101Terms, Format, and Definitions

1-1 Division 1 – General Provisions

Section 101. Terms, Format, and Definitions ..................................................... 1-3 Section 102. Bid Submission, Award, and Execution of Contract .................... 1-21 Section 103. Scope of the Work ...................................................................... 1-33 Section 104. Control of the Work ..................................................................... 1-37 Section 105. Control of Materials .................................................................... 1-55 Section 106. Reserved .................................................................................... 1-61 Section 107. Legal Relations and Responsibilities to the Public ..................... 1-62 Section 108. Prosecution and Progress .......................................................... 1-79 Section 109. Measurement and Payment ....................................................... 1-95 Section 110. Mobilization ................................................................................1 -112

1-2 Notes

1-3 Section 101. Terms, Format, a nd Definitions

101.01. General The titles and headings of the sections, subsections, and subparts are intended for reference and are not considered as bearing on their interpretation. References in the contract to publications refer to the most recent edition , including interim publications that are current as of the advertisement date, unless otherwise specified by the contract. References in the contract to the Department ’s procedures for inspection, sampling, testing, and certification of materials refer to the edition of the relevant manuals , Michigan Test Methods (MTMs), MDOT Standard Plans , and MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction (Standard Specifications) that is current as of the advertisement date unless otherw ise specified by the contract. 101.02. Abbreviations When the following abbreviations are used in the Standard S pecifications and in the contract , they have the meanings listed below . °C ........................... degrees Celsius °F ........................... degrees Fahrenheit AAN........................ American Association of Nurserymen AAR........................ Association of American Railroads AASHTO ................ American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ABR........................ Certified Bridge Fabricator – Advanced (AISC Certification) ABS ........................ acrylonitrile butadiene styrene AC .......................... alternating current ACA........................ ammoniacal copper arsenate ACI ......................... American Concrete Institute ACPA ..................... American Concrete Pipe Association ACQ ....................... ammoniacal copper quat ernary ACZA ..................... ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate ADA........................ Americans with Disabilities Act ADT ........................ average daily traffic AGC ....................... Associated General Contractors of America AIA ......................... American Institute of Architects AISC ...................... American Institute of Steel Construction AISI ........................ American Iron and Steel Institute AMS ....................... Aerospace Material Specification MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 101

1-4 ANSI ...................... American National Standards Institute

APA ........................ Authorized Public Agency API ......................... American Petroleum Institute ARA........................ American Railway Association AREMA .................. American Railway Engineering and Maintenance- of-Way Association ARTBA ................... American Road & Transportation Builders Association ASC........................ Accredited Standards Committee ASCE ..................... American Society of Civil Engineers ASLA ...................... American Society of Landscape Architects ASME ..................... American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASNT ..................... American Society for Nondestructive Testing ASR........................ alkali -silica reactivity ASTM ..................... ASTM International ATSS A ................... American Traffic Safety Services Association AWG ...................... American Wire Gauge AWI ........................ Aggregate Wear Index AWPA ..................... American Wood Protection Association AWS ....................... American Welding Society AWWA .................... American Water Works Association Blue Book .............. Equipment Watch’s Rental Rate Blue Book for Construction Equipment BPN........................ British Pendulum Number BTU ........................ British thermal unit CA .......................... copper azole CaCl 2 ...................... calcium chloride CCA ....................... chromated copper arsenate centistoke ............... unit of measurement of kinematic viscosity cfm ......................... cubic feet per minute CFR........................ Code of Federal Regulations CIA ......................... Construction Influence Area CIE ......................... International Commission on Illumination CIP ......................... compacted- in-place CIP ......................... cast-in-place CJP ........................ complete joint penetration CMD ....................... cross- machine direction CNC ....................... computer numerically controlled Commission ........... Michigan State Transportation Commission CPE........................ corrugated polyethylene cPs ......................... centipoise, a measurement of viscosity CPT ........................ Bridge Component Quality Management System Certification (AISC Certification) MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 101

1-5 CPV........................ corrugated polyvinyl chloride

Crg ......................... contraction joint CRSI ...................... Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute CSP........................ concrete surface profile CSQC .................... Contractor Staking Quality Control CW ......................... Civil Works CWI ........................ Certified Welding Inspector dB ........................... decibel DBE........................ Disadvantaged Business Enterprise DBI ......................... dowel bar inserter DC .......................... direct current DFT ........................ dry film thickness DI ........................... ductile iron (pipe) EGLE ..................... Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy ESAL ...................... equivalent single- axle load Esc ......................... expansion joint FAA ........................ Federal Aviation Administration FC .......................... Fracture Critical Endorsement (AISC Certification) FCAW .................... flux-cored arc welding FCC........................ Federal Communications Commission FCM ....................... fracture critical members FHWA .................... (U.S. Department of Transportation) Federal Highway Administration Forest Service ........ USDA Forest Service FSS ........................ Federal Specifications and Standards fy ............................ yield point G*/sin θ .................. high temperature stiffness G*sin θ ................... intermediate temperature stiffness g/ft² ......................... gram per square foot Gmm ........................ maximum specific gravity of m ixture Gsb .......................... bulk specific gravity of aggregate Gse .......................... effective specific gravity GMAW ................... gas metal arc welding GPS ....................... Global Positioning System HDPE ..................... high- density polyethylene HMA ....................... hot mix asphalt HP .......................... high performance HRWR .................... high- range water reducer IBR ......................... Certified Bridge Fabricator – Intermediate (AISC Certification) ICEA ...................... Insulated Cable Engineers Association MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 101

1-6 IEEE ....................... Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IES ......................... Illuminating Engineering Society IMSA ...................... International Muni cipal Signal Association IP ............................ internet protocol ISA ......................... International Society of Arboriculture ISO ......................... International Organization for Standardization ISSA ....................... International Slurry Surfacing Association ITCP ....................... Internal Traffic Control Plan ITE ......................... Institute of Traffic Engineers ITS ......................... Intelligent Transportation System s JMF ........................ job mix formula k ............................. thermal conductivity kip .......................... 1,000 pounds- force kPa ......................... kilopascal ksi ........................... kilo-pound per square inch LA ........................... Los Angeles LAST ...................... lowest anticipated service temperature lb/cyd ..................... pounds per cubic yard lb/ft³ ........................ pound per cubic foot LBW ....................... loss by washing LCD ........................ liquid crystal display LED ........................ light-emitting diode LL ........................... lane length LM .......................... loose measure LMC ....................... latex modified concrete LRFD ..................... Load and Resistance Factor Design LRFR ..................... load and resistance factor rating MASH .................... Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware MC ......................... medium curing MCA ....................... Michigan Concrete Association mcd/lux/sq m .......... millicandela per lux per square meter MCL ....................... Michigan Compiled Laws MCS ....................... Michigan Coordinate System MD ......................... machine direction MDARD .................. Michigan Department of Agriculture & Rural Development MDLARA ................ Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs MDNR .................... Michigan Department of Natural Resources MDOT .................... Michigan Department of Transportation mil .......................... thousandth of an inch MIOSHA ................. Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration mm ......................... millimeter MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 101

1-7 MMUTCD ............... Michigan Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices

MPa........................ megapascal mph ........................ miles per hour MQAP Manual ....... MDOT ’s Materials Quality Assurance Procedures (MQAP) Manual MSA ....................... Mine Safety Administration MSA ....................... Michigan Statutes Annotated MT .......................... magnetic particle testing MTD ....................... material transfer device MTM ....................... Michigan Test Method MTR ....................... Mill Test Report N/A ......................... not applicable NaCl ....................... sodium chloride NBI ......................... National Bridge Inventory NCHRP .................. National Cooperative Highway Research Program NCR ....................... nonconformance report Nd ........................... design number of gyrations NDT........................ nondestructive testing NEC ....................... National Electrical Code NELMA .................. Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association NEMA .................... National Electrical Manufacturers Association NESC ..................... National Electrical Safety Code NHPMA .................. Northern Hardwood and Pine ’ Manufacturers Association Ni ............................ initial number of gyrations NIST ....................... National Institute of Standards and Technology Nm .......................... maximum number of gyrations Nm .......................... Newton met er NPCA ..................... National Precast Concrete Association NPDES .................. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NPT ........................ National Pipe Thread Tapered NREPA ................... Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act NRMCA .................. National Ready Mixed Concrete Association NTCIP .................... National Transportation Communications for ITS [Intelligent Transportation Systems] Protocol OD .......................... outside diameter OD .......................... oven dry OGDC .................... open- graded drainage course ohm ........................ unit of electrical resistance OJT ........................ on-the-job training Pa•s ....................... pascal -second PAV ........................ Pressure Aging Vessel MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 101

1-8 Pb ........................... percent asphalt binder content

PCC ....................... Portland cement concrete pcf .......................... pounds per cubic foot PCI ......................... Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute PCMS .................... portable changeable message sign PDF ........................ portable document format PE .......................... polyethylene PG .......................... performance- graded PJP ........................ partial joint penetration PLSS ...................... Public Land Survey System PPSS ..................... paver -placed surface seal psf .......................... pounds per square foot psi .......................... pounds per square inch psig ........................ pounds per square in gauge PT .......................... penetrant testing PTCSI .................... Pedestrian Traffic Control Signal Indications PTS ........................ portable traffic signal PVC........................ polyvinyl chloride QA .......................... Quality Assurance QAI ......................... Quality Assurance Inspector QC .......................... Quality Control rad/s ....................... radian per second RAP........................ reclaimed asphalt pavement RC .......................... rapid curing RCRA ..................... Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RHW ...................... rubber insulation, heat resistance of 75° C, water resistance rms ......................... root mean square RPM ....................... reflective pavement marker RPM ....................... raised pavement marker RT .......................... radiographic test ing SAE ........................ Society of Automotive Engineers SAW ....................... submerged arc welding SBR........................ Certified Bridge Fabricator – Simple (AISC Certification) SCM ....................... supplementary cementitious material SDR ....................... standard dimension ratio SESC ..................... soil erosion and sedimentation control SFMC ..................... silica fume modified concrete SGC ....................... Superpave gyratory compactor SMAW .................... shielded metal arc welding SPE ........................ Sophisticated Paint Endorsement (AISC Certification) SPIB ....................... Southern Pine Inspection Bureau MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 101

1-9 SQRT .................... square root

SSPC ..................... The Society for Protective Coatings Superpave ............. Superior Performing Asphalt Pavements TIG ......................... tungsten inert gas TON ....................... turn-of-nut Trg .......................... tied joint TRM ....................... turf reinforcement mat TRPM ..................... temporary raised pavement marker TS .......................... total solids TS .......................... traffic signal TSR ........................ tensile strength ratio UL .......................... Underwriters Laboratories USC ....................... U.S. Code USDA ..................... United States Department of Agriculture USDOT .................. U.S. Department of Transportation USE........................ underground service entrance UT .......................... ultrasonic testing UV .......................... ultraviolet VAC ........................ volts alternating current VDC ....................... volts direct current VFA ........................ voids filled with asphalt VMA ....................... voids in m ineral aggregate VT .......................... visual test VTCSH ................... Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads WCLIB ................... West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau w/cm ratio .............. water -cementitious material ratio WPS ....................... weld procedure specification WR ......................... wet reflective WWPA .................... Western Wood Products Association 101.03. Definitions Absolute Refusal. The nominal pile driving resistance value of 150% of the nominal pile driving resistance shown on the plans. Also see “Practical Refusal.” Addendum. Revisions to the plans and/or proposal issued by the Department after the advertisement date but before the submission of the bid. Adjustment . Monetary revision that applies to a contract unit price or to the entire contract. Advertisement. Public announcement of a project inviting Contractors to submit bids for work to be performed and materials to be furnished. MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 101

1-10 Authorization. The Department ’s written approval of a contract modification.

Average Daily Traffic (ADT). The total volume of traffic during a time period that is greater t han 1 day and less than 1 year and divided by the number of days in the time period. Award. The Department ’s formal execution of the contract. Base Course. Layer or layers of specified material placed on a subbase or subgrade to support a surface course. Bid. A completed schedule of items submitted as an offer to perform work at quoted prices. Bid Appeal Committee. Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT ) committee that performs the administrative review of appeals of low bid rejections. Bid Do cument. An electronic document prepared using current Department software that includes the schedule of i tems, designated and specialty items, if applicable, and w arranty obligations, if applicable. Bid Guaranty. Amount the Bidder agrees , at the time of bi d submission , to pay MDOT if the Bidder fails to execute the contract form and file satisfactory bonds and other required documents necessary for the award of the contract within the 21 -day period provided or within Department -approved extensions. Bid Revi ew Committee. MDOT committee that reviews irregular bids for adherence to standard bid procedures . See subsection 102.06 for a definition of irregular bid. Bidder

1-11 Calendar Day Contract. Contract in which the time required to physically

complete the project or open it to traffic is designated by the number of calendar days. Certification of Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE ) Contractor. Process in which the Department establishes that a Contractor meets the federal requirements of a DBE. Also see “ Disadvantaged Business Enterprise.” Change. Addition to or deletion from a pay item or condition. Commission. Michigan State Transportation Commission. Construction Influence Area (CIA). The project and the area surrounding the project, as shown in the contract, that define the limits of responsibility for traffic control. Contract. Written agreement between the Department and the Contractor setting forth the obligations of the parties for the performance of and payment for the prescribed work. The contract includes the advertisement for bids, bid document, contract form, contract bonds, Standard Specifications, special details, MDOT S tandard Plans, plans, proposal, addenda, notice of award, local agency agreements (when applicable), DBE commitment forms (when applicable), and war ranty forms and bonds (when applicable). Contract Modification. Regulation form prepared as a recommendation for changes in, adjustments to, or extras to the contract. The contract modification becomes an authorization (an approved modification) when it is signed by the duly authorized MDOT representative. Also see “Authorization.” Contract Time. Time specified in the contract to perform and complete all the work, including authorized extensions of time. Contract Unit Price. Unit price of a pay item. Contractor. Individual or legal entity contracting with the Department to perform prescribed construction work and supply materials. Controlling Operation. An operation that, if the Contractor ’s expected rate of performance is not met or the scheduled start date is delayed, would delay the opening to traffic or completion of the entire project. A controlling operation may be on or off the job site. The size of the operation is not a factor in determining whether an operation is a controlling operation. Any operation on the critical path is a controlling operation (see “ Critical Path”) . Coordination Clause. Clause in the contract that requires the Contractor to coordinate constr uction activities with agencies, utilities, or other Contractors. MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 101

1-12 Critical Path . Longest continuous path of activities through the contractual

completion milestones in the schedule that establishes the scheduled completion date. The critical path is typically the path of activities with the least total f loat. The critical path may follo w different paths of activities at different times during the performance of the w ork due to the progress of the work or revisions made to the schedule. Any operation on the critical path is a controlling operation. Culvert. Structure, including supports, built over a depression, watercourse, highway, railroad, or other obstruction, with a clear span of less than 20 feet measured along the center of roadway. Department

1-13 Engineer

1-14 Geohazard. Harmful event caused by a geological process (e.g., earthquake,

landslide, tsunami , volcano). Grade Separation. Structure that provides for highway traffic, pedestrian traffic, or utilities to pass over or under another highway or the tracks of a railway. Highway. General term denoting a public way for purposes of vehicular travel, including the entire area within the right -of-way. Holidays. Recognized state holidays are New Year ’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, President ’s Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day, the day after Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, and New Year ’s Eve. Inspector. Representative of the Engineer assigned to test materials, perform inspections of contract performance, or both. Laboratory. Testing laboratory operated by or designated by the Department. Labor Dispute. Controversy between the Contractor and th e Contractor ’s employees, union, bargaining agents, suppliers, or suppliers ’ bargaining agents or between unions that results in a work stoppage. Lien Bond. The security furnished by the Contractor and the Contractor ’s surety to guarantee payment of the debts covered by the bond. Limits of Earth Disturbance. Area extending 10 feet outside the slope stake line except adjacent to wetlands where the limits of earth disturbance are at the slope stake line. Liquidated Damages. Monetary damages paid at a specified rate by the Contractor to the Department for work not completed by the completion dates or within specified time frames. Local Traffic. Traffic that has origin or destination within the CIA. Major and Minor Pay Item s. Pay items with an original item value that meets any of the criteria listed below are considered major pay items. All other original pay items are considered minor. The original item value is the product of the plan quantity of the pay item and the contract unit price.

1-15 greater than 3 % of the original contract amount but not less than

$800,000.

1-16 operation is not a factor in determining whether an operation is a

non-controlling operation. Also see “Controlling Operation.” Notice of Award. Written notice to the Contractor that the contract has been awarded. On-the -Job Training (OJT ) Program. MDOT ’s OJT program meet s the requirements of the Federal -Aid Highway Act of 1970 and 23 CFR Part 230, Subpart A. The objective is to develop skill improvement programs to provide opportunities for unskilled workers, particularly minorities, women, and disadvantaged persons, to acquire training in the skilled construction trades. Ordered Pile Length . For timber piles, the Engineer will determine the ordered pile length. For cast -in-place concrete piles and steel piles, the Contractor will determine the ordered pile length. Pay Item. Item of work in the contract. Also see “ Major and Minor Pay It ems.” Pavement Structure. All combinations of subbase, base course, and surface course, including shoulders, placed on a subgrade. Performance Bond. The security furnished by the Contractor and the Contractor ’s surety to guarantee performance of the work i n accordance with the contract. Plan Grade. Vertical control grade shown on the plans. Plan Quantity. Original contract quantity of a pay item. Plans. Contract drawings that show the location, character, and dimensions of the prescribed work. Contract draw ings also include the MDOT Standard Plans . Practical Refusal . The nominal pile driving resistance value of 110% of the nominal pile driving resistance shown on the plans. Also see “Absolute Refusal.” Prebore Elevation . Elevation designated for stopping preboring, as shown on the p lans. Prequalification of Contractors. Process used by the Department to determine the work classifications that a Contractor is eligible to perform and the maximum contract amount that the Contr actor ’s resources enables it to manage. The process is accord ing to the MDOT Administrative Rules Governing the Prequalification of Bidders for Highway and Transportation Construction Work . Production Piles . Piles other than t est piles. Progress Clause. The part of the proposal with the starting date, all intermediate and completion dates or the number of work days or both, and other restrictions or conditions. MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 101

1-17 Progress Schedule. Sequential listing of all of the controlling operations and

the estimated time the operations will be controlling. The progress schedule is submitted by the Contractor after a ward and prior to starting work. It is reviewed and approved by the Engineer. Project. The section of a highway or property on which the construction operation is to be performed as described in the contract. Project Limits. The physical limits in the contract showing the points of beginning and ending of the work included in the project. Proposal. Document with information on the project that is being advertised for bid. The information includes the location and description of work, schedule of items, progress clause, bid guaranty amount, date and time for electronic submission and downloading of bids , Special Provisions, Supplemental Spec ifications , or other requirements that may vary from or that are not contained in the Standard Specifications or plans, and the applicable wage rates to be paid by the Bidder. Qualified Products List. List of materials that have been prequalified for use on projects. Redrive. Pile driving beyond 3 inches or beyond the first 20 blows, whichever occurs first, after the end of drive. Restrike. Pile driving to move the pile an additional 3 inches or the first 20 blows, whichever occurs fir st, after the end of drive. Right -of-Way (ROW) . General term denoting land, property , or interest therein acquired for or devoted to a highway, as shown on the plans. Roadbed. Portion of the roadway between the outside edges of finished shoulders or the outside edges of berm immediately back of curbs or gutters, when constructed. Roadside. Portion of the right -of-way outside the roadway. Roadway. Portion of the right -of-way required for construction, limited by the outside edges of slopes and including ditc hes, channels, and all structures pertaining to the work. Seasonal Limitation. Time during which construction of work items will be suspended unless otherwise specified in the contract. Seasonal Suspension. Period from November 15 through April 15 unless specified otherwise in the contract. Segregation. Areas of non-uniform distribution of material components that are visually identifiable or can be determined by other methods. Shoulder. Portion of the roadway adjacent to the traveled way for accommodation of stopped vehicles, for emergency use, and for lateral support of base and surface courses. MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 101

1-18 Sidewalk. Portion of the roadway constructed primarily for pedestrian use.

Specialty Classifications. Work classifications that the Department considers to require specialized equipment or crafts to an extent warranting being listed separately from the d esignated classification in the proposal. Specifications. General term applied to all written directions, provisions, and requirements concerning the performance of the work.

1-19 Surface Course. Top layer of a pavement structure.

Temporary Road. Roadway and appurtenances constructed to help the movement of highway and pedestrian traffic around a construction operation. Temporary Route. Existing road over which the traffic is temporarily detoured around a cons truction operation. Temporary Structure. Bridge, culvert, or grade separation constructed to maintain traffic during the construction or reconstruction of a bridge, grade separation, or culvert. Test Pile. Pile driven at a location shown on the p lans to determine pile driving characteristics. The Engineer will certify n ominal pile resistance of a test pile using a static load test, d ynamic formula, or d ynamic testing methods. Ton. Unit of weight equal to 2, 000 pounds. Traffic Control Devices. Signs, signals, lighting devices, barricades, delineators, pavement markings, traffic regulators , and all other equipment for protecting and regulating traffic in accordance with the Michigan Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MMUTCD), unless otherwise specified in the contract. Traffic Lane. Portion of the traveled way used for the movement of a single line of vehicles. Traffic Regulator. Person assigned to direct traffic, dressed and equipped as specified in the MMUTCD. Traveled Way. Portion of the roadway designated for the movement of vehicles, exclusive of shoulders and auxiliary lanes. Utility (ies). Properties of railway, telegraph, telephone, water, sewer, electric, gas, petroleum, cable television, and similar companies. Waters of the State. “Groundwaters, lakes, impoundments, open drains, rivers, wetlands, streams and all other watercourses and waters, including the Great Lakes and their connecting waters, within the jurisdiction of this state [ Michigan ]” (MCL 324.3101(aa) ). Work. The furnishin g of all labor, materials, equipment, and other items necessary to complete the project according to the contract. Work includes all alterations, amendments or extensions thereto, made by work order or other written orders of the Engineer. Work Day (Workin g Day). All days when, as determined by the Engineer, it is possible for the Contractor to effectively carry out work on the controlling operation. MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 101

1-20 Work Day Contract. A contract in which the time required to physically

complete the project or open it to tr affic is designated by the number of work days. Working Drawings. Supplemental design sheets or similar data that the Contractor may be required to submit to the Engineer. Examples include, but are not limited to, design calculations, stress sheets, shop drawings, erection plans, f alsework plans, framework plans, cofferdam plans, and bending diagrams for reinforcing steel. Work Order. Written order by the Engineer requiring performance by the Contractor.