Section 719 Section 719 A 328. The Contractor shall furnish the State Material s Engineer with three certified copies of the mill test reports containing the true chem ical and physical analyses of the material.
719.06 Steel Pipe Piling. Steel pipe piles shall conform to the requirements of ASTM
A252, Grade 3 and shall be e ither (1) seamless, (2) butt-we lded: Electric Resistance Weld (ERW) or Double Submerged Arc Weld (DSAW), or (3) spiralweld pipe. Lap welded seams are not acceptable. The steel shall be a Prequalified Base Metal from the American Welding Society (AWS) Dl. 1 Structural Welded Code-Steel. Prior to fabrication, the Contractor shall furnish the State Materials Engineer three certified copies of steel producer's certificates in acc ordance with ASTM A252. Steel pipe piles shall be uniform sections of the outside diameter and wall thickness shown on the plans. Steel pipe piles shall resist th e earth pressure and retain their original form free from harmful distortions after they and adjacent piles have been driven. All welding of steel pipe piles, including attach ment of pile tips, shall be done by certified welders and shall comply with the governing specifications designated in Subsection
810.02 2.
Two coats of two-part, manufacturer applied, epoxy coal tar coating shall be applied to the outside of all permanent steel pipe piling prior to driving. The limits of application of the coating along the length of the piles shall be as shown on the plans. The epoxy coal tar coating shall conform to the requirements of US Corps of Engineers Specification C-200 and shall be one of the products listed in the pl ans, or an approved equal. The color shall be black. All steel pipe pile surfaces to recei ve the epoxy coal tar coating shall be cleaned in accordance with Subsection 814.03.7. Any shop applied epoxy coal tar coating damaged during handling or transport shall be repa ired in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Concrete used to plug the driven steel pipe piles shall conform to the requirements of Section 804 for Class “AA” concrete, unless otherwise noted. SECTION 720 - PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIALS
720.01 Glass Beads . The beads shall be transparent, clean, colorless glass, smooth and
spherically shaped, free from milkiness, pits, or excessive air bubbles and conform to the specific requirements for the class designated. The glass beads shall contain no more than 200 ppm (mg/kg) total concentration for lead, arsenic, or antimony. The manufacturer shall furnish the Engineer with a certified test report indicating that the glass beads meet the above requirement. Unless otherwise specified, Class A glass beads shall be furnished. 720.01.1--Class A. The Class A, Standard, beads shall be Type 1, non-flotation with a moisture resistant coating conforming to the requirements of AASHTO M 247.
720.01.2 Class B. The Class B, High-Visibility, beads shall be non-flotation, embedment
coated and conform to the following specific requirements. 720.01.2.1--Gradation. The beads shall meet the grad ation requirements of Table 1. Table 1
U.S. Standard Sieve No. % Retained 12 ............................................................... 0 14 ........................................................... 0-5 16 ......................................................... 5-20 18 ....................................................... 40-80 20 ....................................................... 10-40 25 ........................................................... 0-5 Pan .......................................................... 0-2
720.01.2 2--Roundness. The beads shall have a minimum of 80 percent rounds per screen
for the two (2) highest sieve quantities. The remaining sieve fractions shall be no less than 75 percent rounds.
720.01.2 3--Angular Particles . The beads shall have no more than three (3) percent
angular particles per screen.
720.01.2 4--Refractive Index . The beads shall have a refractive index of 1.50 to 1.52.
720.01.3 Packaging and Marking . The beads shall be packaged in 50 or 55-pound
moisture proofed bags. Each bag shall be stamped with the following information: name and address of manufacturer, shipping point, trademark or name, the wording "glass beads", class, weight, lot number and the month and year of manufacture.
720.01.4 Acceptance Procedures. The manufacturer shall fu rnish three copies of the
certified test report(s) to the Central Laborato ry showing results of all required tests and certification that the material meets the spec ifications. Acceptance sampling and testing of glass beads will be in accordance with Department S.O.P. No. TMD-40-02-00-000.
720.02 Thermoplastic Pavement Markings. The thermoplastic material shall be lead
free and conform to AASHTO M 249, except the glass beads shall be moisture resistant coated. The manufacturer/producers of the thermoplastic compound, glass beads, epoxy resin, and primer/sealer shall furnish three copies of certified test reports to the Engineer showing results of all tests specified therein and sha ll further certify that the materials meet all requirements. In addition, the certification fo r the thermoplastic material shall state that the material is lead free.
720.03 Raised Pavement Markers .
720.03.1 General . Raised pavement markers, including high performance raised
pavement markers, shall be listed on the Department's APL.
720.03.2 Type of Markers . Pavement and jiggle markers shall conform to one or more
of the following types: Type A .......................... Non- Reflective White Jiggle Markers Class 1 ................... Acrylonitrile-But adiene-Styrene Polymer Markers Class 2 ................... Ceramic Markers Type AY ....................... Non-Reflec tive Yellow Jiggle Markers Class 1 ................... Acrylonitrile-But adiene-Styrene Polymer Markers Class 2 ................... Ceramic Markers Type B .......................... 2- Way Clear Reflective Markers Type C .......................... Red-Clear Reflective Markers Type D .......................... 2-Way Ye llow Reflective Markers Type E .......................... On e-Way Clear Reflective Markers Type F .......................... One-Way Ye llow Reflective Markers Type G .......................... Yellow-Cl ear Reflective Markers Type H .......................... Chip Seal Clear Reflective Markers Type I ........................... Chip Seal Yellow Reflective Markers High performance raised pavement markers shall be available in Types B through G.
720.03.3 Acceptance Procedures .
720.03.3 1--Marker Type A . The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer three copies of
the manufacturer's certified test reports cove ring all pavement markers shipped to the project. The certified test report shall show the test results on each part of each section contained in Mississippi Test Method MT-17 a nd shall state that the markers represented by the test results comply with the specifi cations contained herein in all respects. The pavement markers will be tentatively accepted on the basis of the manufacturer's certified test reports. Final acceptance shall be based on check samples as set out in Subsection 720.03.4.
720.03.3 2--Marker Type B through G. The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer three copies of the manufacturer's certification covering all pavement markers shipped to the
project. The certification shall state that the raised pavement markers meet the applicable requirements of ASTM D 4280. The pavement markers will be tentatively accepted on the basis of the manufacturer's certification. The Department reserves the right to obtain check samples as deemed necessary for determining compliance with this specification.
720.03.3 3--Marker Type H and I . Prior to use, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer
three copies of a certification for each shipment stating that the material furnished is of the same composition as that originally approved by the Department and that the material has not been changed or altered in any way. The Department will obtain check samples as deemed necessary for determining co mpliance with this specification.
720.03.4 Sampling, Tole rances, and Packaging . Pavement markers shall conform to
sampling, tolerance, and packaging requirements as follows:
a.For Marker Type A, H and I, ten (10) mark ers of each type and class, selected at random, will constitute a representative samp le for each lot regardless of lot size.
b.For Marker Type B through G, check sampling, when performed, shall require ten
10.markers of each type, selected at ra ndom, to constitute a representative sample for each lot regardless of lot size.
c.A resample of any marker type will consist of twice as many markers as originally sampled.
720.03.4 1--Blank.
720.03.4 2--Tolerances.
720.03.4 2.1--Tolerances Fo r Marker Type A, H & I. At least 90% of the original
sampling of each lot of markers shall pass all tests with the following exceptions:
a.When less than 90% but more than 70% pass all tests, a resample of that lot will be allowed at the request of the Contractor.
b.When less than 70% of the markers from the original sample comply with the requirements, the lot represented by the sa mples will be rejected and no resample will be allowed.
c.Tolerances for resamples shall be in the same ratio as specified above. At least two of three specimens, randomly se lected for strength, water absorption, and autoclave, as well as the aver ages of the three, must pass the stated requirements. Otherwise, three additional markers selected at random shall be tested, and if the same conditions for passing are not met for these additional three markers, the lot will be rejected.
720.03.4 2.2--Tolerances Fo r Marker Type B through G. At least 90% of the check
sampling of each lot of markers shall pass the strength test required in the Physical Properties Section of ASTM D 4280 with the following exceptions:
a.When less than 90% but more than 70% pass the test, a resample of that lot will be allowed at the request of the Contractor.
b.When less than 70% of the markers from the check sample comply with the requirements, the lot represented by the sa mples will be rejected and no resample will be allowed.
c.Tolerances for resamples shall be in the same ratio as specified above.
720.03.4 3--Packaging . Shipments shall be made in containers acceptable to common
carriers and packaged in such a manner as to ensure delivery in perfect condition. All damaged shipments shall be replaced by the Contractor. Each package shall be clearly marked as to the name of the manufacturer, type, quantity enclosed, lot number, and date of manufacture.
720.03.5 Non-Reflect ive Pavement Markers . Non-reflective jiggle markers shall be
either Class 1 or Class 2. Markers shall be approved products as listed on the Department's APL for jiggle bar markers.
720.03.5 1--Class 1 Markers . Class 1 non-reflective jiggle markers shall consist of an
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer or other approved material, and shall be 4 inches wide x 6 inches long. Infrared curves of materials used in markers shall match approved curves on file at the Central Laboratory. Class 1 markers shall conform to the following requirements when tested in accordance with Mississippi Test Method: MT-17. Property Requirement Heat Resistance No change in shape or appearance Impact Resistance No break, chip or crack Load Resistance No break, chip, crack or permanent deformation
720.03.5 2--Class 2 Markers . Class 2 non-reflective jiggle ma rkers shall consist of a heat-
fired, vitreous, ceramic base, and a heat-fi red, opaque, glazed su rface to produce the properties required in these specifications. Th e bottom of the marker shall not be glazed. The markers shall be produced from any suitable combination of intimately mixed clays, shales, talcs, flints, feldspars, or other inorganic material that will meet the properties herein required. The markers shall be thoroughly and evenly matured and free from defects which affect appearan ce or serviceability. Non-reflective markers shall conform to the following finish and testing requirements:
a.The top surface of the marker shall be in reasonably close conformity with the configuration shown on the plans.
b.All edges shall be rounded and any chan ge in curvature shall be gradual.
c.The top and sides shall be smooth and free of mold marks, pits, indentations, air bubbles, or other objectionable marks or discolorations.
d.The base of all markers shall be flat. Th e deviation from a flat surface shall not exceed 0.05 inch and shall be free from gl oss glaze or substances that may reduce its bond to the adhesive. All tests shall be performed in accordance with Mississippi Test Method: MT-17, which will be on file in the Materials Division. Test Requirement Glaze thickness ..................................................................... 0.005 inch minimum Moh Hardness ....................................................................... 6 minimum Directional reflectance, Type A, white markers only Glazed Surface ...................................................................... 75 minimum Body of Marker ..................................................................... 70 minimum Yellowness Index, Type A, white markers only Glazed Surface ...................................................................... 0.07 maximum Body of Marker ..................................................................... 0.12 maximum Color, Type AY, yellow markers only, FHWA Highway Yellow Color Tolera nce Chart .................. PR Color # 1 Autoclave .............................................................................. Glaze sh all not spall, craze, or peel Compressive Loading ........................................................... 750 pounds, minimum Water Absorption .................................................................. 2.0% maximum
720.03.6 Reflective Pavement Markers . Reflective pavement markers shall be listed on
the Department's APL and shall meet the ap plicable requirements of ASTM D 4280.
720.03.7 Adhesive for Pavement Markers .
720.03.7 1--General Requirements . The adhesive shall be an asphaltic or thermoplastic
material suitable for bonding pavement markers to hydraulic cement concrete pavement, hot bituminous pavement and chip-sealed su rfaces when the road surface and marker temperatures are in the range of 50°F to 160° F. The composition of the adhesive must be such that its properties will not deteriorate when heated to and applied at temperatures up to 425°F using either air or oil-jacketed melters.
720.03.7 2--Specific Requirements . In addition to the specific requirements set forth
herein, the adhesive shall be listed on the Department's APL prior to its use.
720.03.7 3--Packaging and Labeling . The adhesive shall be packaged in self-releasing
cardboard containers that will stack properl y. The label shall show the manufacturer, quantity, and lot or batch number. "Adhesiv e for Pavement Markers" or "Adhesive for Traffic Markers" shall be printed in bold lettering on the label.
720.03.7 4--Sampling . A minimum of 10 pounds of adhesive per lot or batch received
shall be submitted to the State Materials Engineer for compliance testing. This may be submitted in the form of an adhesive testing package from each batch or material obtained from a package shipped to the project.
720.03.7 5--Manu facturer's Certified Test Report . The adhesive will be tentatively
accepted by a manufacturer's certified test report . The certified test report shall show the test results and shall state that the adhesive represented by the test results meets all the requirements of the contract and has the properties and characteristics as herein specified. It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to fu rnish three copies of the manufacturer's test report to the Engineer for each batch of adhesive shipped to the project.
720.03.7 6--Bituminous Adhesive, Standard Type . The asphaltic material and mineral
filler shall comply with the following requirements:
a.Adhesive Properties: Minimum Maximum Test Method Softening Point, °F 200 - ASTM: D 36 Penetration @ 77°F 10 20 ASTM: D 5 Flow, inch - 0.2 MT-73 Heat Stability Flow, inch - 0.2 MT-73 Viscosity, 400°F, Poises - 75 MT-73 Flash Point, C.O.C., °F 550 - ASTM: D 92
b.Asphalt properties determined on the filler-free material derived from the extraction and Abson recovery process as explained in Mississippi Test Method MT-73. Minimum Maximum Test Method Penetration, 100 g, 5 sec, 77°F 25 - ASTM: D 5 Viscosity, 275°F, Poises 12 - ASTM: D 2171 Viscosity Ratio, 275°F - 2.2 MT-73
c.Filler properties determined using the filler separation technique described in Mississippi Test Method MT-73. Minimum Maximum Test Method Filler Content, percent by weight 50 75 MT-73 Filler Fineness, percent passing: Sieve No. 100 100 - MT-73 Sieve No. 200 90 - MT-73 Sieve No. 325 75 - MT-73
720.03.7 7--Flexible Adhesive . The hot applied flexible pavement marker adhesive shall
be a hot melt thermoplastic material capable of bonding the marker without excessive marker movement at hot summer temperatures and remain flexible at winter temperatures. The adhesive shall comply with the following physical requirements when melted in accordance with ASTM D 3407 and poured into suitable test molds: Test Result Test Method Penetration, 77°F 25 max. ASTM D 5 Softening point 200°F min. ASTM D 36 Brookfield viscosity, 400°F 10,000 cp max. ASTM D 3236 Ductility @ 77°F, 5 cm/min 15 cm min. ASTM D 113 Ductility @ 39.2°F, 1 cm/min 5 cm min. ASTM D 113 Asphalt Compatibility Pass ASTM D 5329 Flexibility Pass at 20°F Per Subsection 720.03.7.8
720.03.7 8--Test Procedure for Flexibility . The following procedures shall be followed
for flexibility. Sample Preparation - One-eighth inch thick steel shims are used to enclose an opening that is one-inch wide and four-inches long on a sh eet of release paper or a release treated metal plate. The heated adhesive is poured into th e opening until it is slightly overfilled. After one hour of cooling the excess adhesive is trimmed flush with the shims using a hot knife and then the sample is removed from the shims. Conditioning - The trimmed samples are placed in a freezer maintained at 20 ±2°F for a minimum of four hours. Testing - The conditioned samples are removed from the freezer and immediately bent over a one-inch diameter mandrel thro ugh an arc of 90 degrees in 10 seconds at a uniform rate of nine degrees per second. A passing result is one in which no cracking occurs in the test sample. At least two of the three specimens tested must meet the flexibility requirement at 20°F for a passing result.
720.04 Cold Plastic Pavement Markings .
720.04.1 General . The prefabricated markings described shall consist of white or yellow
pigmented plastic films with reflective glass spheres uniformly distributed throughout their entire cross-sectional area, and be capable of being affixed to bituminous or hydraulic cement concrete pavements by either a pre ssure sensitive precoated adhesive or a liquid contact cement. The markings shall be provided complete in a form that will facilitate rapid application and protect the markings in sh ipment and storage. The manufacturer shall identify proper solvents and/or adhesives to be applied at the time of application, all equipment necessary for proper application, and recommendations for application that will assure an effective performance life. Prefabricated legends and symbols shall confor m to the applicable shapes and sizes as outlined in the current "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices." Cold plastic pavement markings shall be listed on the Department's APL. Prior to use, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer three copies of the manufacturer's certification for each shipment stating that the material furn ished is of the same composition as that originally approved by the Department and that the material has not been changed or altered in any way.
720.04.2 Requirements . Unless otherwise indicated on the plans, the material shall be
60 mil retroreflective pliant polymer film.
720.04.2 1--Composition . The retroreflective pliant polymer pavement marking film shall
consist of a mixture of high quality polymeric materials, pigments, 1.5 index glass beads uniformly distributed throughout its cross sectional area and a reflective layer of beads bonded to the top surface. The film shall be composed of the following materials: Material Minimum Percent by Weight Resins & Plastic izers ......................................................................... 20 Pigments ............................................................................................ 30 Graded Glass Beads .......................................................................... 33 This film shall be capable of being fabricated into pavement markings of specified thickness and dimensions and of being adhered to asphaltic and/or hydraulic cement concrete by means of a pressure sensitive precoated adhesive, or a liquid contact cement applied at the time of installation.
720.04.2 2--Conformability and Resealing . The retroreflective pliant polymer pavement
marking film shall be capable of conforming to pavement contours, breaks, faults, etc. through the action of traffic at normal pavement temperatures. The film shall have resealing characteristics that allows it to be capable of fusing with itself and previously applied marking film of the same composition under normal conditions of use. The film shall show patchability when tested as follows:
a.Cut two 1-inch x 3-inch pieces of the pliant polymer and mark the reflective side of one of the pieces with a pencil to delin eate a 1-inch x 1-inch area at the end of the piece.
b.Wet the surface of the area delineated with a cloth soaked in contact cement or a mixture of MEK and toluene for one minute, keeping the surface wet. At the end of one minute, scrape the beads and binder off the sample and wipe the residual binder from the area. Let the sa mple dry for at least one minute.
c.Remove the liner from th e back of the second piece of film and place the backside on top of the cleaned area on the first pi ece. The sample, while held together, should now form one piece four inches long by one inch wide with the 1-inch x 1-inch overlap patch in the center.
d.Place the patched sample on a hard su rface under 1,000 grams per square inch, the area of the overlap splice, ma intained at 140°F for two hours.
e.Remove the sample from the heat and al low to cool to 70°F, room temperature.
f.Pull the sample in opposite directions to place a shear strain on the patched area. The two pieces shall not separate without tearing.
720.04.2 3--Tensile Strength . The film shall have a minimum tensile strength of 40
pounds per square inch of cross section when tested according to ASTM D 638. A 6-inch x 1-inch x 0.06-inch sample shall be tested at a temperature between 70°F and 80°F using a jaw speed of 12 inches per minute.
720.04.2 4--Elongation . The film shall have a minimum elongation of 75% at break when
tested according to ASTM D 638 using a jaw speed of 12 inches per minute.
720.04.2 5--Plastic Pull Test . A test specimen made the same size as in Subsection
720.04.2 3 shall support a dead weight of four pounds for not less than five minutes at a
temperature between 70°F and 80°F.
720.04.2 6--Pigmentation . The pigments shall be selected and blended to provide a
marking film that is white or yellow conforming to standard highway colors through the expected life of the film.
720.04.2 7--Glass Beads . The glass beads shall be colorless and have a minimum index
of refraction of 1.50 when tested using the liquid oil immersion method. The size and quality of the beads will be such that performan ce requirements for the retroreflective pliant polymer film shall be met. Bead adhesion shall be such that beads ar e not easily removed when film surface is scratched firmly with thumbnail. The film shall have glass bead retention qualities such that when a 2-inch x 6-inch sample is bent over a 1/2-inch diameter mandrel, with the 2-inch dimension perpendicular to the mandrel axis, microscopic examination of the ar ea on the mandrel shall show no more than 10% of the beads with entrapment by the binder of less than 40%.
720.04.2 8--Skid Resistance . The surface of the retroreflec tive pliant polymer film shall
provide a minimum skid resi stance value of 35 BPN when tested according to ASTM E 303.
720.04.2 9--Reflective Intensity . The photometric quantity to be measured shall be
specific luminance and shall be expressed as millicandelas per square foot per foot-candle. The minimum initial reflective values shall be 250 for white and 200 for yellow as measured in accordance with Mississippi Test Method MT-70.
720.04.2 10--Reflectivity Retention . The following tests shall be employed to measure
reflectivity retention:
a.Taber Abraser Simulation Test. Using a taber abraser with an H-18 wheel and a 125-gram load, the sample shall be insp ected at 200 cycles, under a microscope, to observe the extent and type of bead failure. No more than 15% of the beads shall be lost due to pop-out and the predominant mode of failure shall be "wear down" of the beads.
b.Qualitative Tests. Bead bond strengths shall be judged under a microscope with a magnification of at least 5X. The beads shall be difficult to remove, and when removed, beads shall show a portion of the polymeric bead bond retained with the beads rather than clean re moval from the sockets.
720.04.2 11--Thickness . Unless otherwise indicated on the plans, the retroreflective pliant
polymer film, without adhesive, shall be supplied in a standard thickness of 0.06 inch.
720.04.2 12--Effective Performance Life . The film, when applied according to the
recommendations of the manufacturer, shall provide a neat, durable marking that will not flow or distort due to temperature if the pavement surface remains stable. Although reflectivity is reduced by wear, the pliant polymer shall provide a cushioned, resilient substrate that reduces bead crushing and loss. The film shall be weather resistant and, through normal traffic wear, shall show no appreciable fading, lifting or shrinkage throughout the useful life of the marking, and shall show no significant tearing, roll back, or other signs of poor adhesion.
720.04.3 Manufactu rer's Certification . The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer three
copies of the manufacturer's cer tification stating that each lot in a shipment complies with the requirements of the contract.
720.04.4 Acceptance Sampling and Testing . Final acceptance of each lot will be based
on results of tests performed by the Department on verification samples submitted from each lot shipped to the project. The Engineer will select one sample at random from each lot in the shipment for testing. A sample extending full width of the randomly selected sample and five linear feet in length will be obtained and submitted by the Engineer. The sample from each shipment shall be pr ovided at no cost to the State.
720.05 Preformed Pavement Mark ings for Construction Zones .
720.05.1 General . In addition to the specific material requirements set forth herein,
pavement marking materials must have been approved for listing in the Department's APL prior to their use. The preformed markings shall consist of retroreflective materials on a conformable backing. The pigments shall be selected and blended to provide pavement markings that conform to standard highway colors. The size, quality, and refractive index of the gl ass beads shall be such that the performance requirements for the markings will be met. Th e bead adhesion shall be such that beads are not easily removed when the material surface is scratched with a thumbnail. The markings shall be precoated with a pressu re sensitive adhesive capable of adhering to asphalt and hydraulic cement concrete paveme nt in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions without the use of heat, solvents or other additional adhesives. The markings and/or adhesive shall not require any curing time after application. The markings shall be provided in specified widths and shapes. Preformed words and symbols shall conform to the applicable shapes and sizes as outlined in the current "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for St reets and Highways," or as modified. The materials shall be packaged in accorda nce with accepted comm ercial standards and when stored indoors in a cool dry place, shall be suitable for use one year after date of purchase. 720.05.2--Classification of Markings . Retroreflective preformed pavement markings shall be of the types described below and as specified on the plans or in the contract documents.
720.05.2 1--Type 1. The markings shall consist of a mixture of high quality polymeric
materials, pigments and glass beads with a reflective layer of beads bonded to the top surface. A non-metallic medi um coated with a pressure sensitive adhesive shall be incorporated to facilitate removal. The adhesi ve shall be of a type that is completely removed with the pavement marking or colorl ess so as not to leave a color mark on the pavement. Reflectance . The markings shall meet or exceed the initial reflectance values when measured in accordance with the te sting procedures of ASTM D 4592. INITIAL REFLECTANCE VALUES White Yellow Entrance Angle 86° 86° Observation Angles 0.2° 0.5° 0.2° 0.5° SL (mcd/ft2/fc) 1770 1270 1310 820 The photometric quantity to be measured shall be specific luminance (SL) and shall be expressed in millicandelas per square foot per foot-candle. The test distance shall be 50 feet, and the sample size shall be a 2.0 x 2.5-fo ot rectangle. The angul ar aperture of both the photoreceptor and light projector shall be six minutes of arc. The reference center shall be the geometric center of the sample, and the reference axis shall be taken perpendicular to the test sample. The quantity SL (specific luminance) treats the retroreflector as a su rface source rather than a point source whose projected area is visible as an area at the observation position. The quantity SL related to the way the effective retroreflective surface is focused on the retina of the human eye and to the visual effect thereby produced. It is recommended for describing the performance of highway signs and striping, or large vehicular markings that are commonly viewed as discernable surface areas.
720.05.2 2--Type 2 . The pavement markings shall consist of retroreflective materials on
a conformable metallic backing, precoated with a colorless, pressure sensitive adhesive that does not leave a color mark on the pavement or of a type that is substantially removed with the pavement marking. Reflectance . The markings shall meet or exceed the initial reflectance values when measured in accordance with the te sting procedures of ASTM D 4592. INITIAL REFLECTANCE VALUES White Yellow Entrance Angle 86° 86° Observation Angles 0.2° 0.5° 0.2° 0.5° SL (mcd/ft2/fc) 1360 760 820 510 The sample size, test procedure and measurement of test values shall be as prescribed for Type 1 in Subsection 720.05.2.1. 720.05.3--Certificates of Compliance . The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer three copies of certifications from the manufacturer for each lot of pavement markings stating that the material meets the requirements of the contract.
720.06 Preformed Permanent Foil Tape . Preformed foil tape shall be one from the
Department's APL. Prior to use, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer three copies of a certification for each shipment stating that the material is of the same composition as that originally approved by the Department and that the material has not been changed or altered in any way.
720.07 High Performance Cold Plastic Pavement Markings.
720.07.1 General. The preformed high performance pavement markings shall consist of
white or yellow films with ceramic beads incorporated to provide immediate and continuing retroreflection. Preformed high performance cold plastic pavement markings shall be listed on the Department's APL for Preformed High Performance Profile Cold Plastic Pavement Marking Tape. Prior to use, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer three copies of the manufacturer's certification for each shipment stating that the material furnished is of the same composition as that originally approved by the Department and that the material has not been changed or altered in any way. The preformed pavement markings shall be capable of being adhered to the pavement by a pre-coated pressure sensitive adhesive. A primer may be used to precondition the pavement surface. When a primer is specified by the manufacturer, it shall be installed as recommended by the manufacturer at no additional cost to the State. The preformed pavement markings shall conform to pavement contours by the action of traffic. After application, the markings shall be immediatel y ready for traffic. A representative of the manufacturer shall be present to identify proper solvents and/or prim ers, where necessary, to be applied at the time of application, to identify all equipment necessary for proper application, and to make recommendations for application that will assure effective product performance.
720.07.2 Classification. The preformed pavement markings shall be highly durable
retroreflective pliant polymer materials designed for longitudinal markings subjected to high traffic volumes.
720.07.3 Requirements.
720.07.3 1--Composition . The retroreflective pliant polymer pavement marking film shall
consist of a mixture of high quality polymeric materials, pigments and glass beads distributed throughout its base cross-sectional area, with a reflective layer of ceramic beads bonded to a durable polyurethane top surface. The surface shall have approximately 50 ±15% of the surface area raised and presenting a near vertical face angle of 0° to 60° to traffic from any direction. The channels betw een the raised areas sha ll be substantially free of exposed beads or particles.
720.07.3 2--Retroreflectance. The white and yellow markings shall have the following
initial minimum retroreflectance values as measured in accordan ce with the testing procedures of ASTM D 4061. The photometric quantity to be measured shall be coefficient of retroreflected luminance (R L), and shall be expressed as millicandelas per square foot per foot-candle (mcd/ft2/fc). INITIAL MINIMUM RETR OREFLECTANCE VALUES White Yellow Entrance Angle 86.0° 86.5°* 86.0° 86.5°* Observation Angle 0.2° 1.0° 0.2° 1.0° Retroreflected Luminance, R L (mcd/ft2/fc) 1100 700 800 500 * These retroreflectance values are based on dark room photometric readings per ASTM D 4061. The Ecolux™ Retroreflect ometer measurement geometry is an 86.5° entrance angle and a 1.0° observation angle.
720.07.3 3--Glass Beads. The size and quality of the beads shall be such that the
performance requirements for the retroreflective pliant polymer shall be met.
720.07.3 3.1--Index of Refraction. All ceramic beads bonded to the polyurethane coated
patterned surface of the material shall have a minimum index of refraction of 1.70 when tested using the liquid oil immersion method. The glass beads mixed into the pliant polymer shall have a minimum index of refraction of 1.5 when tested by the liquid oil immersion method. TESTING PROCEDURE FOR REFRACTIVE INDEX OF BEADS BY LIQUID IMMERSION EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:
a.Microscope, minimum 100X magnification b. Light Source - preferably sodium light or other monochromatic source, but not absolutely essential
c.Refractive Index Liquids* d. Microscope Slide and Slide Cover e. Mortar and Pestle * Available from R.P. Cargille Laboratories, Inc., Cedar Grove, NJ PROCEDURE:
a.Using the mortar and pestle, crush a few representative beads and place a few of these crushed particles on a microscope slide.
b.Place a drop of a refractive index liquid, with an index as close to that of the glass as can be estimated, on the crushed bead particles.
c.Cover the slide with a microscope slide cover and view the crushed particles by transmitted light normal to the slide surface by illumination from the bottom.
d.Adjust the microscope mirror to allow a minimum light intensity for viewing. This is important when sodium light is not used.
e.Bring a relatively flat and tr ansparent particle into focus.
f.By slightly raising and lowering the microscope tube, look for one or both of the following:
1.Becke Line - This light line will appear to move either into the particle or away from it. In general, when the microscope tube is raised, the line will move toward the material of higher re fractive index. When the microscope tube is lowered, the line will move to ward the material of lower index.
2.Variation in Particle Brightness - Wh en raising the microscope tube from sharp focus, the particle will appear to get brighter or darker than the surrounding field. If it becomes brighter, the glass has a higher refractive index than the liquid. If it becomes darker, the glass has a lower refractive index than the liquid. In both cases, the opposite will be true when the microscope tube is lowered.
g.This test can be used to confirm that the beads are above or below a specified index. It can also be used to give an accurate determination of the index, ±0.001. This is done by using several refractive index liquids until a match or near match of indices occurs. The index of the glass will equal that of the liquid when no Becke line and no variation in bead brightness can be observed.
720.07.3 3.2--Acid Resistance. The beads shall show resistance to corrosion of their
surface after exposure to a 1% solution by weig ht of sulfuric acid. The 1% acid solution shall be made by adding 5.7 mL of concentrated acid into 1000 mL of distilled water. CAUTION: Always add the concentrated acid into the water, not the reverse. The test shall be performed as follows: Take a 1" x 2" sample, adhere it to the bo ttom of a glass tray an d place just enough acid solution to completely immerse the sample. C over the tray with a piece of glass to prevent evaporation and allow the sample to be exposed for 24 hours under these conditions. Then decant the acid solution, but do not rinse, touch, or othe rwise disturb the bead surfaces, and dry the sample while adhered to the glass tray in a 150°F oven for approximately 15 minutes. Microscopic examination at 20X shall show no more than 15% of the beads having a formation of a very distinct opaque white , corroded, layer on their entire surface.
720.07.3 4--Color. The preformed pavement markings shall consist of white and yellow
films with pigments selected and blended to conform to standard highway colors.
720.07.3 5--Skid Resistance . The patterned surface of the retroreflective pliant polymer
shall provide an initial average skid resistance value of 45 BPN when tested according to ASTM E 303, except values will be taken at downweb and at a 45 degree angle from downweb. These two values will then be averaged to find the skid resistance of the patterned surface.
720.07.3 6--Patchability . The pavement marking material shall be capable of use for
patching worn areas of the same type in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
720.07.3 7--Thickness. The patterned material, without adhesive, shall have a minimum
caliper of 0.065 inch at the thickest portio n of the patterned cross-section and a minimum caliper of 0.020 inch at the thinnest portion of the cross-section.
720.07.4 Effective Performance Life. The film, when applied according to the
recommendations of the manufacturer, shall provide a neat, durable marking that will not flow or distort due to temperature if the pa vement surface remains st able. The film shall be weather resistant and, through normal traffic wear, shall show no appreciable fading, lifting or shrinkage throughout the useful life of the marking, and shall show no significant tearing, roll back, or other signs of poor adhesion.
720.07.5 Manufactu rer’s Certification . The Contractor shall fu rnish the Engineer three
copies of the manufacturer's cer tification stating that each lot in a shipment complies with the requirements of the contract.
720.07.6 Acceptance Sampling and Testing . Final acceptance of each lot will be based
on results of tests performed by the Department on verification samples submitted from each lot shipped to the project. The Engineer will select one sample at random from each lot in the shipment for testing. A sample extending full width of the randomly selected sample and five linear feet in length will be obtained and submitted by the Engineer. The sample from each shipment shall be pr ovided at no cost to the State.
720.07.7 Warranty . All manufacturer’s standard warranties and guarantees on high
performance cold plastic pavement marking material, which are provided as customary trade practice, shall be delivered to the Engineer at the final inspection. All warranties and guarantees shall be made out to the Department. SECTION 721 - MATERIALS FOR SIGNING
721.01 General . All materials included in this s ection will be conditionally accepted on
the basis of the manufacturer's certification of compliance, as sp ecified in Subsection 106.04, except those materials normally tested by the Department; i.e. concrete, reinforcing steel, timber posts, etc. The State Materials Engineer shall be furnished the original and three copies of the manufacturer's certification. The Department reserves the right to test or have tested by a commercial laboratory an y material that has been conditionally accepted by certification.
721.02 Ferrous Materials .
721.02.1 General . All welds shall be mechanically cleaned before galvanizing. All
ferrous metal except reinforcing steel, and sheet steel unless otherwise specified, shall be zinc-coated, galvanized, by the hot dip method in accordance with AASHTO M 111 after all fabrication has been completed.
721.02.2 Structural Steel for Sign Supports . Structural steel used in sign support
structures shall be of standard shape. St ructural steel pipe per ASTM A 53 shall be manufactured by the open-hearth or basic oxygen process.
721.02.2 1--Ground Mounted Sign Supports . Posts shall be provided with "break-away"
mountings as shown on the plans using the following materials:
a.Structural steel beams for posts per AASHTO M 160.
b.Steel plates for steel beam posts per AASHTO M 160.
c.Standard round posts shall be welded and seamless steel pipe for posts per ASTM A 53, Type E or S, Grade B, or steel structural tubing per ASTM A 501.
d.U-Section and Square Tube posts for supplementary directional signs per Subsection 721.02.3 "Steel Posts for Small and Medium Supplementary Directional Signs" modified as shown on the plans.
e.Structural steel shapes, bars, and plat es used for bracing, framing and other accessories, including base plates for steel posts, per ASTM A 36.
f.High strength bolts, nuts, and washers fo r post bases and for fuse plates per Subsections 717.01.7 and 810.02.21 modified as shown on the plans.
Source: Mississippi Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2017 Edition. Pages 855–868 of 1,113.