2399Pavement Surface Smoothness

2399.1DESCRIPTION

This Work consists of measuring the final concrete or bituminous surface for Smoothness and potential Areas of Localized Roughness (ALR). A Definitions For the purpose of the Work specified in section 2399, “Pavement Surface Smoothness,” the Department defines: Corrective Work Any pavement fix – including diamond grinding, milling and inlaying, and overlaying – that is required by the Department when the quality of a new pavement surface fails to meet acceptable Smoothness or ALR thresholds.

2399.2MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS

A Inertial Profiler (IP) Provide a Department certified, calibrated, and documented IP meeting the requirements of ASTM E950/E950M, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Longitudinal Profile of Traveled Surfaces with an Accelerometer Established Inertial Profiling Reference, Class 1 and procedures maintained by the MnDOT Pavement Engineering Section. Refer to the procedures maintained by the MnDOT Pavement Engineering Section or to the MnDOT Smoothness website for the required settings for individual certified IPs. Provide an IP capable of exporting raw profile data in an unfiltered electronic Pavement Profile File (PPF) format. Produce PPF filenames in the YYMMDD-T-N-D-L-B-E.PPF standardized format in accordance with Table 2399.2-1: Table 2399.2-1 Standardized Naming Convention for PPF Files Abbreviation Definition YY Two-digit year MM Month (include leading zeros) DD Day of month (include leading zeros)

Abbreviation Definition T Route type (I, MN, US, CSAH, etc.) N Route number (no leading zeros) and auxiliary ID (if applicable) D Primary route direction (I or D) L Lane number (1 for driving lane, increasing by one for each lane to the left; 0 for other lanes such as acceleration/deceleration lanes, Ramps, Loops) B Beginning station E End station B Profile Analysis Software Use ProVAL software to conduct a profile analysis to determine Smoothness and ALR . Report MRI values in units of inches per mile to one digit right of the decimal in accordance with conventional rounding procedures. C Operator Certification Provide an operator, trained in the operation of the particular IP in accordance with 2399.2A, “Inertial Profiler (IP),” and knowledgeable in the use of the required profile analysis software in accordance with 2399.2B, “Profile Analysis Software.” Ensure profiler operators pass a proficiency test and possess a current certification issued by the Department. The Contractor may access a list of certified operators on the MnDOT Smoothness website. Provide documentation of operator certification to the Engineer. D Submittals D.1 Before Profiling Provide the Engineer with current, valid documentation, issued by the Department, indicating both the IP and the operator certification. D.2 Day of Profiling Submit a printout containing the IP’s settings, each segment’s left and right wheel path International Roughness Index (IRI) values, and the signature of the operator to the Engineer on the same day of the profiling. Submit electronic files in PPF format representing the raw profile data from each pass on the same day of the profiling. Submit electronic data files in Keyhole Markup Language (KML) format representing the geographic location data from each pass on the same day of the profiling . If the Contractor fails to submit actual data to the Engineer on the day of profiling, the Department will require the Contractor to reprofile the measured segments. D.3 Upon Completion of Pavement Placement Within 5 Calendar Days of the placement of all mainline pavement and before beginning Corrective Work, submit a paper ProVAL summary report for each lane, indicating the results of the “Smoothness Assurance” analyses. Use the PPF filenames in accordance with 2399.2A, “Inertial Profiler (IP)” to create ProVAL summary reports. If the summary reports indicate no ALR, or 0.1 mile Corrective Work segments, submit a final Profile Summary worksheet in accordance with 2399.2D.5, “After Corrective Work.”

D.4 Before Corrective Work If the summary reports indicate any ALR, submit a written Corrective Work Plan to the Engineer in accordance with 2399.3E, “Corrective Work.” Include the beginning and ending points of the locations planned for correction in the Corrective Work Plan. Do not begin Corrective Work before the Engineer approves the Plan. If the Department applies a monetary deduction for ALR in accordance with Table 2399.5-4 instead of requiring Corrective Work, submit a final Profile Summary worksheet in accordance with 2399.2D.5, “After Corrective Work.” D.5 After Corrective Work After reprofiling, submit a paper summary ProVAL report for each lane, indicating the results of updated “Smoothness Assurance” analyses to the Engineer. Submit the appropriate MnDOT Profile Summary worksheet available on the Department Smoothness website. The worksheet should match the type of construction and the letting year of the P roject.

2399.3CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

Using an IP, measure the final pavement surface for MRI unless otherwise excluded in Table 2399.3-2. Unless otherwise approved by the Engineer, perform profiling in the presence of the Engineer . Schedule profiling with the Engineer. Reprofile any pavement profiled in the absence of the Engineer as directed by the Engineer at no additional cost to the Department. The Engineer will use a 10 foot straightedge to evaluate areas excluded from surface testing with the IP in accordance with Table 2399.3-2. A Pavement Surface Testing Remove objects and foreign Material from the pavement surface before performing the pavement surface evaluation. Provide traffic control required for testing and performing Corrective Work on the final pavement surface. Run the IP in the direction of traffic. Measure profiles in the left and right wheel paths of each lane. Test and evaluate each lane separately. The Engineer will determine the length in miles of each mainline Traffic Lane. Operate the IP at the optimum speed as recommended by the manufacturer. Separate each lane into segments 0.1 miles in length. Evaluate the remainder segment less than 0.1 miles in each lane as an independent segment. The Engineer will prorate Incentive/Disincentive for length. Make each pass continuously, regardless of length, and end passes before exclusions in accordance with Table 2399.3-2. For percent improvement Projects, measure Smoothness before the beginning of construction and after the completion of construction. Use the same stationing for the final profiling as the stationing used for the initial profiling to allow for a direct comparison of Smoothness when calcula ting the percent improvement. Measure the Smoothness Before Paving and the Smoothness After Paving values with the same IP. The Engineer will use a 10 foot straightedge to measure for surface deviations in accordance with 2301, “Concrete Pavement,” and 2360, “Plant Mixed Asphalt Pavement.”

B Exclusions Table 2399.3-1 indicates areas that are excluded from Smoothness evaluation, but still require measurement with an IP, and are subject to evaluation for ALR and the 10 foot straightedge. Table 2399.3-2 indicates areas that are excluded from surface testing with the IP, but are subject to evaluation with the 10 foot straightedge. Table 2399.3-1 Areas Excluded from Smoothness Evaluation Pavement Excluded Areas Bituminous or concrete Paving in areas with a posted vehicle speed less than or equal to 45 mph Ramps, Loops Acceleration and deceleration lanes less than 1,000 feet in length Physically isolated segments less than 1,000 feet in length Projects less than 1,000 feet in length Intersections constructed under traffic – begin and end exclusion 100 feet from the Intersection radius Bituminous Single Lift overlays placed directly on concrete Concrete Doweled Shoulders greater than or equal to 10 feet in width

Table 2399.3-2 Areas Excluded from Smoothness and ALR Evaluation Pavement Excluded Areas Bituminous or concrete Paving in areas with a posted vehicle speed less than or equal to 35 mph Paving in areas with a cautionary vehicle speed less than or equal to 35 mph Turn Lanes, crossovers 20 feet on either side of obstructions in lane that obstruction is located Side Streets, side connections 150 feet before stop signs at an Intersection 150 feet before yield signs or concrete curb/median areas at a roundabout Bridge decks, approach panels 20 feet from Bridge decks or approach panels 20 feet from terminal headers tying into existing pavement Bituminous Paved Shoulders Intersections where mainline profiles are merged or blended into the cross Street profile – begin and end exclusion 100 feet from the Intersection radius Concrete Doweled Shoulders less than 10 feet in width Undoweled Shoulders Headers adjacent to colored concrete C Calculations C.1 Smoothness Obtain Smoothness values in an individual lane using the ProVAL “Smoothness Assurance” analysis with the 250 millimeter filter. For percent improvement Projects, use the Smoothness Before Paving and Smoothness After Paving values to calculate the percent ride improvement. C.2 Areas of Localized Roughness Identify ALR using the ProVAL “Smoothness Assurance” analysis, calculating MRI with a continuous short interval of 25 feet with the 250 millimeter filter.

D Pavement Surface Evaluations D.1 Smoothness Evaluate Smoothness requirements using the equations and criteria in accordance with Table 2399.5-1 for bituminous pavements, Table 2399.5-2 for concrete pavements, or Table 2399.5-3 for percent improvement Projects. The Engineer will determine Incentive/Disincentive on the segment Smoothness value (or percent improvement value, for percent improvement Projects) measured at the completion of surface pavement, unless Corrective Work is required by the ProVAL summary report results. If a segment is less than 100 feet in length and Table 2399.5-1, Table 2399.5-2, or Table 2399.5-3 requires Corrective Work, the Engineer will waive the Corrective Work requirement for the segment and instead assess a prorated Disincentive. The Engineer will still subject the segment to ALR analysis in accordance with Table 2399.5-4. For segments requiring Corrective Work, reprofile the entire 0.1 mile segment after performing Corrective Work as directed by the Engineer and enter the reprofiled Smoothness values into the final Profile Summary worksheet. D.1.a Bituminous Pavements See 2360, “Plant Mixed Asphalt Pavement” of the Special Provisions for the Smoothness equation requirements. If no Smoothness equation is specified in the Contract, evaluate with equation HMA-C. D.1.b Concrete Pavements Evaluate with equation PCC-A. D.1.c Percent Improvement Projects Calculate the segment percent improvement in accordance with the following equation: 100% ×−= P avingBeforeSmoothness PavingAfterSmoothnessPavingBeforeSmoothnessI

Determine the Smoothness Before Paving value before patching or other repair. Determine the Smoothness After Paving value after the completion of paving and any Corrective Work. Correct segments with a percentage improvement of less than 0.0 percent at no additional cost to the Department as required by the Engineer. D.2 Areas of Localized Roughness The Engineer will consider areas of ALR acceptable if the reprofiled segment contains no ALR. The Department may apply monetary deductions for ALR remaining after reprofiling as determined by the Engineer and in accordance with Table 2399.5-4. E Corrective Work Notify the Engineer at least 24 hours before beginning Corrective Work. Do not begin Corrective Work before the Engineer approves the methods and procedures in writing.

Perform Corrective Work using a surface diamond grinding device consisting of multiple diamond blades, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. Fog-seal diamond ground bituminous surfaces as required by the Engineer and at no additional cost to the Department . Repair and replace joint sealant damaged by diamond grinding on concrete pavement as directed by the Engineer and at no additional cost to the Department. The Contractor may correct bituminous pavements by overlaying the area or replacing the area by milling and inlaying as approved by the Engineer. If milling and inlaying or overlaying, perform Corrective Work in accordance with 2399, “Pavement Surface Smoothness,” over the entire length of the correction. If milling and inlaying or overlaying, use a transverse saw cut to begin and end the surface correction. Perform Corrective Work across the entire lane width. Maintain the pavement cross slope through corrective areas. Perform coring to determine if diamond grinding Corrective Work results in thin pavements, as directed by the Engineer. Provide additional coring for thickness verification at no additional cost to the Department. Handle residue and excess water resulting from diamond grinding in accordance with 1717, “Air, Land, and Water Pollution.” Perform surface corrections before placing permanent pavement markings . Replace permanent pavement markings damaged or destroyed by Corrective Work at no additional cost to the Department. Reprofile segments containing corrected areas with the same certified IP in accordance with 2399.2A, “Inertial Profiler (IP)” within 5 Calendar Days of the completion of Corrective Work required by the Engineer. F Retesting The Department may retest the pavement surface within 30 Calendar Days of the Contractor’s profiling. If the retested weighted mean Smoothness value differs by less than or equal to 10 percent or 3 inches per mile of the Contractor’s weighted mean Smoothness value, the Engineer will use the Contractor’s segment Smoothness and ALR values as the basis for acceptance , Incentive/Disincentive, and Corrective Work monetary deductions. If the retested weighted mean Smoothness value is greater than 10 percent and 3 inches per mile of the Contractor’s weighted mean Smoothness value, the Engineer will use the retested segment Smoothness and ALR values as the basis for acceptance, Incentive/Disincentive, and Corrective Work monetary deductions.

2399.4METHOD OF MEASUREMENT — BLANK

2399.5BASIS OF PAYMENT

The Department will include the cost of the IP, testing, and traffic control in the relevant C ontract Unit Price in accordance with 2301, “Concrete Pavement,” and 2360, “Plant Mixed Asphalt Pavement.” A Monetary Adjustments The Department must apply incentives and Disincentives and may apply monetary deductions for Pavement Surface Smoothness. The amounts of these adjustments are deemed reasonable.

A.1 Smoothness A.1.a Bituminous Pavements Table 2399.5-1 contains Smoothness Incentive/Disincentive for bituminous pavements. Table 2399.5-1 Smoothness Incentive/Disincentive and Corrective Work for Bituminous Pavements Equation Smoothness inches/mile Incentive/Disincentive $/0.1 mile HMA-A < 25.0 400.00 25.0 – 75.0 800.00 − 16.000 × Smoothness > 75.0 Corrective Work to ≤ 50.0 inches per mile HMA-B < 30.0 270.00 30.0 – 80.0 594.00 − 10.800 × Smoothness > 80.0 Corrective Work to ≤ 55.0 inches per mile HMA-C < 35.0 180.00 35.0 – 95.0 390.00 − 6.000 x Smoothness > 95.0 Corrective Work to ≤ 95.0 inches per mile

For bituminous Projects, the Department will not pay any total Smoothness Incentive if greater than 25 percent of all mainline density lots for the Project fail to meet the minimum density requirements in accordance with 2360, “Plant Mixed Asphalt Pavement.” Use the composite pay factor for mainline density lots with longitudinal joint density. A.1.b Concrete Pavements Table 2399.5-2 contains Smoothness Incentive/Disincentive for concrete pavements. Table 2399.5-2 Smoothness Incentive/Disincentive and Corrective Work for Concrete Pavements Equation Smoothness inches/mile Incentive/Disincentive $/0.1 mile PCC-A < 45.0 890.00 45.0 – 85.0 2892.50 – 44.500 × Smoothness > 85.0 Corrective Work to ≤ 65.0 inches/mile If the Contractor adds water to the pavement surface without approval by the Engineer, the Engineer will not pay any Incentives for 0.1 mile segments where the water was added and the Engineer may reject the pavement in accordance with 1512, “Unacceptable and Unauthorized Work.” A.1.c Percent Improvement Projects Table 2399.5-3 contains Smoothness Incentive/Disincentive for percent improvement Projects.

Table 2399.5-3 Smoothness Incentive/Disincentive and Corrective Work for Percent Improvement Projects Equation Percent Improvement (%I) Incentive/Disincentive $/0.1 mile PI > 70.0 180.00 0.0 to 70.0 −180.00 + 5.143 × (%I) < 0.0 Corrective Work to %I of at least 0.0

For bituminous percent improvement Projects, the Department will not pay any total Smoothness Incentive if greater than 25 percent of all mainline density lots for the Project fail to meet minimum density requirements in accordance with 2360, “Plant Mixed Asphalt Pavement.” Use the composite pay factor for mainline density lots with longitudinal joint density. A.1.d Areas of Localized Roughness Table 2399.5-4 contains monetary deductions for Areas of Localized Roughness. Table 2399.5-4 ALR Monetary Deductions and Corrective Work Requirements Equation 25 foot Continuous MRI inches/mile Corrective Work or Monetary Deduction, per linear 1.0 foot HMA-A or HMA-B, and a posted vehicle speed > 45 mph < 175.0 Acceptable ≥ 175.0 to < 225.0 Corrective Work unless both the Engineer and the Contractor agree to a monetary deduction of $25.00 ≥ 225.0 Corrective Work unless both the Engineer and the Contractor agree to a monetary deduction of $125.00 PCC-A and a posted vehicle speed > 45 mph < 175.0 Acceptable ≥ 175.0 to < 225.0 Corrective Work unless both the Engineer and the Contractor agree to a monetary deduction of $25.00 ≥ 225.0 Corrective Work HMA-C, PI, or any excluded area listed in Table 2399.3-1 < 225.0 Acceptable ≥ 225.0 $25.00

Bridges and Structures