7-134 SECTIO N 754 – PAVEMEN T MARKIN G MATERIALS 754.0 1 OPTICS . Optics shall be beads or elements incorporated into pavement markings to produce reflectorized pavement markings. Optics shall be one of the products listed on the Agency’s Approved Product s List for the respective material specification and shall meet t he following requirements :
a.Optics, Type I . Type I optics shall be standard optics consisting of glass beads free from carbon residue. Type I o ptics shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 247, Type 1, except as modified below.
1.Roundness . Roundness shall be a minimum of 80% true spheres, as determined in accordance with ASTM D1155 .
2.Moisture Resistance . Optics shall be moisture resistant in accordance with AASHTO M 247.
3.Chemical Resistance . Optics shall be resistant to hyd rochloric acid, water, calcium chloride, and sodium sulfide in accordance with Federal Specification TT -B-1325 , Section 4.3.
b.Optics, Type II . Type II o ptics shall be modified optics consisting of virgin glass beads or a mixture of virgin glass beads an d direct melt glass beads, with a maximum of 50% direct melt glass beads. All glass beads shall be free from carbon residue. Type II optics shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 247 , Type 2, Type 3, Type 4, or Type 5, except as modified below.
1.Roundness . Roundness shall be a minimum of 80% true spheres, as determined in accordance with ASTM D1155 .
2.Refractive Index .
a.The r efractive index shall be 1.5 to 1.7, inclusive, as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 346 ; or
b.The r efractive ind ex shall be above 1.7 with all beads above the No. 18 (1.00 mm) sieve having an average hardness of C70.5 as determined in accordance with the Rockwell C scale method, with a minimum sampling of 100 glass beads.
3.Moisture Resistance . Optics shall be moisture resistant in accordance with AASHTO M 247.
4.Chemical Resistance . Optics shall be resistant to hydrochloric acid, water, calcium chloride, and sodium sulfide in accordance with Federal Specification TT -B-1325 , Section 4.3. 7-135 (c) Optics, Type III . Type III optics shall be wet reflective optics consisting of a composite material. Pavement markings containing Type III optics shall demonstrate retroreflective properties in accordance with Section 646 , for the respective pavement mark ing material type. 754.0 2 PAVEMENT MARKING TAPE . Pavement marking tape is a white or yellow preformed retroreflective tape. Pavement marking tape shall be evaluated in accordance with the applicable AASHTO Product Evaluation & Audit Solutions pavement marking materials work plan, with a minimum of one year of data for permanent tape and a full data set for temporary tape, shall be listed on the Agency’s Approved Product s List for the respective material specification, and meet the following requirements :
a.Pavement Marking Tape, Type A . Type A pavement marking tape shall be a high performance and extended service life pavement marking tape in accordance with ASTM D4505 . The tape shall have continuous wetting properties and meet the following requirements :
1.Skid Resistance . Skid resistance sha ll be Skid Resistance Level A in accordance with ASTM D4505 .
2.Adhesive . Adhesive shall be Class I, Class II, or Class III in accordance with ASTM D4505 .
3.Durability . Initial durability shall be 10 and three -year durability shall be a minimum of 7 as determined in accordance with ASTM D913 .
4.Retroreflectivity .
a.Dry. Initial dry retroreflectivity shall be Reflectivity Level I in accordance with ASTM D4505 . Three -year retroreflectivity shall be a minimum of 150 mcd/m2/lx for white and 100 mcd/m2/lx for yellow as determined in accordance with ASTM E1710 .
b.Wet. Initia l wet retroreflectivity shall be a minimum of 250 mcd/m2/lx for white and 200 mcd/m2/lx for yellow. Three -year wetness retroreflectivity shall be a minimum of 150 mcd/m2/lx for white and 75 mcd/m2/lx for yellow as determined in accordance with ASTM E2177 .
c.Wet Continuous . Wet continuous retroreflectivity shall be a minimum of 150 mcd/m2/lx for white and 100 mcd/m2/lx for yellow in accordance with ASTM E2832 . 7-136 (b) Pavement Marking Tape, Type B . Type B pavement marking tape shall be a standard perf ormance pavement marking tape in accordance with ASTM D4505 .
1.Skid Resistance . Skid resistance shall be Skid Resistance Level A in accordance with ASTM D4505 .
2.Adhesive . Adhesive shall be Class I, Class II, or Class III in accordance with ASTM D4505 .
3.Durability . Initial durability shall be 10 and three -year durability shall be a minimum of 7 as determined in accordance with ASTM D913 .
4.Retroreflectivity . Initial dry retroreflectivity shall be Level II in accordance with ASTM D4505 .
c.Pavement Marking Tape, Type C . Type C pavement marking tape shall be a temporary pavement marking tape in accordance with ASTM D4592 and the following requirements :
1.Retroreflectivity . Initial wet retroreflectivity shall be a minimum of 250 mcd/m2/lx for white and 200 mcd/m2/lx for yellow.
754.03 This Subsection Reserved .
754.04 This Subsection Reserved .
754.05 This Subsection Reserved .
754.06 COLORED SURFACE TREATMENT . Colored surface treatment shall be a skid resistant and
pigmented system consisting of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) resin binder, catalyst, and aggregate. The treatment shall be one of the products listed on the Agency’s Approved Products List and shall meet the following requirements :
a.General Requirements .
1.Retroreflectivity . The treatment shall be non -retroreflective.
2.Color . The treatment shall be green in accordance with the FHWA Interim Approval for Optional Use of Green Colored Pavement for Bike Lanes (IA -14) and FHWA Interpretation Letter 9(09) -86(I) – Chromaticity Requirements for Green -Colored Pavement .
3.Skid Resistance . The treatment shall have a minimum skid resistance of 60 BPN, as determined in accordance with ASTM E303 . 7-137 (b) MMA Resin Binder . Binder shall meet the requirements of Table 754.06A . TABLE 754.06A – MMA RESIN BIN DER PROPERTIES Property Test Method Test Requirement Ultimate tensile strength ASTM D638 , Type IV 400 psi min. Tensile elongation at break ASTM D638 , Type IV 20% min. Durometer hardness – Shore Type D ASTM D2240 50 min. Tensile bond strength ASTM C1583 or ASTM D4541 250 psi min.
c.Aggregate . Aggregate shall be clean, dry , and have a minimum hardness of 7.0 Mohs as determined in accordance with the Mohs hardness s cale. Aggregate shall be from the same manufacturer and as recommended as the MMA resin binder manufacturer. 7-138 SECTIO N 755 – LANDSCAPIN G AND EPSC MATERIALS 755.0 1 LANDSCAP E BACKFILL . Landscape backfill shall consist of approximately 50% topsoil in accordance with Subsection 755.02 , 25% compost in accordance with Subsection 755.05 , and 25% native soil, all measured by volume. Landscape backfill shall be uniformly mixed prior to placemen t. Native soil conforming to Subsection 755.02 may be substituted for topsoil.
755.02 TOPSOIL . Topsoil shall be a screened, workable soil free of refuse, roots, stones (larger than 1
inch), brush, noxious weeds, and other debris detrimental to plant growth.
a.Natural Topsoil . Natural topsoil shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D5268.
b.Manufactured Topsoil . Manufactured topsoil shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D5268 , except as modified below:
1.pH. The pH shall be 5.5 to 8.5.
2.Organic Matter . Organic matter content (including, but not limited to, short paper fiber and biosolids) shall be in accordance with ASTM D5268 . Short paper fiber and biosolids shall meet the following requirements:
a.Short Paper Fiber . Short paper fiber shall be in accordance with the Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Comprehensive Short Paper Fiber Management Procedure .
b.Biosolids . Biosolids shall be Exceptional Quality biosolids in accordance with the Vermont Agency o f Natural Resources Solid Waste Management Rules, Subchapter 13 .
3.Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) . The composite manufactured topsoil shall have maximum PFAS screening values as specified in Table 755.02A when tested in accordance with EPA Method 1633 . TABLE 755.02A – PFAS SOIL -TO-GROUNDWATER SCREENING VALUES PFAS Analyte Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Number Soil to Groundwater Screening Value (µg/kg) Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) 375-85-9 0.84 Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) 355-46-4 0.38 Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) 375-95-1 0.44 Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) 1763 -23-1 3.40 Perfluorooctanic acid (PFOA) 335-67-1 1.60
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Source: Vermont Standard Specifications for Construction, 2024 Edition. Pages 1286–1289 of 1,380. View official source ↗