7-29 SECTION 707 – JOINT MATERIALS
707.01 MORTAR . Mortar shall be a hydraulic -cement grout meeting the following requirements:
a.General Requirements . Mortar shall be composed of cement in accordance with Subsection 701.02 , sand in accordance with Subsection 704.01 or Subsection 704.13 , and water in accordance with Subsection 745.01 , unless otherwise specified. Chemical admixtures shall be in accordance with Subsection 725.02 and mineral admixtures shall be in accordance with Subsection 725.03 for the respective admixture used, as required. Masonry cement shall be in accordance with ASTM C91 for the type specified. Hydrated lime shall be in accordance with ASTM C207 . Contractor blended mortars shall be proportioned on site with sufficient water to form a stiff plastic composition. Packaged pre -blended mortars shall be prepared and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Mortar shall not be re -tempered after it has begun to set.
b.Mortar, Type I . Type I mortar shall be composed of 1 part cement, 2 parts sand, and sufficient water to form a plastic composition.
c.Mortar, Type II . Type II mortar shall meet one of the following requirements:
1.A packaged pre -blended dry mortar in accordance with ASTM C1714 , Type S; or
2.A Contractor blended mortar composed of 1 part cement, 2 -1/2 parts sand, and 1/2 part hydrated lime; or
3.A Contracto r blended mortar composed of 1 part Type S masonry cement and 2 -1/2 parts sand.
d.Mortar, Type III . Type III mortar is generally used as a grout to fill around slope stabilization nails. It may also be used for rock slope stabilization rock dowels, rock anchors, shear keys and rock nails. It shall be a neat material meeting the following requirements:
1.Compressive Strength . Type III mortar shall have a minimum compressive strength of 1,500 psi at 3 days and a minimum compressive strength of 3,500 psi a t 28 days as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 106 . 7-30 (e) Mortar, Type IV . Type IV mortar shall be a non -shrink hydraulic -cement grout with resistance to rapid freezing and thawing exhibiting no more than an 8% loss in mass (weight) after 300 cycles as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 161, Procedure A , and meeting one of th e following requirements:
1.Pre-Packaged . A packaged, dry, hydraulic -cement grout in accordance with ASTM C1107 , at standard conditions, and one of the products listed on the Agency’s Approved Products List ; or
2.Ready Mixed . A ready mixed, hydraulic -cement grout with an approved mix design conforming to ASTM C1107 for compressive strengths and height change of hardened hydraulic -cement mortar. Mix designs for Type IV mortar shall be submitted to the Structural Concrete Engineer for approval and shall i nclude the following:
a.Mortar Type .
b.Aggregates .
1.Source
2.Moisture condition (SSD or dry weight)
3.Gradation
4.Specific gravity
5.Absorption
c.Cement .
1.Cementitious type (Type II or Type III)
2.Cementitious weight
i.Cement weight ii. Pozzolan weight (if applicable) 7-31 d. Volumetric Quantities .
1.Volumetric quantities of each material
2.Target water volume
3.Maximum water -cementitious ratio
e.Admixtures .
1.Type
2.Product name
3.Dosage
i.Liquid or dry ii. Volume or weight as applicable
f.Test Data .
1.Compressive strengths at 3, 7, and 28 days
2.Height changes at 1, 3, 14, and 28 days
3.Freeze -thaw durability Testing shall be performed by a laboratory accredited in the respective test methods. The Structural Concrete Engine er will provide a response to the submitted mix design within 14 calendar days of receipt. Approved mix designs will be allowed consecutive re -approval if no material proportions or material sources have changed from the previous year’s approved mix design and the mix design is submitted with updated aggregate properties and volumes adjusted accordingly. The aggregate properties shall be tested within 14 months of the mix design submission. The properties to be tested shall include, but not be limited to, s pecific gravity and absorption.
f.Mortar, Type V . Type V mortar shall meet one of the following requirements:
1.A packaged pre -blended dry mortar in accordance with ASTM C1714 , Type N; or
2.A Contractor blended mortar composed of 1 part cement, 2 -1/2 parts sand, and 1 part hydrated lime; or 7-32 (3) A Contractor blended mortar composed of 1 part Type N masonry cement, 2 -1/2 parts sand, and sufficient water to form a stiff plastic composition.
g.Mortar, Type VI . Type VI mortar shall meet one of the following requirements:
1.A packaged pre -blended dry mortar in accordance with ASTM C1714 , Type M; or
2.A Contractor blended mortar composed of 1 part cement, 2 -1/2 parts sand, and 1 part hydrated lime; or
3.A Contractor blended mortar compos ed of 1 part Type M masonry cement, 2 -1/2 parts sand, and sufficient water to form a stiff plastic composition.
707.02 JOINT SEALER, POURABLE . Pourable joint sealer shall meet the following requirements:
a.Joint Sealer, Hot Poured . This material shall consist of a hot applied, single -component, low - modulus, elastic sealant meeting the requirements of ASTM D6690, Type II or Type IV as specified in the Contract.
b.Joint Sealer, Cold Poured . This material shall consist of a cold app lied, two -component, low - modulus, elastic sealant capable of 200% elongation at -20°F when placed in a typical joint configuration.
c.Backer Rod . Backer rod shall be 100% watertight, closed -cell, non -gassing, polyethylene, polyolefin, or other suitable m aterial that does not react chemically with the sealant. It shall be compatible with the sealant applied at temperatures up to 410°F, shall remain stable down to a temperature of -20°F, and shall not cause bubbling of the sealant bead. The backer rod shall be approximately 1/8 inch larger in diameter than the width of the joint in which it is used.
707.03 JOINT SEALER, POLYURETHANE . Polyurethane joint sealer shall consist of a single component
or two -component, cold -applied, polyurethane, elastomeric compo und for use in expansion joints with widths of up to 6 inches. The sealer shall be suitable for installation at temperatures above 45°F and below 80°F, self-leveling where used in horizontal joints, capable of filling the joint completely without the forma tion of air holes or other discontinuities, and non -sagging or not subject to flow when placed in vertical or inclined joints. The sealer shall cure by chemical reaction between the two components or by reaction with moisture from the atmosphere.
a.Prime r. When recommended by the manufacturer, a primer system shall be used to ensure adhesion to steel, concrete, epoxy, epoxy mortar, or granite under all conditions. The primer system shall be furnished by the sealer manufacturer. 7-33 (b) Filler Material . A foa m spacer (backing) or filler material shall be used where shown on the Plans. The foam spacer shall be a closed -cell polyethylene or PVC foam, recommended by the manufacturer of the joint sealer and acceptable to the Engineer.
c.Bond Breaker . A suitable bond breaker shall be applied to those surfaces shown on the Plans. The bond breaker shall be polyethylene -coated tape or other substitute acceptable to the Engineer.
d.Proportioning and Mixing . When required, proportioning and mixing shall be accomplish ed strictly according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
e.Packaging . The joint sealer materials shall be delivered to the project in suitable containers for handling and shall be sealed or otherwise protected from contamination. The containers shall be clearly labeled with the following information:
1.Name and address of the manufacturer
2.Name of the product or component identification
3.Batch number
4.Date of manufacture The manufacturer shall furnish to the Engineer comp lete instructions for the storage, proportioning, mixing, handling, joint preparation, joint installation procedures, and complete SDS information for each shipment.
f.Performance Requirements for Two -Component Materials . The joint sealer system, consist ing of sealer and primer, shall meet the requirements of ASTM C920 .
g.Performance Requirements for Single -Component Materials . The joint sealer system shall meet the requirements of ASTM C920 .
707.04 JOINT SEALER, PREFORMED NEOPRENE . Preformed neoprene joint sealer shall conform to the
requirements of ASTM D2628 . The lubricant -adhesive shall be of the formulation recommended by the manufacturer for the kind of material adjacent to the joint sea ler. The Contractor shall furnish representative samples of joint sealer, lubricant -adhesive, or other components at no additional cost to the Agency for laboratory testing, when requested by the Engineer. Any material not conforming to this subsection at the time of application or which has been improperly stored or which has exceeded the stated shelf life will be rejected. Lubricant -adhesive shall not be used beyond one year following its date of manufacture or if the container has been previously opened. 7-34 707.05 PREFORMED FABRIC MATERIAL . Preformed fabric material shall be a multi -layered sheet composed of multiple plies of 15 ounces per square yard (± 5%) polyester fabric laminated with butadiene acrylonitrile, and vulcanized to form an integral laminate . The physical properties of the laminate shall meet the material requirements in Table 707.05A . TABLE 707.05A – PREFORMED FABRIC PROPERTIES Property Number of Plies 2 3 5 – 8 Min. mass (weight) per unit area (lbs/ft2) 0.75 0.85 4.00 Min. thickness (in.) 1/8 5/32 3/4 Min. ultimate tensile strength (lbs/in. of width) 800 1,200 2,000 Max. elongation at ultimate tensile strength (%) 30 30 30 Max. elongation at 10% of ultimate tensile strength (%) 3 3 3
707.06 PREFORMED JOINT FILLER, CORK, AND ASPHALT -TREATED FELT . Preformed cork joint
filler shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 153, Type II unless otherwise specified. Asphalt - treated felt shall conform to AASHTO M 213 unless otherwise specified.
707.07 PREFORMED JOINT FILLER, CLOSED -CELL FOAM . Preformed joint filler shall be a closed -
cell polyethylene, polypropylene, or PVC foam, pre -molded to a semi -rigid consistency and meeting the performance requirements of ASTM D7174, Type I when tested in accordance with ASTM D545 .
707.08 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) WATERSTOP . PVC waterstop shall be manufactured from
virgin PVC resin with the addi tion of only those plasticizers, stabilizers, or other materials needed to ensure that, when the material is compounded, it will meet the requirements of this subsection. No reclaimed, scrap, or reprocessed PVC shall be used. The finished waterstop shall c onform to the requirements of Table 707.08A . 7-35 TABLE 707.08A – PVC WATERSTOP PROPERTIES Property Test Method Min. Max. Tensile strength (psi) ASTM D638 , Type IV 1,400 -- Ultimate elongation (%) ASTM D638 , Type IV 250 -- Low temperature brittleness ASTM D746 [Note 1] -- Durometer hardness – Shore Type A ASTM D2240 60 80 Stiffness in flexure (psi) ASTM D747 400 -- Alkali resistance (10% NaOH) mass (weight) change (%) ASTM D543 -0.10 +0.25 Durometer hardness change -- -5 +5 1 No cracking or chipping shall be permitted on three specimens at -20F.
707.09 RUBBER GASKETS . Rubber gaskets for culvert pipe joints shall conform to ASTM C990 .
707.10 JOINT SEALER, BUTYL RUBBER TAPE . Butyl rubber tape joint sealer shall be a flexible plastic
gasket conforming to the requirements of ASTM C990 . The sealant shall be in roll form with release paper backing dimensioned to the width and thickness specified.
707.11 ALUMINUM FILLED SILICONE SEALANT . Aluminum filled silicone sealant is generally used
to protect the surfaces of aluminum alloy in contact with other metals, wood, or Portland cement concrete. The compound shall be filled with aluminum flake or powder , be electrically conductive, and shall be of such consistency and have such properties that it can be readily applied with a trowel, putty knife, or caulking gun without pulling or drawing. Aluminum filled silicone sealant shall meet the approval of the Engineer.
707.12 PREFORMED JOINT FILLER . Preformed joint filler shall have the following properties:
a.Preformed Joint Filler, Bituminous Type . Bituminous type preformed joint filler shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 33 or AASHTO M 213 .
b.Preformed Joint Filler, Closed -Cell Polypropylene Type . Closed -cell polypropylene type preformed joint filler shall conform to the requirements of Table 707.12A . 7-36 TABLE 707.12A – CLOSED -CELL POLYPROPYLENE JOINT FILLER PROPERTIES Property Test Method Requirement Water absorption (volume) ASTM D545 < 1.0% Compression strength (to 50%) ASTM D545 35 – 50 psi Compression recovery (from 50%) ASTM D545 > 80% Extrusion (at 50%) ASTM D545 < 0.1 in. Density ASTM D545 > 3.5 lbs/ft3 Heat resistance at 392°F ± 5°F (shrinkage) ASTM D5249 < 1.0% UV weathering (1,000 h ours, Cycle A - 340 nm) ASTM D4329 No observable change or cracking Freeze -thaw resistance (300 cycles) ASTM C666 No visual change, less than 10% tensile strength change
707.13 ASPHALTIC PLUG JOINTS FOR BRIDGES . Asphaltic plug joints for bridges shall be single or
multiple layer systems consisting of asphaltic binder, aggregate, closed cell foam expansion joint filler, and steel bridging plate, as applicable. Asphaltic plug joints shall be in accordance with ASTM D6297 and shall be one of the products listed on the Agency’s Approved Products List .
707.14 CONCRETE BONDING SYSTEMS . Concrete bonding systems shall conform to the requirements
of ASTM C881 .
707.15 ASPHALTIC PLUG JOINT BINDER . Asphaltic plug joint binder shall be a thermoplastic
polymeric -modified asphalt in accordance with ASTM D6297 and shall be one of the products listed on the Agency’s Approved Products List .
707.16 JOINT SEALANT, ELASTOMERIC . Elastomeric joint sealants shall be Type S, Grade NS, and
Class 100/50 in accordance with ASTM C920 . The sealant shall exhibit no staining as determined in accordance with ASTM C1248 for the applicable porous substrate.
707.17 JOINT SEALANT, LATEX . Latex joint sealants shall be Type OP, Grade -18°C, in accordance with
ASTM C834 . Sealants shall be ozone, ultraviolet, mildew, mold, and snow resistant. 7-37 SECTIO N 708 – COATINGS , STAINS , AND TRAFFI C MARKIN G MATERIALS 708.0 1 GENERA L REQUIREMENTS .
a.Qualities and Characteristics . All paints shall be ready -mixed in accordance with the specific formulas from ingredients that meet the requirements described below. The paints shall be free of coarse particles, skins, water, and other foreign and objectionable matter except where tolerances have been allowed. The paints shall not skin over, thicken, liver, settle out excessively, or cake in the container in storage and shall be readily broken up with a paddle into a smooth, uniform consistency. No rosin or rosin derivatives shall be added to the paints, but beneficial agents such as antioxidants or wetting aids may be added. Ready -mixed pa ints that have hardened on standing or otherwise deteriorated to any extent will not be acceptable. All paints shall be suitable for use in airless spray equipment.
b.Packaging . Ready -mixed paints shall be shipped in strong, new, airtight containers. All containers of paint shall be clearly labeled with the following information:
1.Name and address of the manufacturer
2.Manufacturer’s batch number
3.Date of manufacture
4.Vermont paint number, name, and color
5.Volume of contents Containers sha ll be clearly marked to indicate any hazards connected with the use of the paint and the protective measures that should be provided to prevent injury to the health of workers.
c.Approval . No paint or stain shall be used until it has been approved by the Agency’s Materials Testing and Certification Section.
Source: Vermont Standard Specifications for Construction, 2024 Edition. Pages 1181–1188 of 1,380.