229SECTION 231—P AINT
231.01 Description
These specifications cover a mixture of pigment in a liquid vehicle that, when applied, will dry to an opaque solid film. Use of paint in these specifications refers to the requirements for highway construction. Paint materials not specified herein shall be as specified by the manufacturer and recommended specifical - ly for or compatible with the intended application.
231.02 Materials
Paint shall not be formulated with any compounds of the heavy metals listed in 40 CFR 261.24, Table 1, except that barium sulfate is allowed. Except for barium sulfate, total heavy metal levels shall not exceed 20 times the specified regulatory limits. V olatile organic compound (VOC) content shall not exceed 2.8 pounds per gallon as applied, except zinc rich primers shall not exceed 3.5 pounds per gallon as applied. When Federal Standard (FS) color numbers are specified, they refer to color only and not to gloss requirements.
a.Paint vehicles shall conform to the following requirements: V ehicle Specification Acrylic resin 100% straight acrylic polymer dispersed in water Alkyd resin FS TT -R-266, Type I, Class A or B Linseed oil Boiled ASTM D260, Type I Heat bodied FS TT -L-201 Raw ASTM D234 Methyl ethyl ketone ASTM D740 Mineral spirits ASTM D235 Soybean oil Refined ASTM D1462 Degummed ASTM D124 Spar varnish FS TT -V -121 Toluene ASTM D841 Tricresyl-phosphate ASTM D363 V olatile thinners ASTM D235 2-ethoxyethanol acetate ASTM D3728
b.Paint pigments shall conform to the following requirements: Pigment Specification Aluminum paste ASTM D962 Carbon black ASTM D561, Type I Lamp black ASTM D209 Magnesium silicate ASTM D605 Micaceous iron oxide Processed specular hematite ore with lamellar structure that conforms to ASTM D 5532, Type I231.02 230 Organo montmorillonite Fine, creamy white powder with high gelling efficiency in a wide range of organic liquids; water content less than 30% and fineness less than 5% retained on No. 200 (75 µm sieve) Raw Sienna ASTM D765 Titanium dioxide ASTM D476, Rutile Y ellow iron oxide ASTM D768 Zinc dust ASTM D520, Type II Zinc oxide ASTM D79
231.03 Detail Requirements
Paint shall not settle excessively or cake in the container. Paint shall be readily broken up with a pad - dle or power mixer to form a smooth uniform paint of acceptable consistency and working properties having a minimum of foaming. Paint shall not thicken, liver, skim, or curdle and retain all of these properties while in storage for at least 12 months. When applied according to standard practice, paint shall show good leveling properties; be free from laps, brush marks, orange peel, sags, or other surface defects; and shall flow out to a uniform, smooth finish. Paints will be inspected, sampled, and tested in accordance with Federal Test Method Standard No. 141. Paint containers shall be plainly marked with the name of the material, date of manufacture, lot num - ber and/or batch number, Department color, quantity contained therein, and name and address of the manufacturer. A manufacturer’ s product data sheet shall also be provided with each shipment for each type of paint product supplied. The Engineer will reject any package or container not provided as specified.
a.Zinc-rich paint systems (System B) shall consist of a zinc-rich primer; an intermediate coat when recommended by the manufacturer; and a topcoat, which shall be selected from the Materials Di - vision Approved Products List, List No. 13. Zinc-acrylic-acrylic systems shall be tested in accor - dance with VTM-73. Zinc-rich-epoxy-urethane paint systems approved by the Northeast Protective Coating Committee (NEPCOAT) or those systems tested in accordance with AASHTO R-31 will be evaluated for inclusion to the Qualified Low V olatile Organic Compound Zinc Rich Paint Systems List. Primer for shop application shall be inorganic zinc and shall conform to the slip coefficient requirements of AASHTO 1995 Interim Provision, Division I, Design, Table 10.32.3C, Class B.
b.No. 14 paint, aluminum epoxy mastic, (System F) shall be a two-component, modified epoxy coating, aluminum in color.
1.Composition: Pigment shall be flake metallic aluminum and shall contain rust-inhibiting and inert pigments. The paint vehicle shall be a modified epoxy resin and curing agent and shall not contain coal tar. Paint shall be supplied as a two-package material with a 1:1 mixture ratio by volume.231.02 231 2. Physical Requirements: The epoxy mastic shall contain at least 90 percent solids by weight when tested in accordance with ASTM D1644, modified to a drying time of 72 hours at 100 degrees F . The shelf life of epoxy mastic components shall be at least 6 months. There shall be no skinning, gelling, or hard settling that does not disperse when agitated. The viscosity of mixed paints measured immediately after the blending and mixing of compo - nents shall be from 80 to 140 Kreb units at 77 ± 2 degrees F . The weight per gallon of mixed paint shall be at least 10.8 pounds at 77 ± 2 degrees F . The appearance of the dry applied film shall be bright aluminum. The epoxy mastic shall be suitable for use over properly prepared, inorganic zinc-rich primers. A mist coat may be required to minimize bubbling. Mixed paint, when thinned in accordance with the manufacturer’ s recommendations for application over wire-brushed rusty steel, shall be capable of being spray applied in one coat at a wet film thickness of 10 mils without runs or sags. The epoxy mastic, when applied in a dry film thickness of 5 mils and air dried at 75 degrees F , shall be dry to the touch within 24 hours; dry enough to handle in 48 hours; and provide a hard tough film after 5 days. The usable pot life of the mixture of components reduced as recommended shall be at least 3 hours at 70 degrees F and 1 1/2 hours at 90 degrees F . The epoxy-mastic coating shall possess such flexibility that when applied in a dry film thick - ness of 5 mils to a 1/8-inch steel panel that has been blast cleaned according to SSPC-5 and cured for 2 weeks at 75 degrees F , shall not display signs of cracking or loss of adhesion when the panel is uniformly bent 180 degrees around a mandrel 8 inches in diameter.
3.Resistance: Steel test panels conforming to ASTM D609 shall be abrasive blasted in accordance with SSPC-SP 5, exposed to the atmosphere for 30 days so that a uniform rusting occurs, and then hand cleaned with a wire brush in accordance with SSPC-SP 2. The panel shall then be spray applied with epoxy mastic to achieve a dry film thickness of 5 mils and cured in accordance with the manufacturer’ s recommendations.
a.Fresh Water: Coated panels shall be scribed down to base metal with an X having at least 2-inch legs and immersed in fresh tap water at 75 ± 5 degrees F . Upon examination af - ter 30 days of immersion, panels shall be unaffected except for discoloration of the ep - oxy-mastic coating. There shall be no blistering, softening, or visible rusting of the coat - ing beyond 1/16 inch from the edge of the scribe mark.
b.Salt Water: Panels shall be scribed down to the base metal with an X having at least 2- inch legs and immersed in a 5 percent sodium chloride solution at 75 ± 5 degrees F . Panels shall be unaffected, except for discoloration of the epoxy-mastic coating, upon inspection after 7, 14, and 30 days of immersion. There shall be no blistering, softening, or visible rusting of the coating beyond 1/16 inch from the center of the scribe mark. The sodium chloride solution shall be replenished with fresh solution after each examination.231.03 232 c. Weathering: Panels shall be tested in accordance with ASTM G23, Type D, at the beginning of the wet cycle. After 1,000 hours of continuous exposure, the coating shall show no rusting, loss of adhesion to the steel test panel, or blistering.
d.Salt Fog: Panels shall be scribed with an X having at least 2-inch legs down to base metal. Test panels shall then be tested in accordance with ASTM B117. After 1,000 hours of continuous exposure, the coating shall show no rusting or blistering beyond 1/16 inch from the center of the scribe mark or a loss of bond.
4.Packaging and Labeling: Epoxy-mastic coating shall be commercially packaged in two containers labeled “Part A” and “Part B.” Each container shall bear a label that clearly shows the manufacturer and brand name of the paint, lot number, and date of manufacture. The label on the vehicle container shall also include complete instructions for use. The container shall be coated, if necessary, to prevent attack by the paint components.
5.Application Instructions: The manufacturer’ s current printed instructions for applying aluminum epoxy-mastic coating shall be submitted to the Department for acceptance prior to application.
6.Product Certification: The manufacturer shall certify that the modified aluminum epoxy mastic has been used successfully for at least 2 years in a similar service and environment and that the material was applied in one coat at a dry film thickness of 5 mils. Successful perfor - mance shall include adhesion to steel and old coatings of the type found on bridges. The manufacturer shall submit a certified test report from an independent testing laboratory showing specific test results conforming to all quantitative and resistance test requirements herein prior to approval and use of an aluminum epoxy-mastic coating. The test report shall also contain the date of testing, lot numbers from which the data were compiled, manufactur - er’ s name, and brand name of the paint. Upon approval by the Department, the product will be placed on the Materials Division Approved Products List, List No. 21, Qualified No. 14 Aluminum Epoxy Mastic Coatings (System F) and further resistance and quantitative tests will not be required of that manufacturer for that brand name of paint unless random samples tested by the Department show nonconformance with any of the requirements herein. However, the manufacturer shall submit new certified test results whenever the manufacturing process or paint formulation is changed.
c.Colored epoxy mastic for use as a finish coat over No. 14 primer (System F) shall be supplied by the manufacturer of the primer and shall conform to the salt fog resistance requirements specified in
b.herein. Upon approval by the Department, the colored epoxy mastic will be placed on List No. 21, Qualified No. 14, Aluminum Epoxy Mastic Coatings List (System F) as an approved colored topcoat.
d.Colored urethane topcoats ffor use as a finish coat over No. 14 primer (System F) shall be an aliphatic urethane from the Materials Division Approved Products List, List No. 21, Qualified No. 14 Aluminum Epoxy Mastic Coatings (System F) as an approved colored topcoat.
e.No. 101, 102, and 103 water reducible paint (System W) shall be a one component acrylic water borne paint with a VOC of less than 2.8 pounds per gallon as applied. 231.03 233 1. Composition: No. 101 No. 102 No. 103 Min. Max . Min. Max . Min. Max . Pigment (% by weight) 20 25 35 40 10 20 Red iron oxide (86% F e2O 3) 45 Zinc phosphate 10 5 5 Phthalocyanine Blue 2 Calcium carbonate 30 Titanium dioxide (ASTM D476, Type II) 45 Magnesium silicate 12 Tinting compounds1 95 V ehicle (% by weight) 75 80 60 65 80 90 HG-54 solids 30 30 30 Water 55 55 58 Methyl carbitol 5 5 5 Texanol 2 2 5 Dibutyl phthalate 2 2 Paint Characteristics Weight per gallon (pound) 9.7 11.0 9.0 Solids by volume 35 37 30 Grind 5 5 5 Viscosity (KU) 90 100 90 100 90 100 Drying time (ASTM D1640) Set to touch (hr) 3 3 3 Drying time (hr) 24 24 24 Leneta sag 10 10 10 pH 8.0 8.5 8.0 8.5 8.0 8.5 Adhesion (ASTM 3359) 3B 3B 3B Gloss, pecular at 80 degrees 40 1Tinting compounds shall be prime-hiding pigments.
2.Mixed Paint: Mixed paint shall not liver, thicken, curdle, gel, or settle rapidly. After mixing, all coarse particles and skins shall not amount to more than 0.05 percent by weight of the total mixture when passed through a 60-mesh screen.
3.Storage Life: The paint shall not show thickening, curdling, gelling, or gassing after being stored for 1 year from date of manufacture when packaged in tightly covered unopened con - tainers at a temperature between 50 degrees and 90 degrees F .
4.Working Properties: The paint shall spray easily and show no streaking, running, or sagging when tested in accordance with Federal Test Method Standard 411, Methods 4331 and 4541. SECTION 232—PIPE AND PIPE ARCHES
232.01 Description
These specifications cover materials used for the conveyance of water, including drainage, storm water, sanitary systems, and waste water.232.01
Source: Virginia Road and Bridge Specifications, 2020 Edition. Pages 257–260 of 1,065.