9-66 Section 909. Drainage Products
909.01. General Req uirements Use the pipe materials shown in Table 401- 1 and Table 402- 1 for culverts or sewers if only the size and class are specified by the contract . Construct drainage structures and underdrains as required. Provide galvanized corrugated steel or aluminum structural plates as required. Galvanized corrugated steel structural plates must meet the requirements of AASHTO M167 M/M167. Corrugated aluminum structural plates must meet the requirements of ASTM B790/B790M or Section 12 of the AASHTO LRFD [ Load and R esistance Factor Design] Bridge Specifications . Provide sanitary sewer or industrial waste systems in accordance with the contract . Install sanitary sewer or industrial waste systems using a compression gasket as specified in subsection 909.03. 909.02. Testing Test drainage products in accordance with AASHTO or ASTM specifications unless otherwise specified in this section. Verify that each concrete pipe manufacturer provides a calibrated standard testing machine to determine the strength of the product . The manufacturer must provide labor and materials to perform strength tests. 909.03. Watertight Joints for Sewers and Culverts Provide watertight joint systems selected from the Qualified Products List . Ensure that watertight joint systems meet the pressure test requirements of MTM 723 and the specifications for the materi als used in assembling the pipe system. Use flexible rubber compression gaskets meeting the requirements of ASTM C443 for concrete pipe, ASTM F477 for plastic pipe, AASHTO M36 for corrugated metal pipe, and AASHTO M196 for corrugated aluminum pipe. As an alternative to the AASHTO M36 requirements for metal pipe, the Contractor may use gasket material meeting the low temperature flexibility and elevated temperature flow test requirements of ASTM C990, excluding the requirements for softening point, flash point, and fire point. External rubber gaskets, mastic, and protective film must meet the requirements of ASTM C877 or C990. MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-67 909.04. Concrete Pipe Products
A.Reinforced Concrete Circular Pipe. Provide reinforced concrete circular pipe meeting the requirements of AASHTO M170 or AASHTO M242. If using AASHTO M242 pipe, the design loads must meet the requirements of AASHTO M170. If using AASHTO M170 pipe, apply the following exceptions and additions:
1.The Contractor may use the circular pipe designs specified in Table 909-1, Table 909-2, Table 909- 3, and Table 909-4 in addition to the circular pipe designs in Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, and Table 5 of AASHTO M170.
2.Cast or drill lift holes and seal with concrete plugs after installing the pipe. Cast lift holes in circular pipe with elliptical reinforcing along the top centerline of the pipe.
3.Use circular reinforcement in circular pipe for use in pipe culverts and sewers jacked in place. The concrete absorption test requirements will be waived if the load required to produce the 0.01-inch crack exceeds the minimum load by at least 20% . If using stirrup supports, use indentations or waterproof paint to mark the top and bottom centerline of the pipe, inside and out, on each end of the pipe. Symmetrically place stirrup supports around the centerline in the top and bottom portion of the pipe . Pass stirrups around and in contact with each inside circumferential reinforcing member . Space the stirrups in accordance with Table 909-2, Table 909-3, and Table 909-4. Do not use more than three sections of stirrup material in one support line. Ensure a section length of at least 30 inches for each stirrup.
B.Reinforced Concrete Elliptical Pipe. Provide reinforced concrete elliptical pipe meeting the requirements of AASHTO M207. The concrete absorption test requirement will be waived if the load required to produce the 0.01-inch crack exceeds the required minimum load by at least 20% . The Contractor may use the horizontal elliptical pipe designs specified in Table 909-5 and Table 1 of AASHTO M207.
C.Non-Reinforced Concrete Pipe. Provide non-reinforced concrete pipe meeting the requirements of AASHTO M86. Place required markings on the barrel of the pipe near the socket . Ensure that the markings remain legible during delivery of the pipe to the project.
D.Precast Concrete Box Sections. Use precast concrete box sections as required and in accordance with ASTM C1577. MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-68 E. Concrete End Sections . Provide precast concrete end sections
fabricated using material meeting the requirements of AASHTO M170 for Class II and as shown on the plans . Provide wet -cast concrete for end sections with an entrained air content of 5.5 to 8.5% . When using the dry cast process, use at least 658 pounds of cement per cubic yard of concrete and use a liquid air -entraining agent at the dosage recommended by the manufacturer for dry cast concrete. Use tongue and groove joints to make connections to pipe culverts.
F.Pipe Culverts Jacked in Place. For pipe culverts jacked in place, use reinforced concrete pipe at least 36 inches in diameter, meeting the requirements of AASHTO M170 for Class V, Wall B or C , with full circular reinforcing.
G.Precast Concrete Three-Sided and Arch Sections . Use precast concrete three- sided and arch sections as required and in accordance with ASTM C1504. 909.05. Metal Pipe Products For metal pipe products, refer to Table 909-6 for the minimum wall thickness, or refer to Table 909- 7 through Table 909-17, and Table 909 -20 to determ ine the required wall thickness. Refer to Table 909- 19 for gauge equivalents for specified nominal thicknesses.
A.Corrugated Steel Pipe . Provide circular and pipe arch corrugated steel pipe meeting the requirements of AASHTO M36 for metallic -coated pipe. For polymer -precoated pipe, provide circular and pipe arch corrugated steel pipe meeting the requirements of AASHTO M245 and using an ethylene acrylic acid film selected from the Qualified Products List. The Contractor may use Type IA and Type IIA dual -wall p olymer - precoated galvanized corrugated steel pipe of the wall thicknesses specified in Table 909-20 and specified in subsection 909.05.
1.Steel Sheet . Provide corrugated steel pipe from zinc -coated sheets meeting the requirements of AASHTO M218 or from alumi num-coated sheets meeting the requirements of AASHTO M274. On zinc -coated steel sheet for polymer -precoated corrugated steel pipe, use ethylene acrylic acid film selected from the Qualified Products List meeting the requirements of AASHTO M246 for Grade 250/250 polymer . Use only lock seam pipe. Verify that the metallic coating weight on individual samples of fabricated pipe or steel sheet meets the single spot and triple spot test MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-69 requirements in accordance with AASHTO M218. Refer to Table
909-6, Table 909-7, Table 909-8, Table 909- 9, Tabl e 909-10, Table 909-11 , and 909-20 for the specified nominal sheet thickness for a given diameter, class, and size of corrugation of culvert or sewer pipe. Provide pipe less than 12 inches in diameter, fabricated from steel sheet with a minimum thickness of at least 0.064 inch (16 ga uge).
2.End Finish for Helical Corrugated Pipe . For helical corrugated pipe, except perforated pipe, with diameters of at least 12 inches, reroll the pipe ends to form at least two circumferential corrugations in accordance with AASHTO M36 or AASHTO M245 . This end treatment for perforated pipe and pipe with diameters less than 12 inches and pipe that spans the road surface in a single section is optional for the fabricator.
3.Coupling Bands . To connec t sections of pipe and to attach end sections to culvert pipe with diameters of at least 12 inches, except perforated pipe, provide coupling bands circumferentially corrugated with the same size corrugations as on the ends of the pipe or use universal band s with gaskets . For coupling bands with diameters no greater than 10 inches, use coupling bands with corrugations matching the pipe corrugations. The Contractor may connect perforated pipe with a diameter no greater than 12 inches with smooth sleeve -type couplers . For perforated pipe with diameters greater than 12 inches, use coupling bands with corrugations matching the pipe corrugations , dimple bands, or universal bands . Provide coupling band connections as specified in subsection 401.03 and meeting the requirements of AASHTO M36 or AASHTO M245.
B.Corrugated Aluminum Alloy Pipe . Provide corrugated aluminum alloy pipe meeting the requirements of AASHTO M196, except fabricate pipe from aluminum sheet with the nominal thickness specified in Table 909 -12, Table 909-13, Table 909-14, Table 909-15, Table 909-16, and Table 909-17. Only use Type IA and Type IIA corrugated aluminum alloy pipe if directed by the Engineer.
C.Steel End Sections . Provide steel end sections with coupling bands or hardware as shown on the plans . Metallic coating on the end sections must be the same as the metallic coating on the pipe, except z inc-coated steel end sections may be used with aluminum -coated steel pipe and MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-70 polymer -coated steel pipe. Provide metal end sections meeting the
requirements of AASHTO M36.
D.Steel Pipe for Jacking in Place. Provide steel pipe for jacking in place meeting the requirements of ASTM A53/A53M for Type E or Type S, Grade B , or ASTM A139 /A136M for Grade B . Provide a continuous welded joi nt to create a watertight casing that is capable of withstanding handling and installation stresses . Perform field welding using the shielded metal arc welding process and using E6011 or E7018 electrodes. 909.06. Plastic Pipe Products Provide smooth-l ined corrugat ed polyethylene (CPE) pipe and required fittings meeting the requirements of AASHTO M294 for Type S. Provide corrugated polyvinyl chloride (CPV) pipe and required fittings meeting the requirements of AASHTO M304. The Engineer will test CPV pipe in accordance with MT M 728. If providing a separate fitting or coupling to ensure a watertight joint in corrugated plastic pipe culverts and sewers, use non-corrugated, solid sleeve, fabricated from p olyethylene (PE) , or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with a gasket meeting the requirements of subsection 909.03 on both sides of the joint. Do not use split collar couplers. Provide a pipe indentation in each sleeve in the center to ensure positioning of the pipe sections in the field . Factory -install ed sleeves on one e nd of the pipe sections and place a removable protective material over the exposed gaskets . Lubricate gaskets and sleeves before insertion according to manufacturer ’s recommendations. 909.07. Pipe for Underdrains
A.Smooth Plastic Pipe for Underdrain . Provide smooth plastic pipe for underdrain, fabricated from PVC pipe meeting the requirements of AASHTO M278 . For pipes no greater than 6 inches in diameter, the Contractor may use acrylonitrile -butadiene-styrene (ABS) pipe meeting the requirements of ASTM D2751 for SDR 35 with perforations meeting the requirements of AASHTO M278, except that the joint tightness requirements do not apply.
B.Corrugated Plastic Tubing for Underdrain . Provide corrugated plastic tubing for underdrain meeting the requirements of AASHTO M252 for PE tubing or ASTM F949 for PVC tubing. Ensure that the perforations for PE and PVC tubing meet the requirements of AASHTO M252. MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-71 C. Underdrain Outlets . Provide PVC pipe underdrain outlets meeting one of
the following requirements:
1.ASTM D1785 Schedule 40;
2.ASTM D2665;
3.ASTM D3034, for Type SDR 23.5; or
4.Corrugated steel pipe in accordance with subsection 909.05.A.
D.Connections . Seal connections with tape recommended by the manufacturer for underground service conditions . Provide tape resistant to moisture and organic growth. 909.08. Pipe for Downspouts
A.Bridge Deck Downspouts . Provide bridge deck downspouts of PE pipe meeting the requirements of ASTM F714, PE 4710, DR 26, Schedule 80 PVC. The Contractor may provide bridge deck downspo uts of fiberglass -reinforced thermosetting resin pipe with a short -term rupture hoops tensile stress of at least 30,000 psi in accordance with ASTM D2996. PVC pipe must be in accordance with ASTM D1785 and ASTM D4216 to prevent changes in color, physical properties , and appearance due to weathering.
B.Culvert, Downspouts . If shown on the plans, provide other culvert downspouts made from one of the following:
1.Corrugated steel pipe as specified in subsection 909.05.A;
2.Corrugated aluminum alloy pipe as specified in subsection 909.05.B; or
3.CPE p ipe meeting the requirements of AASHTO M294 for Type C. Provide fittings required for CP E pipe meeting the requirements of AASHTO M294. Seal joints between lengths of pipe, as recommended by the pipe manufacturer, to form silt -tight joints . Provide end sections as shown on the plans and specified in subsection 909.04.D or subsection 909.05.C.
C.Bridge Deck Drain Extensions. Provide bridge deck drain extensions as an integral component of the drain casting assembly in accordance with MDOT Standard Plan B -101 series. 909.09. Cold -Applied Pipe Joint Sealer Provide asphaltic material for seali ng joints in concrete or clay pipe that can be spread on the joints with a trowel at an air temperature from 14 to 100°F . MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-72 The material must not flow, crack, or become brittle if exposed to the
atmosphere. Verify that the material adheres to the concrete or clay to make a watertight seal. Deliver the sealer to the project in sealed containers . Protect the sealer from contamination. Mark the container with “Cold Applied Pipe Joint Sealer ” and the brand name, net volume or weight, and application requirements. 909.10. Drainage Marker Posts Provide drainage marker posts meeting the requirements for plastic or steel delineator posts as specified in section 919 or the requirements for steel line fence posts in section 907, except provide posts at least 6 feet long. The Contractor may submit alternat ive post materials to the Engineer for approval. 909.11. Rodent Screens Provide rodent screens of hardware cloth meeting the requirements of ASTM A740 with an opening size no greater than 0.30 inch, except provide wire of a nominal size of 0.057 inch and a minimum zinc coating weight of 0.59 ounce per square foot of uncoated wire surface, applied after weaving . The Contractor may substitute fabric made of Type 304 stainless steel wire with an opening no greater than 0.30 inch and a 0.057-inch nominal wire diameter . The Contractor may submit other screens with openings no greater than 0.30 inch to the Engineer for approval. Form the screen using a punch and die. After shaping, ensure that the fabric forms a cylinder slightly larger than the inside diameter of the outlet pipe. Table 909- 1: Additional Designs For Class II Reinforced Concrete Pipe (AASHTO M170 Table 2 Extended) Internal Diameter of Pipe (inch) Minimum Wall Thickness (inch) Reinforcement per F oot of Pipe Wall (sq in) Circular Reinforcement in Circular Pipe Elliptical Reinforcement in Circular Pipe Inner Cage Outer Cage Inner Circular Cage Elliptical Cage 114 9.5 0.56 0.34 0.22 0.34 120 10 0.61 0.37 0.24 0.37 126 10.5 0.65 0.39 0.26 0.39 132 11 0.70 0.42 0.28 0.42 144 12 0.80 0.48 0.32 0.48 Notes: D-load = pound- force per linear foot per foot of diameter D-load to produce a 0.01-inch crack : 1,000 D-load to produce the ultimate load : 1,500 Concrete strength: 5,000 psi MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-73 Table 909- 2:
Additional Designs f or Class III Reinforced Concrete Pipe (AASHTO M170 Table 3 Extended) Internal Diameter of Pipe (inch) Minimum Wall Thickness (inch) Reinforcement per foot of Pipe Wall (sq in) Stirrup Support System Circular Reinforcement in Circular Pipe Elliptical Reinforcement in Circular Pipe Minimum Area per Support Element, (sq in)(a) No. of Lines(b) Long. Spacing (inch) Circum. Spacing on Inner Cage (inch) Amplitude of Supports (inch)(c) Ave. Area (sq in per ft per line)(d) Inner Cage Outer Cage Inner Circular Cage Elliptical Cage 114 9½ 0.69 0.41 0.28 0.41 0.041 5 2 6⅛ 6.68 0.242 120 10 0.74 0.44 0.30 0.44 0.041 5 2 6½ 7.16 0.242 126 10½ 0.79 0.47 0.32 0.47 0.041 5 2 6⅞ 7.68 0.242 132 11 0.85 0.51 0.34 0.51 0.041 5 2 7¼ 8.16 0.242 144 12 0.97 0.58 0.39 0.58 0.041 5 2 8 9.16 0.242 Notes: D-load = pound- force per linear foot per foot of diameter D-load to produce a 0.01-inch crack : 1,350 D-lad to produce the ultimate load : 2,000 Concrete strength: 5,000 psi Where a stirrup system is shown for a given size, it must be used with the circumferential reinforcement design selected.
a.Two times the cross-sectional area of the wire used in the stirrup support system using 2 - × 8-inch pattern for inner cage steel.
b.Number of longitudinal lines required in the top and in the bottom portions of the pipe.
c.Overall width of each line of sti rrup support system using 2 - × 8-inch pattern for inner cage steel . Use with Shearlock stirrups or S -stirrups or equal .
d.Minimum area per s upport times number of supports per foot using 2- × 8-inch pattern for inner cage steel. MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-74 Table 909- 3:
Additional Designs f or Class IV Reinforced Concrete Pipe (AASHTO M170 Table 4 Extended) Internal Diameter of Pipe, (in) Minimum Wall Thickness, (in) Reinforcement per Foot of Pipe Wall (sq in) Stirrup Support System Circular Reinforcement in Circular Pipe Elliptical Reinforcement in Circular Pipe Inner Cage Outer Cage Inner Circular Cage Elliptical Cage Concrete Strength, 5 ,500 psi Minimum Area per Support Element (square inch)(a) Number of Lines(b) Long. Spacing (inch) Circum. Spacing on Inner Cage (inch) Amplitude of Supports (inch)(c) Ave. Area (square inch per foot per line)(d) 78 7½ 0.87 0.52 0.35 0.52 84 8 1.00 0.60 0.40 0.64 — — Concrete Strength, 5 ,000 psi 78 7½ 0.69 0.41 0.28 0.41 0.028 11 2 4⅛ 4.67 0.167 84 8 0.74 0.44 0.30 0.44 0.028 11 2 4⅝ 5.17 0.167 90 8 0.85 0.51 0.34 0.51 0.028 11 2 4⅝ 5.17 0.167 96 8½ 0.91 0.55 0.36 0.55 0.028 11 2 5⅛ 5.67 0.167 102 8½ 1.02 0.61 0.41 0.61 0.033 11 2 5⅛ 5.67 0.195 108 9 1.07 0.64 0.43 0.64 0.043 11 2 5⅝ 6.17 0.260 114 9½ 1.02 0.61 0.41 0.61 0.047 11 2 6⅛ 6.67 0.279 120 10 1.10 0.66 0.44 0.66 0.050 11 2 6½ 7.17 0.298 126 10½ 1.17 0.70 0.47 0.70 0.053 11 2 6⅞ 7.67 0.316 132 11 1.25 0.75 0.50 0.75 0.056 11 2 7¼ 8.17 0.335 144 12 1.42 0.85 0.57 0.85 0.064 11 2 8 9.17 0.381 MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-75 Table 909- 3 (cont.):
Additional Designs f or Class IV Reinforced Concrete Pipe (AASHTO M170 Table 4 Extended) Note s: D-load = pound- force per linear foot per foot of diameter D-load to produce a 0.01-inch crack : 2,000 D-load to produce the ultimate load : 3,000 Where a stirrup system is shown for a given size, it must be used with the circumferential reinforcement design selected.
a.Two times the cross-sectional area of the wire used in the S -stirrups.
b.Number of longi tudinal lines required in the top and in the bottom portions of the pipe.
c.Overall width of each line of stirrup support system using 2- × 8-inch in pattern for inner cage steel . Use with Shearlock stirrups or S -stirrups or equal.
d.Minimum area per s upport times number of supports per foot using 2 - × 8-inch pattern for inner cage steel. MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-76 Table 909- 4:
Additional Designs for Class V Reinforced Concrete Pipe (AASHTO M170 Table 5 Extended) Internal Diameter of Pipe (inch) Wall Thickness (inch min.) Rein forcement per Foot of Pipe Wall (sq in) Stirrup Support System Circular Reinforcement in Circular Pipe Elliptical Reinforcement in Circular Pipe Inner Cage Outer Cage Inner Circular Cage Elliptical Cage Minimum Area per Support Element (sq in)(a) Number of Lines(b) Long. Spacing (inch) Circum. Spacing on Inner Cage (inch) Amplitude of Supports (inch)(c) Ave. Area, (square inch per foot per line)(d) 54 5½ 0.64 0.38 0.26 0.38 0.028 15 2 2⅛ 2.68 0.167 60 6 0.70 0.42 0.28 0.42 0.028 14 2 2⅝ 3.20 0.167 66 6½ 0.79 0.47 0.32 0.47 0.028 13 2 3⅛ 3.68 0.167 72 7 0.87 0.52 0.35 0.52 0.028 12 2 3⅝ 4.16 0.167 78 7½ 0.92 0.55 0.37 0.55 0.028 11 2 4⅛ 4.68 0.167 84 8 0.99 0.59 0.40 0.59 0.033 11 2 4⅝ 5.16 0.195 90 8 1.13 0.68 0.45 0.68 0.040 11 2 4⅝ 5.16 0.248 96 8½ 1.20 0.72 0.48 0.72 0.043 11 2 5⅛ 5.68 0.260 102 8½ 1.34 0.80 0.54 0.80 0.051 11 2 5⅛ 5.68 0.307 108 9 1.51 0.91 0.60 0.91 0.061 11 2 5⅝ 6.16 0.363 114 9½ 1.51 0.91 0.60 0.91 0.062 11 2 6⅛ 6.68 0.372 120 10 1.62 0.97 0.65 0.97 0.067 11 2 6½ 7.16 0.400 MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-77 Table 909- 4 (cont.) :
Additional Designs for Class V Reinforced Concrete Pipe (AASHTO M170 Table 5 Extended) Internal Diameter of Pipe (inch) Wall Thickness (inch min.) Reinforcement per Foot of Pipe Wall (sq in) Stirrup Support System Circular Reinforcement in Circular Pipe Elliptical Reinforcement in Circular Pipe Inner Cage Outer Cage Inner Circular Cage Elliptical Cage Minimum Area per Support Element (sq in)(a) Number of Lines(b) Long. Spacing (inch) Circum. Spacing on Inner Cage (inch) Amplitude of Supports (inch)(c) Ave. Area, (square inch per foot per line)(d) 126 10½ 1.73 1.04 0.69 1.04 0.070 11 2 6⅞ 7.68 0.419 132 11 1.84 1.10 0.74 1.10 0.074 11 2 7¼ 8.16 0.446 144 12 2.09 1.25 0.84 1.25 0.082 11 2 8 9.16 0.493 Note s: D-load = pound- force per linear foot per foot of diameter D-load to produce a 0.01-inch crack : 3,000 D-load to produce the ultimate load : 3,750 Concrete strength: 6,000 psi Where a stirrup system is shown for a given size, it must be used with the circumferential reinforcement design selected.
a.Two times the cross-sectional area of the wire used in the Stirrups Support Syst em using 2 × 8 -inch pattern for inner cage steel . Use with Shearlock stirrups or S-stirrups or equal.
b.Number of longitudinal lines required in the top and in the bottom portions of the pipe.
c.Overall width of each line of stirrups.
d.Minimum area per support times number of supports per foot using 2 × 8-in ch pattern for inner cage steel . MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-78 Table 909- 5:
Additional Designs for Horizontal Elliptical Pipe Specified Diam ., Equiv . Round Size (inch) Specified Rise by Span (inch) Min. Wall Thick (inch) Reinforcement (square inch per foot ) Class HE -A Class HE -I Class HE -II Class HE -III Class HE -IV D-Loads Stirrup Support System 0.01 = 600 0.01 = 800 0.01 = 1000 0.01 = 1350 0.01 = 2000 Min. Area per Support Element (square inch) Number of Lines(a) Long. Spacing (inch) Circum. Spacing on Inner Cage (inch)(b) Ult = 900 Ult = 1200 Ult = 1500 Ult = 2000 Ult = 3000 In Cage Out Cage In Cage Out Cage In Cage Out Cage In Cage Out Cage In Cage Out Cage 48 38 × 60 5½ — — — — — — — — 0.70 0.70 0.13 15 2 3.000 54 43 × 68 6 — — — — — — — — 0.82 0.82 0.15 15 2 3.375 60 48 × 76 6½ — — — — — — — — 0.94 0.94 0.17 15 2 3.750 66 53 × 83 7 — — — — — — — — 0.99 0.99 0.17 15 2 4.125 72 58 × 91 7½ — — — — — — — — 1.11 1.11 0.19 15 2 4.500 84 63 × 98 8 — — — — — — — — 1.21 1.21 0.21 15 2 4.875 78 68 × 106 8½ — — — — — — — — 1.33 1.33 0.22 15 2 5.250 90 72 × 113 9 0.28 0.28 0.40 0.40 0.58 0.58 — 0.84 1.43 1.43 0.24 15 2 5.625 96 77 × 121 9½ 0.30 0.30 0.45 0.45 0.65 0.65 0.92 0.92 1.56 1.56 0.26 15 2 6.000 102 82 × 128 9¾ 0.33 0.33 0.52 0.52 0.73 0.73 1.03 1.03 1.72 1.72 0.28 15 2 6.188 108 87 × 136 10 0.36 0.36 0.60 0.60 0.83 0.83 1.16 1.16 1.92 1.92 0.30 15 2 6.375 114 92 × 143 10½ 0.40 0.40 0.64 0.64 0.88 0.88 1.23 1.23 2.02 2.02 0.32 15 2 6.750 120 97 × 151 11 0.44 0.44 0.70 0.70 0.96 0.96 1.32 1.32 2.16 2.16 0.34 15 2 7.125 MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-79 Table 909- 5 (cont.) :
Additional Designs for Horizontal Elliptical Pipe Specified Diam., Equiv. Round Size (inch) Specified Rise by Span (inch) Min. Wall Thick (inch) Reinforcement (square inch per foot) Class HE -A Class HE -I Class HE -II Class HE -III Class HE -IV D-Loads Stirrup Support System 0.01 = 600 0.01 = 800 0.01 = 1000 0.01 = 1350 0.01 = 2000 Min. Area per Support Element (square inch) Number of Lines(a) Long. Spacing (inch) Circum. Spacing on Inner Cage (inch)(b) Ult = 900 Ult = 1200 Ult = 1500 Ult = 2000 Ult = 3000 In Cage Out Cage In Cage Out Cage In Cage Out Cage In Cage Out Cage In Cage Out Cage 132 106 × 166 12 0.53 0.53 0.81 0.81 1.09 1.09 1.49 1.49 2.40 2.40 0.38 15 2 7.875 144 116 × 180 13 0.61 0.61 0.91 0.91 1.21 1.21 1.64 1.64 2.62 2.62 0.42 15 2 8.625 Concrete s trength ( psi) 4,000 4,000 4,000 5,000 48 inch , 54 inch , 60 inch 4,000 66-144 inch 5,000 Note: Where a stirrup system is shown for a given size, it must be used with the circumferential reinforcement design selected.
a.Number of longitudinal lines required in the top and in the bottom portions of the pipe.
b.Overall width of each line of stirrups. MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-80 Table 909- 6:
References for Spiral Ribbed and Corrugated Metal Pipes Pipe Material Type Driveway Culverts and Downspouts Culverts Sewers Minimum Design Life 25 years 50 years 70 years Galvanized spiral r ibbed m etal pipe Table 909 -8 0.109(a) 0.168(a) Aluminized Type 2 spiral r ibbed m etal pipe Table 909 -8 Table 909- 11 0.138(a) Polymer -precoated s piral r ibbed metal pipe Table 909 -8 Table 909- 8 Table 909- 8 Galvanized corrugated m etal pipe Table 909 -7 Table 909- 9 0.168(a),(b) Aluminized Type 2 corrugated m etal pipe Table 909 -7 Table 909- 10 0.138(a),(b) Polymer -precoated c orrugated galvanized pipe Table 909 -7 Table 909- 7 Table 909- 7(b) Aluminum pipe Table 909 -12 Table 909- 13 Table 909- 14 Aluminum spiral ribbed pipe Table 909 -15 Table 909- 16 Table 909- 17 Dual-wall polymer -precoated galvanized corrugated s teel pipe Table 909 -20 Table 909- 20 Table 909- 20 Note s: Minimum wall thickness in inches to meet structural and durability requirements for various metal pipes to meet the design life. Numbers represent the minimum durability gage requirements for the specific pipe material. Table 909 -7 represents the minimum structural gauge thickness requirements for corrugated steel pipe. Table 909 -8 represents the minimum structural gauge thickness requirements for spiral ribbed steel pipe.
a.Required wall thickness (inch) .
b.Permitted for 12 - to 18 -inch-diameter 2⅔ - × ½-inch helically corrugated pipe only. MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-81 Table 909- 7:
Wall Thickness Requirements in Inches, Based on Diameter Class of Pipe and Size of Corrugation Pipe Diameter (inch) Depth of Cover 0–16 feet >16–24 feet >24–32 feet Corrugation Size (inch) 2⅔ × ½ 3 × 1, 5 × 1 2⅔ × ½ 3 × 1 5 × 1 2⅔ × ½ 3 × 1 5 × 1 Required Wall Thickness (inch) 12–30 0.064 — 0.064 — — 0.064 — — 36–48 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 54 0.079 0.064 0.079 0.064 0.064 0.079 0.064 0.064 60 0.109 0.064 0.109 0.064 0.064 0.109 0.064 0.064 66 0.138 0.064 0.138 0.064 0.064 0.138 0.064 0.064 72 0.138 0.064 0.138 0.064 0.064 0.138 0.064 0.064 78 0.168 0.064 0.168 0.064 0.064 0.168 0.064 0.064 84 0.168 0.064 0.168 0.064 0.064 0.168 0.064 0.079 90 — 0.064 — 0.064 0.064 — 0.079 0.079 96 — 0.079 — 0.079 0.079 — 0.079 0.079 102 — 0.079 — 0.079 0.079 — 0.079 0.109 108–120 — 0.109 — 0.109 0.109 — 0.109 0.109 126 — 0.138 — 0.138 0.138 — 0.138 0.138 130–136 — 0.138 — 0.138 0.138 — 0.138 0.138 144 — 0.168 — 0.168 0.168 — 0.168 0.168 MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-82 Table 909- 8:
Wall Thickness Requirements in Inches Based on Diameter, Class of Pipe, and Size of Ribs Pipe Diameter (inch) Depth of Cover 0–16 feet >16–24 feet >24–32 feet Corrugation Size (inch) ¾ × ¾ × 7½ ¾ × 1 × 11½ ¾ × ¾ × 7½ ¾ × 1 × 11½ ¾ × ¾ × 7½ ¾ × 1 × 11½ Required Wall Thickness (inch) 18–36 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 42 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.079 48 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.079 0.064 0.079 54 0.079 0.064 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.109 60 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.109 66 0.109 0.079 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.109 72–78 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.109 84 — 0.109 — 0.109 — 0.109 MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-83 Table 909- 9:
Wall Thickness Requirements in Inches Based on Class of Pipe and Size of Corrugation Pipe Diameter (inch) Class A and Class B Class C Class D Corrugation Size (inch) 2⅔ × ½ 3 × 1, 5 × 1 2⅔ × ½ 3 × 1, 5 × 1 2⅔ × ½ 3 × 1 5 × 1 Required Wall Thickness (inch) 12–30 0.109 — 0.109 — 0.109 — — 36–60 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.107 0.109 0.109 66–72 0.138 0.109 0.138 0.109 0.138 0.109 0.109 78–84 0.168 0.109 0.168 0.109 0.168 0.109 0.109 90–102 — 0.109 — 0.109 — 0.109 0.109 108–120 — 0.109 — 0.109 — 0.109 0.109 126 — 0.138 — 0.138 — 0.138 0.138 130–136 — 0.138 — 0.138 — 0.138 0.138 144 — 0.168 — 0.168 — 0.168 0.168 MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-84 Table 909- 10:
Wall Thickness Requirements in Inches Based on Diameter, Class of Pipe and Size of Corrugation Pipe Diameter (inch) Class A and B Class C Class D Corrugation Size (inch) 2⅔ × ½ 3 × 1, 5 × 1 2⅔ × ½ 3 × 1 5 x 1 2⅔ × ½ 3 × 1 5 x 1 Required Wall Thickness (inch) 12–30 0.079 — 0.079 — — 0.079 — — 36–54 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.079 60 0.109 0.079 0.109 0.079 0.079 0.109 0.079 0.079 66–72 0.138 0.079 0.138 0.079 0.079 0.138 0.079 0.079 78–84 0.168 0.079 0.168 0.079 0.079 0.168 0.079 0.079 90–96 — 0.079 — 0.079 0.079 — 0.079 0.079 102 — 0.079 — 0.079 0.079 — 0.079 0.109 108–120 — 0.109 — 0.109 0.109 — 0.109 0.109 126 — 0.138 — 0.138 0.138 — 0.138 0.138 130–136 — 0.138 — 0.138 0.138 — 0.138 0.138 144 — 0.168 — 0.168 0.168 — 0.168 0.168 MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-85 Table 909- 11:
Wall Thickness Requirements in Inches Based on Diameter, Class of Pipe, and Size of Ribs Pipe Diameter (inch) Class A and B Class C Class D Corrugation Size (inch) ¾ × ¾ × 7½ ¾ × 1 × 11½ ¾ × ¾ × 7½ ¾ × 1 × 11½ ¾ × ¾ × 7½ ¾ × 1 × 11½ Required Wall Thickness (inch) 18–48 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.079 54–60 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.109 66–78 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.109 84 — 0.109 — 0.109 — 0.109 Table 909- 12: Wall Thickness Requirements in Inches, Based on Class of Pipe and Size of Corrugation, Lock Seam Pipe Only Pipe Diameter (inch) Depth of Cover 0–16 feet >16–24 feet >24–32 feet Corrugation Size (inch) 2⅔ × ½ 3 × 1 2⅔ × ½ 3 × 1 2⅔ × ½ 3 × 1 Required Wall Thickness (inch) 12–27 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060 30–36 0.075 0.060 0.075 0.060 0.075 0.060 42–54 0.105 0.060 0.105 0.060 0.105 0.060 60 0.135 0.075 0.135 0.075 0.135 0.075 66–72 0.164 0.075 0.164 0.075 0.164 0.075 78 — 0.075 — 0.075 — 0.075 84–96 — 0.105 — 0.105 — 0.105 102–108 — 0.135 — 0.135 — 0.135 112–120 — 0.164 — 0.164 — 0.164 MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-86 Table 909- 13:
Wall Thickness Requirements in Inches, Based on Class of Pipe and Size of Corrugation, Lock Seam Pipe Only Pipe Diameter (inch) Class A, B, C, D Corrugation Size (inch) 2⅔ × ½ 3 × 1 Required Wall Thickness (inch) 12–36 0.075 0.075 42–54 0.105 0.075 60 0.135 0.075 66–72 0.164 0.075 78 — 0.075 84–96 — 0.105 102–108 — 0.135 112–120 — 0.164 Table 909- 14: Wall Thickness Requirements in Inches, Based on Class of Pipe and Size of Corrugation, Lock Seam Pipe Only Pipe Diameter (inch) Class A, B, C, D Corrugation Size (inch) 2⅔ × ½ 3 × 1 Required Wall Thickness (inch) 12–54 0.105 0.105 60 0.135 0.105 66–72 0.164 0.105 78–96 — 0.105 102–108 — 0.135 112–120 — 0.164 Table 909- 15: Wall Thickness Requirements in Inches, Based on Diameter, Class of Pipe, and Size of Rib, Lock Seam Pipe Only Pipe Diameter (inch) Class F, ¾ × ¾ × 7½ Required Wall Thickness (inch) 18–24 0.060 30–36 0.075 42–54 0.105 60–66 0.135 MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-87 Table 909- 16:
Wall Thickness Requirements in inches, Ba sed on Diameter, Class of Pipe, and Size of Rib, Lock Seam Pipe Only Pipe Diameter (inch) Class A, B, C, D ¾ × ¾ × 7½ Required Wall Thickness (inch) 18–36 0.075 42–54 0.105 60–66 0.135 Table 909- 17: Wall Thickness Requirements in Inches, Based on Diameter, Class of Pipe, and Size of Rib, Lock Seam Pipe Only Pipe Diameter (inch) Class A, B, C, D ¾ × ¾ × 7½ Required Wall Thickness (inch) 18–54 0.105 60–66 0.135 Table 909- 18: Jacked -in-Place Steel Pipe Nominal OD and Wall Thickness Nominal Size (inch) Nominal Outside Diameter (inch) Wall Thickness (inch) 2 2.375 0.154 4 4.500 0.188 6 6.625 0.188 8 8.625 0.188 10 10.750 0.188 12 12.750 0.188 14 14.000 0.250 16 16.000 0.250 18 18.000 0.250 20 20.000 0.250 24 24.000 0.250 30 30.000 0.312 36 36.000 0.312 42 42.000 0.438 48 48.000 0.500 54 54.000 0.563 MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-88 Table 909- 19:
Gage Equivalents to Nominal Thickness Sheet Gauge Number Nominal Thickness Galvanized Aluminum Alloy 18 0.052 0.048 16 0.064 0.060 14 0.079 0.075 12 0.109 0.105 10 0.138 0.135 8 0.168 0.164 7 0.188 — 5 0.218 — 3 0.249 — 1 0.280 — Table 909- 20: Dual Wall Polymer -Precoated Galvanized Corrugated Steel Pipe Wall Thickness Requirements in inches Based on Diameter and Size of Corrugation Diameter of Pipe (inch) Corrugation Size (inch) 2⅔ × ½ 3 × 1 Shell Liner Shell Liner Required Wall Thickness (inch) 36–48 0.064 0.052 0.064 0.052 54 0.079 0.052 0.064 0.052 60 0.109 0.052 0.064 0.052 66–72 0.138 0.052 0.064 0.052 78–84 0.168 0.052 0.064 0.052 90–102 — — 0.079 0.052 108–120 — — 0.109 0.052 126–136 — — 0.138 0.052 144 — — 0.168 0.052 MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-89 Table 909- 21:
Corrugated Steel Pipe (CSP) AASHTO LRFD Cover Heights for CSP Pipe -Arch 3 x 1 in ch Span x Rise (inch) Equiv Dia m. (inch) Min. Nominal Thickness (in ch)(a) Min. Cover (feet) Max. Cover (feet) 53 x 41 48 0.079 2.0 11 60 x 46 54 0.079 2.0 20 66 x 51 60 0.079 1.2 20 73 x 55 66 0.079 1.2 20 81 x 59 72 0.079 1.5 16 87 x 63 78 0.079 1.5 16 95 x 67 84 0.079 1.5 16 103 x 71 90 0.079 1.5 16 112 x 75 96 0.109 1.5 16 117 x 79 102 0.109 1.5 16 128 x 83 108 0.138 1.5 16 137 x 87 114 0.138 1.6 16 142 x 91 120 0.138 1.6 16
a.Manufacturing limitations include a 0.079 -inch minimum nominal thickness for 3- x 1-inch pipe-arch . Table 909- 22: Corrugated Steel Pipe (CSP) AASHTO LRFD Cover Heights for CSP Pipe -Arch , 5 x 1 in ch Span x Rise (inch) Equiv Dia m. (inch) Min. Nominal Thickness (inch)(a) Min. Cover (feet) Max. Cover (feet) 53 x 41 48 0.109 2.0 11 60 x 46 54 0.109 1.2 20 66 x 51 60 0.109 1.2 20 73 x 55 66 0.109 1.2 20 81 x 59 72 0.109 1.5 16 87 x 63 78 0.109 1.5 16 95 x 67 84 0.109 1.5 16 103 x 71 90 0.109 1.5 16 112 x 75 96 0.109 1.5 16 117 x 79 102 0.109 1.5 16 128 x 83 108 0.138 1.5 16 137 x 87 114 0.138 1.6 16 142 x 91 120 0.138 1.6 16
a.Manufacturing limitations include a 0.109 -inch minimum nominal thickness for 5- x 1-inch pipe-arch . MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction Section 909
9-90 Table 909- 23:
Corrugated Steel Pipe (CSP) AASHTO LRFD Cover Heights for CSP Pipe -Arch 2⅔ in ch x ½ in ch Span x Rise (inch) Equiv Dia m. (inch) Min. Nominal Thickness (in ch) Min. Cover (feet) Max. Cover (feet) 17 x 13 15 0.064 1.9 12 21 x 15 18 0.064 2.0 12 24 x 18 21 0.064 1.9 12 28 x 20 24 0.064 2.0 12 35 x 24 30 0.064 2.0 12 42 x 29 36 0.064 2.0 12 49 x 33 42 0.079 2.0 12 57 x 38 48 0.109 2.0 11 64 x 43 54 0.109 2.0 11 71 x 47 60 0.138 2.0 11 77 x 52 66 0.168 2.0 12 83 x 57 72 0.168 2.0 12 Table 909- 24: Corrugated Steel Pipe (CSP) AASHTO LRFD Cover Heights for CSP Pipe- Arch ¾ in ch x ¾ in ch x 7½ in ch Spiral Rib Pipe Span x Rise (inch)(a) Equiv Dia m. (inch) Min. Nominal Thickness (in ch) Min. Cover (feet) Max. Cover (feet) 20 x 16 18 0.064 1.6 15 23 x 19 21 0.064 1.7 14 27 x 21 24 0.064 1.8 13 33 x 26 30 0.064 1.8 13 40 x 31 36 0.064 1.9 13 46 x 36 42 0.064 1.8 13 53 x 41 48 0.064(b) 1.9 13 60 x 46 54 0.079 1.3 20 66 x 51 60 0.079(b) 1.3 20 73 x 55 66 0.109 1.3 20 81 x 59 72 0.109(b) 1.5 16 87 x 63 78 0.138 1.5 16 95 x 67 84 0.138 1.5 16 103 x 71 90 0.138(b) 1.5 16
a.ASTM A760 makes provisions for two additional sizes: 112 x 75 in ch and 117 x 79 in ch.
b.Trench installation only . Embankment installations may be used for the heavier gauges.
Source: Michigan Standard Specifications for Construction, 2020 Edition. Pages 876–900 of 1,146.