824; STRUCTURAL STEEL CONSTRUCTION , of these Specifications

Τ−37All connections using high strength bolts shall conform to the applicable requirements of

Prior to assembly, the top and bottom surfaces of the base plate shall be planed, or else the plate shall be hot straightened. The post shall be faced at the bottom end. The top leveling nuts and the grout leveling template shall be removed prior to placing the base plate and post assembly upon the foundation. The Overhead Truss Sign Support shall not be painted except that any damaged galvanized areas shall be given two coats of zinc paint conforming to the requirements of the Federal Specification TT-P-641-b (2). T.17.03.3 Sign Panel. Signs shall be fabricated of extruded aluminum sign panels in accordance with the requirements of Subsection T.16.03.3 of these Specifications. T.17.03.4 Shop Drawings. The requirements of Subsection T.16.03.5 shall apply. T.17.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. T.17.04.1 Overhead Sign Panels. "Overhead Sign Panels" will be measured by the number of square feet of panels actually furnished and installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. T.17.04.2 Overhead Sign Structures. "Overhead Sign Structures" will be measured by the number of such units actually furnished and installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. T.17.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. T.17.05.1 Overhead Sign Panels. The accepted quantity of "Overhead Sign Panels" will be paid for at the contract unit price per square foot, as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated shall constitute full and complete compensation for all labor, tools, materials and equipment, including reflective sheeting, legend, borders, arrows, exit sign panels, shields, har dware, and all incidentals required to finish the work, complete in place and accepted by the Engineer. T.17.05.2 Overhead Sign Structures. The accepted quantity of "Overhead Sign Structures" will be paid for at the contract unit price each as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated shall constitute full and complete compensation for all labor, tools, materials and equipment, including foundations, hardware, and all incidentals required to finish the work, complete in place and accepted by the Engineer. Allowance for rock excavation shall be made for a distance of one foot outside the foundation and 6 inches below the bottom of the foundation, as constructed, and will be measured and paid for as "Trench Excavation - Rock" under the applicable requirements of SECTION 205; TRENCH EXCAVATION , of these Specifications.

Τ−38 SECTION T.18

DELINEATORS AND HAZARD MARKERS T.18.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of furnishing and erecting delineators and hazard markers of the type and design as indicated on the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications. This work also includes the provision of flexible delineator posts. T.18.02 MATERIALS. Single or multi-reflector delineators, reflectorized sheeting, and posts shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.16; SIGNS AND SIGN SUPPORTS , of these Specifications. T.18.02.1 Flexible Delineator Posts. The delineators shall be manufactured from a flexible material which meets the following requirements:

in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions , the top of the post shall be 48 inches above the final surface.

OF and 140OF and shall be durable, resistant to impact, ultraviolet light, ozone hydrocarbons and other atmospheric weathering. Posts shall be white or yellow in accordance with details indicated on the Plans.

system is used, the post portion shall be readily replaceable without removing or partially removing, the anchor and without displacing the soil around the anchor.

capable of accepting 3-inch wide reflective sheeting. T.18.02.2 Sheeting. Reflective sheeting shall be Type III meeting the requirements of Subsection M.16.02; Reflective Sheeting , and shall be applied to one or both sides of the post as specified on the Plans. The reflective sheeting shall be 3 inches wide and 3, 6, or 9 inches high. The color of the sheeting shall be white, yellow or red, as specified on the Plans. T.18.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. T.18.03.1 Delineators. The spacing, placement, type, and color of the delineators shall conform to the latest edition of the "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices." Delineators shall be installed on delineator posts of the size and type indicated on the Plans. T.18.03.2 Flexible Delineator Posts. One-piece flexible delineator post shall be installed in a pilot hole 1/4" x 4" x 18" deep, seated and tamped to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The pilot hole shall be formed by a hand held pilot hole driver as recommended by the manufacturer. At no time shall a delineator be driven into the ground.

Τ−39A two-piece system utilizes an anchor which is driven into the ground using a hand or mechanical driver. The post is subsequently attached to the anchor in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. T.18.03.3 Hazard Markers. Hazard markers shall consist of groups of reflector units placed as shown or directed. The markers shall be mounted at a height of 4 feet above the pavement, except when applied directly to a hazardous object which by its nature requires higher or lower mounting. T.18.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. "Delineators", "Flexible Delineator Posts", and "Hazard Markers" will be measured by the number of units of the type or types actually furnished and installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. T.18.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The accepted quantities of "Delineators," "Flexible Delineator Posts," and "Hazard Markers" will be paid for at their respective contract unit prices per each such type, as listed in the Proposal. The prices so-stated constitute full and complete compensation for all labor, tools, materials and equipment, including the reflector units, assembly bolts and theft-resisting nuts, posts, and all incidentals required to finish the work, complete in place and accepted by the Engineer. Where required, one-tenth mile station notation shall be included in the price of "Delineators" and/or "Flexible Delineator Posts.”

SECTION T.19

MILEPOST MARKERS T.19.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of milepost markers furnished and installed at locations as indicated on the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications. T.19.02 MATERIALS. Aluminum sheets, reflective sheeting, sign posts and bolts shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.16; SIGN AND SIGN SUPPORTS , of these Specifications. T.19.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. The post shall be driven into the ground to a depth of 2 feet, utilizing a driving cap to protect the post. The milepost markers are to be attached to the post such that the bottom of the marker is 4 feet above grade.

T.19.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. "Milepost Markers" will be measured by the number of units actually installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer.

Τ−40 T.19.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The accepted quantity of "Milepost Markers" will be paid for at the contract unit price per each as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated shall constitute full and complete compensation for all labor, tools, materials and equipment, including reflective sheeting, legend, posts, and hardware, and all incidentals required to finish the work, complete in place and accepted by the Engineer. SECTION T.20

PAVEMENT MARKINGS T.20.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of furnishing and applying and/or removing the following items of pavement marking, at the width, and locations indicated on the Plans, all in accordance with these Specifications.

T.20.02 MATERIALS. Composition, binder, pigments, t hermoplastic compound pavement marking material, reflective glass spheres, and epoxy resin marking material shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.17; PAVEMENT MARKINGS , of these Specifications. T.20.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. T.20.03.1 Cleaning Pavement. All dirty pavements shall be swept or air blasted clean. The piles of dirt obtained by sweeping shall be picked up and disposed of by the Contractor. Oil, grease, and similar adherent matter shall be removed by washing with a suitable solvent. Excess solvent shall be wiped from the pavement and allowed to evaporate before applying pavement marking material. The Contractor shall be responsible for all pavement cleaning which may be required. Markings shall not be applied to any surface which has not been inspected and approved by the Engineer. T.20.03.2 Defective Work. Unsatisfactory markings, resulting from the presence of dirt, oil, grease, scale, moisture, or other foreign substances, and all other traffic markings rejected by the Engineer shall be obliterated by a method approved by the Engineer and replaced by the Contractor at its own expense.

Τ−41 T.20.03.3 Waterborne Pavement Markings.

growth, corrosion of the container, or hard settling of the pigment. Any settling shall be readily dispersed when stirred by hand with no persistent foaming.

a good quality epoxy or phenoxy clear coating) 30-ga llon open-head drums with drum lever lock, or ring and bolts, with rust resistant cover; or 250-ga llon rust-resistant moveabl e totes. Drums should be tight-filled and have a floating polyethylene lid liner in contact with the paint surface. Containers and lids should be white or off-white on the outside to avoid excessive heat build-up when sitting in sunlight.

quart samples of the paint along with a batch formula in weight proportions and total gallons per batch prior to the award of the bid. The formula shall be in generic terms rather than trade names. After the paint has been manufactured, a one-quart sample along with the batch analysis shall be submitted to the Department's Materials Section, Two Capitol Hill, Room 018, Providence, RI 02903. Field samples should be sealed tightly immediately upon sampling and submitted to the Materials Testing Laboratory within 72 hours for laboratory testing.

before the paint dries or sets by using drop-on or pressurized methods. The glass beads shall be evenly dispersed on a wet paint film of 14 - 16 mils (110-115 square feet per gallon) at a rate of 6 pounds per gallon. The lines shall be applied with airless or air-assisted spray equipment so as to have the paint at a temperature of 150 OF maximum in the heat exchanger and between 120O and 140OF at the spray nozzle. The maximum no-tracking time shall not be exceeded when the pavement temperature is greater than 45 OF under humidity conditions of 85 percent or less on dry pavement.

Paint shall be applied in accordance with the requirements of Subsection T.20.03.5, Para. c; Weather Conditions , of these Specifications. T.20.03.4 Temporary Waterborne Pavement Markings . Paint to be used for temporary pavement markings shall conform to the requirements of Subsection T.20.03.3 , Paras. a, b, and c , above.

This paint must be reflectorized for night visibility by adding reflective spheres before the paint dries or sets by using drop-on or pressurized methods. The reflective spheres shall be evenly dispersed on a wet paint film of 8 mils (60 square feet per gallon) at a rate of 3 pounds per gallon. The Contractor shall schedule temporary pavement markings such that they shall be placed on newly paved roadways which shall be opened to tra ffic at the completion of each day’s paving operations.

Τ−42 T.20.03.5 Thermoplastic Pavement Markings. When thermoplastic pavement markings are specified, the material used shall be a thermoplas tic compound, free of volatiles, which is designed for machine application from approved equipment and shall readily extrude at temperatures between 400OF to 425OF to produce a cross section of line 1/8-inch to 3/16-inch thick. After cooling to the ambient temperature and without polymerization or other chemical change, the line shall form a pavement marking continuous and uniform in s hape, having a clear and sharp dimension and of the quality and appearance herein specified. The material shall be especially compounded for traffic marking and shall not lose its bond with the pavement when the ambient temperature falls below 32 OF.

Reflectorization shall be obtained from approved glass beads conforming to Subsection M.17.01 of these Specifications.

The application of additional glass beads by the drop-on method shall be at the rate of .08 pounds per square foot of marking. The pigmented binder shall be well dispersed and free from all skins, dirt, foreign objects or ingredients that will cause bleeding, staining or discoloration due to dissolution of asphalt in the pavement. After application and drying time, the material shall show no appreciable deformation or discoloration under local traffic conditions and in air and road temperatures ranging from 0 OF to 120OF, and shall adhere securely under repeated freezing and thawing.

The stripes shall maintain the original dimensions and placement. The exposed surface shall be free from tack. Cold ductility of the material shall be such as to permit normal movement with the road surface without chipping or cracking in order to prevent dimensional distortion as a result of traffic impact within the temperature range specified. Ability to resist distortion by natural discoloration shall be retained for the life of the stripe. The compound shall not be deteriorated by contact with sodium chloride, calcium chloride or mild acids, alkalies or other chemicals used agains t formation of ice on roadways; by oil contained in the pavement material; or by oil drippings from vehicular traffic. When installed at an air temperature of 70 OF, between 1/8 and 3/16-inch thick, composition shall be completely solid and shall show no effect of tracking after 15 minutes. Equipment must be provided to insure removal of dust, debris, and other foreign matter from the road surface immediately prior to the installation of the pavement marking. Thermoplastic applicating equipment shall be approved by the Engineer prior to the start of work. For heating the thermoplastic composition, t he application equipment shall include a melting kettle(s) of such capacity as to allow for continuous marking operations. Application equipment shall be constructed to provide continuous mixing and agitation of the material. Conveying parts of the equipment betw een the main material reservoir and the extrusion shoe(s) shall be so constructed as to prevent accumulation and clogging. All parts of the equipment which come into contact with the material shall be so constructed as to be easily

Τ−43accessible and exposable for cleaning and maintenance. The equipment shall be constructed so that all mixing and conveying parts, up to and includi ng the extrusion shoe(s), maintain the material at the required plastic temperature. The applicating equipment shall be so constructed as to insure continuous uniformity in the dimensions of the stripe. The applicator shall provide a means for cleanly cutting off stripe ends squarely and shall provide a method of applying "skip" lines. The equipment shall be capable of applying varying widths of traffic markings. The applicator shall be equipped with a drop-on type bead dispenser capable of uniformly dispensing reflective glass spheres at controlled rates of flow. The bead dispenser shall be automatically operated in such a manner that it will only dispense beads while the composition is being app lied. The bead dispenser shall be positioned so that the beads will be applied no more than 6 inches behind the molten thermoplastic. Applicating equipment shall be mobile and maneuverable to the extent that straight lines can be followed and normal curves can be made in a true arc. The equipment used for the placement of ther moplastic pavement markings shall be two general types: mobile applicator and portable applicator.

mounted, self-contained pavement marking machine that is capable of hot applying thermoplastic by the extrusion method. The unit shall be equipped to apply the thermoplastic material at temperatures of from 440 OF to 425OF, at the widths and thicknesses specified herein.

Ribbon and spray methods are prohibited.

The mobile unit shall be equipped with an extrusion shoe(s), and shall be capable of marking edgeline and centerline stripes. The extrusion shoe(s) which shall be so constructed that the 4th side of the extrusion consists of the pavement itself, shall be closed, heat jacketed or a suitably insulated unit; shall hold the molten thermoplastic at a temperature of from 400 OF to 440OF; and shall be capable of extruding a line of from 3-to-8 inches in width, and at a thickness of not less than 1/8-inch nor more than 3/16-inch, and of generally uniform cross section. Material temperature gauges shall be affixed or incorporated in the extrusion shoe in such a manner as to be visible, and capable of monitoring the composition temperature throughout the marking operation. The mobile unit shall be equipped with an electronic and programmable line pattern control system, or mechanical control system, so as to be capable of applying skip or solid lines in any sequence, and through any extrusion shoe in any cycle length.

operated equipment, specifically designed for placing thermoplastic installations such as crosswalks, stop bars, legends, arrows, and short lengths of lane, edge and centerlines. The portable applicator shall be capable of applying thermoplastic pavement markings by the extrusion method. It is intended that the portable applicator will be loaded with hot thermoplastic composition from the melting kettle(s). The portable applicator shall be equipped with all the necessary compo-nents, including a materials storage reservoir, bead dispenser, extrusion shoe, and heating accessories, so as to be capable of holding the molten thermoplastic at a temperature of from 400 OF to 440OF, of extruding a line of from 3-to-12 inches in width, and in thickness of not less than

Τ−44 1/8-inch nor more than 3/16-inch in thickness, and of generally uniform cross section. Material temperature gauges such as a probe type or a remote reading infrared thermometer shall be affixed or incorporated in the extrusion shoe in such a manner as to be visible and capable of monitoring the composition temperature throughout the marking operation.

pavement surfaces. At the time of installati on, the pavement surface temperature shall be a minimum of 50 OF and rising.

choose to apply thermoplastic pavement marking material provided that the surface is dry and the Contractor accepts all responsibility for the performance of the thermoplastic line striping for a period of one year from the date of application. The Contractor shall submit his request in writing to the Engineer for approval. Replacement of any t hermoplastic material which fails for any reason during this one-year period shall be replaced by the Contractor at its own expense.

No payment will be made for that quantity of material placed at surface temperatures below 50 OF for the period of one year. T.20.03.6 Epoxy Resin Pavement Markings

handwork shall consist of one or more mobile, truck-mounted and self-contained pavement marking machines, specifically designed to apply epoxy resin striping material and refl ective glass beads in continuous and skip-line patterns. The equipment shall be capable of applying straight and curved lines in a true arc. In addition, the truck-mounted unit shall be provided with accessories to allow for the marking of legends, symbols, crosswalks, and other special patterns. At any time throughout the duration of the project, the Contractor shall provide free access to the equipment for inspection by the Engineer. The Engineer may approve the use of a portable applicator in lieu of mobile truck- mounted accessories for use in applying special markings only, provided such equipment can demonstrate satisfactory application of reflecto rized epoxy markings in accordance with these Specifications. The application equipment shall be capable of installing a minimum of 10 miles of epoxy reflectorized pavement markings in an eight-hour day and shall include the following features:

glass beads.

at the manufacturer’s recommended temperature for spray application.

beads to epoxy resin traffic stripes at the rate required.

components being fed to the spray nozzle. The devices should be visible to the operator while the equipment is in use and can be capable of displaying the proportioning such that the actual mixing ratio can be determined at all times.

Τ−455. Accurately calibrated, tamper-proof, metering type devices that measure and record the number of gallons of epoxy resin material used and corresponding length of stripe(s) applied. Each application gun shall have individual footage accumulators which are activated only when material is being applied. This information shall be provided in a format that permits a direct determination of the yield (average mil thickness) of the applied materials.

operation. The equipment shall be capable of placing two lines simultaneously with either line a solid or intermittent pattern in yellow or white. When the color of the material is changed, a quantity of material equal to 150 linear feet of stripe(s) shall be wasted to eliminate the chance of contamination of the alternate color.

surface immediately prior to application of the material. The pressure in the line shall be a minimum of 175 psi.

truck shall have a permanently mounted, variable direction, illuminated arrow board, fully operational and visible to approaching traffic.

be submitted for the approval of the Engineer. At least 5days prior to starting striping, the Contractor shall provide the Engineer with the epoxy manufacturer’s written instructions for use, including but not limited to, material mixing rations and application temperatures. When pavement markings are applied under traffic flow conditions, the Contractor shall provide all necessary signs, cones, arrow boards, etc., in accordance with the contract provisions and the latest edition of the MUTCD to maintain and protect the traffic, the marking operation, and the pavement markings until thoroughly set. The application of pavement markings shall be performed in the general direction of traffic. Striping against the flow of traffic will not be allowed. If, for any reason, it is not possible to place epoxy lane and center lines within the guidelines and restrictions of the contract, and no previous lines exist, the Contractor, at his expense, shall place the appropriate color of four-inch reflective temporary pavement markings for the entire length of the roadway that is unstriped in accordance with the latest edition of the MUTCD. The temporary pavement markings and possible subsequent removal shall be at the Contractor’s expense. The type of temporary markings will be approved by the Engineer. The Contractor shall be responsible for removing, to the satisfaction of the Engineer, all tracking marks, spilled epoxy, and epoxy markings applied in unauthorized areas.

strips shall be constructed. Each test strip shall consist of approximately 100 linear feet of pavement with white and yellow striping (lane and edgeline) similar to that required for the project. The purpose of the test strip(s) is to demonstrat e the capability of the proposed epoxy resin striping material, the equipment and procedures to place epoxy resin traffic stripes that comply with these Specifications including, but not limited to, retroreflectivity, dimensions, appearance (uniform color and crisp, well-defined edges), wet film thickness, drying time and glass bead quantity, application

Τ−46 and retention. When the test strips are in compliance, the Contractor will be permitted to proceed with the striping operations. A test strip shall be required for each applicator unit used. Additional test strips may be required when major equipment repairs or adjustments are made, or at any time requested by the Engineer.

other foreign material, including curing compound on new Portland cement concrete, immediately prior to the striping operation. New epoxy markings may be applied over worn, well-bonded epoxy if approved by the Engineer; all others, such as ( but not limited to) thermoplastic, tape, and newly striped paint will be removed as follows and as approved by the Engineer:

The method shall not damage the surface in any way and have no more than a moderate color and/or texture change. The grinding truck must be capable of removi ng 80,000 linear feet of 6-inch line per day; and must be equipped with a vacuum and dust collector that is 99.99 percent efficient in removing particles no bigger than 0.5 microns. Any pavement markings removed must be replaced within 1 day. Removal is at no extra cost. A sweeper with the capacity to pick up grindings simultaneously with the removal operation is required. If the Contract eliminates grinding of material, power washing remains a requirement.

shall be removed by a power wash machine with a pressure of 2400-2800 psi with the water heated to 180-195 OF. No chemicals shall be added to the water in the process. The machine will be equipped with a turbo blast tip with oscillating head and shall be capable of supplying 5 gallon/minute/gun. Pavement cleaning shall consist of at least a brushing with a rotary, non-metallic broom and additionally as may be recommended by the material manufacturer, all to the satisfaction of the Engineer. New Portland cement concrete shall be cleaned by sandblasting to remove any surface treatments and/or laitance. Surface cleaning and preparation work shall be performed only in the area of the epoxy markings applications. The pavement surface shall be air-blasted to remove dirt and residues just prior to the application of the markings.

surfaces. The pavement surface temperature and the ambient temperature shall be a minimum of 35 OF at time of application. Operations shall neither start nor be continued during periods of rain or in the case of damp pavement. Operations shall not continue until the Engineer determines that the roadway surface is dry enough to achieve adhesion. The individual epoxy components shall be heated to the temperatures recommended in the epoxy manufacturer’s written instructions for use or as stated in the FHWA Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects (note maximum temperature of 140 OF).

The ratio of the two components shall be monitored during the application, using the installed metering devices. Should the ratio fall outside the range of ±5 percent of the manufacturer’s specified mixing ratio for over 30 seconds or at any time fall outside the range of

Τ−47±10 percent, the application shall be stopped and the cause of the problem determined and corrected before proceeding.

adding reflective spheres before the paint dries or sets, by the double-drop method. The reflective spheres, Type I followed immediately by Type II, s hall be evenly dispersed on a minimum wet film thickness of 20 mils on existing and new pavements at a minimum rate of 12 pounds per gallon for each type of glass sphere. All special patterns and handwork (i.e., stop bars, arrows, legends, symbols, etc.) shall meet the above application ra tes with the following exception: The double-drop application of glass spheres will use the Type II gradation only with two applications at a minimum of 12 pounds per gallon each. The Contractor shall place necessary spotting at appropriate points to provide horizontal control for striping and to determine necessary starting and stopping points. Longitudinal joints, pavement edges and existing markings shall serv e as horizontal control when approved by the Engineer. Epoxy reflectorized pavement markings shall be placed at the width, thickness, and pattern designated by the Contract Documents. Marking operations shall not begin until applicable surface preparation work is completed and approved by the Engineer, and the atmospheric conditions and pavement surface temperature are acceptable to the Engineer. The temperature of the mixed epoxy may be adjusted as required for prevailing conditions, including air temperature and pavement temperature to achieve the prescribed no-track time. The speed of the applicator truck shall not exceed the recommended rate for the combination of the truck rate, pressure in the lines, and the tip opening and height of the spray gun to insure the required thickness.

allowed for striping provided the variation is gradual and does not detract from the general appearance. Alignment deviations for the control guide shall not exceed 2 inches provided the variation is gradual and does not detract from the general appearance. Material shall not be applied over a longitudinal joint. Establishment of these tolerances shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility to comply as closely as practicable with the planned dimensions.

Retroreflection shall be measured using a 30-meter geometry portable unit following ASTM D6359 with the following exceptions: minimum values shall not be less than 350 mcd/lum/m2 for white and 225 mcd/lum/m2 for yellow as measured by the Engineer; and measurement for acceptance shall be performed between 14 and 60 days after placement. Epoxy reflectorized pavement markings, which after application and curing are determined by the Engineer to be defective and not in conformance with this Specification, shall be repaired. Repair of defective markings shall be the responsibility of the Contractor and shall be performed to the satisfaction of the Engineer at no additional cost to the State. Repair methods shall be detailed and submitted for approval to the Engineer prior to corrective action. T.20.03.7 Symbols and Word Messages. Symbols and word messages shall be applied to the pavement where designated on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. The letters shall be elongated in the direction of traffic as shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer.

Τ−48 T.20.03.8 Bi-directional Control Device. The Raised Reflective Pavement Markings (RRPMs) and thermoplastic shall be applied according to the method indicated in the respective requirements of these Specifications for each item, and as detailed on the Plans. T.20.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. "Waterborne Pavement Markings," "Thermoplastic Pavement Markings," “Epoxy Resin Pavement Markings,” “Temporary Fast-Drying Waterborne Pavement Markings,” ”Temporary Pavement Ma rkings (Tape)," and "Remove Existing Pavement Markings" will be measured by the number of linear feet (excluding skips and spaces) actually installed or removed, as the case may be, in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. The following items will be measured by the num ber of each such unit actually furnished and installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. · Waterborne Pavement Arrow - Straight Left, Right or Combined · Waterborne Pavement Marking Word "ONLY" · Waterborne Pavement Marking Word "STOP" · Thermoplastic Straight Arrow · Thermoplastic Left/Right Arrow · Thermoplastic Combined Arrow · Thermoplastic Marking Word "ONLY" · Thermoplastic Marking Word "STOP" · Bi-directional Control Device · Epoxy Resin Pavement Arrow - Straight, Left, Right or Combined · Epoxy Resin Pavement Marking Word “ONLY” · Epoxy Resin Pavement Marking Word “STOP”

In certain cases, any or all of the items of work may be paid for on a lump sum basis. In such cases, no measurement is required. T.20.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The accepted quantity of "Pavement Markings" will be paid for at their respective contract unit prices per linear foo t, per each; or by lump sum; for each type or types, as listed in the Proposal. The prices so-stated shall constitute full and complete compensation for all labor, tools, materials and equipment, including protection of newly applied markings from traffic, layout, cleaning and sweeping, furnishing and applyi ng the pavement markings, and all incidentals required to finish the work, complete in place and accepted by the Engineer. T.20.05.1 Epoxy Retroreflection Values . Payment shall be as follows:

T.20.05.2 The accepted quantity of “Temporary Pavement Markings (Tape)” will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot for each type or types as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated shall constitute full and complete compensation for all labor, tools, materials, and equipment,

Τ−49including protection of newly applied markings, cleaning and sweeping pavement, applying pavement markings and removal of pavement markings when no longer in use, and all incidentals required to finish the work, complete in place and accepted by the Engineer. Fifty percent of the contract bid price will be paid at the time of installation and 50 percent upon removal of such markings.

SECTION T.21

TEMPORARY CONSTRUCTION ZONE REFLECTIVE PAVEMENT DELINEATORS T.21.01 DESCRIPTION . This work consists of furnishing, placing, maintaining, and removing construction zone reflective pavement delineators at the locations indicated on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications. T.21.02 MATERIALS . The delineator shall consist of a shell and lens molded of Methyl Methacrylate, conforming to Federal Spec. LD 380C, Type 1, Class 3. The shell shall reflect incident light for traffic flow in a singular direction. Dimensions are to be at least 4" x 4" and a minimum reflective area of 0.38 square inches in each reflective face. The delineators must be installed using the bituminous adhesive that must conform with the delineator manufacturer’s requirements and specifications. T.21.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. The delineators shall be placed on bridges or lane shifts. At the time of installation, the pavement surface must be clean and dry so that it will not impair the adhesion. Prior to installation of the delineators, the adhesive must be heated to the temperature determined by the manufacturer. The delineator must be applied with quick pressure to insure proper adhesion to the pavement surface. The refl ective faces must be placed perpendicular to the line of traffic flow. T.21.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT . “Temporary Construction Zone Reflective Pavement Delineators” will be measured by the number of su ch units actually furnished and installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. T.21.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The accepted quantity of “Temporary Construction Zone Reflective Pavement Delineators” will be paid for at the contract unit price per each as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment including surface cleaning, bituminous adhesive and all incidentals required to finish the work, complete, in place and accepted by the Engineer. If in the opinion of the Engineer any delineator fa ils to perform satisfactorily, such delineator shall be replaced by the Contractor at no additional cost to the State. Moreover, any damage to the finished pavement surface; any permanent marks or scars on the finished pavement surface, including marking materials, or any adhesive residues left in a pattern that may mislead or misdirect

Τ−50 traffic that results from removal of delineators shall be removed or repaired as directed by, and to the satisfaction of the Engineer, all at no additional cost to the State. If necessary, this would include complete removal and/or replacement of the damaged pavement section.

SECTION T.22 LIGHTING FOR NIGHT WORK OPERATIONS T.22.01 DESCRIPTION . This work consists of illuminating work zone and lane drop areas, and all other areas within which are located channelization devices placed along the roadway for the purpose of directing or restricting traffic, all as required for night work operations. Illumination of these areas will be provided by both floodlighting and equipment-mounted lighting. T.22.02 MATERIALS. T.22.02.1 Floodlights . All floodlights for both the lane drop areas and the equipment mounted lighting shall have cut-off type light distribution and shall have a die-cast aluminum housing with integrally-case heavy-duty hinges. Fixture housing door shall be closed with two or more captive screws and shall have positive gasketing to insure water tightness and dust tightness. The housing shall have no weep holes. The reflector shall be high purity anodized aluminum with a secondary internal reflector element to reflect high angle rays back into the beam to achieve high beam utilization and meet IES definition of cut-off distribution.

glass gasketed to the fixture housing. Ballast shall be pre-wired regulating type designed for -20 OF starting with an operating lamp current crest factor not exceeding 1.65. Mounting shall be accomplished with a die-cast aluminum slipfitter designed for a 2-inch tenon. Surface mounting brackets shall be provided for alternate mounting at the Contractor’s option. Fixture shall be U.L. listed. Lamps shall be metal halide of the wattage specified.

cool-white flourescent lamps (F48T12/CW/HO). Housing shall be extruded aluminum with high gloss baked white enamel finish. Lens shall be either tempered glass, polycarbonate or virgin acrylic and shall be fully framed and gasketed. Lens frame shall be hinged or captive latched on one side and shall be toggle-latched on the other side with a stainless steel spring-loaded bail to apply constant pressure between the lens and fixture housing. All fasteners shall be stainless steel. The lamp holder shall be self-sealing, self-aligning and spring loaded. Lens unlatching and lamp removal shall be accomplished without the use of special tools. The fixtures shall have integral, high power factor ballasts capable of starting to -20 OF. Fixtures shall have fittings for standard continuous row mounting and shall have top-mounting brackets for additional support. Approval shall be obtained from the Engineer prior to the purchase or rental of any lighting fixtures.

Τ−51T.22.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. T.22.03.1 Plan of Operation . Prior to proceeding with any night work, the Contractor shall submit a plan of night work operations, including placement of illumination devices, to the Engineer for review and approval. T.22.03.2 Illumination Standards . The following standards shall be maintained at all times during night operations.

physical barriers placed on the roadway for the purpose of channelizing or restricting vehicular traffic shall be illuminated to a minimum average of 2 footcandles measured on both the horizontal and vertical planes 6 inches above the surface in question. The lane-drop areas to be illuminated shall be defined as beginning at the first cone, barrel or other physical channelizing device, continuing through the full roadway width transition area, and ending where the traveled way attains the constant width which will be maintained through the construction area. A uniformity ratio average to minimum to one, or better shall be maintained at all times within the illuminated transition area. All portable lighting shall be located off the traveled way opposite the channelizing devices (i.e., when closing the left or high-speed lanes, all lighting should be placed on the right side of roadway). All lighting shall be aimed in such a manner to avoid shadows on the traveled way and prevent excessive glare to the motorist. Illumination of the lane drop areas shall be accomplished using 250-watt, 400-watt, 1,000- watt metal halide floodlights in any combination and any number necessary to achieve the footcandlele vels and uniformity ratios specified above. All floodlights shall have flat tempered glass or pol ycarbonate lenses securely fastened to the housing to prevent personal injury in the event of lamp breakage. Floodlights shall be mounted on portable or fixed poles, tripods or staging in a location off the traveled way. The lighting staging area shall be roped off to all personnel except the lighting technicians. All generator and wiring shall be within the restricted area and shall conform to all applicable electrical codes and pertinent OSHA safety standards. T.22.03.3 Equipment Lighting.

back. A single cluster with 2 units (one wide beam and one narrow beam) aimed towards the front is to be used. All floodlights shall be securely mounted to minimize vibrations during roller operations. Floodlights should be mounted on steel bullhorn style brackets with 2-inch tenons and a 36-inch spread. Mounting height shall be a minimum of 8 inches above the top platform surface of the roller, provided the overall height from ground level does not exceed 15 feet. Mounting height and placement shall be designed to allow the operator to run the roller from a standing position without blocking the lighting beams onto the roadway. Floodlights for the roller shall be 250-watt metal halide fixtures as described below.

the Contractor. Each truck shall have a mini mum of three (1 wide beam and 2 narrow beams) 250- watt metal halide floodlights mounted on supports on the pickup truck bed. The floodlights shall be aimed in a forward direction over the truck cab but shall also have the capability of being adjusted and aimed in any direction, if required. Floodlights for truck mounting shall be as described below.

Τ−52 c. Pavers . Single width (12-foot nominal) and double width (24-foot nominal) pavers shall be equipped with a continuous twin lamp flourescent bar consisting of enclosed 4-foot flourescent fixtures mounted end to end across the full width of the screed area. Fixtures shall be adjustable so that they may be tilted toward the work area. A minimum of 10 footcandles must be provided at the screed area and in the area (minimum 15 feet) immediately behind the screed where manual raking operations are taking place. Two auxiliary floodlights (narrow beam) shall be provided, one to illuminate guide line and one to illuminate the auger area. Care shall be taken in the placement of these floodlights to avoid aiming of the lights into the line of sight or into the mirrors of trucks which are backing into the auger/hopper area to unload bituminous concrete. Floodlights for the pavers shall be as described below.

his option to suit the configuration of the equipment to which the lighting is attached. Mounting heights, placement and aiming shall be as hereinbefore described. Mounting shall be secure to prevent excessive vibration and to insure there is no hazard to equipment operators or other personnel. Care shall be exercised to ensure that fixture mounting will clear all overhead structures. Lighting configurations for the equipment lighting may, with the concurrence of the Engineer, vary from those specified herein provided that the specified light output is adhered to. All equipment lighting shall be aimed in such a manner as to maximize the illumination on each individual task. T.22.03.4 Lighting Equipment Schedule.

No. of Location Fixtures Size Type Remarks Lane Drop Area Varies Varies Metal halide Min. fc. Rollers 4 250w Metal halide Aim 2 forward & 2 back Pickup Trucks 3 250w Metal halide Variable aiming Pavers (single width) 3 48" Twin lamp Screed area flourescent 2 250w Metal halide Auger & guide line Pavers (double width) 6 48" Twin lamp Screed area flourescent 2 250w Metal halide Auger & guide line

job site by the Contractor and all lamp or fixture failures shall be repaired or replaced immediately. T.22.03.5 Power Sources . The Contractor shall provide portable generators of type, size, and wattage output required to adequately energize the lighting equipment specified. Generator placement and wiring shall be in compliance with all applicable electrical codes and pertinent OSHA safety standards. It shall be the Contractor’s responsibility to ensure that lighting fixture and

Τ−53generator electrical rating are compatible. T.22.03.6 Inspection . The illumination on the project shall be monitored at random intervals for conformance to the specifications set forth herein. Substandard illumination in any area (traveled way, work area or equipment lighting) may be sufficient reason for the Engineer to direct stoppage of all work until the substandard situation is corrected. If there are sufficient noncompliance incidents relating to the illumination of the work area and the lane drops (e.g., failure to maintain the minimum light levels and the uniformity ratios specified, as determined by field tests), or if the finished roadway surface is unsatisfactory in any way, or if safety considerations dictate, the Engineer, at his discretion, may revoke the night-time paving operation for the Contract. The Contractor shall have no claim for loss of anticipated profit because of any such revocation. The Contractor shall furnish t he Engineer, for the duration of the project and at no additional compensation, a hand-held digital light meter, complete with instructions, capable of measuring 1-to-100 footcandles. The light meter is to be returned to the Contractor upon completion of the project. T.22.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. “Lighting for Night Work Operations” will not be measured separately for payment. T.22.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT . Provision of “Lighting for Night Work Operations” will not be paid for separately, but shall be considered a subsidiary obligation of the Contractor, with the cost of said lighting distributed among the contract unit prices for those items of work that are to be performed during night-time operations. These unit prices shall include full and complete compensation for furnishing and operating all equipment, labor and materials necessary to illuminate the roadway surface (lane drop and work zone area) including necessary lighting on the equipment and all incidentals necessary to complete the work of this item as previously specified and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

L−1 PART L LANDSCAPING SECTION L.01 LOAM, PLANTABLE SOIL OR HIGH ORGANIC SOIL

L.01.01 DESCRIPTION. L.01.01.1 Loam. This work consists of placing loam to the lines, grades, and depths shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications. The loam shall be furnished by the Contractor from sources outsi de the project limits (Loam Furnished and Spread). L.01.01.2 Plantable Soil . This work consists of furnishing and placing plantable soil to a 4-inch depth on designated areas in close conformity to the lines and grades as shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. Plantable soil shall be either furnished by the Contractor from sources outside the project limits, "Plantable Soil Furnished and Spread,” or material removed and stockpiled by the Contractor under the excavation items, "Plantable Soil Rehandled and Spread.” L.01.01.3 High Organic Soil. This work consists of furnishing and placing high organic soil to the lines, grades, and depths in detention ponds, wetland replacement and/or wetlands restoration/reclamation areas, as specified herein, as shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. High organic soil shall be either furnished by the Contractor from sources outside the project limits, "High Organic Soil Furnished and Spread,” or material removed and stockpiled by the Contractor under the excavation items, "High Organic Soil Rehandled and Spread.” L.01.02 MATERIALS. Loam, Plantable Soil and High Organic Soil shall be clean and free of any undesirable material and conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.18; LANDSCAPING MATERIALS. L.01.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. L.01.03.1 Loam. The Contractor shall submit a sample for testing prior to the placement of loam. The sample will be taken from material furnished by the Contractor or from the removed and stockpiled material on site. The sample shall be approved by the Engineer prior to the placement. Loam which does not meet the requirements specified in SECTION M.18; LANDSCAPING MATERIALS, shall be rejected.

Prior to the placement of loam, the Contractor shall prepare the surface to receive the loam. All roots, sod, weeds, cobbles or stone with any dimension greater than 1 inch shall be removed and legally disposed of.

L−2 Loam shall be placed on surfaces which are true to the lines, grades, and cross-sections shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer. Loam shall be placed and spread to the required depth; the minimum thickness shall be as indicated on the Plans and/or in the Proposal. The loamed surface shall be graded, and all roots, sods, weeds, cobbles or stones with any dimension greater than 1 inch shall be removed and legally disposed of. After shaping and grading, all trucks and other equipment not required to perform seeding, mulching or mowing operations shall be excluded from the loamed areas. Work under this item shall be performed only with the permission of the Engineer. The Engineer may suspend work when he determines soil or weather conditions are unsuitable for spreading and/or grading loam. The Contractor may resume work when directed by the Engineer. All loamed areas shall be seeded no more than two weeks after spreading the loam. Refer to SECTION L.02; SEEDING, for dates and other requirements. Loamed areas shall be maintained, free from erosion until acceptance of the project. L.01.03.2 Plantable Soil. The Contractor shall place plantable soil in accordance with Subsection L.01.03.1 , above.

When items for both "Plantable Soil Rehandled and Spread" and "Plantable Soil Furnished and Spread" appear in the Contract, the Contractor shall complete the placing of all plantable soil available on the project before proceeding to obtain plantable soil from outside sources to the extent feasible in the construction sequence. L.01.03.3 High Organic Soil. The Contractor shall submit a sample for testing prior to the placement of High Organic Soil. The sample sha ll be approved by the Engineer prior to placement. High Organic Soil which does not meet the requirements specified in SECTION M.18; LANDSCAPING MATERIALS, shall be rejected.

High Organic Soil shall be placed on surfaces wh ich are true to the lines, grades, and cross sections shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer. The depth and location of High Organic Soil shall be as shown on the Plans. All slopes shall be tracked with a dozer. The resulting tracks shall be perpendicular to the flow of water. All roots, sods, weeds, cobbles or stones with any dimension greater than 4 inches shall be removed from the soil surface and legally disposed of. No raking will be permitted. When items for both "High Organic Soil Rehandled and Spread" and "High Organic Soil Furnished and Spread" appear in the Contract, the Contractor shall complete the placing of all high organic soil available on the project before proceeding to obtain high organic soil from outside sources to the extent feasible in the construction sequence. The Contractor shall apply a wetland seed mix immediately after spreading and tracking the High Organic Soil. Refer to SECTION L.02; SEEDING, for dates and other requirements.

L−3 L.01.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. L.01.04.1 Loam. "Loam" will be measured by the number of square yards, surface measurement, of the area on which the placing of loam has been installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.01.04.2 Plantable Soil. "Plantable Soil" will be measured by the number of square yards, surface measurement, of the area on which the placing of plantable soil has been installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.01.04.3 High Organic Soil. "High Organic Soil" will be measured by the number of square yards, surface measurement, of the area on which the placing of high organic soil has been installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.01.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. L.01.05.1 Loam Furnished and Spread. The accepted quantity of "Loam Furnished and Spread" will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. The loam shall be furnished by the Contractor from sources outside of the project limits. L.01.05.2 Plantable Soil Furnished and Spread . The accepted quantity of "Plantable Soil" will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. The plantable soil shall be furnished by the Contractor from sources outside the project limits. L.01.05.3 High Organic Soil Four Inches (4") Deep (Slopes). The accepted quantity of "High Organic Soil Four Inches (4") Deep (Slopes)" shall be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. The High Organic Soil sha ll be furnished by the Contractor from sources outside the project limits. L.01.05.4 High Organic Soil Six Inches (6") Deep (Bottom). The accepted quantity of "High Organic Soil Six Inches (6") Deep (Bottom)" shall be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. The High Organic Soil sha ll be furnished by the Contractor from sources outside the project limits.

L−4 SECTION L.02

SEEDING

L.02.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of the preparation of the seed bed, furnishing and placing materials, and the establis hing of grassed areas as shown on the Plans, in accordance with these Specifications or as directed by the Engineer. Work shall consist of the following six types: Type 1. Plantable Soil areas, either flats, to be seeded with a Park Seed Mix or slopes, to be seeded with a Slope Seed Mix;

Type 2. Loamed areas adjacent to lawns or sidewalks, seeded with a Residential Seed Mix;

Type 3. Temporary seeding using a Temporary Seed Mix on sloped and flat areas of embankments or excavation sites, to provide temporary vegetative cover for erodible soils;

Type 4. Plantable Soil areas, either flats or slopes, seeded with a Native Seed Mix;

Type 5. Wetland Areas and High Organic Soil, seeded with a Wetland Seed Mix;

Type 6. Plantable Soil areas, either flats or slopes seeded with a Wildflower Seed Mix.

Slope areas shall be defined as being 3:1 or greater. L.02.02 MATERIALS. Lime, fertilizer, mulch, water and seed mixtures shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.18; LANDSCAPING MATERIALS . L.02.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. L.02.03.1 Seeding Dates. Full advantage shall be taken of time and weather conditions best suited for seeding. The normal dates for seeding shall be as follows: Type 1, Type 2, and Type 4 dates shall be:

Spring Seeding: April 1 to May 31. Fall Seeding: August 15 to October 15.

Type 3 seeding may be done at anytime between March 15 and November 15 with approval of the Engineer. Type 3 seeding shall not be permitted on frozen ground. Type 5 seeding dates shall be as follows:

Spring Seeding: May 1 to June 15 Fall Seeding: August 15 to September 30

L−5Type 6 seeding dates shall be as follows:

Spring Seeding: April 1 to May 1 Fall Seeding: September 1 to September 30

Seeding at other than the above time will be allowed only with the written permission of the Engineer. The Engineer may suspend work when he/s he determines that soil or weather conditions are unsuitable for raking and/or seeding. The Contractor may resume work when directed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer at least 48 hours in advance of the time intended for commencement of seeding. No payment will be made for work performed when the Engineer is not present. In cases where there is existing or new plant material, care shall be taken to ensure that no lime, fertilizer, mulch and/or seed mix comes in contact with the plant material or their mulched areas. L.02.03.2 Preparation of Areas for Seeding.

mechanically (i.e. power rake), so as to produce a loose, friable seed bed. Slopes 3:1 and greater shall be tracked with a dozer. The resulting track imprints shall be perpendicular to the flow of water. All sticks, litter, wire, weeds, cable, cobbles or stones larger than 1 inch in any dimension shall be removed and legally disposed of. Where the seed bed has become compacted, it shall be scarified to a depth of 5 inches prior to raking. No seeding of this type will be permitted on areas where the seed bed has not been properly prepared or where the soil is compacted.

All sticks, litter, wire, weeds, cable, cobbles and stones larger than ½-inch in any dimension shall be removed and legally disposed of. After hand raking, and at the discretion of the Engineer, the Contractor shall roll, with a hand roller, the entire area. The finish grade of the proposed area shall blend into the adjacent lawns (when applicable). Where the seed bed has become compacted, it shall be scarified to a depth of 5 inches prior to fine raking. No seeding of this type will be permitted on areas where the seed bed has not been properly prepared or where the soil is compacted.

and unprotected channels where runoff may cause erosion.

Para. a , above.

weeds, cable, cobbles or stones larger than 4 inc hes in any dimension shall be removed and legally disposed of without disturbing the finish grade.

L−6

a, above, except as designated below.

Type 6 areas previously seeded or having exis ting vegetation shall have all sod removed from the site proposed for wildflower seeding. Plantable soil, as designated on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer, shall be applied to raise the planting bed to final grade (after sod removal). Areas shall be raked to produce a loose friable soil. L.02.03.3 Application of Lime. Lime (ground or pelletized) shall be applied dry and spread evenly over the entire surface to be seeded. Unless otherwise specified, the application rate shall be 1 ton per acre. Raking shall be completed after the fertilizer has been applied. NO LIME WILL BE APPLIED ON TYPE 3, TYPE 4, AND TYPE 5 AREAS. L.02.03.4 Application of Fertilizer. After the application of lime, fertilizer shall be spread at the following rates: Type 1 and 2 - Eight hundred-fifty pounds (850 lbs.) per acre. Type 3 - Six hundred-fifty pounds (650 lbs.) per acre. Type 4 - Five hundred pounds (500 lbs.) per acre. Type 5 - No fertilizer shall be applied. Type 6 - One hundred-fifty pounds (150 lbs.) per acre.

Both the lime and fertilizer shall be thoroughly incorporated into the soil by raking. Raking shall be in accordance with the applicable requirements of Subsection L.02.03.2 , above. L.02.03.5 Sowing of Seed. After the seed beds have been prepared as outlined in Subsections L.02.03.2 through L.02.03.4 , above, grass seed conforming to the respective formula specified in Subsection M.18.10; Seed Mixtures , shall be applied according to the specified rates. Application of fertilizer, grass seed, and cellulose fiber mulc h for Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, Type 4, Type 5, and Type 6 may be accomplished in one operation by the use of a hydroseeder.

flats and with Slope Seed Mix on slopes. Both mechanical and hydroseeding methods may be used.

Mix. Additional hand raking and rolling with a light roller shall be employed in lieu of mulch. Such areas will not be accepted until a generally weed-free, 3-inch stand of grass is established.

Mix on flats and slopes. Both mechanical and hydroseeding methods may be used.

Both mechanical and hydroseeding methods may be used.

areas where there is access for a hydroseeder, the Wetland Seed Mix shall be spread using this

L−7method only. In areas where there is no access for a hydroseeder, the wetland seed mix shall be spread by a hand-held spreader.

Mix. Seeds may be mechanically applied by overseeding the area with a slit seeder or broadcast with the use of a drop or broadcast spreader. A hydroseeder may be used. When hydroseeding method is used, the seed, fertilizer, and 10 percent of the mulch shall be used in the first application followed by the remaining 90 percent of mulch to be used in a second application. If a slit seeder is used, seed disbursement shall be 3 inches on center and 1/4-inch deep. Two passes, the second perpendicular to the first shall be made. Small seeds shall be seeded separately from larger seed. If a drop or broadcast seeding method is used, large seed shall be spread separately from small seeds. Each seed type (large or small) di sbursement shall be applied in two passes, the second perpendicular to the first. The area shall be hand raked to provide a soil coverage of a 1/4-inch. L.02.03.6 Mulching. All seeded areas shall be covered with a suitable mulch at the time of the application of the seed. Unless otherwise specified, cellulose fiber mulch shall be used. Cellulose fiber mulch shall conform to Subsection M.18.07.1 of these Specifications.

Cellulose fiber mulch may be employed separatel y or as part of a hydroseeding operation. If cellulose fiber mulch is applied separately, it shall be applied immediately after the seeding operation. Cellulose fiber mulch that becomes adhered to signs, sign posts, lighting standards, new or existing plant materials and/or walls shall be removed. L.02.03.7 Care During Construction. Any areas which fail to show a uniform growth of grass for any reason whatsoever shall be reseeded until the areas are covered with a satisfactory growth of grass as approved by the Engineer. The seed, fertilizer, etc. used in the reseeding operations shall be at the same application rates and during appropriate seeding dates as those previously specified unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.

areas within 72 hours of the seeding operation. One additional watering may be required and such will be at the discretion of the Engineer. Water shall be applied at a controlled rate and in such a manner to insure the water reaches the root zone. Watering operations shall not flood adjacent areas, erode soil or cause any damage to the seeded areas.

year on areas flatter than 3:1. Mowing on Type 2 seeded areas shall be performed when the grass has obtained a height of 4 inches and shall be maintained at a 4-inch height until accepted.

L−8 Mowing will be performed for Type 1 and Type 2 only.

Each cutting shall result in a stand of evenly mowed grass, 3 inches tall immediately following the cutting. Neat trimming shall be necessary around all poles, trees, ledges, delineators, curbs, piers, abutments and other structures falling within the seeded areas; this trimming will be conducted simultaneously with the mowing during each cutting operation. All curbs shall be trimmed and exposed; all gutters will be left free of all grass clippings.

During Construction tasks as specified in the Contract have not been performed, the daily charge set forth in Special Provision Code L.02.1000 will be deducted from monies due the Contractor as a charge for failure to comply with this Specification. The daily charge will continue each consecutive calendar day until the deficiencies have been corrected to the satisfaction of the Engineer. L.02.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. "Seeding" will be measured by the number of square yards actually seeded in accordance with the Plans, and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.02.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The accepted quantity of "Seeding" will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for preparation of seed beds, for furnishing and applying all lime, fertilizer, mulch, seed, raking, mowing, watering, and care during construction of the seeded areas, for all labor, materials and equipment, and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. Payment for all types shall be made as follows:

Eighty-five percent of the total contract price will be paid at the time of initial seeding. The remainder, 15 percent, will be paid when the newly seeded areas have been accepted. If seeding is done at a time other than the specified seeding date, the entire payment for seeding will be withheld until a uniform acceptable stand of turf, as determined by the Engineer, has been obtained. SECTION L.03

SODDING L.03.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of the preparation of the sod bed and of furnishing, placing and caring for sod as indicated on the Plans, in accordance with these Specifications or as directed by the Engineer.

L−9 L.03.02 MATERIALS. Sod, lime, fertilizer, water, and wooden pegs shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.18; LANDSCAPING MATERIALS . L.03.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. L.03.03.1 Sodding Dates. The dates for sodding shall be as follows:

Spring Sodding: April 1 to June 30 Fall Sodding: August 15 to November 15

Sodding shall not be performed on frozen ground nor shall frozen sod be placed.

The Contractor shall notify the Engineer at least 48 hours in advance of the time intended for commencement of sodding. In cases where there is existing or new plant material, care shall be taken to ensure that no lime or fertilizer comes in contact with the plant material or their mulched areas. L.03.03.2 Shipping, Handling, Storage, & Delivery. Sod loads shall be covered at all times during shipment and during delivery to the project site. Sod shall be protected from weather or other damaging and/or deteriorating conditions while in transit or in storage. Any sod which has been damaged or has deteriorated in transit or storage will not be accepted and shall be removed from the project. Sod shall be harvested, delivered, and installed within a period of 36 hours. Sod not installed within this time period will not be accepted and must be removed from the project. L.03.03.3 Preparation of the Sod Bed. Sod shall be placed on a minimum of 4 inches of loam or plantable soil. The top surface of the sod shall meet specified grades, or be flush with surrounding finished grades and/or structures. The sod bed shall be hand raked to produce a loose, friable surface. All sticks, litter, wire, weeds, cable, cobbles or stones larger than ½-in ch in any dimension shall be removed and legally disposed of. After hand raking, the Contractor shall roll the entire area with a hand roller. Where the sod bed has been compacted, it shall be scarified to a minimum depth of 5 inches prior to fine raking. No sodding will be permitted on areas where the sod bed has not been properly prepared or where the soil has become compacted. L.03.03.4 Application of Lime. Lime (ground or pelletized) shall be applied dry and spread evenly over the entire surface to be sodded. Unless otherwise specified, the application rate shall be 1 ton per acre. Raking shall be completed after the fertilizer has been applied. L.03.03.5 Application of Fertilizer. After the application of lime, fertilizer shall be spread at the rate of 500 pounds of fertilizer per acre on both flats and slopes. Both the lime and fertilizer shall be thoroughly incorporated into the soil by raking. Unless otherwise approved, sod areas shall be raked by hand only.

L−10 L.03.03.6 Placing of Sod. The sod bed shall be moist. A watering truck shall be on site at all times during the sodding operation. Sod to be placed in drainage ways and in cases where continuous or solid sodding is called for on the Plans, shall be laid with the longest dimension parallel to the contours. Special care shall be taken in forming finish grades at junctions of drainage ways. The first row of sod shall be laid in a straight line with subsequent rows placed parallel to and tightly against each other. Lateral/vertical joints shall be staggered by a minimum of 12 inches to promote uniform growth and strength. Only full-size sod strips shall be used unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. Care shall be exercised to ensure that the sod is not stretched or overlapped and that all joints are butted tight. Immediately after the sod is placed, it shall be pressed firmly into contact with the sod bed by tamping, hand rolling, or by other methods approved by the Engineer. This procedure shall not displace or deform the sod. The Contractor shall cut the sod to the line indicated on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. L.03.03.7 Pegging. Sods shall be held in place by approved pegs in all drainage ways, on all slopes 2:1 or steeper and elsewhere as shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. This shall be completed immediately following rolling. At least one peg shall secure each such sod strip, but in no case shall pegs be more than 2 feet apart. Pegs shall have a flat side parallel to the slope and be driven flush with the root crown. L.03.03.8 Watering. Immediately following installation, sodded areas shall be thoroughly watered.

directed by the Engineer. The watering rate shall be 5 gallons per square yard (24,200 gallons per acre).

The watering rate shall be 5 gallons per square yard (24,200 gallons per acre). L.03.03.9 Joint Dressing. As soon as practical following the initial watering but in every case prior to the second watering, the entire area shall be examined by the Contractor for open joints or other signs of surface imperfection. All open joints or other voids shall be carefully filled with loam or plantable soil. L.03.03.10 Care During Construction. The Contractor shall maintain the sodded areas including watering and mowing, until all newly sodded areas hav e been accepted. Prior to acceptance of the work, any damaged areas shall be reshaped, refertilized, resodded or repaired according to these Specifications to the satisfaction of the Engineer with no additional compensation to be made therefore.

and shall be maintained at a 4-inch height until accepted.

L−11Each cutting shall result in a stand of evenly mowed grass, 3 inches tall immediately following the cutting. Neat trimming shall be necessary around all poles, trees, ledges, delineators, curbs, piers, abutments, and other structures falling within the seeded areas; this trimming will be conducted simultaneously with the mowing during each cutting operation. All curbs shall be trimmed and exposed; all gutters will be left free of all grass clippings.

During Construction tasks as specified in the Contract have not been performed, the daily charge set forth in Special Provision Code L.03.1000 will be deducted from monies due the Contractor as a charge for failure to comply with this Specification. The daily charge will continue each consecutive calendar day until the deficiencies noted have been corrected to the satisfaction of the Engineer. L.03.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. "Sodding" will be measured by the number of square yards actually installed in accordance with the Plans, and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.03.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The accepted quantity of "Sodding" will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for preparation of sod beds, for furnishing and applying all lime, fertilizer, pegs, sod, raking, mowing, watering, care during construction and for all labor, materials and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. Eighty-five percent of the total contract price will be paid at the time of the sod installation. The remainder, 15 percent, will be paid when the newly sodded areas have been accepted. If sodding is done at a time other than specified sodding dates, the entire payment for sodding will be withheld until a uniform acceptable st and of turf as determined by the Engineer, has been obtained. Payment will not be made for work performed when the Engineer is not present. SECTION L.04

REFERTILIZATION OF SEEDED, SODDED AND GRASSED AREAS L.04.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of a second application of fertilizer to newly seeded and newly sodded areas and/or the application of fert ilizer to existing grassed areas, in accordance with these Specifications or as directed by the Engineer. L.04.02 MATERIALS. The fertilizer applied under this item shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.18; LANDSCAPING MATERIALS.

L−12 L.04.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. The Contractor shall allow one growing season between the first application of fertilizer to newly seeded areas, as required under SECTION L.02 and newly sodded areas as required under SECTION L.03 of these Specifications. The second application is described below: L.04.03.1 Seeded Areas. The refertilization of seeded areas shall be spread at the following rates:

Type 1 and 2 - Eight hundred-fifty pounds (850 lbs.) per acre. Type 3 - No refertilization is required. Type 4 - Two hundred-fifty pounds (250 lbs.) per acre. Type 5 - No refertilization is required. Type 6 - Seventy-five pounds (75 lbs.) per acre. L.04.03.2 Sodded Areas. The refertilization of sodded areas shall be spread at the rate of 500 pounds per acre. L.04.03.3 Existing Grassed Areas. The application of fertilizer to existing grassed areas shall be spread at the rate of 500 pounds per acre. L.04.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. "Refertilization of Seeded, Sodded and Grassed Areas" will be measured by the number of acres actually fertilized in accordance with the Plans, and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.04.5 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The accepted quantity of "Refertilization of Seeded, Sodded and Grassed Areas" will be paid for at the contract unit price per acre as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. SECTION L.05

SEED STABILIZERS L.05.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of furnishing and placing seed stabilizers over seeded areas at locations indicated on the Plans, in accordance with these Specifications or as directed by the Engineer. L.05.02 MATERIALS. Seed stabilizers shall consist of jute mesh, excelsior matting, erosion control blankets, adhesive mulch stabilizer, and straw mulch. Each such material shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.18; LANDSCAPING MATERIALS.

L−13L.05.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. L.05.03.1 Jute Mesh.

installed loosely but smoothly to fit the contour of the finished grade, parallel to and in the same direction as the surface flow of storm water.

jute mesh shall be buried in a 6-inch minimum vertical anchor slot or junction slot with the soil tamped firmly against the mesh. The Engineer may require that any edge likely to be exposed to greater than normal flow be buried in a similar manner.

or anchor slot of the jute mesh occurs in each 75 feet on gradients of less than 4 percent, and in each 50 feet on gradients of more than 4 percent. On slope drains, a check slot or an end shall occur every 25 feet. Check slots shall be formed by folding 1 foot of the jute into a 6-inch vertical slot at right angles to the flow of water. Jute is to be stapled into place, and the surrounding soil is to be firmly tamped at each check slot.

minimum of 4 inches; ends at junction slots sha ll overlap a minimum of 12 inches, and the upslope section of mesh will be on top.

inches and stapled in place.

center of all jute mesh strips at intervals not greater than 3 feet. All anchor slots, junction slots, check slots, and terminal folds shall have five staples spaced not more than 9 inches on center across their widths.

rolling, all areas disturbed by installation of the jute mesh shall be over-seeded using the appropriate seed mixture.

work on the project is completed and accepted. Prior to acceptance of the work, if staples have become loosened or raised, or if jute mesh has become loose, torn or undermined by any cause, the damaged areas shall be reshaped, refertilized, re seeded and the jute mesh shall be repaired or replaced according to these Specifications, to t he satisfaction of the Engi neer and with no additional compensation.

L−14 L.05.03.2 Excelsior Matting.

grades indicated, with a smooth surface free of depressions and eroded areas that would allow water to collect or flow under the matting. Applications will be made immediately after seeding; matting shall be applied evenly without stretching and must lie smoothly to fit the contour of the finished grade, parallel to and in the same direction as the surface flow of storm water.

material is required they are to be laid parallel to one another with the edges butted snugly.

the soil. Staples shall be spaced not more than 2 feet in three rows for each strip, with one row along each edge and one row spaced 12 inches apart across their width.

until all work on the entire contract has been completed and accepted. Maintenance shall consist of the repair of areas damaged by erosion, wind, fire, or other causes. Damaged areas shall be repaired to re-establish the condition and grade of the soil prior to application of the matting and shall be reshaped, refertilized, reseeded and the excelsior matting shall be repaired or replaced according to these Specifications, to the satisfaction of the Engineer and with no additional compensation to be made therefore. L.05.03.3 Erosion Control Blankets. The Contractor shall place erosion control blankets in accordance with Subsection L.05.03.2; above. L.05.03.4 Adhesive Mulch Stabilizer.

gallons, with a built-in, continuous agitation or reci rculation system of suffi cient operating capacity to produce a homogeneous slurry of adhesive mulch stabilizer and water, or adhesive mulch stabilizer, seed, fertilizer, cellulose fiber mulch and water in the designated unit proportions. With the agitation system working at half speed, water sh all be added to the tank at the same time as the adhesive mulch stabilizer, and good recirculation shall be established. Adhesive mulch stabilizer shall be mixed in the proportion of 1 gallon of stabilizer to 5½ gallons of water. A resulting mix of 130 gallons of adhesive mulch stabilizer to 715 gallons of water shall be applied per acre or in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. If the manufacturer's recommendations are followed, the C ontractor shall provide them to the Engineer for approval, prior to mixing and application. When applicable, seed and fertilizer shall be added when the tank is two-thirds full and shall be batched in accordance with manufacturer's guidelines. Application of the slurry shall commence immediately when the tank is full.

rate and at which rate which will provide the designated amounts of adhesive mulch stabilizer and when applicable seed, fertilizer and cellulose fiber mulch per acre, in a continuous uniform and even coat. The nozzle shall produce a spray that does not concentrate nor wash down the material.

L−15 L.05.03.5 Straw Mulch. Straw shall be applied to seeded areas by hand or blower at the rate of 0.62 to 0.82 pounds per square yard (1½ to 2 tons per acre). The Contractor shall be careful not to distribute straw on to new or existing plant material, pavement surfaces, (driveways, roads, or sidewalks) or other areas not designated on the Plans to receive straw. Straw placed on areas not designated and/or directed by the Engineer shall be removed immediately by the Contractor. L.05.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. L.05.04.1 Jute Mesh. "Jute Mesh" will be measured by the number of square yards installed in accordance with the Plans, and/or as directed by the Engineer.

L.05.04.2 Excelsior Matting. "Excelsior Matting" will be measured by the number of square yards installed in accordance with the Plans, and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.05.04.3 Erosion Control Blanket. "Erosion Control Blanket" will be measured by the number of square yards installed in accordance with the Plans, and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.05.04.4 Adhesive Mulch Stabilizer. "Adhesive Mulch Stabilizer" will be measured by the number of acres installed in accordance with the Plans, and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.05.04.5 Straw Mulch. "Straw Mulch" will be measured by the number of acres installed in accordance with the Plans, and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.05.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. L.05.05.1 Jute Mesh. The accepted quantity of "Jute Mesh" will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. L.05.05.2 Excelsior Matting. The accepted quantity of "Excelsior Matting" will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. L.05.05.3 Erosion Control Blanket. The accepted quantity of "Erosion Control Blanket" will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. L.05.05.4 Adhesive Mulch Stabilizer. The accepted quantity of "Adhesive Mulch Stabilizer" will be paid for at the contract unit price per acre as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. L.05.05.5 Straw Mulch. The accepted quantity of "Straw Mulch" will be paid for at the contract unit price per acre as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete

L−16 compensation for all labor, materials and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer.

SECTION L.06

PLANTING L.06.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of furnishing, planting, watering, mulching, staking and guying trees, shrubs, vines, perennials, ornamental grasses, ground covers and bulbs of the type and size as indicated on the Plans, in accordance with these Specifications or as directed by the Engineer. L.06.02 MATERIALS. Plant materials, antidesiccant, loam, fertilizer, bone meal, mulch, water, stakes, guy webbing fabric, and herbicide shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.18; LANDSCAPING MATERIALS. L.06.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. L.06.03.1 General. Should the Contractor disturb or dam age any areas not shown on the Plans or designated by the Engineer, payment will be wit hheld until all damaged and/or disturbed areas are repaired with materials equal to or better than that which was existing. This shall include all previously seeded and/or sodded areas. All work shall be performed under the direct supervision of the Engineer. No payment will be made for work performed when the Engineer is not present. All persons performing planting or pruning oper ations shall possess a current Rhode Island Arborist License or be directly supervised by an i ndividual who does. Herbicides shall be applied by only those individuals who possess a current Rhode Island Commercial Applicators License.

L.06.03.2 Planting Dates. All plant material shall be planted during the Spring or Fall planting season as indicated below. No planting shall be performed in frozen ground, or when snow covers the ground. The Engineer may suspend work when he/she determines soil or weather conditions are unsuitable for planting operations. The Contractor may resume work when directed by the Engineer.

Spring: March 1 to June 30 Fall: September 1 to December 15

L−17Spring: April 1 to May 15 Fall: August 15 to October 15

Planting at other than the above time will be allowed only with the written permission of the Engineer. The Engineer may suspend work when he/she determines that the soil or weather conditions are unsuitable for planting. The Contractor may resume work when directed by the Engineer. Those species known to be Fall Digging Hazards shall be dug during the Spring season only. Fall planting of these species shall be permitted only with certification from the nursery, of the time of digging and shall be at the discretion of the Engineer. L.06.03.3 Selection, Tagging, Shipment, and Storage. The Engineer shall inspect and tag, at the nursery, all plants proposed for a specific contract. The Contractor shall give 7-days notice to the Engineer prior to any tagging operations. All pl ant material shall meet the American Association of Nurseryman Standards for Nursery Stock, latest edition and its amendments. Only plants which are hardy to Zone 6 or lower, as determined by the USDA shall be accepted. APPROVAL OF PLANTS IN THE NURSERY ROW DOES NOT GUARANTEE FINAL ACCEPTANCE IF THE PLANT IS BADLY DUG, DAMAGED IN TRANSIT, POORLY PLANTED, INADEQUATELY MAINTAINED, OR FOR ANY REASON IS IN POOR CONDITION AT THE TIME OF DELIVERY TO THE CONTRACT SITE. ALL PLANT MATERIAL INSPECTIONS AND TAGGING WILL BE MADE AT THE EXPENSE OF THE CONTRACTOR. All plant materials shall be dug and handled in accordance with the American Association of Nurseryman's Standards for nursery stock, latest editions, and its amendments. All shipments of plant materials by the Contractor shall comply with all nursery inspection and plant quarantine regulations of the states of origin and of destination as well as with the Federal regulations governing the interstate movement of nursery sto ck. A certificate of inspection shall accompany each package, bale, box or carload lot shipped or otherwise delivered. When more than one variety of a species, or more than one species of a genus is required for a project, each plant or bundle of plants shall be tagged as to variety and/or species prior to delivery to the job site. A certificate of compliance for any or all plant materials shall be required at the time of delivery to the job site. Plants received by the Contractor shall be kept moist, fresh and protected against exposure to sun, wind and freezing temperatures whether in the receiving yard, in transit, while being handled or in temporary storage on the job site awaiting planting. Balled and burlapped plants shall have their rootballs covered by earth, wood chips, cloth, straw or other suitable material which shall be kept moist. Plant material shall be covered with a suitable tarpaulin while in transit. Damage to plant material, prior to its acceptance on the job site by the Engineer, shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. L.06.03.4 Substitution. No substitutes in kinds and size of plant materials will be made without the express written consent of the Department. The Contractor shall notify t he Engineer, in writing, regarding requests for plant material substitutions. The Department reserves the right to request the Contractor to submit one letter from each of four different supply sources for plant materials; three sources are to be of the Contractor's selection; one source is to be of the Department's

L−18 selection. Letters must clearly outline the original plant material(s), the substitute plant material(s) and why the substitution is necessary. L.06.03.5 Layout and Excavation of Plant Holes. Plant material locations and bed outlines shall be staked on the project site in accordance with the Plans by the Contractor, before any plant pits or beds are excavated. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer at least 24 hours, excluding weekends and holidays, prior to the starting date of layout operations. All staked locations shall be approved by the Engineer prior to the excavation of plant holes. Excavation for planting beds and individual trees shall conform to the approved staked locations and outlines. Holes dug for planting shall in all cases be large enough to include the complete root system of the plant or tree to be received and also sufficient amounts of approved backfill around the periphery of the root ball. All sod, weeds, roots, cobbles and stones and other objectionable material excavated from the plant holes which is unsuitable for backfill shall be removed from the site immediately and legally disposed of. The minimum plant hole size, unless otherwise specified, shown on the Plans, or directed by the Engineer, shall be as follows:

the diameter of the rootball in width and no deeper than 2 inches less than the distance from the bottom of the rootball to the root collar (i.e. a 12-inch distance between the root collar and bottom of the rootball will require a 10-inch deep hole). Any excavation in excess of that required shall be replaced and compacted to 85 percent of maximum density.

three times the diameter of the rootball in width and equal to the depth from the bottom of the rootball to the level at which it was grown in the nursery. Any excavation in excess of that required shall be replaced and compacted to 85 percent of maximum density.

widest point) or in accordance with the suppliers' gui delines for individual bulbs species. The width of planting beds shall be as indicated on the Plans or at the direction of the Engineer. Any rocks or underground obstructions shall be removed to a depth necessary for planting as specified, unless alternate locations for the plantings are approved by the Engineer. If removal of obstructions results in a deeper hole than needed for planting, backfill material shall be added and compacted to 85 percent of maximum density to the correct depth. L.06.03.6 Planting and Backfilling. All plant material shall be brought to the planting site in a well watered condition. Any dry or dehydrated plant material will not be accepted for planting. All plant material shall be set plumb and at such a level as specified in Subsection L.06.03.5 , above.

All watering of plant material during the backfilling process shall be completed regardless of weather conditions and shall be waived only with the approval of the Engineer. The Contractor shall, at all times during the planting operation, have a watering truck on site and prepared for watering activities.

L−19a. Balled and Burlapped Trees and Shrubs. Plants shall be handled in such a manner that the soil of the ball will not be loosened from the roots. Carefully place plant into the prepared pits and fill in around the ball to one-half the depth of the hole with loam. Thoroughly tamp the loam to 85 percent of maximum density. Fill remaining area of hole with water. Once water has completely drained loosen burlap and peel down at least the top one third. If wire baskets are used, cut and bend down top third of basket. Roots that have been wrapped around the ball within the burlap shall be made to lay in as natural a manner as possible. Fill remaining area of hole with loam and thoroughly tamp to 85 percent of maximum density. Form a saucer around the edge of the backfilled hole by constructing a berm. The finish height of the compacted berm shall be 3 inches. No excess soil other than the berm will be allowed to remain within the plant saucer. Fill saucer area with water.

container. Over the prepared hole, gently loosen the soil from around the root mass. Roots that are wrapped around the ball within the container shall be made to lay in as natural a manner as possible. Spread root mass out in bottom of prepared hole and sift loam around the root mass to one-half the depth of the hole. Thoroughly tamp the loam to 85 percent of maximum density. Fill the remaining area of hole with water. On ce water has completely drained, fill remaining area of hole with loam and thoroughly tamp to 85 percent of maximum density. Form a saucer around the edge of the backfilled hole by constructing a berm. The finish height of the compacted berm shall be 3 inches. No excess soil including the berm will be allowed to remain within the plant saucer. Fill the saucer area with water.

from container. Over the prepared hole, gently l oosen the soil from around the root mass. Spread root mass out in bottom of the prepared hole and sift loam around the root mass to one-half the depth of the hole. Thoroughly tamp the loam to 85 percent of maximum density. Fill the remaining area of hole with water. Once water has completely drained, fill the remaining area of hole with loam and thoroughly tamp to 85 percent of maximum density. Form a saucer around the edge of the backfilled hole by constructing a berm. The finished height of the compacted berm shall be 3 inches. No excess soil will be allowed to remain within the plant saucer. Fill the saucer area with water.

bulbs so that loam covers the bottom half of the bulbs. Spread, by hand, bone meal over entire bulb planting bed to a rate not to exceed ½-pound per 25 square feet. Fill the remaining area of the planting bed with loam. Thoroughly tamp the loam to 85 percent of maximum density. Form a saucer around the edge of the backfilled planting bed by constructing a berm. The finish height of the compacted berm shall be 3 inches. No excess soil, including the berm, will be allowed to remain within the plant saucer. Fill saucer area with water. Once the water has completely drained, refill the saucer area with water. L.06.03.7 Watering. All plant material shall be watered as described in Subsection L.06.03.6; Planting and Backfilling, and again within 72 hours. One additional watering may be needed and will be performed at the direction of the Engineer. All watering shall be completed unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. At each watering, the soil around each plant shall be thoroughly saturated.

L−20 The following is a guide for minimum requirements:

Trees: 2½” Caliper and less - Fifteen (15) gallons each. 3” to 5” Caliper - Twenty (20) gallons each. 5½” Caliper and above - Twenty-five (25) gallons each.

Shrubs: 24” and less - Six (6) gallons each. More than 24” - Ten (10) gallons each.

Vines, Perennials, and Ornamental Grasses - Three (3) gallons each.

Groundcovers and Bulbs - Two (2) gallons per square foot.

Water shall be applied at a controlled rate and in such a manner to ensure that the water reaches the root zone (saucer) of the plant or plant bed and does not run off to or flood adjacent areas. Watering shall be completed in a manner which does not dislodge plants, erode soil or mulch, or cause damage to the saucer berm. Each saucer of individual plants on planting bed shall be completely saturated before moving on to the next site. The overhead hydroseeder spray nozzles shall not be used as watering devices. The hydroseeder can be used to transport and store water for watering operations and when a hose and nozzle are properly attached and approved by the Engineer can be used for watering operations. L.06.03.8 Mulching. Mulch shall be applied after the first watering and no later than one week after planting. All areas to be mulched shall be free of weeds, stones, and other extraneous material. Prior to the placement of mulch, the Contractor shall apply a pre-emergent weed control around all individual trees, shrubs, and shrub beds, and around all plant material to be mulched. Pre-emergent weed control shall be applied by a Rhode Island Licensed Commercial Applicator at a rate in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction and as approved by the Engineer. Mulch material shall be furnished and placed over all saucer areas of individual trees and shrubs and over the entire area of planting beds as indicated on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. All mulch material shall be placed, spread, and raked to an even finish surface. Where mulch abuts seeded or sodded areas, the edge of the planting area (for both individual trees and shrubs and bed areas) shall be cut smooth and clean. Mulch shall be placed carefully so as not to spill into adjacent areas. Any excess or spilled mulch shall be immediately removed.

no closer than 4 inches to the trunk of individual trees and shrubs in acco rdance with the Plans and these Specifications.

directed by the Engineer. Woodchips shall be placed to a depth of 3 inches and shall be no closer than 4 inches to the trunk of individual trees and shrubs in accordance with the Plans and these Specifications.

L−21 Prior to the application of woodchip mulch, the Contractor shall top dress all saucer areas for individual trees and shrubs, all shrub and vine beds, all perennials and ornamental grass beds with a 1-1-1 granular fertilizer at a rate of 2 ounces per square foot.

perennials, and ornamental grass shall be in accordance with the Plans and these Specifications with the exception of its depth. All mulch material (Pine Bark and Woodchips) shall be placed to a depth of 2 inches.

and these Specifications with the exception of its depth. All mulch material (Pine Bark and Woodchips) shall be placed to a depth of 2 inches and shall cover the entire bulb planting bed. L.06.03.9 Staking and Guying. All stakes shall be set plumb and driven firmly 3 feet into the ground. The above ground stake height shall be no more than 8 inches above the point of attachment of the guy webbing. Two stakes shall be equally spaced around the tree and shall be located outside of the planting pit in undisturbed soil. Guy webbing shall be attached to both stakes and intertwined at the tree trunk. The guy webbing shall lay flat against the tree trunk; all kinks or wrinkles shall be removed prior to final attachment. The guy webbing shall be tight enough to remove slack but shall not cause deflection or strain to the plant.

All trees, deciduous and evergreen, shall be staked unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. The guy webbing shall be attached at a point no higher than one-half the height of the tree or lower than one-third the height of the tree. Additional staking may be required and shall be at the discretion of the Engineer. The guy webbing shall be attached to the stake in a manner that the finish level of the webbing shall be parallel to the ground. Stakes and guy webbing shall present a uniform appearance when installation is complete. Stakes and guy webbing shall be removed within one year of the installation of the plants unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. L.06.03.10 Pruning. Pruning of all plants shall be performed by or under the direct supervision of a Rhode Island Licensed Arborist skilled in this work and in accordance with currently accepted horticultural practice. Only broken, dead or injured branches shall be removed. All cuts shall be made parallel to and as close to the branch or stem collar as possible. All cuts shall be made in a manner which prevents damage to the bark. Broken roots shall be pruned on the plant side of the break. The foregoing shall be performed at the time of planting. Die back shall be pruned before final acceptance. Pruning shall not deform nor destroy the typica l shape or symmetry of the plant. The leader of the tree shall not be cut unless directed by the Engineer. All pruning tools shall be disinfected, sharp, and approved by the Engineer.

L−22 Tree paint shall not be used on any cuts except on Quercus Species with a cut of 1 inch and greater.

L.06.03.11 Clean-up. All areas disturbed by planting operations shall be left in a clean and orderly condition. Excess soil and rubbish shall be disposed of in a legal, off site location. All grasses or sodded areas disturbed shall be restored to a condition satisfactory to the Engineer but shall be no less than the condition prior to the planting operation. All reseeding or sodding shall be in accordance with SECTIONS L.02 and L.03, respectively, of these Specifications. L.06.03.12 Antidesiccant Application. Antidesiccant shall be applied to plant material as specified and under the following conditions:

vines) planted during the Spring season on exposed and/or windy site or as directed by the Engineer shall receive an application of antidesiccant within ten days after the planting operation. Antidesiccant shall not be applied during periods when the temperature is 90 OF or hotter.

time of planting or planted location, shall receive an application of antidesiccant between November 15 and December 15. All antidesiccant applications shall be in accordance with the manufacturer direction for mixture and temperature range and shall not be applied in the rain. Antidesiccant application shall cover all sides of the leaf or needle. L.06.03.13 One-Year Establishment Period. All plant material shall receive a One-Year Establishment (Guarantee) Period. During this time , the Contractor shall employ currently accepted horticultural practices to keep all plant material installed in a living, healthy condition up to the date of final acceptance, which shall be one full calendar year following the satisfactory completion of the planting activities as confirmed, in writing, by the Engineer. During this period, the Contractor shall water, weed, cultivate, prune, mulch and repair, replace or readjust guy webbing and stakes, as may be required or as directed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall reshape plant saucers, repair wash outs and gullies, replace lost mulch, keep all planting sites free from weeds and do other work necessary to maintain the plant material in a healthy, growing condition. All dead, dying, or rejected plant material, as determined by the Engineer, shall be promptly removed from the project during the period of establishment, and shall be replaced by the Contractor in kind, quantity and size as originally specified, with live, healthy specimens selected and planted in accordance with these Specifications. All replacement plant material shall, from the time of installation, receive a one-year establishment period, in accordance with this Subsection.

One-Year Establishment Period tasks in the Contract have not been adequately performed as specified, the daily charge set forth in Special Provision Code L.06.1000 will be deducted from monies due the Contractor as a charge for failure to comply with this Specification. Moreover, the stated daily charge will continue each consecutiv e calendar day thereafter until the deficiencies noted have been corrected to the complete satisfaction of the Engineer.

L−23L.06.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. "Planting" will be measured by the number of each tree, shrub, vine, perennial, ornamental grass, groundcover or bulb of the specified kinds and sizes actually installed in accordance with the Plans, and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.06.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The accepted quantities of "Planting" of the various types will be paid for at the contract unit price per each such type as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment, including the one-year establishment period, and all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. SECTION L.07

EXTENDED ESTABLISHMENT PERIOD L.07.01 DESCRIPTION. This work will supersede the requirements of Subsection L.06.03.13; One-Year Establishment Period , of these Specifications. It consists of performing currently accepted horticultural practices to keep all plant material installed in a living, healthy condition up until the date of final acceptance, which date shall be three full calendar years following the satisfactory completion of the planting activities as confirmed in writing by the Engineer. Any horticultural and/or arboricultural techniques not specified herein must be approved by the Engineer. All persons acting as forepersons to the Landscape Establishment Crews must have a current Rhode Island Arborist License and Commercial Applicators License and shall be on site at all times during work activities. L.07.02 MATERIALS. Water, fertilizer, pre-emergent herbicide, mulch, antidesiccants, stakes, guy webbing, and plant material shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.18; LANDSCAPING MATERIALS . L.07.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. L.07.03.1 General. This work shall consist of the establishment of previously planted trees, shrubs, vines, perennials, ornamental grasses, ground covers, bulbs and wildflowers as shown on the Plans, in accordance with these Specifications and/or at the direction of the Engineer. Establishment tasks shall include, but shall not be limited to, watering, weeding, mulching, fertilization, pruning, mowing and replacement of dead, dying, or rejected plant material.

schedule of work for establishment activities for that year.

Establishment Crews during the contract period. All crews shall be under the direct supervision of a

L−24 person who shall possess a current Rhode Island Arborist License. Individual crew members shall be trained in current horticultural practices. Landscape Establishment Crews shall be responsible for manual and/or mechanical weed control, pruning, inspection and removal of dead or damaged plant material, planting, watering, mulching, and fertilization.

L.07.03.2 Watering. Watering of all plant material shall be performed once every two weeks for a total of thirteen times during each contract year from June 1 through October 31. Wildflower areas shall be watered once a month during each contract year from June 1 through October 31 for a total of five waterings. At each watering, the soil around each plant shall be thoroughly saturated. The following is a general guide for minimum water requirements:

Trees: 2½” Caliper and less – Fifteen (15) gallons each. 3” to 5” Caliper – Twenty (20) gallons each. 5½” Caliper and above – Twenty-five (25) gallons each.

Shrubs: 24” and less – Six (6) gallons each. More than 24” – Ten (10) gallons each. Vines, Perennials, Ornamental Grasses - Three (3) gallons each.

Bulbs and Ground Covers - Two (2) gallons per square foot.

Wildflower Areas - One (1) gallon per square foot.

Water shall be applied at a controlled rate and in such a manner to ensure that the water reaches to root zone (saucer) of the plant or plant bed and does not run off to nor flood adjacent areas. Watering shall not dislodge plants, erode soil or mulch or cause damage to the saucer berm. Each saucer or planting bed shall be completely saturated before moving on to the next site. The overhead hydroseeder spray nozzles shall not be used as a watering device. The hydroseeder can be used to transport and store water for watering operations and when a hose and nozzle are properly attached and approved by the Engineer, can be used for watering operations. All watering shall be completed regardless of weather conditions unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. L.07.03.3 Mulching. Mulch shall be placed during the second year of the Establishment Period on all individual plants and plant beds, or as directed by the Engineer. Prior to placement, all weeds, stones and other extraneous material shall be removed. The Contractor shall apply pre-emergent weed control around all individual plants and plant beds to be mulched. Pre-emergent weed control shall be applied by Licensed Rhode Island Commercial Applicator and at a rate in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. The type of mulch (Pine Bark or Woodchips) shall be as specified on the Plans and in accordance with the requirements of Paras. a and b of Subsection L.06.03.8 of these

L−25Specifications. The amount of new mulch shall result in a finish depth of 2 inches of mulch (old and new) or as directed by the Engineer. Wildflower areas shall not be mulched. L.07.03.4 Fertilization. Fertilizer shall be applied during the first and third year of the establishment period on all individual plants and plant beds or as directed by the Engineer. Fertilization shall occur between April 1 and June 15 only. Fertilizer shall be broadcast over all individual plants and plant beds at a rate of 1 ounce per square foot. Wildflower areas shall not be fertilized. L.07.03.5 Weed Control. The Landscape Establishment Crew shall manually remove all weed growth, including grass and litter from individual plants and planting beds. Woody growth, vines and other undesirable volunteers shall be removed and legally disposed of. The Contractor shall remove all woody growth, vines, and litter from wildflower areas. Weed control activities shall be performed in such a manner not to disturb or destroy plant material or mulched areas. L.07.03.6 Pruning. Pruning of all plants shall be performed in accordance with Subsection L.06.03.10 of these Specifications. L.07.03.7 Insect and Disease Control. Periodic inspection of all plantings by trained personnel is necessary to detect problems during early stages of insect infestations or disease infections. Application of all chemicals including insecticides and fungicides shall be carried out in accordance with Rhode Island State laws and only by individuals with current Rhode Island Pesticide Applicators License and shall be approved of by the Engineer prior to application. L.07.03.8 Stake and Guy Inspection and Removal. During the first year, any broken stakes and/or guy webbing shall be replaced or repaired. After the first year, the Contractor shall remove all stakes and guy webbing. The Engineer shall determine individual plants which will have stakes and guy webbing remaining beyond the first year. The Contractor shall remove these stakes and guy webbing only at the request of the Engineer. L.07.03.9 Inspection, Removal, and Replacement of Dead or Damaged Plant Material. The Contractor shall remove all dead or damaged plant material as determined by the Engineer. Removed material shall be replaced by the Contractor in kind, quantity and size as originally specified, with live, healthy specimens selected and planted in accordance with SECTION L.06; PLANTING . All replaced plant material shall be subject to the requirements of this SECTION L.07 up to, and until the end of this activity. L.07.03.10 Failure to Perform Extended Establishment Period . If the Engineer decides that the Extended Establishment Period tasks in the Contract have not been adequately performed as specified, the daily charge set forth in Special Provision Code L.07.1000 will be deducted from monies due the Contractor as a charge for failure to comply with this Specification. Moreover, the stated daily charge will continue each consecutiv e calendar day thereafter until the deficiencies noted have been corrected to the complete satisfaction of the Engineer.

L−26 L.07.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. L.07.04.1 Extended Establishment Period. The "Extended Establishment Period" shall be measured for payment per month for eight months during the work season in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.07.04.2 Watering. “Watering” shall be measured for payment per gallon actually installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.07.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. L.07.05.1 Extended Establishment Period. The "Extended Establishment Period" shall be paid for at the contract unit price per month, for eight months during the work season as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipments and for all incidentals required to finish the work completed and accepted by the Engineer. L.07.05.2 Watering. “Watering” shall be paid for at the contract unit price per gallon as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment and for all incidentals requi red to finish the work , complete and accepted by the Engineer.

SECTION L.08

TREE AND SHRUB TRIMMING L.08.01 DESCRIPTION. L.08.01.1 Tree and Shrub Trimming. This work consists of removing and disposing of all dead wood, stubs, broken or damaged branches and st ems, undesirable branches and stems from existing trees and shrubs as indicated on the Plans, in accordance with these Specifications or as directed by the Engineer. L.08.01.2 Tree Trimming for Utilities. This work consists of removing and disposing of all dead wood, stubs, broken or damaged branches and st ems, undesirable branches and stems from existing trees for the sole purpose of utility relocation as indicated on the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications. L.08.02 MATERIALS. All materials shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.18; LANDSCAPING MATERIALS .

L−27L.08.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. All tree and shrub trimming and the trimming for utilities shall be performed in accordance with currently accepted horticultural practice. All trimming shall be performed by or under the direct supervision of a Rhode Island Licensed Arborist. This work consists of removing and disposing of all dead wood, stubs, broken or damaged branches and stems, undesirable branches and stems from existing trees and shrubs as shown on the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. Any and all branches interfering with or hindering the healthy growth of the tree or shrubs shall be removed and disposed of. Any branches which may be partially dead, yet has a healthy lateral branch at least one-third the diameter of the parent branch shall be removed only beyond the healthy branch. All branches interfering with overhead clearance of vehicles or with lines of sight shall be removed as directed. All cuts shall be made parallel to and as close to the branch or stem collar as possible. All cuts shall be made in a manner which prevents damage to the bark. Pruning shall not deform nor destroy the typical shape or symmetry of the tree or shrub. All cuts shall be made with disinfected, sharp tools which shall be approved by the Engineer. Tree paint shall not be used on any cuts. The use of climbing irons or other equipment injurious to trees shall not be permitted. L.08.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. L.08.04.1 Tree and Shrub Trimming. "Tree and Shrub Trimming" will be measured by the number of manhours actually employed in trimming in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.08.04.2 Tree Trimming for Utilities. "Tree Trimming for Utilities" will be measured by the number of crew-hours actually employed in tri mming in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.08.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. L.08.05.1 Tree and Shrub Trimming. The accepted quantity of "Tree and Shrub Trimming" will be paid for at the contract unit price per manhour as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. L.08.05.2 Tree Trimming for Utilities. The accepted quantity of "Tree Trimming for Utilities" will be paid for at the contract unit price per crew-hour as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer.

L−28 SECTION L.09

SELECTIVE CLEARING L.09.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of the removal and legal disposal of trees, shrubs, vines and stumps within the area shown on the Plans, in accordance with these Specifications or as directed by the Engineer. L.09.02 MATERIALS. Herbicides shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.18; LANDSCAPING MATERIALS. L.09.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. All trees, shrubs, vines and other plant materials to remain shall be designated in the field by the Engineer. The remaining trees, shrubs, vines and stumps shall be cut off flush with ground. Trunks and branches over 8 inches in caliber shall be stacked as cordwood in 4-foot lengths or disposed of according to Subsection 201.03.1; Clearing and Grubbing , of these Specifications. Small branches, leaves, and other refuse, shall be removed and legally disposed of. All poison ivy, bull briar or other noxious weeds remaining in these areas shall receive a foliar spray of a non-selective herbicide. Application shall be carried out in accordance with the Rhode Island state laws. Non-selective herbicides shall be applied by a Licensed Rhode Island Commercial Applicator in accordance with manufac turer's instructions and shall be approved by the Engineer. All dead trees shall be removed from the area. Work shall be performed in a manner directed at enhancing the area, and the remaining natural growth shall be left undisturbed. L.09.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. "Selective Clearing" will be measured by the number of acres and fractions thereof, actually cleared and cleaned up in accordance with the Plans, and/or as directed by the Engineer. The bounds for such acreage shall be established on the ground by flagging or as otherwise directed by the Engineer. In no case shall an area designated as a "Clearing and Grubbing" area be included in measurements for payment under this item. L.09.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The accepted quantity of "Selective Clearing" will be paid for at the contract unit price per acre as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment, and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer.

L−29SECTION L.10

TREE AND SHRUB ROOT PRUNING L.10.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of both mechanical and manual pruning of existing tree and shrub roots in order to allow for the installation of new roadway and roadway features without causing extensive damage to the root syst ems of nearby plant materials. Pruning work shall be as performed at the locations indicated on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications. L.10.02 MATERIALS. All materials shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.18; LANDSCAPING MATERIALS. L.10.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer 48 hours prior to commencement of this work. All work shall take place in the presence of the Engineer. L.10.03.1 Pruning Dates. Mechanical and manual tree and shrub pruning shall take place between August 15 and June 15 of the following year. L.10.03.2 Mechanical Root Pruning. This work shall proceed prior to any excavation work within the project limits. Roots which are found during excavation, outside the des ignated mechanical root pruning area, may require hand pruning at the discretion of the Engineer. The machinery to be used shall be a Vermeer CRL-24 Rockwheel, the Vermeer V430A Root Cutter or an approved equal. Trencher equipments hall not be permitted. All hand equipment must be disinfected, sharp, and be approved by the Engineer. Mechanical root pruning shall take place 6 to 12 inches from the edge of any proposed excavation, or as designated on the Plans. The areas to be pruned will be field located prior to commencement of this item by the Contractor and the Engineer. The cut made by the specified machinery shall be 2 to 4 inches wide and 15 to 18 inches deep. The length shall be as delineated on the Plans. Paint shall not be used on wounds caused by pruning. L.10.03.3 Manual Root Pruning. This work shall proceed prior to any excavation work within the project limits. Manual root pruning shall be delineated in the field by the Engineer prior to commencement. However, manual root pruning limits may be extended to other areas at the discretion of the Engineer. Manual root pruning shall be performed with hand equipment that is disinfected, sharp, and approved by the Engineer. The Contractor shall carefully hand dig the soil from the delineated area taking care not to rip or otherwise damage the roots during the excavation process. Once located, the root(s) shall be completely exposed, by hand, and cleanly cut using hand pruning equipment.

L−30 Pruning shall be performed immediately following the exposure of root(s). After pruning the exposed root(s) shall be covered with existing soil and lightly tamped to remove air pockets. No roots shall be exposed longer than one hour. L.10.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. "Mechanical Tree and Shrub Root Pruning" and "Manual Tree and Shrub Root Pruning" will be measured by the number of linear feet of each item actually pruned in accordance with the Plans, or as directed by the Engineer. L.10.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The accepted quantities of "Mechanical Tree and Shrub Root Pruning" and "Manual Tree and Shrub Root Pruning" will be paid for at their respective contract unit prices per linear foot as listed in the Proposal. The prices so-stated constitute full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. No payment will be made for work perfo rmed when the Engineer is not present. SECTION L.11

TREE AND SHRUB PROTECTION DEVICE L.11.01 DESCRIPTION . L.11.01.1 Tree Protection Device. This work consists of applying wood framing around the trunk or trunks of the tree from the ground level to the height of 6 feet as indicated on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications. L.11.01.2 Shrub Protection Device. This work consists of applying standardized snow fencing around shrubs in a circumferential manner as indicated on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications. L.11.01.3 Drip-Line Tree Protection Device. This work shall consist of applying standardized snow fencing around the drip-line of trees in a circumferential manner as indicated on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications. L.11.02 MATERIALS. L.11.02.1 Tree Protection Device. Wood framing shall consist of no minal lumber 6 feet in length; the width and thickness shall vary from 2" x 2" to 2" x 6", depending on trunk diameter. Binding material shall consist of single strand 9-gauge wire or 1/2-inch strapping.

L−31L.11.02.2 Shrub Protection Device. Fencing shall consist of standardized snow fencing. The Contractor shall utilize standard steel posts in maintaining the position of the fencing. The steel post shall be a minimum of 6 feet in length. L.11.02.3 Drip-Line Tree Protection Device. Materials shall be as indicated above in Subsection L.11.02.2 for shrub protection devices. L.11.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. L.11.03.1 Tree Protection Device. The wood framing shall be placed around the trunk in sufficient quantity to protect the trunk from mechanical damage, wood framing members shall not be spaced greater than 4 inches apart. The binding ma terial shall be tight to prevent the wood from moving. The binding material shall not come in contact with the trunk or any portion of the tree. Under no circumstance shall nails or any other ty pe of fastener enter the tree. The wood framing shall be removed and legally disposed of when all mechanical work within the surrounding area has been completed. L.11.03.2 Shrub Protection Device. The snow fencing shall be placed around the shrub in a circumferential manner assuring a 1-foot clearance between the face of the fence and outer face of the shrub. If a 1-foot clearance is not possible, the fence shall be located as close to the shrub as needed without touching the shrub. The fence shall not be secured to the shrub in any manner. The Contractor shall utilize standard steel posts to support the snow fence. At no time shall restraining lines be secured to the shrub or to surrounding vegetative growth. The fencing shall be removed when all mechanical work within the surrounding areas has been completed. L.11.03.3 Drip-Line Tree Protection Device. The snow fencing shall be placed around the drip- line of the tree in the same manner as indicated above in Subsection L.11.03.2 for shrub protection devices. L.11.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. L.11.04.1 Tree Protection Device. "Tree Protection Device" will be measured by the number of each such unit actually installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.11.04.2 Shrub Protection Device. "Shrub Protection Device" will be measured by the number of linear feet actually installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.11.04.3 Drip-Line Tree Protection Device. "Drip-Line Tree Protection Device" will be measured by the number of linear feet actually installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.11.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. L.11.05.1 Tree Protection Device. The accepted quantity of "Tree Protection Device" will be paid for at the contract unit price per each such unit as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated

L−32 constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment, removal and disposal, and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. L.11.05.2 Shrub Protection Device. The accepted quantity of "Shrub Protection Device" will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment, removal and disposal, and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. L.11.05.3 Drip-Line Tree Protection Device. The accepted quantity of "Drip-Line Tree Protection Device" will be paid at the contract unit price per linear foot as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment, removal and disposal, and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer.

SECTION L.12

TREE CUT-OUT PAVING L.12.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of furnishing and installing paving materials (cut granite, granite cobbles, concrete pavers and bri ck pavers) in tree cut-outs around existing or new trees as indicated on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications. L.12.02 MATERIALS. Paving material (cut granite, granite cobbles, concrete pavers, brick pavers), landscape filter fabric, and stone fines shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.18; LANDSCAPING MATERIALS . L.12.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. L.12.03.1 Preparation. Prior to the installation of the landscape filter fabric, the Contractor shall insure that the subbase is at the required depth to accommodate the landscape filter fabric, stone fines bedding, and proposed paver material to meet the finish grade. The subgrade shall be compacted to 85 percent of maximum density as set forth in Subsection 202.03.3; Compaction - General , of these Specifications.

Subgrade irregularities (humps or depressions) greater than 1/4-inch in the line and grade shall be corrected during the installation of the stone fines bedding or by adjusting the subgrade with additional backfill mix. L.12.03.2 Installation. The Contractor shall install, in two pieces, the landscape filter fabric over the entire tree cut-out area. Each piece shall be cut to allow for the tree trunk. All joints shall overlap by 2 inches. The landscape filter fabric shall be installed in such a manner that the edges,

L−33on all sides shall extend vertically, around the perimeter of the tree cut-out to 1 inch of the finish grade. The stone fines setting bed shall be placed and com pacted to a finished thickness of 1 inch. Compaction shall be by a mechanical vibrator resulting in a compaction of 85 percent of maximum density. Once compacted, the top 1/4-inch shall be loosened with a hand rake. The Contractor shall place the paving material as shown on the Plans. Pavers shall be tamped firmly into the stone fine bedding, and shall m eet the required finish grade. Pavers shall be spaced a minimum of 1/8-inch and a maximum of 1/4-inch apart. Where the geometry of paving area does not allow receiving full-size units or pavers require fitting against the edges, the paver shall be cut. All pavers shall be saw cut to straight and even surfaces without chipping. Pavers with chips, cracks and/or irregularities as a result of saw cutting shall not be permitted. Once the tree cut-out has been paved, the Contractor shall spread a thin layer of stone fine bedding over the paver surface. The stone fine material shall be hosed and/or broomed into the joints between pavers and pavers and trees. Once a ll joints have been filled, the Contractor shall sweep clean all pavers and surrounding surfaces. L.12.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. "Tree Cut-Out Paving" will be measured by the number of square feet of such paving actually installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. L.12.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The accepted quantity of "Tree Cut-Out Paving" will be paid for at the contract unit price per square foot as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. Pavers with chips, cracks, voids, or other defects, shall not be accepted and shall be replaced at the expense of the Contractor. SECTION L.13

TREE WELLS AND TREE WALLS L.13.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of constructing tree wells in areas where the existing grade is to be filled and tree walls in areas where the existing grade is to be cut. Tree wells and/or tree walls shall be constructed in accordance with the lines and grades shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications.

L−34 L.13.02 MATERIALS. Stone shall conform to the requirements for stone rubble as set forth in SECTION M.14; STONE FOR MASONRY , of these Specifications. The following additions shall also apply: All new face stones shall match the shape, color, size, texture and geological composition of stones found in adjacent or adjoining walls. Gravel borrow backfill shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.01; BORROW AND AGGREGATES, of these Specifications.

Mortar shall conform to the requirements of Subsection M.04.03.5 of these Specifications.

Weep hole pipe shall be Schedule 35 perforated PVC pipe, color gray. L.13.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. L.13.03.1 Tree Walls. The location of the face of the tree wall shall be measured from the trunk of the tree. This measurement shall be equal to one-third the distance from the tree trunk to the tree's drip-line or as directed by the Engineer. Once the tree wall location has been approved by the Engineer, the Contractor shall prune the tree's root. The location of the root pruning operation shall be equal to the width of the tree wall footing plus 1 foot. Root pruning limits shall be between the wall and tree trunk and shall extend the entire length of the wall. The depth of the root pruning shall be 18 to 24 inches. All root pruning operations shall be performed in accordance with SECTION L.10 of these Specifications. L.13.03.2 Tree Wells. The location of the face of the tree well shall be measured from the trunk of the tree and shall be a minimum of 4 feet. Excavation for the tree well footing shall be no deeper than 6 inches. The width of excavation shall be equal to the width of the footing plus 6 inches measured from the face of the tree well. L.13.03.3 Wall Construction. Tree walls and tree wells shall be constructed in accordance with SECTION 911; STONE MASONRY WALLS , with the following additions:

The Contractor shall lay stones in a manner which matches the character of the adjacent or adjoining walls. Mortar joints shall be deep raked to 3 inches, measured from the face of the wall. Weep holes for tree wells shall be located 3 feet on center and 6 inches above the existing grade. Weep holes for tree walls shall be 3 feet on center and 6 inches above the proposed grade at the face of the wall. L.13.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. "Tree Wells" and "Tree Walls" shall be measured by the number of cubic yards of each item actually installed in accordance with the Plans, and/or as directed by the Engineer.

L−35 L.13.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The accepted quantities of "Tree Wells" and "Tree Walls" will be paid for at their respective contract unit prices per cubic yard as listed in the Proposal. The prices so-stated constitute full and complete compensation for all labor, materials and equipment and for all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. Root pruning shall be measured and paid for in accordance with the requirements of SECTION L.10; TREE AND SHRUB ROOT PRUNING .

SECTION L.14

HERBICIDE L.14.01 DESCRIPTION. L.14.01.1 Pre-Emergent Herbicide Application in Mulch Areas. This work consists of the application of a pre-emergent herbicide on areas to be mulched as part of new planting operations or previously mulched areas to prevent new weed gr owth within the limits of the Contract, all in accordance with these Specifications. L.14.01.2 Nonselective and Pre-Emergent Herbicide Application. This work consists of the application of either a nonselective herbicide or a pre-emergent herbicide or both herbicides to any areas where weeds are to be killed within the limits of the project, all in accordance with these Specifications. L.14.02 MATERIALS. Non-selective and pre-emergent herbicides applied shall conform to the applicable requirements of Subsection M.18.14; Herbicides . L.14.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. L.14.03.1 Pre-Emergent Herbicide Application in Mulch Areas. After the completion of mulching operations, the Contractor shall apply a pre-emergent herbicide on all mulch areas as shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. The rate of application shall be in accordanc e with manufacturer's guidelines and approved by the Engineer. All work under this item must be performed by or under the direct supervision of a Rhode Island Licensed Commercial Applicator. L.14.03.2 Nonselective and Pre-Emergent Herbicide Application. The Contractor shall apply these two herbicides to any area where weeds are to be killed within the limits of the project. The chemicals can be applied in either separate applications or in one combined application. The rate of application for each chemical will be in accordance with manufacturer's directions and approved by the Engineer.