522LUMBER AND TIMBER

522

5-215SECTIO N 522 – LUMBE R AND TIMBER

522.0 1 DESCRIPTION . This work shall consist of detailing, furnishing, fabricating, transporting, framing, and placing or erecting lumber, structural timber, or structural glued laminated timber , installing hardware , and applying preservative treatment. 522.0 2 MATERIALS . Materials shall meet the requirements of the following subsections: Joint Sealer, Hot Poured ................................ ................................ ............................ 707.0 2(a) Coatings for Wood ................................ ................................ ................................ .....708.0 5 Structural Lumber and Timber ................................ ................................ ................... 709.01 Miscellaneous Hardware, Shapes, and Fabricated Materials ................................ .....709.01(h) Nonstructural Lumber ................................ ................................ ................................ 709.02 Structural Glued Laminated Timber ................................ ................................ .......... 709.03 Timber Preservative ................................ ................................ ................................ ...726.01 Waterproofing Pitch ................................ ................................ ................................ ...726.0 3 Galvanizing ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 726.0 6 Unless otherwise specified, all metal parts and hardware shall be galvanized. 522.0 3 GENERA L FABRICATIO N REQUIREM ENTS . Glued laminated timber furnished under this section shall be fabricated by an AITC or APA -EWS licensed laminator and shall comply with ANSI/AITC A190.1 . In addition to being a licensed laminator, the fabricator shall have been in continuous operation for at least five years, and shall demonstrate the capability to fabricate the end products specified. Unless otherwise specified, all material shall be fabricated prior to preservative treatment. Dimensions and bolt hol e locations of prefabricated material shall be within a tolerance of 1/16 inch of the details specified. 522.0 4 SUBMITTALS . Unless otherwise specified, as soon as practical after award of the Contract, the Contractor shall prepare and submit fabrication d rawings for glued laminated timber in accordance with Subsection 105.06 . The Contractor shall prepare and submit construction drawings for structural timber erection in accordance with Subsection 105.06 . The erection plan shall include methods and sequenc e of structural timber erection, temporary bracing requirements, the equipment to be used for the erection, the necessary computations to indicate the magnitude of stress in the segments during erection and to demonstrate that all of the erection equipment has adequate capacity for the work to be performed, and provisions for all stages of construction, including temporary stoppages. The Contractor shall follow the erection plan as approved .

522 5-216 522.0 5 STORAGE . Timber, lumber, and glued laminated materials stored on the site shall be kept in orderly piles, open stacked, and on supports that provide at least 12 inches of ground clearance. For outside storage, the ground area in the vicinity of the material shall be cleared of grass, weeds, and rubbi sh. Free circulation of air shall be provided between the tiers and courses for untreated timber. Treated timber shall be stacked together, with no separation between the tiers and courses. Free circulation of air shall be provided between the pile and the ground for both treated and untreated timber. Timber, lumber, and glued laminated timber (treated or untreated) shall be stored under cover. The covering shall adequately protect these materials from direct and blowing rain or snow while providing for ful l circulation of air and adequate drainage. All timber, lumber , and glued laminated timber (treated or untreated) shall meet the requirements of Subsection 709.01(b) before being incorporated into the work. All glued laminated timber shall meet the moistur e requirements of Subsection 709.03(b) at the time laminations are glued. Fabricated material shall be stored in a manner that will prevent dimensional changes in the members prior to assembly. 522.0 6 HANDLING . Materials shall be carefully handled to avoi d damaging the edges or surface and to keep them clean. Materials shall be picked up or moved with slings or other devices that will not damage or mar the surface. Peavies, cant hooks, timber dogs, or other pointed tools will not be permitted. Cranes, lifting devices, and other equipment for all structural timber erection shall be of adequate design and capacity to safely erect, align, and secure all members and components in their final positions without damage. The Contractor is solely responsible for the methods and equipment employed for the erection of the structural timber members. 522.0 7 FRAMING . Timber, lumber, and glued laminated timber shall be accurately cut and framed to a close fit in such a manner that the joints will have full and even bearing over the entire contact surface. Mortises shall be true to size for their full depth, and tenons shall fit snugly. Except as indicated in the Contract, shimming will not be permitted in making joints, and open joints will not be accepted. Nai ls and spikes shall be driven with the heads set flush with the surface of the wood. Except as directed by the Engineer, structure framing and boarding shall be constructed square, plumb, and straight. When permitted by the Engineer, forms or temporary bra ces may be attached to treated material. Upon removal, any holes, cuts, or abrasions shall be treated in accordance with Subsection 522.13 .

522 5-217 522.0 8 CONNECTIONS .

be bored with a bit 1/16 inch less in diameter than the drift -bolt or dowel to be used. The diameter of holes for square metal drift-bolts or dowels shall be equal to the least dimension of the drift -bolt or dowel. Except as required for timber connectors in Subsection 522.08(d) , holes for machine bolts shall be bored with a bit the same diameter as the bolt. Holes for round wood dowels or trunnels shall be bored with a bit the same diameter as the dowel. Holes for rods shall be bored with a bit 1/16 inch greater in diameter than the rod. Lead holes for lag screws, wood screws , and spikes shall conform to requirements specified in the AITC Timber Construction Manual .

treated lumber and timber formed for countersinking shall be treated in accordance with AWPA Standard M4 . Recesses likely to collect injurious materials shall be filled with a waterproof material as directed by the Engineer.

nuts that would otherwise come in contact with wood. All nuts shall be effectively locked after they have been finally tightened.

connectors may be the split ring, shear plate, or spike grid type. The split ring and shear plate types shall be installed in precut grooves of dimensions as recommended by the manufacturer. The spike grid type shall be forced into the contact surfaces of the wood members joined by means of pressure equipment. All connectors of this type at any given joint shall be embedded simultaneously and u niformly. Bolt holes shall be perpendicular to the face of the material and 1/16 inch larger in diameter than the bolt.

Construction Specifications .

522 5-218 522.0 9 TRUSSES . Trusses, when completed, shall show no irregularities of line. Chords shall be straight and true from end to end in horizontal projection and, in vertical projection, shall show a smooth curve through panel points conforming to the correct camber. All bearing surfaces shall fit accurately. Uneven or rough cuts at the points of bearing shall be cause for rejection of the piece containing the defect. 522.1 0 TRUSS HOUSING . The finished appearance of the housing is considered of primary importance. Special care shall be taken to secure a high quality of work and finish on this portion of the structure. Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, housing and railings shall be constructed after the removal of the falsework and the adjustment of th e trusses to correct alignment and camber. 522.1 1 DECKING .

Unless otherwise specified, all material shall be surfaced four sides (S4S). Single layer plank floors shall consist of a single thickness of dimension lumber planks supported by stringers or floor beams. The planks shall be laid heart side down, with 1/4 inch openings between them. Each plank shall be securely fastened to each supporting member. The planks shall be carefully graded as to thickness and so laid that no two adjacent planks vary in thickness by more than 1/16 inch. Unless otherwise specified, the lengths of transverse planks on stringers shall be full width of the designed cross -section. Two-ply plank floors shall consist of two layers of dimension lumber planks supported on stringers or floor beams. Each plank of the top course shall be securely fastened to the lower course. At the ends of the bridge, if required, the decking shall be be veled to match the approach surfaces. For stringer supports, the top course of planks may be laid either diagonal or parallel to the centerline of roadway. Joints in the top layer shall be staggered at least 3 feet and care shall be taken to securely faste n the ends of each plank. For floor beam supports, unless otherwise specified, the lengths of transverse top course planks shall be full width of the designed cross -section.

accordance with the Contract or as ordered by the Engineer. Deck material shall be of the grade specified. Unless otherwise specified, in transverse applications the lengths of laminations shall be the full width of the designed cross -section.

522

5-219Spike placement in laminated decks shall follow the requirements of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge

Design Specifications, Section 9 . Spikes shall be placed in pilot holes that are bored through pairs of laminations at each end and at intervals of not more th an 12.0 inches. The spikes shall be driven alternately near the top and bottom edges of the laminations and shall be of sufficient length to fully penetrate four laminations. Laminations shall not be butt spliced within their unsupported length. Drive spik e spacing at ship -lap joints shall be as shown on the Plans. When timber nailing strips are used, every other plank shall be toe -nailed to every other nailing strip. The size of the spikes shall be as shown on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer. Whe n shown on the Plans or authorized by the Engineer, the laminated decking may be attached to steel supports by using approved metal clips. Care shall be taken to have each strip vertical and tight against the preceding one and bearing evenly on all supports.

accordance with the Contract, approved fabrication drawings, or as directed by the Engineer.

522.12SAWN LUMBER STRINGERS. Stringers shall be sized at bearings and shall be placed in

position so that knots near edges will be in the compression portions of the stringers.

Outside stringers may have butt joints over intermediate supports with the ends cut on a taper, but interior

stringers shall be lapped to take bearing over the full width of the floor beam or cap at each end. The

lapped ends of untreated stringers shall be separated at least 1/2 inch for the circulation of air and shall be

securely fastened by drift-bolting where specified. When stringers are two panels in length, the joints shall

be staggered.

Cross-bridging between stringers shall be neatly and accurately framed and securely toe-nailed with at

least two nails in each end. All cross-bridging members shall have full bearing at each end against the

sides of stringers. Unless otherwise specified, cross-bridging shall be placed at the center of each span.

522.13PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT

type of preservative specified in the Contract. Prior to handling or erecting pressure treated timber,

lumber, or glued laminated timber the Contractor shall read and provide a copy of any safety data

sheets (or consumer information sheets) required for the material to the Engineer. The Contractor

shall also provide the Engineer with a plan detailing clean-up, storage, and disposal procedures for

pressure treated sawdust and cutoffs.

522

All preservative treatment shall adhere to the recommendations of AASHTO M 133 and the

American Wood Protection Association.

shall be treated in accordance with AWPA Standard M4. Cuts and abrasions shall be

carefully trimmed prior to treatment. Holes left unfilled shall be filled with wooden plugs

treated in accordance with AWPA Standard M4.

attach temporary forms or bracing to treated material shall be filled by driving galvanized

nails or spikes flush with the surface or plugging the holes with wooden plugs treated in

accordance with AWPA Standard M4.

laminated timber, all cuts, notches, bore holes, contact surfaces and other areas specified by the

Contract shall be treated in accordance with AWPA Standard M4.

furnished, prepared, and applied in accordance with AWPA Standard M4.

522.14PAINTING. The surface of any material to be painted or stained shall be dry and free of dirt, dust,

oil, or other foreign materials. Unless otherwise specified, all surfaces shall be coated with a prime coat

and one finish coat.

522.15METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. The quantity of Structural Lumber and Timber, Untreated;

Structural Lumber and Timber, Treated; Nonstructural Lumber, Untreated; Nonstructural Lumber,

Treated; and Structural Glued Laminated Timber to be measured for payment will be the number of

thousand feet board measure (MFBM) incorporated into the complete and accepted work, as computed

from the actual cross-section sizes and the actual in-place lengths of members. The final accepted in-place

length of any member will be determined as the maximum length of a member as projected along one

edge-line, measured to the next whole 1-foot increment. Further measurement will not be made for cutoffs

or actual stock lengths. For bridges requiring completely new materials for longitudinal nail-laminated

decking, longitudinal plank decking, runners, or roof boards, member length will be measured as the

overall superstructure length of the in-place decking, runners, or roof boards, rounded to the next whole

1-foot increment.

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522.16BASIS OF PAYMENT. The accepted quantities of Structural Lumber and Timber, Untreated;

Structural Lumber and Timber, Treated; Nonstructural Lumber, Untreated; Nonstructural Lumber,

Treated; and Structural Glued Laminated Timber will be paid for at the Contract unit prices per thousand

feet board measure (MFBM). Payment for each quantity will be full compensation for detailing,

fabricating, furnishing, transporting, handling, placing or erecting, and painting or treating the material

specified, including all hardware and timber connectors; for providing all falsework, forms, bracing,

sheeting, or other timber used for erection purposes; for furnishing and implementing the erection plan,

when required; and for furnishing all labor, tools, equipment, and incidentals necessary to complete the

work.

Partial payments for Structural Glued Laminated Timber will be made as follows:

timbers to the project, provided the materials are acceptable and certified.

work accepted.

Payment will be made under:

Pay Item Pay Unit

522.2000 Structural Lumber and Timber, Untreated ................................................MFBM

522.2500 Structural Lumber and Timber, Treated ...................................................MFBM

522.3000 Nonstructural Lumber, Untreated .............................................................MFBM

522.3500 Nonstructural Lumber, Treated .................................................................MFBM

522.4000 Structural Glued Laminated Timber .........................................................MFBM

524

5-222SECTIO N 524 – JOINT SEALER

524.0 1 DESCRIPTON . This work shall consist of furnishing and placing a joint sealer of the type specified at the locations shown on the Plans. 524.0 2 MATERIALS . Materials shall meet the requirements of the following subsections: Joint Sealer, Hot Poured ................................ ................................ ............................ 707.0 2(a) Joint Sealer, Cold Poured ................................ ................................ ........................... 707.0 2(b) Backer Rod ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 707.0 2(c) Joint Sealer, Polyurethane ................................ ................................ .......................... 707.0 3 Asphaltic Plug Joints for Bridges ................................ ................................ .............. 707.1 3 524.0 3 TEMPERATUR E LIMITATIONS . The joint sealer shall be applied per the manufacturer’s recommendations, however, the ambient air and pavement temperatures shall be greater than 40°F at the time of application. 524.0 4 SAWED JOINTS . Roadway or bridge deck joints shall be formed by means of concrete floor sawing equipment capable of dry -cutting the designed joint in a single pass. The joint shall be cut and sealed in one continuous operation. The sawe d joint shall not be exposed to traffic until after the sealer has been placed, cured, and is not subject to picking. Joints sawn in bituminous concrete pavement shall be filled and sealed with hot poured or cold poured joint seale r or asphaltic plug joint binder, appropriate backer rod, and an approved bond breaker. When placing new bituminous concrete pavement, each lift of pavement shall be scored with a single blade cut to a depth of 75% of the lift thickness, at the location of the center of the proposed joint. This work shall be completed prior to exposing the lo cation to traffic or, where traffic is not maintained, the same working day that the lift of pavement is placed. The sawed joint in the newly placed wearing course shall be cut and sealed within 24 hours of paving. If the joint location will not be exposed to traffic, the Engineer may allow the Contractor an additional 48 hours to cut and seal the joint. The width of the sawed joint shall be as shown on the Plans or may be adjusted by the Engineer for seasonal temperature variations. The depth of the sealan t shall be approximately 50% of the width of the sawn joint when hot or cold poured materials are specified in the Contract. The equipment for sawing the single blade cut shall be on the project and approved by the Engineer prior to beginning paving operations.