugation recess on each side of the joint at the coupling band and on each band connection in such manner to prevent leakage. When Type 2 or 3 joints are specified, join metal pipe sections as follows:

701.06.3 1 General : Seal band joints with gasket material. Place

gasket material in accordance with the plan details.

701.06.3 2 Circular Section : Connecting bands shall be of an

approved design. Install in accordance with plan details.

701.06.3 3 Arch Section : Connecting bands shall be a minimum

of 12 inches wide for a pipe arch less than 36 inches round equivalent diameter, and a minimum of 21 inches wide for pipe arch 36 inches round equivalent diameter and greater. Connect bands at the ends by a pproved angle or strap connections. Use two -piece connecting bands for a pipe arch 36 inches round equivalent diameter and greater.

701.06.4 Plastic Pipe : Joints for plastic pipe shall be bell and spigot

or split coupling bands.

701.06.4 1 Bell and Spigot Type Joint Syste m: Join pipe

sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. After joints approval, seal with a rubber gasket material complying with

1007.08.4 1 .

701.06.4 2 Split Coupling Type Joint System : Split coupling

bands shall comply with all dimensional and material requirements of

1006.06 Center the bands over the joint. Secure the split coupling band to

the pipe with a minimum of five stainless steel or other approved corrosion resistant bands. After joints approval, seal with gasket material. Place gasket material in the first two corrugation recesses on each side of the pipe connection. Also place gasket material on each band connection to prevent leakage. When using flexible plastic gasket materia l, it shall be a minimum of 1/2 inch in size. Tighten the bands to create overlap of the band and adequately compress the gasket material.

701.06.5 Connections : Use approved connections when joining

new pipes to existing pipes. When using concrete collars to extend the ends of existing pipes that have been damaged or to join different types or sizes of pipes, construct the concrete collars in accordance with plan details, the applicable requirements of Section 901 , and as directed. For Type 1 joints, place approved gasket material in one corrugation recess on each side of the joint at the coupling band and on each band connection in such manner to prevent leakage. When Type 2 or 3 joints are specified, join metal pipe sections as follows:

701.06.3 1 General : Seal band joints with gasket material. Place

gasket material in accordance with the plan details.

701.06.3 2 Circular Section : Connecting bands shall be of an

approved design. Install in accordance with plan details.

701.06.3 3 Arch Section : Connecting bands shall be a minimum

of 12 inches wide for a pipe arch less than 36 inches round equivalent diameter, and a minimum of 21 inches wide for pipe arch 36 inches round equivalent diameter and greater. Connect bands at the ends by a pproved angle or strap connections. Use two -piece connecting bands for a pipe arch 36 inches round equivalent diameter and greater.

701.06.4 Plastic Pipe : Joints for plastic pipe shall be bell and spigot

or split coupling bands.

701.06.4 1 Bell and Spigot Type Joint Syste m: Join pipe

sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. After joints approval, seal with a rubber gasket material complying with

1007.08.4 1 .

701.06.4 2 Split Coupling Type Joint System : Split coupling

bands shall comply with all dimensional and material requirements of

1006.06 Center the bands over the joint. Secure the split coupling band to

the pipe with a minimum of five stainless steel or other approved corrosion resistant bands. After joints approval, seal with gasket material. Place gasket material in the first two corrugation recesses on each side of the pipe connection. Also place gasket material on each band connection to prevent leakage. When using flexible plastic gasket materia l, it shall be a minimum of 1/2 inch in size. Tighten the bands to create overlap of the band and adequately compress the gasket material.

701.06.5 Connections : Use approved connections when joining

new pipes to existing pipes. When using concrete collars to extend the ends of existing pipes that have been damaged or to join different types or sizes of pipes, construct the concrete collars in accordance with plan details, the applicable requirements of Section 901 , and as directed. For Type 1 joints, place approved gasket material in one corrugation recess on each side of the joint at the coupling band and on each band connection in such manner to prevent leakage. When Type 2 or 3 joints are specified, join metal pipe sections as follows:

701.06.3 1 General : Seal band joints with gasket material. Place

gasket material in accordance with the plan details.

701.06.3 2 Circular Section : Connecting bands shall be of an

approved design. Install in accordance with plan details.

701.06.3 3 Arch Section : Connecting bands shall be a minimum

of 12 inches wide for a pipe arch less than 36 inches round equivalent diameter, and a minimum of 21 inches wide for pipe arch 36 inches round equivalent diameter and greater. Connect bands at the ends by a pproved angle or strap connections. Use two -piece connecting bands for a pipe arch 36 inches round equivalent diameter and greater.

701.06.4 Plastic Pipe : Joints for plastic pipe shall be bell and spigot

or split coupling bands.

701.06.4 1 Bell and Spigot Type Joint Syste m: Join pipe

sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. After joints approval, seal with a rubber gasket material complying with

1007.08.4 1 .

701.06.4 2 Split Coupling Type Joint System : Split coupling

bands shall comply with all dimensional and material requirements of

1006.06 Center the bands over the joint. Secure the split coupling band to

the pipe with a minimum of five stainless steel or other approved corrosion resistant bands. After joints approval, seal with gasket material. Place gasket material in the first two corrugation recesses on each side of the pipe connection. Also place gasket material on each band connection to prevent leakage. When using flexible plastic gasket materia l, it shall be a minimum of 1/2 inch in size. Tighten the bands to create overlap of the band and adequately compress the gasket material.

701.06.5 Connections : Use approved connections when joining

new pipes to existing pipes. When using concrete collars to extend the ends of existing pipes that have been damaged or to join different types or sizes of pipes, construct the concrete collars in accordance with plan details, the applicable requirements of Section 901 , and as directed. For Type 1 joints, place approved gasket material in one corrugation recess on each side of the joint at the coupling band and on each band connection in such manner to prevent leakage. When Type 2 or 3 joints are specified, join metal pipe sections as follows:

701.06.3 1 General : Seal band joints with gasket material. Place

gasket material in accordance with the plan details.

701.06.3 2 Circular Section : Connecting bands shall be of an

approved design. Install in accordance with plan details.

701.06.3 3 Arch Section : Connecting bands shall be a minimum

of 12 inches wide for a pipe arch less than 36 inches round equivalent diameter, and a minimum of 21 inches wide for pipe arch 36 inches round equivalent diameter and greater. Connect bands at the ends by a pproved angle or strap connections. Use two -piece connecting bands for a pipe arch 36 inches round equivalent diameter and greater.

701.06.4 Plastic Pipe : Joints for plastic pipe shall be bell and spigot

or split coupling bands.

701.06.4 1 Bell and Spigot Type Joint Syste m: Join pipe

sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. After joints approval, seal with a rubber gasket material complying with

1007.08.4 1 .

701.06.4 2 Split Coupling Type Joint System : Split coupling

bands shall comply with all dimensional and material requirements of

1006.06 Center the bands over the joint. Secure the split coupling band to

the pipe with a minimum of five stainless steel or other approved corrosion resistant bands. After joints approval, seal with gasket material. Place gasket material in the first two corrugation recesses on each side of the pipe connection. Also place gasket material on each band connection to prevent leakage. When using flexible plastic gasket materia l, it shall be a minimum of 1/2 inch in size. Tighten the bands to create overlap of the band and adequately compress the gasket material.

701.06.5 Connections : Use approved connections when joining

new pipes to existing pipes. When using concrete collars to extend the ends of existing pipes that have been damaged or to join different types or sizes of pipes, construct the concrete collars in accordance with plan details, the applicable requirements of Section 901 , and as directed. For Type 1 joints, place approved gasket material in one corrugation recess on each side of the joint at the coupling band and on each band connection in such manner to prevent leakage. When Type 2 or 3 joints are specified, join metal pipe sections as follows:

701.06.3 1 General : Seal band joints with gasket material. Place

gasket material in accordance with the plan details.

701.06.3 2 Circular Section : Connecting bands shall be of an

approved design. Install in accordance with plan details.

701.06.3 3 Arch Section : Connecting bands shall be a minimum

of 12 inches wide for a pipe arch less than 36 inches round equivalent diameter, and a minimum of 21 inches wide for pipe arch 36 inches round equivalent diameter and greater. Connect bands at the ends by a pproved angle or strap connections. Use two -piece connecting bands for a pipe arch 36 inches round equivalent diameter and greater.

701.06.4 Plastic Pipe : Joints for plastic pipe shall be bell and spigot

or split coupling bands.

701.06.4 1 Bell and Spigot Type Joint Syste m: Join pipe

sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. After joints approval, seal with a rubber gasket material complying with

1007.08.4 1 .

701.06.4 2 Split Coupling Type Joint System : Split coupling

bands shall comply with all dimensional and material requirements of

1006.06 Center the bands over the joint. Secure the split coupling band to

the pipe with a minimum of five stainless steel or other approved corrosion resistant bands. After joints approval, seal with gasket material. Place gasket material in the first two corrugation recesses on each side of the pipe connection. Also place gasket material on each band connection to prevent leakage. When using flexible plastic gasket materia l, it shall be a minimum of 1/2 inch in size. Tighten the bands to create overlap of the band and adequately compress the gasket material.

701.06.5 Connections : Use approved connections when joining

new pipes to existing pipes. When using concrete collars to extend the ends of existing pipes that have been damaged or to join different types or sizes of pipes, construct the concrete collars in accordance with plan details, the applicable requirements of Section 901 , and as directed. For Type 1 joints, place approved gasket material in one corrugation recess on each side of the joint at the coupling band and on each band connection in such manner to prevent leakage. When Type 2 or 3 joints are specified, join metal pipe sections as follows:

701.06.3 1 General : Seal band joints with gasket material. Place

gasket material in accordance with the plan details.

701.06.3 2 Circular Section : Connecting bands shall be of an

approved design. Install in accordance with plan details.

701.06.3 3 Arch Section : Connecting bands shall be a minimum

of 12 inches wide for a pipe arch less than 36 inches round equivalent diameter, and a minimum of 21 inches wide for pipe arch 36 inches round equivalent diameter and greater. Connect bands at the ends by a pproved angle or strap connections. Use two -piece connecting bands for a pipe arch 36 inches round equivalent diameter and greater.

701.06.4 Plastic Pipe : Joints for plastic pipe shall be bell and spigot

or split coupling bands.

701.06.4 1 Bell and Spigot Type Joint Syste m: Join pipe

sections so that ends are fully entered and inner surfaces are flush and even. Use any approved method for joining pipe that does not damage the pipe. After joints approval, seal with a rubber gasket material complying with

1007.08.4 1 .

701.06.4 2 Split Coupling Type Joint System : Split coupling

bands shall comply with all dimensional and material requirements of

1006.06 Center the bands over the joint. Secure the split coupling band to

the pipe with a minimum of five stainless steel or other approved corrosion resistant bands. After joints approval, seal with gasket material. Place gasket material in the first two corrugation recesses on each side of the pipe connection. Also place gasket material on each band connection to prevent leakage. When using flexible plastic gasket materia l, it shall be a minimum of 1/2 inch in size. Tighten the bands to create overlap of the band and adequately compress the gasket material.

701.06.5 Connections : Use approved connections when joining

new pipes to existing pipes. When using concrete collars to extend the ends of existing pipes that have been damaged or to join different types or sizes of pipes, construct the concrete collars in accordance with plan details, the applicable requirements of Section 901 , and as directed.

701.06.6 Geotextile Fabric Wrapped Pipe Joints : For concrete,

metal, and plastic pipes, use Types 2 and 3 joints wrapped with geotextile fabric for a minimum of 12 inches on each side of the joint for pipe 36 inches or less in diameter and a minimum of 18 inches on each side of th e joint for pipe greater than 36 inches in diameter. Wrap the ends of the fabric around the circumference of the pipe and overlap at least 10 inches. Secure the edges and ends of fabric for the entire circumference of the pipe.

701.07 RELAYING PIPE. If specified or directed, remove existing

pipes and relay suitable sections as specified for new pipes.

701.08 Backfilling.

701.08.1 General : Prior to backfilling, remove pipes found to be

damaged or out of alignment or grade; reinstall or replace. Type A backfill material shall be stone, recycled portland cement concrete, flowable fill, or RAP. Type B backfill materials are select soils. Select soils are natural soils with a maximum PI of 20, a maximum liquid limit of 35, and a maximum organic content of 5 percent. So ils with a silt content of 50 percent or greater and also a PI of 10 or less will not be allowed. Where Type B backfill materials are called for, Type A backfill materials may be substituted. When using corrugated metal pipe, the backfill material shall be tested and shall have a resistivity greater than 1500 ohm-cm and a pH greater than 5 when tested in accordance with DOTD TR 429 and DOTD TR 430 respectively. When using Type A backfill material, place geotextile fabric to surround this backfill in accordance with 726.03 between the aggregate backfill material and all other natural or placed soils in the trench or embankment. Take care to prevent damage to geotextile fabric during placement of backfill material. For concrete pipe, enclose not only the initial backfill with the fabric, but wrap the fabric over the top of the pipe with at least 12 inches of overlap. When using a trench box or trench sheeting in unstable soils and/or for worker safety, and when moved during backfilling operations, immediately fill and provide additional compaction of the disturbed zone of backfill to the satisfaction of the engineer.

701.06.6 Geotextile Fabric Wrapped Pipe Joints : For concrete,

metal, and plastic pipes, use Types 2 and 3 joints wrapped with geotextile fabric for a minimum of 12 inches on each side of the joint for pipe 36 inches or less in diameter and a minimum of 18 inches on each side of th e joint for pipe greater than 36 inches in diameter. Wrap the ends of the fabric around the circumference of the pipe and overlap at least 10 inches. Secure the edges and ends of fabric for the entire circumference of the pipe.

701.07 RELAYING PIPE. If specified or directed, remove existing

pipes and relay suitable sections as specified for new pipes.

701.08 Backfilling.

701.08.1 General : Prior to backfilling, remove pipes found to be

damaged or out of alignment or grade; reinstall or replace. Type A backfill material shall be stone, recycled portland cement concrete, flowable fill, or RAP. Type B backfill materials are select soils. Select soils are natural soils with a maximum PI of 20, a maximum liquid limit of 35, and a maximum organic content of 5 percent. So ils with a silt content of 50 percent or greater and also a PI of 10 or less will not be allowed. Where Type B backfill materials are called for, Type A backfill materials may be substituted. When using corrugated metal pipe, the backfill material shall be tested and shall have a resistivity greater than 1500 ohm-cm and a pH greater than 5 when tested in accordance with DOTD TR 429 and DOTD TR 430 respectively. When using Type A backfill material, place geotextile fabric to surround this backfill in accordance with 726.03 between the aggregate backfill material and all other natural or placed soils in the trench or embankment. Take care to prevent damage to geotextile fabric during placement of backfill material. For concrete pipe, enclose not only the initial backfill with the fabric, but wrap the fabric over the top of the pipe with at least 12 inches of overlap. When using a trench box or trench sheeting in unstable soils and/or for worker safety, and when moved during backfilling operations, immediately fill and provide additional compaction of the disturbed zone of backfill to the satisfaction of the engineer.

701.06.6 Geotextile Fabric Wrapped Pipe Joints : For concrete,

metal, and plastic pipes, use Types 2 and 3 joints wrapped with geotextile fabric for a minimum of 12 inches on each side of the joint for pipe 36 inches or less in diameter and a minimum of 18 inches on each side of th e joint for pipe greater than 36 inches in diameter. Wrap the ends of the fabric around the circumference of the pipe and overlap at least 10 inches. Secure the edges and ends of fabric for the entire circumference of the pipe.

701.07 RELAYING PIPE. If specified or directed, remove existing

pipes and relay suitable sections as specified for new pipes.

701.08 Backfilling.

701.08.1 General : Prior to backfilling, remove pipes found to be

damaged or out of alignment or grade; reinstall or replace. Type A backfill material shall be stone, recycled portland cement concrete, flowable fill, or RAP. Type B backfill materials are select soils. Select soils are natural soils with a maximum PI of 20, a maximum liquid limit of 35, and a maximum organic content of 5 percent. So ils with a silt content of 50 percent or greater and also a PI of 10 or less will not be allowed. Where Type B backfill materials are called for, Type A backfill materials may be substituted. When using corrugated metal pipe, the backfill material shall be tested and shall have a resistivity greater than 1500 ohm-cm and a pH greater than 5 when tested in accordance with DOTD TR 429 and DOTD TR 430 respectively. When using Type A backfill material, place geotextile fabric to surround this backfill in accordance with 726.03 between the aggregate backfill material and all other natural or placed soils in the trench or embankment. Take care to prevent damage to geotextile fabric during placement of backfill material. For concrete pipe, enclose not only the initial backfill with the fabric, but wrap the fabric over the top of the pipe with at least 12 inches of overlap. When using a trench box or trench sheeting in unstable soils and/or for worker safety, and when moved during backfilling operations, immediately fill and provide additional compaction of the disturbed zone of backfill to the satisfaction of the engineer.

701.06.6 Geotextile Fabric Wrapped Pipe Joints : For concrete,

metal, and plastic pipes, use Types 2 and 3 joints wrapped with geotextile fabric for a minimum of 12 inches on each side of the joint for pipe 36 inches or less in diameter and a minimum of 18 inches on each side of th e joint for pipe greater than 36 inches in diameter. Wrap the ends of the fabric around the circumference of the pipe and overlap at least 10 inches. Secure the edges and ends of fabric for the entire circumference of the pipe.

701.07 RELAYING PIPE. If specified or directed, remove existing

pipes and relay suitable sections as specified for new pipes.

701.08 Backfilling.

701.08.1 General : Prior to backfilling, remove pipes found to be

damaged or out of alignment or grade; reinstall or replace. Type A backfill material shall be stone, recycled portland cement concrete, flowable fill, or RAP. Type B backfill materials are select soils. Select soils are natural soils with a maximum PI of 20, a maximum liquid limit of 35, and a maximum organic content of 5 percent. So ils with a silt content of 50 percent or greater and also a PI of 10 or less will not be allowed. Where Type B backfill materials are called for, Type A backfill materials may be substituted. When using corrugated metal pipe, the backfill material shall be tested and shall have a resistivity greater than 1500 ohm-cm and a pH greater than 5 when tested in accordance with DOTD TR 429 and DOTD TR 430 respectively. When using Type A backfill material, place geotextile fabric to surround this backfill in accordance with 726.03 between the aggregate backfill material and all other natural or placed soils in the trench or embankment. Take care to prevent damage to geotextile fabric during placement of backfill material. For concrete pipe, enclose not only the initial backfill with the fabric, but wrap the fabric over the top of the pipe with at least 12 inches of overlap. When using a trench box or trench sheeting in unstable soils and/or for worker safety, and when moved during backfilling operations, immediately fill and provide additional compaction of the disturbed zone of backfill to the satisfaction of the engineer.

701.06.6 Geotextile Fabric Wrapped Pipe Joints : For concrete,

metal, and plastic pipes, use Types 2 and 3 joints wrapped with geotextile fabric for a minimum of 12 inches on each side of the joint for pipe 36 inches or less in diameter and a minimum of 18 inches on each side of th e joint for pipe greater than 36 inches in diameter. Wrap the ends of the fabric around the circumference of the pipe and overlap at least 10 inches. Secure the edges and ends of fabric for the entire circumference of the pipe.

701.07 RELAYING PIPE. If specified or directed, remove existing

pipes and relay suitable sections as specified for new pipes.

701.08 Backfilling.

701.08.1 General : Prior to backfilling, remove pipes found to be

damaged or out of alignment or grade; reinstall or replace. Type A backfill material shall be stone, recycled portland cement concrete, flowable fill, or RAP. Type B backfill materials are select soils. Select soils are natural soils with a maximum PI of 20, a maximum liquid limit of 35, and a maximum organic content of 5 percent. So ils with a silt content of 50 percent or greater and also a PI of 10 or less will not be allowed. Where Type B backfill materials are called for, Type A backfill materials may be substituted. When using corrugated metal pipe, the backfill material shall be tested and shall have a resistivity greater than 1500 ohm-cm and a pH greater than 5 when tested in accordance with DOTD TR 429 and DOTD TR 430 respectively. When using Type A backfill material, place geotextile fabric to surround this backfill in accordance with 726.03 between the aggregate backfill material and all other natural or placed soils in the trench or embankment. Take care to prevent damage to geotextile fabric during placement of backfill material. For concrete pipe, enclose not only the initial backfill with the fabric, but wrap the fabric over the top of the pipe with at least 12 inches of overlap. When using a trench box or trench sheeting in unstable soils and/or for worker safety, and when moved during backfilling operations, immediately fill and provide additional compaction of the disturbed zone of backfill to the satisfaction of the engineer. Initial backfill is a structural backfill encasing the pipe from the bottom of the pipe to the springline for concrete pipe and to a point one foot above the top of the pipe for both metal and plastic pipe. Final backfill is not a structural backfill. Final backfill extends from the top of the initial backfill to the top of the natural ground or subgrade in cut areas or to the top of existing ground in fill areas. Consider and treat any fill required above the final backfill as embankment.

701.08.2 Backfill Applications : For projects using the A+B+C

bidding method where considering rigid and flexible pavement alternates, use the backfill application in 701.08.2.2 for either rigid or flexible pavements.

701.08.2 1 Pipe Under Concrete Pavements : Type B

backfill may be used as initial and final backfill for all pipes, culverts, or drains under portland cement concrete pavements. Place and compact as specified in 701.08. 4.

701.08.2 2 Cross Drains Under Flexible Pavements : All

reaches of cross drains, exclusive of those portions of the pipe which are under shoulders, and all other culverts, pipes, or drains that cross the centerlines of new or existing flexible pavement roadways, including intersections that are under flexible pavements, shall receive an initial backfill of Type A material. Type B backfill materials may be used as final backfill for all pipes. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.3 and

701.08.4 Where the subgrade is above existing ground, use emba nkment

material as specified for the remainder of the project from the top of the final backfill to the top of the established embankment grade.

701.08.2 3 Other Drains Under Flexible Pavements : All

reaches of all culverts, pipes, or drains under flexible pavements that do not cross the centerlines of new or existing roadways, and exclusive of those portions of the pipe which are totally under shoulders, shall receive an initial and final backfill of Type B material. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.4 . Where the subgrade is above existing ground, use embankment mater ial as specified for the remainder of the project from the top of the final backfill to the top of the established embankment grade.

701.08.2 4 Other Areas : All culverts, pipes, or drains in

unpaved areas or paved areas that serve as driveways or shoulders shall receive an initial and final backfill of Type B material. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.4 .

701.08.2 5 Pipes Subject to Construction Traffic : Construct

Initial backfill is a structural backfill encasing the pipe from the bottom of the pipe to the springline for concrete pipe and to a point one foot above the top of the pipe for both metal and plastic pipe. Final backfill is not a structural backfill. Final backfill extends from the top of the initial backfill to the top of the natural ground or subgrade in cut areas or to the top of existing ground in fill areas. Consider and treat any fill required above the final backfill as embankment.

701.08.2 Backfill Applications : For projects using the A+B+C

bidding method where considering rigid and flexible pavement alternates, use the backfill application in 701.08.2.2 for either rigid or flexible pavements.

701.08.2 1 Pipe Under Concrete Pavements : Type B

backfill may be used as initial and final backfill for all pipes, culverts, or drains under portland cement concrete pavements. Place and compact as specified in 701.08. 4.

701.08.2 2 Cross Drains Under Flexible Pavements : All

reaches of cross drains, exclusive of those portions of the pipe which are under shoulders, and all other culverts, pipes, or drains that cross the centerlines of new or existing flexible pavement roadways, including intersections that are under flexible pavements, shall receive an initial backfill of Type A material. Type B backfill materials may be used as final backfill for all pipes. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.3 and

701.08.4 Where the subgrade is above existing ground, use emba nkment

material as specified for the remainder of the project from the top of the final backfill to the top of the established embankment grade.

701.08.2 3 Other Drains Under Flexible Pavements : All

reaches of all culverts, pipes, or drains under flexible pavements that do not cross the centerlines of new or existing roadways, and exclusive of those portions of the pipe which are totally under shoulders, shall receive an initial and final backfill of Type B material. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.4 . Where the subgrade is above existing ground, use embankment mater ial as specified for the remainder of the project from the top of the final backfill to the top of the established embankment grade.

701.08.2 4 Other Areas : All culverts, pipes, or drains in

unpaved areas or paved areas that serve as driveways or shoulders shall receive an initial and final backfill of Type B material. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.4 .

701.08.2 5 Pipes Subject to Construction Traffic : Construct

Initial backfill is a structural backfill encasing the pipe from the bottom of the pipe to the springline for concrete pipe and to a point one foot above the top of the pipe for both metal and plastic pipe. Final backfill is not a structural backfill. Final backfill extends from the top of the initial backfill to the top of the natural ground or subgrade in cut areas or to the top of existing ground in fill areas. Consider and treat any fill required above the final backfill as embankment.

701.08.2 Backfill Applications : For projects using the A+B+C

bidding method where considering rigid and flexible pavement alternates, use the backfill application in 701.08.2.2 for either rigid or flexible pavements.

701.08.2 1 Pipe Under Concrete Pavements : Type B

backfill may be used as initial and final backfill for all pipes, culverts, or drains under portland cement concrete pavements. Place and compact as specified in 701.08. 4.

701.08.2 2 Cross Drains Under Flexible Pavements : All

reaches of cross drains, exclusive of those portions of the pipe which are under shoulders, and all other culverts, pipes, or drains that cross the centerlines of new or existing flexible pavement roadways, including intersections that are under flexible pavements, shall receive an initial backfill of Type A material. Type B backfill materials may be used as final backfill for all pipes. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.3 and

701.08.4 Where the subgrade is above existing ground, use emba nkment

material as specified for the remainder of the project from the top of the final backfill to the top of the established embankment grade.

701.08.2 3 Other Drains Under Flexible Pavements : All

reaches of all culverts, pipes, or drains under flexible pavements that do not cross the centerlines of new or existing roadways, and exclusive of those portions of the pipe which are totally under shoulders, shall receive an initial and final backfill of Type B material. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.4 . Where the subgrade is above existing ground, use embankment mater ial as specified for the remainder of the project from the top of the final backfill to the top of the established embankment grade.

701.08.2 4 Other Areas : All culverts, pipes, or drains in

unpaved areas or paved areas that serve as driveways or shoulders shall receive an initial and final backfill of Type B material. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.4 .

701.08.2 5 Pipes Subject to Construction Traffic : Construct

Initial backfill is a structural backfill encasing the pipe from the bottom of the pipe to the springline for concrete pipe and to a point one foot above the top of the pipe for both metal and plastic pipe. Final backfill is not a structural backfill. Final backfill extends from the top of the initial backfill to the top of the natural ground or subgrade in cut areas or to the top of existing ground in fill areas. Consider and treat any fill required above the final backfill as embankment.

701.08.2 Backfill Applications : For projects using the A+B+C

bidding method where considering rigid and flexible pavement alternates, use the backfill application in 701.08.2.2 for either rigid or flexible pavements.

701.08.2 1 Pipe Under Concrete Pavements : Type B

backfill may be used as initial and final backfill for all pipes, culverts, or drains under portland cement concrete pavements. Place and compact as specified in 701.08. 4.

701.08.2 2 Cross Drains Under Flexible Pavements : All

reaches of cross drains, exclusive of those portions of the pipe which are under shoulders, and all other culverts, pipes, or drains that cross the centerlines of new or existing flexible pavement roadways, including intersections that are under flexible pavements, shall receive an initial backfill of Type A material. Type B backfill materials may be used as final backfill for all pipes. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.3 and

701.08.4 Where the subgrade is above existing ground, use emba nkment

material as specified for the remainder of the project from the top of the final backfill to the top of the established embankment grade.

701.08.2 3 Other Drains Under Flexible Pavements : All

reaches of all culverts, pipes, or drains under flexible pavements that do not cross the centerlines of new or existing roadways, and exclusive of those portions of the pipe which are totally under shoulders, shall receive an initial and final backfill of Type B material. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.4 . Where the subgrade is above existing ground, use embankment mater ial as specified for the remainder of the project from the top of the final backfill to the top of the established embankment grade.

701.08.2 4 Other Areas : All culverts, pipes, or drains in

unpaved areas or paved areas that serve as driveways or shoulders shall receive an initial and final backfill of Type B material. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.4 .

701.08.2 5 Pipes Subject to Construction Traffic : Construct

Initial backfill is a structural backfill encasing the pipe from the bottom of the pipe to the springline for concrete pipe and to a point one foot above the top of the pipe for both metal and plastic pipe. Final backfill is not a structural backfill. Final backfill extends from the top of the initial backfill to the top of the natural ground or subgrade in cut areas or to the top of existing ground in fill areas. Consider and treat any fill required above the final backfill as embankment.

701.08.2 Backfill Applications : For projects using the A+B+C

bidding method where considering rigid and flexible pavement alternates, use the backfill application in 701.08.2.2 for either rigid or flexible pavements.

701.08.2 1 Pipe Under Concrete Pavements : Type B

backfill may be used as initial and final backfill for all pipes, culverts, or drains under portland cement concrete pavements. Place and compact as specified in 701.08. 4.

701.08.2 2 Cross Drains Under Flexible Pavements : All

reaches of cross drains, exclusive of those portions of the pipe which are under shoulders, and all other culverts, pipes, or drains that cross the centerlines of new or existing flexible pavement roadways, including intersections that are under flexible pavements, shall receive an initial backfill of Type A material. Type B backfill materials may be used as final backfill for all pipes. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.3 and

701.08.4 Where the subgrade is above existing ground, use emba nkment

material as specified for the remainder of the project from the top of the final backfill to the top of the established embankment grade.

701.08.2 3 Other Drains Under Flexible Pavements : All

reaches of all culverts, pipes, or drains under flexible pavements that do not cross the centerlines of new or existing roadways, and exclusive of those portions of the pipe which are totally under shoulders, shall receive an initial and final backfill of Type B material. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.4 . Where the subgrade is above existing ground, use embankment mater ial as specified for the remainder of the project from the top of the final backfill to the top of the established embankment grade.

701.08.2 4 Other Areas : All culverts, pipes, or drains in

unpaved areas or paved areas that serve as driveways or shoulders shall receive an initial and final backfill of Type B material. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.4 .

701.08.2 5 Pipes Subject to Construction Traffic : Construct

Initial backfill is a structural backfill encasing the pipe from the bottom of the pipe to the springline for concrete pipe and to a point one foot above the top of the pipe for both metal and plastic pipe. Final backfill is not a structural backfill. Final backfill extends from the top of the initial backfill to the top of the natural ground or subgrade in cut areas or to the top of existing ground in fill areas. Consider and treat any fill required above the final backfill as embankment.

701.08.2 Backfill Applications : For projects using the A+B+C

bidding method where considering rigid and flexible pavement alternates, use the backfill application in 701.08.2.2 for either rigid or flexible pavements.

701.08.2 1 Pipe Under Concrete Pavements : Type B

backfill may be used as initial and final backfill for all pipes, culverts, or drains under portland cement concrete pavements. Place and compact as specified in 701.08. 4.

701.08.2 2 Cross Drains Under Flexible Pavements : All

reaches of cross drains, exclusive of those portions of the pipe which are under shoulders, and all other culverts, pipes, or drains that cross the centerlines of new or existing flexible pavement roadways, including intersections that are under flexible pavements, shall receive an initial backfill of Type A material. Type B backfill materials may be used as final backfill for all pipes. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.3 and

701.08.4 Where the subgrade is above existing ground, use emba nkment

material as specified for the remainder of the project from the top of the final backfill to the top of the established embankment grade.

701.08.2 3 Other Drains Under Flexible Pavements : All

reaches of all culverts, pipes, or drains under flexible pavements that do not cross the centerlines of new or existing roadways, and exclusive of those portions of the pipe which are totally under shoulders, shall receive an initial and final backfill of Type B material. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.4 . Where the subgrade is above existing ground, use embankment mater ial as specified for the remainder of the project from the top of the final backfill to the top of the established embankment grade.

701.08.2 4 Other Areas : All culverts, pipes, or drains in

unpaved areas or paved areas that serve as driveways or shoulders shall receive an initial and final backfill of Type B material. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.4 .

701.08.2 5 Pipes Subject to Construction Traffic : Construct

Initial backfill is a structural backfill encasing the pipe from the bottom of the pipe to the springline for concrete pipe and to a point one foot above the top of the pipe for both metal and plastic pipe. Final backfill is not a structural backfill. Final backfill extends from the top of the initial backfill to the top of the natural ground or subgrade in cut areas or to the top of existing ground in fill areas. Consider and treat any fill required above the final backfill as embankment.

701.08.2 Backfill Applications : For projects using the A+B+C

bidding method where considering rigid and flexible pavement alternates, use the backfill application in 701.08.2.2 for either rigid or flexible pavements.

701.08.2 1 Pipe Under Concrete Pavements : Type B

backfill may be used as initial and final backfill for all pipes, culverts, or drains under portland cement concrete pavements. Place and compact as specified in 701.08. 4.

701.08.2 2 Cross Drains Under Flexible Pavements : All

reaches of cross drains, exclusive of those portions of the pipe which are under shoulders, and all other culverts, pipes, or drains that cross the centerlines of new or existing flexible pavement roadways, including intersections that are under flexible pavements, shall receive an initial backfill of Type A material. Type B backfill materials may be used as final backfill for all pipes. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.3 and

701.08.4 Where the subgrade is above existing ground, use emba nkment

material as specified for the remainder of the project from the top of the final backfill to the top of the established embankment grade.

701.08.2 3 Other Drains Under Flexible Pavements : All

reaches of all culverts, pipes, or drains under flexible pavements that do not cross the centerlines of new or existing roadways, and exclusive of those portions of the pipe which are totally under shoulders, shall receive an initial and final backfill of Type B material. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.4 . Where the subgrade is above existing ground, use embankment mater ial as specified for the remainder of the project from the top of the final backfill to the top of the established embankment grade.

701.08.2 4 Other Areas : All culverts, pipes, or drains in

unpaved areas or paved areas that serve as driveways or shoulders shall receive an initial and final backfill of Type B material. Place and compact as specified in 701.08.4 .

701.08.2 5 Pipes Subject to Construction Traffic : Construct

the embankment or pipe backfill to a minimum height of 24 inches over the pipe before allowing heavy construction equipment to cross the installation. Where practical, do not construct installations with less than 24 inches of cover over the top of the pipe until after completing the heavy hauling over the pipe location. After completion of hauling operations, remove excess cover material. Remove and reinstall or replace, pipe damaged by hauling and backfilling operations at no direct pay.

701.08.3 Placement and Compaction - Type A Backfill : For

all pipes, culverts, and conduits under paved and unpaved areas, where using Type A backfill material, thoroughly hand compact the Type A backfill under the pipe haunches and then dynamically compact in layers not exceeding 8 inches compacted thickness. Initially compact under the haunches of the pipe by hand tamping or other acceptable means, until reaching a level in which the dynamic tamping can commence. Compact each lift by applying at least eight passes of a hand operated, dynamic mechanical compaction device over the surface of each lift. With approval of the engineer, layer thickness may be increased to 12 inches with verificati on of satisfactory installation and performance. If using flowable fill, furnish, place, and consolidate in accordance with Section 710 . Control placement operati ons during initial backfill operations without damage to protective coatings on metal pipes. Repair damaged coatings at no additional pay.

701.08.4 Placement and Compaction - Type B Backfill : For

all pipes, culverts, and conduits where Type B backfill is allowe d, place the Type B material in layers not exceeding 8 inches compacted thickness. Compact with suitable mechanical equipment. With approval of the engineer, layer thickness may be increased to 12 inches with verification of satisfactory installation and performance.

701.08.5 Placement and Compaction - Trenchless or Partial

Trench Condition : All pipes, culverts, drains, and conduits placed with any portion of the pipe above existing ground shall comply with 701.08.1 ,

701.08.2 , 701.08.3 ; 701.08.4 shall be for the portion of the pipe within a

trench and the portion of the pipe not constructed in a trench. The initial and final backfill of that portion of pipe above existing ground and not within a trench shall be constructed to such a width that the requirements for placement, compaction, and density are met.

701.08.6 Density Requirements : The in -place density of Typ e A

backfill materials and bedding materials will not be measured or calculated. the embankment or pipe backfill to a minimum height of 24 inches over the pipe before allowing heavy construction equipment to cross the installation. Where practical, do not construct installations with less than 24 inches of cover over the top of the pipe until after completing the heavy hauling over the pipe location. After completion of hauling operations, remove excess cover material. Remove and reinstall or replace, pipe damaged by hauling and backfilling operations at no direct pay.

701.08.3 Placement and Compaction - Type A Backfill : For

all pipes, culverts, and conduits under paved and unpaved areas, where using Type A backfill material, thoroughly hand compact the Type A backfill under the pipe haunches and then dynamically compact in layers not exceeding 8 inches compacted thickness. Initially compact under the haunches of the pipe by hand tamping or other acceptable means, until reaching a level in which the dynamic tamping can commence. Compact each lift by applying at least eight passes of a hand operated, dynamic mechanical compaction device over the surface of each lift. With approval of the engineer, layer thickness may be increased to 12 inches with verificati on of satisfactory installation and performance. If using flowable fill, furnish, place, and consolidate in accordance with Section 710 . Control placement operati ons during initial backfill operations without damage to protective coatings on metal pipes. Repair damaged coatings at no additional pay.

701.08.4 Placement and Compaction - Type B Backfill : For

all pipes, culverts, and conduits where Type B backfill is allowe d, place the Type B material in layers not exceeding 8 inches compacted thickness. Compact with suitable mechanical equipment. With approval of the engineer, layer thickness may be increased to 12 inches with verification of satisfactory installation and performance.

701.08.5 Placement and Compaction - Trenchless or Partial

Trench Condition : All pipes, culverts, drains, and conduits placed with any portion of the pipe above existing ground shall comply with 701.08.1 ,

701.08.2 , 701.08.3 ; 701.08.4 shall be for the portion of the pipe within a

trench and the portion of the pipe not constructed in a trench. The initial and final backfill of that portion of pipe above existing ground and not within a trench shall be constructed to such a width that the requirements for placement, compaction, and density are met.

701.08.6 Density Requirements : The in -place density of Typ e A

backfill materials and bedding materials will not be measured or calculated. the embankment or pipe backfill to a minimum height of 24 inches over the pipe before allowing heavy construction equipment to cross the installation. Where practical, do not construct installations with less than 24 inches of cover over the top of the pipe until after completing the heavy hauling over the pipe location. After completion of hauling operations, remove excess cover material. Remove and reinstall or replace, pipe damaged by hauling and backfilling operations at no direct pay.

701.08.3 Placement and Compaction - Type A Backfill : For

all pipes, culverts, and conduits under paved and unpaved areas, where using Type A backfill material, thoroughly hand compact the Type A backfill under the pipe haunches and then dynamically compact in layers not exceeding 8 inches compacted thickness. Initially compact under the haunches of the pipe by hand tamping or other acceptable means, until reaching a level in which the dynamic tamping can commence. Compact each lift by applying at least eight passes of a hand operated, dynamic mechanical compaction device over the surface of each lift. With approval of the engineer, layer thickness may be increased to 12 inches with verificati on of satisfactory installation and performance. If using flowable fill, furnish, place, and consolidate in accordance with Section 710 . Control placement operati ons during initial backfill operations without damage to protective coatings on metal pipes. Repair damaged coatings at no additional pay.

701.08.4 Placement and Compaction - Type B Backfill : For

all pipes, culverts, and conduits where Type B backfill is allowe d, place the Type B material in layers not exceeding 8 inches compacted thickness. Compact with suitable mechanical equipment. With approval of the engineer, layer thickness may be increased to 12 inches with verification of satisfactory installation and performance.

701.08.5 Placement and Compaction - Trenchless or Partial

Trench Condition : All pipes, culverts, drains, and conduits placed with any portion of the pipe above existing ground shall comply with 701.08.1 ,

701.08.2 , 701.08.3 ; 701.08.4 shall be for the portion of the pipe within a

trench and the portion of the pipe not constructed in a trench. The initial and final backfill of that portion of pipe above existing ground and not within a trench shall be constructed to such a width that the requirements for placement, compaction, and density are met.

701.08.6 Density Requirements : The in -place density of Typ e A

backfill materials and bedding materials will not be measured or calculated. the embankment or pipe backfill to a minimum height of 24 inches over the pipe before allowing heavy construction equipment to cross the installation. Where practical, do not construct installations with less than 24 inches of cover over the top of the pipe until after completing the heavy hauling over the pipe location. After completion of hauling operations, remove excess cover material. Remove and reinstall or replace, pipe damaged by hauling and backfilling operations at no direct pay.

701.08.3 Placement and Compaction - Type A Backfill : For

all pipes, culverts, and conduits under paved and unpaved areas, where using Type A backfill material, thoroughly hand compact the Type A backfill under the pipe haunches and then dynamically compact in layers not exceeding 8 inches compacted thickness. Initially compact under the haunches of the pipe by hand tamping or other acceptable means, until reaching a level in which the dynamic tamping can commence. Compact each lift by applying at least eight passes of a hand operated, dynamic mechanical compaction device over the surface of each lift. With approval of the engineer, layer thickness may be increased to 12 inches with verificati on of satisfactory installation and performance. If using flowable fill, furnish, place, and consolidate in accordance with Section 710 . Control placement operati ons during initial backfill operations without damage to protective coatings on metal pipes. Repair damaged coatings at no additional pay.

701.08.4 Placement and Compaction - Type B Backfill : For

all pipes, culverts, and conduits where Type B backfill is allowe d, place the Type B material in layers not exceeding 8 inches compacted thickness. Compact with suitable mechanical equipment. With approval of the engineer, layer thickness may be increased to 12 inches with verification of satisfactory installation and performance.

701.08.5 Placement and Compaction - Trenchless or Partial

Trench Condition : All pipes, culverts, drains, and conduits placed with any portion of the pipe above existing ground shall comply with 701.08.1 ,

701.08.2 , 701.08.3 ; 701.08.4 shall be for the portion of the pipe within a

trench and the portion of the pipe not constructed in a trench. The initial and final backfill of that portion of pipe above existing ground and not within a trench shall be constructed to such a width that the requirements for placement, compaction, and density are met.

701.08.6 Density Requirements : The in -place density of Typ e A

backfill materials and bedding materials will not be measured or calculated. the embankment or pipe backfill to a minimum height of 24 inches over the pipe before allowing heavy construction equipment to cross the installation. Where practical, do not construct installations with less than 24 inches of cover over the top of the pipe until after completing the heavy hauling over the pipe location. After completion of hauling operations, remove excess cover material. Remove and reinstall or replace, pipe damaged by hauling and backfilling operations at no direct pay.

701.08.3 Placement and Compaction - Type A Backfill : For

all pipes, culverts, and conduits under paved and unpaved areas, where using Type A backfill material, thoroughly hand compact the Type A backfill under the pipe haunches and then dynamically compact in layers not exceeding 8 inches compacted thickness. Initially compact under the haunches of the pipe by hand tamping or other acceptable means, until reaching a level in which the dynamic tamping can commence. Compact each lift by applying at least eight passes of a hand operated, dynamic mechanical compaction device over the surface of each lift. With approval of the engineer, layer thickness may be increased to 12 inches with verificati on of satisfactory installation and performance. If using flowable fill, furnish, place, and consolidate in accordance with Section 710 . Control placement operati ons during initial backfill operations without damage to protective coatings on metal pipes. Repair damaged coatings at no additional pay.

701.08.4 Placement and Compaction - Type B Backfill : For

all pipes, culverts, and conduits where Type B backfill is allowe d, place the Type B material in layers not exceeding 8 inches compacted thickness. Compact with suitable mechanical equipment. With approval of the engineer, layer thickness may be increased to 12 inches with verification of satisfactory installation and performance.

701.08.5 Placement and Compaction - Trenchless or Partial

Trench Condition : All pipes, culverts, drains, and conduits placed with any portion of the pipe above existing ground shall comply with 701.08.1 ,

701.08.2 , 701.08.3 ; 701.08.4 shall be for the portion of the pipe within a

trench and the portion of the pipe not constructed in a trench. The initial and final backfill of that portion of pipe above existing ground and not within a trench shall be constructed to such a width that the requirements for placement, compaction, and density are met.

701.08.6 Density Requirements : The in -place density of Typ e A

backfill materials and bedding materials will not be measured or calculated. Place Type A backfill, exclusive of RAP and flowable fill, at or near optimum moisture content in accordance with DOTD TR 415 or 418. Place and compact RAP materials in a sl ightly moist condition. Determine the maximum dry density of initial or final Type B backfill under all paved areas which are to be under traffic in accordance with DOTD TR 415 or TR 418. Determine in-place density in accordance with DOTD TR 401. Place initial and final Type B backfill under all paved areas under traffic, at or near optimum moisture content in accordance with DOTD TR 415 or TR 418. Compact each layer by approved methods prior to the placement of a subsequent layer. The engineer will approve the compaction method upon validation that such method, including moisture control, will achieve at least 95 percent of maximum dry density in accordance with DOTD TR 401. Density testing on subsequent backfill layers may be waived by the engineer if installation has been in accordance with approved compaction methods and performance has been continuously satisfactory. Place initial and final backfill in unpaved or paved areas, such as shoulders or driveways, evenly and compact along the length of the culvert, pipe, or drain from the top of the initial backfill to the top of the subgrade. Compact layered backfill to at least the density of the adjoining existing soils or the compaction required of the laterally adjoining layers of soil immediately outside the trench for embankment elevations. Place and compact initial and final backfill at or near optimum moisture content in accord ance with DOTD TR 415 or TR 418.

701.09 Inspection of Pipes.

After completion of embankment and prior to roadway surfacing, the engineer shall inspect pipes for proper alignment and integrity of joints. Correct any misaligned pipe or defective joints at no direct pay.

701.09.1 Plastic Pipe : Test installed plastic pipe to ensure that

vertical deflections do not exceed 5.0 percent. Maximum allowable deflections shall be governed by the mandrel requirements stated herein. Perform deflection tests no sooner than 30 calendar days after installation and compaction of backfill. Clean the pipe and inspect for offsets and obstructions prior to testing. Place Type A backfill, exclusive of RAP and flowable fill, at or near optimum moisture content in accordance with DOTD TR 415 or 418. Place and compact RAP materials in a sl ightly moist condition. Determine the maximum dry density of initial or final Type B backfill under all paved areas which are to be under traffic in accordance with DOTD TR 415 or TR 418. Determine in-place density in accordance with DOTD TR 401. Place initial and final Type B backfill under all paved areas under traffic, at or near optimum moisture content in accordance with DOTD TR 415 or TR 418. Compact each layer by approved methods prior to the placement of a subsequent layer. The engineer will approve the compaction method upon validation that such method, including moisture control, will achieve at least 95 percent of maximum dry density in accordance with DOTD TR 401. Density testing on subsequent backfill layers may be waived by the engineer if installation has been in accordance with approved compaction methods and performance has been continuously satisfactory. Place initial and final backfill in unpaved or paved areas, such as shoulders or driveways, evenly and compact along the length of the culvert, pipe, or drain from the top of the initial backfill to the top of the subgrade. Compact layered backfill to at least the density of the adjoining existing soils or the compaction required of the laterally adjoining layers of soil immediately outside the trench for embankment elevations. Place and compact initial and final backfill at or near optimum moisture content in accord ance with DOTD TR 415 or TR 418.

701.09 Inspection of Pipes.

After completion of embankment and prior to roadway surfacing, the engineer shall inspect pipes for proper alignment and integrity of joints. Correct any misaligned pipe or defective joints at no direct pay.

701.09.1 Plastic Pipe : Test installed plastic pipe to ensure that

vertical deflections do not exceed 5.0 percent. Maximum allowable deflections shall be governed by the mandrel requirements stated herein. Perform deflection tests no sooner than 30 calendar days after installation and compaction of backfill. Clean the pipe and inspect for offsets and obstructions prior to testing. Place Type A backfill, exclusive of RAP and flowable fill, at or near optimum moisture content in accordance with DOTD TR 415 or 418. Place and compact RAP materials in a sl ightly moist condition. Determine the maximum dry density of initial or final Type B backfill under all paved areas which are to be under traffic in accordance with DOTD TR 415 or TR 418. Determine in-place density in accordance with DOTD TR 401. Place initial and final Type B backfill under all paved areas under traffic, at or near optimum moisture content in accordance with DOTD TR 415 or TR 418. Compact each layer by approved methods prior to the placement of a subsequent layer. The engineer will approve the compaction method upon validation that such method, including moisture control, will achieve at least 95 percent of maximum dry density in accordance with DOTD TR 401. Density testing on subsequent backfill layers may be waived by the engineer if installation has been in accordance with approved compaction methods and performance has been continuously satisfactory. Place initial and final backfill in unpaved or paved areas, such as shoulders or driveways, evenly and compact along the length of the culvert, pipe, or drain from the top of the initial backfill to the top of the subgrade. Compact layered backfill to at least the density of the adjoining existing soils or the compaction required of the laterally adjoining layers of soil immediately outside the trench for embankment elevations. Place and compact initial and final backfill at or near optimum moisture content in accord ance with DOTD TR 415 or TR 418.

701.09 Inspection of Pipes.

After completion of embankment and prior to roadway surfacing, the engineer shall inspect pipes for proper alignment and integrity of joints. Correct any misaligned pipe or defective joints at no direct pay.

701.09.1 Plastic Pipe : Test installed plastic pipe to ensure that

vertical deflections do not exceed 5.0 percent. Maximum allowable deflections shall be governed by the mandrel requirements stated herein. Perform deflection tests no sooner than 30 calendar days after installation and compaction of backfill. Clean the pipe and inspect for offsets and obstructions prior to testing. For pipe 36 inches and less in diameter, pull a mandrel through the pipe by hand to ensure that maximum allowable deflections have not been exceeded. The mandrel must be approved by the engineer prior to use. Use of an unapproved, mandrel or a mandrel altered or modified after approval mandrel will invalidate the test. If the mandrel fails to pass through the pipe, the pipe is over-deflected. Unless otherwise permitted, uncover over-deflected pipe and, if not damaged, reinstall. Do not reinstall damaged pipe. R emove and replace with new pipe. Any pipe subjected to any method or process other than removal, which attempts, even successfully, to reduce or cure any over- deflection, shall be removed and replaced with new pipe. Use a rigid, nonadjustab le, odd -numbered leg (minimum 9 legs) mandrel having a length not less than its nominal diameter or 24 inches, whichever is less. The minimum diameter at any point shall be 5.0 percent less than the base inside diameter of the pipe being tested. The mandrel shall be fabricated of steel, aluminum, or other approved material fitted with pulling rings at each end. The nominal pipe size and outside diameter of the mandrel shall be stamped or engraved on some segment other than a runner. Furnish a suitable carrying case. For pipe larger than 36 inches in diameter, determine deflection by a method approved by the engineer. If a mandrel is selected, the minimum diameter, length, and other requirements shall conform to the above requirements. Conduct mandrel testing in the presence of the engineer. Mandrel testing shall be at no direct pay.

701.09.2 Metal Pipe : If the inside diameter of metal pipe or rise

dimension of metal pipe arch deflects more than 5.0 percent from original dimensi ons, remove and reinstall the metal pipes or pipe arches, unless they do not rebound or are damaged. Remove pipes or pipe arches which are damaged or do not rebound; and replace at no direct pay. Measurement of deflection will be made by the engineer awa y from rerolled ends.

701.10 Cleaning Pipes.

701.10.1 Existing Pipes : Clean designated pipes of soil, debris, and

other materials to the invert of the pipe by approved methods that will not damage the pipes. Satisfactorily repair all damage caused by the contractor’s operations at no direct pay. Dispose of removed soil, debris, and other materials in accordance with

202.02 or as otherwise approved in writing.

For pipe 36 inches and less in diameter, pull a mandrel through the pipe by hand to ensure that maximum allowable deflections have not been exceeded. The mandrel must be approved by the engineer prior to use. Use of an unapproved, mandrel or a mandrel altered or modified after approval mandrel will invalidate the test. If the mandrel fails to pass through the pipe, the pipe is over-deflected. Unless otherwise permitted, uncover over-deflected pipe and, if not damaged, reinstall. Do not reinstall damaged pipe. R emove and replace with new pipe. Any pipe subjected to any method or process other than removal, which attempts, even successfully, to reduce or cure any over- deflection, shall be removed and replaced with new pipe. Use a rigid, nonadjustab le, odd -numbered leg (minimum 9 legs) mandrel having a length not less than its nominal diameter or 24 inches, whichever is less. The minimum diameter at any point shall be 5.0 percent less than the base inside diameter of the pipe being tested. The mandrel shall be fabricated of steel, aluminum, or other approved material fitted with pulling rings at each end. The nominal pipe size and outside diameter of the mandrel shall be stamped or engraved on some segment other than a runner. Furnish a suitable carrying case. For pipe larger than 36 inches in diameter, determine deflection by a method approved by the engineer. If a mandrel is selected, the minimum diameter, length, and other requirements shall conform to the above requirements. Conduct mandrel testing in the presence of the engineer. Mandrel testing shall be at no direct pay.

701.09.2 Metal Pipe : If the inside diameter of metal pipe or rise

dimension of metal pipe arch deflects more than 5.0 percent from original dimensi ons, remove and reinstall the metal pipes or pipe arches, unless they do not rebound or are damaged. Remove pipes or pipe arches which are damaged or do not rebound; and replace at no direct pay. Measurement of deflection will be made by the engineer awa y from rerolled ends.

701.10 Cleaning Pipes.

701.10.1 Existing Pipes : Clean designated pipes of soil, debris, and

other materials to the invert of the pipe by approved methods that will not damage the pipes. Satisfactorily repair all damage caused by the contractor’s operations at no direct pay. Dispose of removed soil, debris, and other materials in accordance with

202.02 or as otherwise approved in writing.

For pipe 36 inches and less in diameter, pull a mandrel through the pipe by hand to ensure that maximum allowable deflections have not been exceeded. The mandrel must be approved by the engineer prior to use. Use of an unapproved, mandrel or a mandrel altered or modified after approval mandrel will invalidate the test. If the mandrel fails to pass through the pipe, the pipe is over-deflected. Unless otherwise permitted, uncover over-deflected pipe and, if not damaged, reinstall. Do not reinstall damaged pipe. R emove and replace with new pipe. Any pipe subjected to any method or process other than removal, which attempts, even successfully, to reduce or cure any over- deflection, shall be removed and replaced with new pipe. Use a rigid, nonadjustab le, odd -numbered leg (minimum 9 legs) mandrel having a length not less than its nominal diameter or 24 inches, whichever is less. The minimum diameter at any point shall be 5.0 percent less than the base inside diameter of the pipe being tested. The mandrel shall be fabricated of steel, aluminum, or other approved material fitted with pulling rings at each end. The nominal pipe size and outside diameter of the mandrel shall be stamped or engraved on some segment other than a runner. Furnish a suitable carrying case. For pipe larger than 36 inches in diameter, determine deflection by a method approved by the engineer. If a mandrel is selected, the minimum diameter, length, and other requirements shall conform to the above requirements. Conduct mandrel testing in the presence of the engineer. Mandrel testing shall be at no direct pay.

701.09.2 Metal Pipe : If the inside diameter of metal pipe or rise

dimension of metal pipe arch deflects more than 5.0 percent from original dimensi ons, remove and reinstall the metal pipes or pipe arches, unless they do not rebound or are damaged. Remove pipes or pipe arches which are damaged or do not rebound; and replace at no direct pay. Measurement of deflection will be made by the engineer awa y from rerolled ends.

701.10 Cleaning Pipes.

701.10.1 Existing Pipes : Clean designated pipes of soil, debris, and

other materials to the invert of the pipe by approved methods that will not damage the pipes. Satisfactorily repair all damage caused by the contractor’s operations at no direct pay. Dispose of removed soil, debris, and other materials in accordance with

202.02 or as otherwise approved in writing.

For pipe 36 inches and less in diameter, pull a mandrel through the pipe by hand to ensure that maximum allowable deflections have not been exceeded. The mandrel must be approved by the engineer prior to use. Use of an unapproved, mandrel or a mandrel altered or modified after approval mandrel will invalidate the test. If the mandrel fails to pass through the pipe, the pipe is over-deflected. Unless otherwise permitted, uncover over-deflected pipe and, if not damaged, reinstall. Do not reinstall damaged pipe. R emove and replace with new pipe. Any pipe subjected to any method or process other than removal, which attempts, even successfully, to reduce or cure any over- deflection, shall be removed and replaced with new pipe. Use a rigid, nonadjustab le, odd -numbered leg (minimum 9 legs) mandrel having a length not less than its nominal diameter or 24 inches, whichever is less. The minimum diameter at any point shall be 5.0 percent less than the base inside diameter of the pipe being tested. The mandrel shall be fabricated of steel, aluminum, or other approved material fitted with pulling rings at each end. The nominal pipe size and outside diameter of the mandrel shall be stamped or engraved on some segment other than a runner. Furnish a suitable carrying case. For pipe larger than 36 inches in diameter, determine deflection by a method approved by the engineer. If a mandrel is selected, the minimum diameter, length, and other requirements shall conform to the above requirements. Conduct mandrel testing in the presence of the engineer. Mandrel testing shall be at no direct pay.

701.09.2 Metal Pipe : If the inside diameter of metal pipe or rise

dimension of metal pipe arch deflects more than 5.0 percent from original dimensi ons, remove and reinstall the metal pipes or pipe arches, unless they do not rebound or are damaged. Remove pipes or pipe arches which are damaged or do not rebound; and replace at no direct pay. Measurement of deflection will be made by the engineer awa y from rerolled ends.

701.10 Cleaning Pipes.

701.10.1 Existing Pipes : Clean designated pipes of soil, debris, and

other materials to the invert of the pipe by approved methods that will not damage the pipes. Satisfactorily repair all damage caused by the contractor’s operations at no direct pay. Dispose of removed soil, debris, and other materials in accordance with

202.02 or as otherwise approved in writing.

701.10.2 Contractor Installed Pipes : Prior to final acceptance,

clean pipes of all debris and soil to the invert of the pipe at no direct pay. Dispose of remove d soil, debris, and other materials in accordance with

202.02 or as otherwise approved in writing.

701.11 Stubbing and Plugging Pipes .

Construct pipe plugs with Class R concrete complying with Section 901 . Thickness of plug and method of construction shall be as directed. When stubbing new pipes are to be stubbed into new or existing pipes or other structures, make the connection with approved mortar complying with

1001.03 .

701.12 Measurement.

701.13 PAYMENT. Payment for concrete and metal pipe will be made

at the contract unit price per linear foot of the types and sizes specified,

701.10.2 Contractor Installed Pipes : Prior to final acceptance,

clean pipes of all debris and soil to the invert of the pipe at no direct pay. Dispose of remove d soil, debris, and other materials in accordance with

202.02 or as otherwise approved in writing.

701.11 Stubbing and Plugging Pipes .

Construct pipe plugs with Class R concrete complying with Section 901 . Thickness of plug and method of construction shall be as directed. When stubbing new pipes are to be stubbed into new or existing pipes or other structures, make the connection with approved mortar complying with

1001.03 .

701.12 Measurement.

701.13 PAYMENT. Payment for concrete and metal pipe will be made

at the contract unit price per linear foot of the types and sizes specified,

701.10.2 Contractor Installed Pipes : Prior to final acceptance,

clean pipes of all debris and soil to the invert of the pipe at no direct pay. Dispose of remove d soil, debris, and other materials in accordance with

202.02 or as otherwise approved in writing.

701.11 Stubbing and Plugging Pipes .

Construct pipe plugs with Class R concrete complying with Section 901 . Thickness of plug and method of construction shall be as directed. When stubbing new pipes are to be stubbed into new or existing pipes or other structures, make the connection with approved mortar complying with

1001.03 .

701.12 Measurement.

701.13 PAYMENT. Payment for concrete and metal pipe will be made

at the contract unit price per linear foot of the types and sizes specified,

701.10.2 Contractor Installed Pipes : Prior to final acceptance,

clean pipes of all debris and soil to the invert of the pipe at no direct pay. Dispose of remove d soil, debris, and other materials in accordance with

202.02 or as otherwise approved in writing.

701.11 Stubbing and Plugging Pipes .

Construct pipe plugs with Class R concrete complying with Section 901 . Thickness of plug and method of construction shall be as directed. When stubbing new pipes are to be stubbed into new or existing pipes or other structures, make the connection with approved mortar complying with

1001.03 .

701.12 Measurement.

701.13 PAYMENT. Payment for concrete and metal pipe will be made

at the contract unit price per linear foot of the types and sizes specified,

701.10.2 Contractor Installed Pipes : Prior to final acceptance,

clean pipes of all debris and soil to the invert of the pipe at no direct pay. Dispose of remove d soil, debris, and other materials in accordance with

202.02 or as otherwise approved in writing.

701.11 Stubbing and Plugging Pipes .

Construct pipe plugs with Class R concrete complying with Section 901 . Thickness of plug and method of construction shall be as directed. When stubbing new pipes are to be stubbed into new or existing pipes or other structures, make the connection with approved mortar complying with

1001.03 .

701.12 Measurement.

701.13 PAYMENT. Payment for concrete and metal pipe will be made

at the contract unit price per linear foot of the types and sizes specified, which includes all labor, materials, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the work. When plastic pipe is shown on the plans or elected to be used by the contractor, payment will be made at the contract unit price per linear foot of the types and sizes specified in accordance with the payment schedule of Table 701-1. Table 701 -1 Payment Schedule for Plastic Pipe Percent Payment Stage of Completeness 75 After placement and backfill has been completed 25 After the pipe has met vertical deflection requirements in accordance with 701.09.1 Payment for fabricating pipe tees, elbows, and other fittings will be made at the contract unit price per each fitting. When unstable conditions are encountered, the additional excavation will not be measured for payment; however, the additional materials furnished and placed for the pipe foundation will be measured and paid for as follows:

702.01 DESCRIPTION. Construct, install, and adjust manholes,

junction boxes, catch basins, culvert end treatments, and safety ends in accordance with these specifications and in conformity with lines and grades shown on the plans or established.

702.02 MATERIALS. Materials shall comply with the following

sections and subsections : Cast-in-Place Concrete (Class M) Section 901 Portland Cement 1001.01 Mortar Sand 1003.08.1 Sewer Brick 1018.12.1 Asphaltic Varnish 1008.03 Reinforcing Steel 1009.01 Precast Reinforced Concrete Drainage Units Section 1016 Frames, Grates, and Covers for Manholes, Catch Basins, and Junction Boxes 1013.05 , 1013.06 Geotextile Fabric Section 1019 The contractor may furnish structures of either cast-in-place concr ete or precast concrete units. Use mortar complying with 1001.03 . Use mortar within 30 minutes after mixing or as recommended by the manufacturer.

702.03 Quality Assurance.

Manufacturing plants will be inspected periodically for compliance with specified manufacturing methods. Material samples will be randomly obtained for laboratory testing for verification of manufacturing lots. Materials will be subject to inspection at any time during the work.

702.04 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS. Construct all cast -in-

place structures in dry or dewatered areas, unless otherwise directed. Provide dewatering, shoring and bracing needed to comply with OSHA