8-2 Section 801
801-1 Description
When required by the contract, provide all construction layout, surveying, stakeout, supplemental surveying and engineering necessary for the proper control of construction operations in accordance with this section and the Manual for Construction Layout . Provide a stakeout of areas where an environmental permit is required before performing any construction in or adjacent to these areas. Stake out limits of the permitted work areas according to the approved permit drawings. Provide clear delineation by use of highly visible flagging. Ensure construction limits do not exceed approved permitted work areas. Immediately notify the Engineer of any variations of t he stakeout limits when compared to the approved permit drawings. The Manual for Construction Layout and the Guidelines for Drainage Studies and Hydraulic Design is available on the Department’s website.
801-2 Construction Methods
A.General Furnish personnel who are under the direct supervision of the Contractor’s project engineer or a land surveyor licensed by the State of North Carolina in conformance with NC GS § 89C. Furnish personnel who are experienced in highway construction surveying and are capable of accurately establishing all line and grade points necessary to complete the work in accordance with the plan dimensions within the precision established in the Manual for Construction Layout . Consult the Engineer for clarifications of the plans. Perform work in safe manner and conform to Article 107- 21. Perform all flagging operations in accordance with Section 1150. The Contractor may elect to us e global positioning system (GPS) surveying, either static or kinematic. Perform GPS surveys with same or higher order of accuracy as conventional surveys detailed in the Manual for Construction Layout . Department projects u se a localized coordinate system developed by the Location and Surveys Unit specifically for each individual project. Obtain the control information that the Location and Surveys Unit used in establishing the localized coordinate system, specifically the rotation , scaling , translation and coordinates for the azimuth pairs. Newly developed GPS procedures and techniques that do not conform to this section may be used, if approved. Investigate the plan horizontal alignment, vertical profile and super elevati on of existing facilities that tie to proposed roadways. Investigate 100 f eet beyond all paving limits and revise grades as needed to establish smooth transitions to the existing facilities. Tie existing driveways to proposed facilities within the limits detailed in the plans and within the gradients detailed in the Roadway Standard Drawings . The Engineer reserves the right to check, correct where necessary or require any layout work to be revised. The Engineer will perform checks to ensure the roadway, s tructure and incidental items are surveyed in accordance with the plans and the Manual for Construction Layout . The Department’s review of the Contractor’s work in no way relieves the Contractor of responsibility for conformance with the contract. Failure by the Engineer or inspector to point out unsatisfactory work, from lack of discovery or for any other reason, in no way prevents later rejection or corrections to the unsatisfactory work, when discovered. No claims will be allowed for losses suffered du e to any necessary removals or repairs resulting from the unsatisfactory work.
8-3 When requested by the Engineer, check the accuracy of the stakeout. Correct all
inaccuracies in the construction stakeout before performing the affected work. When the Contractor proposes an alteration to the plans to rectify a construction stakeout error, submit alterations to the Engineer for review and approval. Include design calculations and drawings sealed by an e ngineer licensed by the State of North Carolina along with a narrative describing justification for the alteration. When surveying is required, which in the Contractor’s opinion could not have been reasonably anticipated and is not customary or inherent to the construction industry, notify the Engineer in writing before beginning such surveying. After investigation, the following will occur:
1.When the Engineer determines that the surveying could not have been anticipated or is not customary or inherent to the construction industry, the Contractor will be notified in writing that the work is considered supplemental and me asurement and payment will be made in accordance with Article 801 -3.
2.When the Engineer determines that the surveying could have been anticipated or is customary or inherent to the construction industry, he will notify the Contractor, in writing, of his determination. If the Contractor intends to file a claim for additional compensation by reason of such surveying, notify the Engineer in writing of such intent before beginning any of the alleged supplemental surveying. Strictly adhere to Subarticle 104-8(B).
B.Records Submit proposed method for setting up survey books or electronic data files to the Engineer before beginning work to assure clarity and adequacy. Promptly make available to the Engineer all requested survey records. Provide updates to the Engine er monthly of the electronic and/or manuscript survey records. Submit remaining records upon completion of the work. Attest the work was performed in accordance with the contract by providing all receivable information signed by an engineer or l and surve yor licensed by the State of North Carolina and in responsible charge.
C.Horizontal and Vertical Control The Department will provide azimuth pairs to be used as primary horizontal and vertical control at approximately 1 mile intervals along the project corridor, and s econdary horizontal baseline control on approximate 1,000 f oot intervals and secondary vertical control on approximate 2,500 f oot intervals within the project limits. Obtain a copy of the electronic survey control files from the Engineer. Clearin g limits may be established during original traverse of baseline control provided the accuracy ratio does not exceed 1 f oot per 5 ,000 f eet of perimeter and all Department established baseline control is protected and preserved during clearing operations. Before performing any additional construction layout, verify the horizontal baseline control by a closed traverse survey or alternate app roved method based on the established azimuth pairs . The horizontal accuracy ratio shall not exceed an error of closure of 1 f oot per 20,000 feet of perimeter. Verify the vertical control by performing a closed loop survey using differential leveling. F or the vertical error of closure, do not exceed 0.05 f eet times the square root of the miles : Error of Closure ≤( )milesxft05 . 0 . 45 Notify the Engineer of any discrepancies in either the horizontal or vertical control. Reference, outside of the propos ed construction limits and evenly distributed throughout
8-4 the project limits, a minimum of 50% of the Department’s horizontal and vertical control.
Provide reference information to the Engineer. If GPS is used , occupy the azimuth pairs with the base statio n during verification of baseline control, otherwise, occupy baseline. Verify remaining baseline control us ing a Rover. Submit coordinate data showing differences between supplied baseline coordinates and field obtained GPS coordinates. Include report detailing the use of preliminary input data, specifically rotation , scaling and translation . Using the horizontal and vertical control established by the Department, provide surveying necessary to construct all roadway, structure and miscellaneous items as detailed in the plans. Perform staking in accordance with the Manual for Construction Layout . Layout the work and provide all measurements that may be required for the execution of the construction in conformity with the contract.
D.Right of Way , Control of Access and Easements The Department will establish the location of all proposed right -of-way markers , control - of-access markers and permanent easements. Validate the position of the markers and permanent easement locations with tho se detailed in the plans. Report any discrepancies to the Engineer. Reference the location of all proposed markers and permanent easements. Restore right - of-way and control -of-access monument positions after completion of construction. Set a right -of-way or control -of-access monument cap on an 18 inch (minimum) long #5 reinforcing bar and a carsonite witness stake unless concrete right -of-way and control - of-access markers are specified in the contract. The Department will provide the monument cap and wit ness stake. Re -establish location of permanent easements after completion of construction and install a permanent easement cap on 18 inch (minimum) long #5 reinforcing bar for monumentation. Re-establishment and verification of existing monuments or the replacement of existing monuments with other material (concrete R/W markers, new iron pins, etc.) , shall be performed under the responsible charge of a North Carolina Professional Land Surveyor (PLS) . Verify all right of way, permanent easement, and control -of-access monument positions after completion of construction with signed and sealed attestation by PLS of said verification in accordance with the Manual for Construction Layout .
E.Cross sections for Earthwork Quantities The Engineer may elect to obtain cross sections either by hand or aerial methods. If the Engineer elects to obtain cross sections by aerial methods, furnish materials and install photogrammetric control panels in accordance with the Manual for Construction Layout or as otherwise directed by the Engineer .
1.Borrow Pits Establish a baseline alignment or establish horizontal and vertica l control on approximate 1,000 f oot intervals within each borrow pit, as necessary, to allow the Engineer to obtain measurement of quantities for payment. Stake these alignments just before field cross sections are taken by the Engineer for original, intermediate and final cross sections.
2.Roadway Unless otherwise directed, stakeout the survey lines for original and final cross sections. The stakeout of the survey lines will consist of surveying and staking all alignments within the plans on 50 foot intervals, including all cardinal points. When the alignments are inaccessible, install offset alignments. Begin the staking of these alignments within 48 hours of the Engineer’s notice to proceed. Upon the completion of the entire project, with the ex ception of the survey line for final cross sections, and
8-5 upon request by the Contractor, the project may be accepted for maintenance by the
Department, excluding the survey line.
F.Drainage and Utility Construction Systems
1.General Where underground conflicts are suspected, contact utility owners and locate all utilities horizontally and vertically. Consider the utilities’ locations and elevations in the layout of the drainage systems and utility construction systems. Utilities may exist that are not depicted in the plan s. Submit an electronic copy of all layout drawings for drainage systems and utility construction systems to the Engineer for his review and approval. The Engineer will note the review and approval by adding an appropriate note to the drawi ngs along with the date and his signature. The Engineer will retain a copy of the drawings and a copy will be returned to the Contractor.
2.Drainage Systems Provide construction layout of drainage systems, as depicted in the plans and in accordance with the Guidelines for Drainage Studies and Hydraulic Design. Consider the locations and elevations of all existing and proposed utilities, proposed utility construction and existing and proposed drainage systems, in the layout of the drainage system. Modificat ions of the drainage plan may be necessary to properly collect and transport water. Advise the Engineer if modifications are needed to achieve the original design functionality and the intent of the drainage plans, such as adjusting the location of a drai nage structure, adding a drainage structure and increasing or decreasing pipe lengths. The Engineer will review any major modifications. Provide layout drawing of the drainage system including calculations of flow line elevations for all drainage structure s; pipe invert elevations, both inlet and outlet of the drainage structure; grade of each pipe within the drainage system; elevation of any existing facility connection, such as stream or pipe; headwall location, if depicted in the plans; and locations and elevations of any existing or proposed utilities to the Engineer for review and approval a t least 7 days before beginning work on the drainage system. Modification of the submitted drainage layout drawing by the Engineer will not eliminate the Contractor ’s liability for the accuracy of the information submitted. Any restaking or additional staking required to conform to the approved drainage layout drawing is incidental to the work.
3.Utility Construction Provide utility construction layout as detailed in the contract. Consider the locations and elevations of all existing and proposed utilities, proposed utility construction and existing and proposed drainage systems in the layout of the utility construction. Advise the Engineer if modifications to the ut ility construction plans are necessary. The Engineer will review any major modifications. Provide layout drawing of the utility construction system including elevations of any existing utilities, drainage systems and/or proposed drainage systems to the Engineer for review and approval at least 7 days before beginning work on the utility construction system. Modification of the submitted utility construction layout drawing by the Engineer will not eliminate the Contractor’s liability for the accuracy of the information submitted. Any restaking or additional staking required to conform to the approved utility layout drawing is incidental to the work.
G.Structures Provide surveying and calculations necessary to construct structures in accordance with the plans. Provide staking in accordance with the Manual for Construction Layout . Establish
8-6 horizontal alignment of entire structure. Set at least one benchmark adjacent to the
structure site that will be retained throughout the structure construction. The Engineer will furnish the finished construction elevations for use in determining the required construction elevations for bridges. Provide method f or computing buildups over beams, screed grades and overhang form elevations to the Engineer for review before staking these items to assure clarity and adequacy. Submit an electronic copy of structure layout drawings to the Engineer for his review and approval. The Engineer will independently verify and accept the structure layout before the structure construction may begin. The Engineer will note the review and approval by adding an appropriate note to the drawings along with the date and his signature. The Engineer will retain a copy of the drawings and a copy will be returned to the Contractor. If structure phasing or damaged stakes require significant resurveying during the life of the structure, provide revised layout drawing for the Engineer ’s veri fication and acceptance.
H.Signs Stake horizontal location s of all overhead and Type A and B ground- mounted signs for Engineer’s verification before obtaining S-dimensions. Measure or calculate overhead and ground- mounted sign S -dimensions in accordance wit h the plans and the Manual for Construction Layout . Perform investigation of proposed sign locations and notify the Engineer of any obstructions, either existing or proposed, that may interfere with the proposed sign installation. Provide an 11 inch x 17 inch drawing depicting the theoretical finished section at each proposed overhead sign assembly location. Include within the submittal the roadway, shoulder and slope gradients. I nclude the proposed finish elevations of the edges of pavement, each lane line and the ground at each proposed sign footing location. Set a slope stake at each proposed overhead sign location to ensure the slopes are constructed as calculated and detailed in the above submittal. Submit sign information to the Engineer. Stake horizontal locations of all ground mounted and barrier mounted signs.
801-3 Measurement and Payment
Construction Surveying will be paid at the contract lump sum price for the work detailed in this section. Partial payments will be made on each particular payment estimate based upon the percentage complete of Construction Surveying as determined by the Engineer. The Contractor shall submi t a certified statement each month indicating the percentage of Construction Surveying work completed. The Engineer will determine if the amount indicated is reasonably correct and the Engineer will pay accordingly on the next partial pay estimate. Establ ishment of baseline alignments within each borrow pit is incidental to Construction Surveying. Supplemental Field Surveying will be measured and paid as the actual number of hours the Contractor’s survey crew is actively engaged in performing the following:
A.Investigative surveying, in excess of 100 f eet of horizontal alignment, vertical profile and superelevation of existing facilities that tie to proposed roadways.
B.Surveying specifically for the relocation of utility conflicts.
C.Investigation of a previous stakeout when such stakeout is found to be correct.
D.Surveying that the Engineer has deemed could not have been anticipated or is not customary or inherent to the construction industry.
E.The stakeout of the roadway survey alignments for intermediate cross se ctions when deemed necessary by the Engineer.
Source: North Carolina Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures, 2024 Edition. Pages 342–346 of 857.