7-8 SECTIO N 704 – AGGREGATES
704.01 FINE AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE . Fine aggregate for concrete shall consist of natural
sand, manufactured sand, or stone screenings washed in an approved manner or a combination thereof. Fine aggregate shall consist of clean, hard, durable grains, unifo rmly graded from coarse to fine, shall be free from detrimental amounts of organic matter or other harmful substances, and shall be obtained from approved sources.
a.Grading . Fine aggregate for concrete shall meet the gradation requirements of Table 704. 01A as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27. TABLE 704.01A – GRADATION OF FINE AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves 3/8 inch (9.50 mm) 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 95 – 100 No. 16 (1.18 mm) 50 – 80 No. 30 (0.600 mm) 25 – 60 No. 50 (0.300 m m) 10 – 30 No. 100 (0.150 mm) 2 – 10 The fineness modulus on that portion of material passing the 3/8 inch (9.50 mm) sieve shall be determined by laboratory sieve tests. The fineness modulus is defined as the summation of the percentages of sand retained on the No. 100 (0.150 mm), No. 50 (0.300 mm), No. 30 (0.600 mm), No. 16 (1.18 mm), No. 8 (2.36 mm), and No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieves, divided by 100. The minimum and maximum fineness moduli shall be 2.30 and 3.10, respectively. Fine aggregate from any one source for any one designated mix having a variation in fineness modulus greater than 0.20 from the fineness modulus of a representative sample proposed for use may be rejected.
b.Organic Impurities . Fine aggregate for concrete shall have an organic plate number of two or less as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 21 . 7-9 (c) Compressive Strength of Mortar . When sand or a combination of stone screenings and sand is mixed with Portland cement in th e proportion of one part of cement to three parts of sand (or of the combination of stone screenings and sand) by mass (weight), according to the standard method of making 2 inch cubes, the resulting mortar at the ages of 3 days and 7 days shall have a compressive strength of at least 100% of that developed in the same time by mortar of the same proportions and flow, made of the same cement and graded Ottawa sand, when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 106 .
d.Soundness . A soundness test shall be performe d on the aggregate in accordance with AASHTO T 104. The weighted average percentage of loss shall be not more than 8% by mass (weight) when subjected to five cycles of the sodium sulfate soundness test.
704.02 COARSE AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE . Coarse aggrega te for concrete shall consist of
clean, hard, crushed stone or washed crushed gravel free of deleterious material. Crushed stone and crushed gravel shall not be blended in the stockpile. It shall be obtained from approved sources and shall meet the followi ng requirements:
a.General Requirements . Coarse aggregate for concrete shall meet the requirements of Table 704.02A . TABLE 704.02A – COARSE AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE PROPERTIES Property Test Method Requirement Percent wear (igneous) AASHTO T 96 50% max. Percent wear (all other) AASHTO T 96 35% max. Flat and elongated particles (1:5 ratio) ASTM D4791 10% max. Soundness (5 cycles, sodium sulfate solution) AASHTO T 104 8% max. Angularity (one fractured face) AASHTO T 335 100% min. Angularity (two fractured faces) AASHTO T 335 50% min. 7-10 (b) Coarse Aggregate for Concrete, 3/8 Inch . The gradation of 3/8 inch coarse aggregate for concrete shall meet the requirements of Table 704.02B as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27 . TABLE 704.02B – GRADATION OF COARSE AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE, 3/8 INCH Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves 1/2 inch (12.5 mm) 100 3/8 inch (9.50 mm) 85 – 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 10 – 30 No. 8 (2.36 mm) 0 – 10 No. 16 (1.18 mm) 0 – 5
c.Coarse Aggregate for Concrete, 3/4 Inch . The gradation of 3/4 inch coarse aggregate for concrete shall meet the requirements of Table 704.02C as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27 . TABLE 704.02C – GRADATION OF COARSE AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE, 3/4 INCH Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves 1 inch (25.0 mm) 100 3/4 inch (19.0 mm) 90 – 100 3/8 inch (9.50 mm) 20 – 55 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 0 – 10 No. 8 (2.36 mm) 0 – 5
d.Coarse Aggregate for Concrete, 1 -1/2 Inch . The gradation of 1 -1/2 inch coarse aggregate for concrete shall meet the requirements of Table 704.02D as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27. TABLE 704.02D – GRADATION OF COARSE AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE, 1 -1/2 INCH Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves 2 inch (50.0 mm) 100 1-1/2 inch (37.5 mm) 95 – 100 3/4 inch (19.0 mm) 35 – 70 3/8 inch (9.50 mm) 10 – 30 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 0 – 5 7-11 704.03 AGGREGATE FOR RAILROAD BALLAST . Aggregate for railroad ballast shall be granite, traprock, or quartzite, free of carbonates and slag, and meet the requirements of AREMA Chapter 1, Section 2.3 . and AREMA Chapter 1, Section 2. 4. Aggregate for railroad ballast shall meet the following gradation requirements in accordance with AREMA Table 1 -2-1 for the respective size number :
a.Aggregate for Railroad Ballast, Type 3 . Type 3 aggregate for railroad ballast shall be size number 3.
b.Aggregate for Railroad Ballast, Type 4 . Type 4 aggregate for railroad ballast shall be size number 4.
c.Aggregate for Railroad Ballast, Type 5 . Type 5 aggregate for railroad ballast shall be size number 5.
704.04 GRAVEL FOR SUBBASE . Gra vel for subbase shall consist of material reasonably free from silt,
loam, clay, and organic matter. It shall be obtained from approved sources and shall meet the following requirements:
a.Grading . Gravel for subbase shall meet the gradation requirements of Table 704.04A as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27 and AASHTO T 11 . TABLE 704.04A – GRADATION OF GRAVEL FOR SUBBASE Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves No. 4 (4.75 mm) 20 – 60 No. 100 (0.150 mm) 0 – 12 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 0 – 6
b.Percent of Wear . The percent of wear shall not be more than 50% when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 96 .
704.05 CRUSHED GRAVEL FOR SUBBASE . Crushed gravel for subbase shall be produced from
gravels or crushed quarried rock and shall be a reasonably free from silt, loam, clay, or organic matter. It shall be obtained from an approved source and shall meet the following requirements: 7-12 (a) General Requirements .
1.Percent of Wear . The maximum percent of wear s hall be 40% as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 96 .
2.Fractured Faces . At least 50% by mass (weight) of the material coarser than the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve shall have at least one fractured face as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 335 .
b.Crushed Gravel for Subbase, Fine Graded . Fine graded crushed gravel for subbase shall meet the gradation requirements of Table 704.05A as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27 and AASHTO T 11 . TABLE 704.05A – GRADATION OF CRUSHED GRAVEL FOR SUBBASE, FINE GRADED Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves 2 inch (50.0 mm) 100 1-1/2 inch (37.5 mm) 90 – 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 30 – 60 No. 100 (0.150 mm) 0 – 12 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 0 – 6
c.Crushed Gravel for Subbase, Coarse Graded . Coarse graded crushed gravel for subbase shall meet the gradation requirements of Table 704.05B as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27 and AASHTO T 11 . TABLE 704.05B – GRADATION OF CRUSHED GRAVEL FOR SUBBASE, COARSE GRADED Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves 4 inch (100 mm) 95 – 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 25 – 50 No. 100 (0.150 mm) 0 – 12 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 0 – 6 7-13 704.06 DENSE GRADED CRUSHED STONE FOR SUBBASE . Dense graded crushed stone for subbase shall consist of product resulting from the mechanical crushing of quarried bedrock, boulders, or cobbles. It shall be sufficiently free from dirt, deleterious material, and pieces that are structurally weak, shall be obtained from approved sources, and shall meet the following requirements:
a.Grading . Dense graded crushed stone for subbase shall meet the gradation requirements of Table 704.06A as determined in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T 27 and AASHTO T 11 . TABLE 704.06A – GRADATION OF DENSE GRADED CRUSHED STONE FOR SUBBASE Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves 3-1/2 inch (87.5 mm) 100 3 inch (75.0 mm) 90 – 100 2 inch (50.0 mm) 75 – 100 1 inch (25.0 mm) 50 – 80 1/2 inch (12.5 mm) 30 – 60 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 15 – 40 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 0 – 6
b.Percent of Wear . The percent wear shall not be more than 40% when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 96 . When the aggregate is composed of crushed igneous rock, the percent of wear shall be not more than 50% when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 96 .
c.Flat and Elongated Particles . Not more than 30% by mass (weight) of the material coarser than the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve shall consist of flat and elongated particles in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D4791 .
d.Filler Material . Filler material shall consist of clean, hard, uniform graded, crushed stone or stone screenings produced by the crushing process. The material shall consist of hard, durable particles sufficiently free from dirt, organic material, structurally weak pieces, and other deleterious materials and shall com ply with the requirements of Subsection 704.06(b) and Subsection 704.06(c) . Filler material shall meet the gradation requirements of Table 704.06B as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27 and AASHTO T 11 . 7-14 TABLE 704.06B – GRADATION OF FILLER MATERIAL Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves 3/4 in (37.5 mm) 100 1/2 in (12.5 mm) 70 – 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 50 – 90 No. 100 (0.150 mm) 0 – 12 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 0 – 6
704.07 GRAVEL FILTER FOR SLOPE STABILIZATION . Gravel filter for slope stabilization shall
consist of stone and sand that is reasonably free from loam, silt, clay, and organi c material and shall meet the requirements of Table 704.07A as determined in accor dance with AASHTO T 27 . TABLE 704.07A – GRADATION OF GRAVEL FILTER FOR SLOPE STABILIZATION Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves 1/2 inch (12.5 mm) 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 20 – 80 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 0 – 12
704.08 GRANULAR BACKFILL FOR STRUCTURES . Granular backfill for structures shall consist of
granular material reasonably free from loam, silt, clay, and organic material and shall meet the gradation requirements of Table 704.08A as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27 and AASHTO T 11 . TABLE 704.08A – GRADATION OF GRANULAR BACKFILL FOR STRUCTURES Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves 3 inch (75.0 mm) 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 45 – 75 No. 100 (0.150 mm) 0 – 12 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 0 – 6 7-15 704.09 BACKFILL FOR MUCK EXCAVATION . Backfill for muck excavation shall consist of granular material or blasted rock broken into various sizes that will form a compact embankment with a minimum of voids. When granular material is used , it shall meet the requirements of Subsection 703.04 .
704.10 AGGREGATE FOR BITUMINOUS CONCRETE MIXTURES . The aggregate for bituminous
concrete mixtures shall come from approved sources and be free from dirt, deleterious material, and pieces which are structurally weak. Coarse aggregate shall mean that portion of material coarser than the No. 8 (2.36 mm) sieve. C oarse aggregate for bituminous concrete mixtures shall consist of clean, hard, crushed stone or crushed gravel and be uniformly graded. Fine aggregate shall mean that portion of material finer than the No. 8 (2.36 mm) sieve. Fine aggregate for bituminous concrete mixtures shall consist of stone screenings or a combination of stone screenings, screened natural sand or manufactured sands, and other fine aggregates, such that at least 95% of any individual stockpile of the fine aggregate will pass the 3/8 inc h (9.50 mm) sieve. At the discretion of the Agency, aggregates identified as prone to stripping will require testing to determine stripping potential, and those with stripping shall require the use of an anti -strip additive meeting the requirements of Subs ection 702.04 . Aggregate for bituminous concrete mixtures shall meet the following requirements:
a.Coarse Aggregates for Superpave . Coarse aggregates for Superpave bituminous concrete pavement shall meet the requirements of Table 704.10A . TABLE 704.10A – SUPERPAVE COARSE AGGREGATE PROPERTIES Property Test Method Traffic Volume (ESALs) Requirement Percent wear (igneous) AASHTO T 96 All 50% max. Percent wear (all other) AASHTO T 96 All 35% max. Flat and elongated particles (1:5 ratio) ASTM D4791 All 10% max. Soundness (5 cycles , sodium sulfate solution ) AASHTO T 104 All 12% max. Angularity (one fractured face) AASHTO T 335 < 30,000,000 95% min. ≥ 30,000,000 100% min. Angularity (two fractured faces) AASHTO T 335 < 30,000,000 90% min. ≥ 30,000,000 100% min. 7-16 (b) Fine Aggregates for Superpave . Fine aggregates for Superpave bituminous concrete pavement shall meet the requirements of Table 704.10B . TABLE 704.10B – SUPERPAVE FINE AGGREGATE PROPERTIES Property Test Method Traffic Volume (ESALs) Requirement Angularity (uncompacted voids) AASHTO T 304 , Method A All 45% min. Soundness (5 cycles , sodium sulfate solution ) AASHTO T 104 All 12% max. Sand equivalent (clay content) AASHTO T 176 < 30,000,000 45% min. ≥30,000,000 50% min.
c.Coarse Aggregates for Bonded Wearing Course . Coarse aggregates for bonded wearing course shall meet the requirements of Table 704.10C . TABLE 704.10C – BONDED WEARING COURSE COARSE AGGREGATE PROPERTIES Property Test Method Requirement Percent wear (igneous) AASHTO T 96 50% max. Percent wear (all other) AASHTO T 96 35% max. Angularity (one fractured face) AASHTO T 335 95% min. Angularity (two fractured faces) AASHTO T 335 90% min. Flat and elongated particles (1:3 ratio) ASTM D4791 25% max. Soundness (5 cycles , sodium sulfate solution ) AASHTO T 104 12% max. Clay lumps and friable particles AASHTO T 112 2% max.
d.Fine Aggregates for Bonded Wearing Course . Fine aggregates for bonded wearing course shall meet the requirements of Table 704.10D . TABLE 704.10D – BONDED WEARING COURSE FINE AGGREGATE PROPERTIES Property Test Method Requirement Angularity (uncompacted voids) AASHTO T 304 , Method A 45% min. Soundness (5 cycles sodium sulfate solution ) AASHTO T 104 12% max. Sand equivalent (clay content) AASHTO T 176 60% min. Clay lumps and friable particles AASHTO T 112 2% max. Methylene blue AASHTO T 330 10 mg/g max. 7-17 (e) Mineral Filler . Mineral filler may be used to aid in meeting the gradation requirements for bituminous concrete mixtures. Mineral filler shall consist of approved limestone dust, talc dust, hydrated lime, or Type I Portland cement. Mineral filler shall meet the requirem ents of Table 704.10E . TABLE 704.10E – GRADATION OF MINERAL FILLER Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves No. 30 (0.600 mm) 100 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 75 – 100
704.11 AGGREGATE FOR BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENTS . Aggregate that is used for
bituminous surface treatments shall meet the following requirements:
a.Sand Cover . Sand cover shall be a silica -free aggregate meeting the gradation requirements of Table 704 .11A as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27 and AASHTO T 11. TABLE 704.11A – GRADATION OF SAND COVER Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves No. 8 (2.36 mm) 100 No. 16 (1.18 mm) 50 – 85 No. 30 (0.600 mm) 25 – 60 No. 50 (0.300 mm) 5 – 30 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 0 – 10
704.12 AGGREGATE FOR SURFACE COURSES AND SHOULDERS . Aggregate for surface courses
and shoulders shall consist solely of crushed gravel or crushed stone. It shall be obtained from approved sources, be reasonably free from deleterious materials, and shall meet the following requirements:
a.Aggregate Surface Course .
1.Grading . Aggregate surface course shall be uniformly graded and shall meet the gradation requirements of Table 704.12A as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27 and AASHTO T 11 . 7-18 TAB LE 704.12A – GRADATION OF AGGREGATE SURFACE COURSE Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves 1-1/2 inch (37.5 mm) 100 1 inch (25 mm) 95 – 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 45 – 65 No. 100 (0.150 mm) 10 – 15 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 8 – 12
2.Percent of Wear . The percent of wear shall not be more than 40% when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 96 .
3.Fractured Faces . When crushed gravel is used, at least 50% by mass (weight) of the material coarser than the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve from each stockpile shall ha ve at least two fractured faces as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 335 .
4.Plasticity Index . The plasticity index (PI) shall be between 4 and 8 when determined in accordance with ASTM D4318 .
b.Aggregate Surface Course, Paths and Trails . Aggregate surface course for paths and trails shall consist of clean, hard, crushed stone. It shall be reasonably free from dirt, deleterious material, and pieces that are structurally weak. The material shall be uniformly graded and shall meet the require ments of Table 704.12B as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27 and AASHTO T 11. TAB LE 704.12B – GRADATION OF AGGREGATE SURFACE COURSE, PATHS AND TRAILS Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves 3/8 inch (9.50 mm) 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 75-90 No. 8 (2.36 mm) 55 – 80 No. 16 (1.18 mm) 35 – 50 No. 30 (0.600 mm) 25 – 50 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 6 – 15 7-19 (c) Aggregate Shoulders .
1.Grading . Aggregate for aggregate shoulders shall be uniformly graded and shall meet the gradation requirements of Table 704.12C as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27 and AASHTO T 11 . TABLE 704.12C – GRADATION OF AGGREGATE SHOULDERS Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves 1 inch (25.0 mm) 100 3/4 inch (19.0mm) 90 – 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 35 – 65 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 9 – 15
2.Fractured Faces . At least 50% by mass (weight) of the material coarser than the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve from each stockpile shall have at least two fractured faces as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 335 .
d.Aggregate Shoulders, RAP . RAP for aggregate shoulders shal l meet the requirements of Subsection 704.22(a) and 100% of the material shall pass the 1 -1/2 inch (37.5 mm) sieve prior to placement.
704.13 SAND FOR CEMENT MORTAR . Sand for cement mortar shall consist of clean, hard, durable
grains. It shall be uniforml y graded from coarse to fine and shall be free from detrimental amounts of organic matter or other harmful substances.
a.Grading . Sand for cement mortar shall meet the gradation requirements of AASHTO M 45 as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27 and AASHTO T 11 .
b.Organic Impurities . The sand shall show a color of not greater than two when determined in accordance with AASHTO T 21 .
c.Soundness . Soundness tests shall be performed on the aggregate in accordance with AASHTO T 104. The weighted average percentage of loss shall be not more than 8% by mass (weight) when subjected to five cycles of the sodium sulfate soundness test. 7-20 704.14 LIGHTWEIGHT COARSE AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE . Lightweight coarse aggregate for concrete shall be clean, hard, and uniformly graded. It shall be reasonably free from dirt, deleterious material, and pieces that are structurally weak and shall meet the r equirements of AASHTO M 195 and ASTM C330 . The Contractor shall submit the results of AASHTO M 195, Section 4.1.2 ; AASHTO M 195, Section 5.2 ; ASTM C330, Section 5.1.2 ; and ASTM C330, Section 6.2 testing performed within the last 5 years.
a.Organic Impurities . The aggregate shall show a color of not greater than two when determined in accordance with AASHTO T 21 .
b.Percent of Wear . The percent of wear shall not be more than 50% when tested in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T 96 .
c.Flat and Elongated Particles . The flat and elongated particles shall conform to the requirements specified in Subsection 704.02(a) .
d.Soundness . Soundness shall meet the requirements of Subsection 704.01(d) .
e.Density . The density of lightweight aggregate shall not differ by more than 10% from the density submitted on the approved mix design.
704.15 AGGREGATE FOR SHOTCRETE . Aggregate for shotcrete shall conform to the requirements of
AASHTO M 80 .
a.Grading . Aggregate for shotcrete shall meet the gradation requirements of Table 704.15A as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27 and AASHTO T 11 . TABLE 704.15A – GRADATION OF AGGREGATE FOR SHOTCRETE Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Squar e Mesh Sieves 1/2 inch (12.5 mm) 100 3/8 inch (9.50 mm) 90 – 100 No. 4 (4.75 m m) 70 – 85 No. 8 (2.36 mm) 50 – 70 No. 16 (1.18 mm) 35 – 55 No. 30 (0.600 mm) 20 – 35 No. 50 (0.300 mm) 8 – 20 No. 100 (0.150 mm) 2 – 10 7-21 (b) Percent of Wear . The percent of wear shall not be more than 50% when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 96 .
c.Soundness . The weighted average percentage of loss shall be not more than 12% by mass when subjected to five cycles of sodium sulfate solution in accordance wi th AASHTO T 104 .
704.16 DRAINAGE AGGREGATE . Drainage aggregate shall be produced from gravels or crushed
quarried rock, shall be obtained from approved sources, and shall consist of clean, hard, sound, and durable material.
a.Grading . Drainage aggregate shall be uniformly graded from coarse to fine and shall meet the gradation requirements of Table 704.16A as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27 . TABLE 704.16A – GRADATION OF DRAINAGE AGGREGATE Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves 1 inch (25 mm) 100 3/4 inch (19.0) 90 – 100 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) 20 – 55 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 0 – 10 No. 8 (2.36 mm) 0 – 5
b.Percent of Wear . The percent of wear shall not be more than 40% when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 96 .
c.Soundness . Soundness shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 704.01(d) .
704.17 AGGREGATE FOR EROSION PREVENTION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL . Aggregate for
erosion prevention and sediment control (EPSC) shall consist of clean, hard, crushed stone or crushed gravel and shall be reasonably free from dirt and deleterious material. It sh all be uniformly graded and meet the gradation requirements of Table 704.17A as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 27 . TABLE 704.17A – GRADATION OF AGGREGATE FOR EPSC Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves 6 inch (150 mm) 100 4 inch (100 mm) 80 – 100 3 inch (75.0 mm) 40 – 60 2 inch (50.0 mm) 0 – 20 7-22 704.18 SELECT BACKFILL FOR MSE STRUCTURES . Select backfill for mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) structures shall be substantially free from organic matter and otherwise deleterious materials and shall meet the following requirements :
a.Grading . Select backfill material used in MSE structures shall conform to the gradation limits in Table 704.18A as determined by AASHTO T 27 . TABLE 704.18A – GRADATION OF SELECT BACKFILL FOR MSE STRUCTURES Sieve Designation Percentage by Mass (Weight) Passing Square Mesh Sieves 4 inch (100 mm) 100 3 inch (75.0 mm) 75 – 100 No. 40 (0.425 m m) 0 – 60 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 0 – 12
b.Soundness . Select backfill material shall be substantially free of shale or other soft particles with poor durability characteristics. The material shall have a sodium sulfate soundness loss of less than 8% after five cycles, as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 104 .
c.Plasticity Index . The plasticity index (PI), as determined by the requirements of AASHTO T 90 , shall not exceed 6.
d.Electrochemical Requirements .
1.Metallically Reinforced Systems . Select backfill material for metallically reinforced systems shall conform to the requirements of Table 704.18B . TABLE 704.18B – BACKFILL FOR METALLICALLY REINFORCED SYSTEMS Property Test Method Requirement Resistivity at 100% saturation AASHTO T 288 3,000 ohm -cm min. pH AASHTO T 289 5 – 10 Sulfates AASHTO T 290 200 ppm max. Chlorides AASHTO T 291 100 ppm max. Organic content AASHTO T 267 < 1% 7-23 (2) Geosynthetically Reinforced Systems . Select backfill material for geosynthetically reinforced systems shall conform to the requirements of Table 704.18C . TABLE 704.18C – BACKFILL FOR GEOSYNTHETICALLY REINFORCED SYSTEMS Base Polymer Type Test Method Requirement Polyester (PET) AASHTO T 289 3 < pH ≤ 9 Polyolefin (PP & HDPE) AASHTO T 289 3 < pH
e.Uniformity Coefficient . Select backfill material shall have a minimum uniformity, C U, of 4.
704.19 LIGHTWEIGHT FINE AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE . Lightweight fine aggregate for
concrete shall be clean, hard, and uniformly graded. It shall be rea sonably free from dirt and deleterious material and shall meet the requirements AASHTO M 195 and ASTM C330 . AASHTO M 195, Section 4.1.2 ; AASHTO M 195, Section 5.2 ; ASTM C330, Section 5.1.2 ; and ASTM C330, Section 6.2 testing will not be required.
a.Organic Impurities . The aggregate shall show a color of not greater than two when determined in accordance with AASHTO T 21 .
b.Soundness . Soundness shall meet the requirements of Subsection 704.01(d) .
c.Density . The density of lightweight aggregate shall not differ by more than 10% from the density submitted on the approved mix design.
704.20 PROCESSED GLASS AGGREGATE . Materials used to produce processed glass aggregate
(PGA) shall consist of recycled glass food or beverage containers. PGA materials listed on the Agency’s Approved Products List shall meet the following requirements:
a.Grading . PGA shall be a crushed and screened material meeting the grading requirements of AASHTO M 318, Section 5.2 and AASHTO M 318, Section 5.5 .
b.Deleterious Content . Small amounts (less than 5% total) of china dishes, ceramics, plate (window or mir ror) glass, or other glass products will be allowed in PGA. The PGA material shall not contain more than trace amounts of screw tops, plastic cap rings, or other contaminants. Amounts of contaminants greater than 1% by weight shall be grounds for rejection of the entire PGA batch. 7-24 (c) Hazardous Materials . Glass cullet shall be free of TV or other cathode ray tubes, fluorescent lightbulbs, and shall not meet the definition of hazardous waste given in 42 U.S.C. § 6903 or in the state or local jurisdiction. Glass containers containing, or having contained, toxic or hazardous materials will not be allowed, and, when present, shall be grounds for rejecting the entire stockpile of PGA or PGA blends.
d.Process Control . PGA materials shall be subje cted to process control testing. Process control tests shall be performed at a minimum frequency of one test per 2,500 cubic yards of material produced by a stable process and shall demonstrate conformance with the requirements of Subsection 704.20(a) , Subsection 704.20(b) , and Subsection 704.20(c) . A copy of each test result shall be made available to the Engineer upon request.
704.21 RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATE . Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) shall consist of
recycled concrete that has been crushed. R CA materials listed on the Agency’s Approved Products List shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 319 and the following exceptions:
a.Grading . RCA shall be crushed to aggregate dimensions of 6 inches or less.
b.Deleterious Content . Small amounts of brick, block or mortar may be present in the RCA at a level not to exceed a total of 5% by weight. The RCA material shall not contain more than trace amounts of wire, steel or plastic that were associated with the original placement of the concr ete, bituminous material, or unreacted cementitious materials. No additional wire, steel or plastic may be added to the RCA. No discernable amounts of oils, fats, soaps, surfactants, or organic contaminants shall be present in the RCA.
c.Hazardous Materi als. The recycled concrete aggregate shall not meet the definition of hazardous waste given in 42 U.S.C. § 6903 or in the state or local jurisdiction . Concrete structures used to contain hazardous materials will not be allowed, and, when present, shall be grounds for rejection of the entire stockpile of RCA or RCA blends.
d.Process Control . RCA materials shall be subjected to process control testing. Process control tests shall be performed at a minimum frequency of one test per 2,500 cubic yards of material produced by a stable process and shall demonstrate conformance with the requirements of Subsection 704.21(a) , Subsection 704.21(b) , and Subsection 704.21(c) . A copy of each test result shall be made available to the Engineer upon request.
704.22 RECYCLED ASPHALT MATERIALS . Recycled asphalt materials (RAM) include recycled
asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles (RAS). The bitumen component of RAM shall be asphalt binder and shall be free of significant contents of solvents, tars, and other volatile organic compounds or foreign substances that will make the RAM unacceptable for recycling as determined by the Agency. 7-25 (a) Recycled Asphalt Pavement . RAP shall consist of crushed or milled bituminous concrete pavement. T he Contractor may blend, crush, or prepare the RAP into one or more homogenous stockpiles. RAP used in Superpave bituminous concrete pavement shall meet the requirements of Subsection 704.10(a) and Subsection 704.10(b) .
b.Recycled Asphalt Shingles . RAS materials shall come from an approved producer, and meet the following requirements:
1.Material . RAS shall consist of manufactured shingle waste or postconsumer shingles that comply with the provisions of AASHTO M 350 .
2.Process Control . RAS materials shall be subjected to process control testing. Process control tests shall be performed at a minimum frequency of one test per 2,500 cubic yards of material produced by a stable process and shall demonstrate conformance with the requirement s of Subsection 704.22(b)(1) . A copy of each test result shall be made available to the Agency upon request. 7-26 SECTION 705 – MASONRY UNITS
705.01 BRICK . Brick masonry units shall meet the following requirements:
a.Manhole Brick . Manhole brick shall be in accordance with ASTM C32, Grade MS.
b.Sewer Brick . Sewer brick shall be in accordance with ASTM C32, Grade SM.
c.Pedestrian Paving Brick . Pedestrian paving brick shall be in accordance with ASTM C902 , Class SX, Type I.
d.Vehicular Paving Brick . Vehicular paving b rick shall be classified as Application PS in accordance with ASTM C1272 , unless otherwise specified.
1.Mortar Bedded . Vehicu lar paving brick to be set in mortar, with a concrete or bituminous base, shall be in accordance with ASTM C1272 , Type R.
2.Aggregate Bedded . Vehicular paving brick to be set in aggregate shall be in accordance with ASTM C1272 , Type F.
705.02 CONCRETE MASONRY BLOCKS . Concrete masonry blocks shall be in accordance with ASTM
C139 .
705.03 PRECAST DROP INLETS, CATCH BASINS, AND MANHOLES . Precast drop inlets, catch
basins, and manholes shall be in accordance with AASHTO M 199 .
Source: Vermont Standard Specifications for Construction, 2024 Edition. Pages 1160–1177 of 1,380.