7-37 Sectio N 708 – Coatings , Stains , and Traffi C Markin G Materials
708.0 1 GENERA L REQUIREMENTS .
a.Qualities and Characteristics . All paints shall be ready -mixed in accordance with the specific formulas from ingredients that meet the requirements described below. The paints shall be free of coarse particles, skins, water, and other foreign and objectionable matter except where tolerances have been allowed. The paints shall not skin over, thicken, liver, settle out excessively, or cake in the container in storage and shall be readily broken up with a paddle into a smooth, uniform consistency. No rosin or rosin derivatives shall be added to the paints, but beneficial agents such as antioxidants or wetting aids may be added. Ready -mixed pa ints that have hardened on standing or otherwise deteriorated to any extent will not be acceptable. All paints shall be suitable for use in airless spray equipment.
b.Packaging . Ready -mixed paints shall be shipped in strong, new, airtight containers. All containers of paint shall be clearly labeled with the following information:
1.Name and address of the manufacturer
2.Manufacturer’s batch number
3.Date of manufacture
4.Vermont paint number, name, and color
5.Volume of contents Containers sha ll be clearly marked to indicate any hazards connected with the use of the paint and the protective measures that should be provided to prevent injury to the health of workers.
c.Approval . No paint or stain shall be used until it has been approved by the Agency’s Materials Testing and Certification Section.
7-38 (d) Identification . To provide a means of identification for paints, the applicable identification number
and name taken from the following list shall be printed on all test reports and container labels:
1.Coatings for Structural Steel and Other Metals . For structural ste el coatings, the identification number and the name for the coating used shall be the manufacturer’s name, the manufacturer’s name for the coating, and the manufacturer’s lot number.
a.VT 1.01 – Structural Steel Prime Coat
b.VT 2.01 – Structural Steel Intermediate Coat
c.VT 3.01 – Structural Steel Top Coat
2.Wood Coatings .
a.VT 4.01 – Dark Brown Oil Base Stain
3.Traffic Sign Paint .
a.VT 5.01 – Black Enamel
b.VT 5.02 – Blue Enamel
c.VT 5.03 – Green Enamel
d.VT 5.04 – Red Enamel
e.VT 5.05 – White Enamel
f.VT 5.06 – Yellow Enamel
g.VT 5.07 – Brown Enamel
h.VT 5.08 – Orange Enamel
4.Traffic Control Signal Paint .
a.VT 6.01 – Flat Black Enamel
b.VT 6.02 – Yellow Enamel
7-39 (5) Pavement Marking Paint .
a.VT 7.01 – White Traffic Paint
b.VT 7.02 – Yellow Traffic Paint
c.VT 7.05 – White Traffic Paint, Fast Dry
d.VT 7.06 – Yellow Traffic Paint, Fast Dry 708.02 POWDER COATING SYSTEMS . Protective coatings shall be applied to metals as a free - flowing, dry powder using a dry finishing process to cure the coating onto the substrate.
a.General Requirements . Systems shall be exterior grade powders consisting of two coats from a single manufacturer. Coats shall be compatible and per the manufacturer’s recommendations . The first coat may be applied to bare metal or galvanized metal in accordance with the Contract. When applied to bare metal, the first coat shall be an epoxy zinc rich primer. When applied over galvanizing, the first coat of powder shall be recommended for use over galvanizing by the powder manufacturer. The topcoat shall be a urethane or polyester powder.
b.Material Properties . Material properties shall be in accordance with Table 708.02A . TABLE 708.02A – POWDER COATING MATERIAL PROPERTIES Property Test Method Test Requirement Abrasion resistance ASTM D4060 (CS-10 abrasive wheel, at 1,000 cycles) 100 mg weight loss (max.) Adhesion ASTM D3359, Method A or ASTM D3359, Method B 5A or 5B Water resistance ASTM B4585 or ASTM D2247 (100℉ minimum, 2,000 hours) No blister or film failure, no cracking or delamination Salt spray resistance ASTM B117 , ASTM D1654 (1,000 hours) Unscribed – No blisters or visual defects Scribed – 0 inches to 1/64 inch
c.Color . The color shall be in acco rdance with Subsection 708.03(b) .
7-40 708.0 3 STRUCTURA L STEEL COATIN G SYSTEMS . Acceptable structural steel coating systems
shall be one of the systems listed on both the Agency’s Approved Products List and on the NEPCOAT Qualified Products List B , and shall meet the following requirements:
a.System . The structural steel coating s ystem shall be a three -coat system with a prime, intermediate, and top coat. Components of different systems shall not be intermixed.
b.Color . Individual coats shall have contrasting colors. The finish color of the top coat shall be green, black, or brow n as specified in the Contract, and shall conform to SAE AMS -STD-595 for the respective chip number as specified in Table 708.0 3A. TABLE 708.0 3A – COLORS FOR STRUCTURAL COATING SYSTEMS Color Chip Number Green 14062 Black 27038 Brown 20059
c.Damage . Damage to structural steel coating systems shall be repaired with a compatible structural steel coating system as specified herein. 708.0 4 GREAS E RUSTPROOFIN G COMPOUND . Grease rustproofing compound shall be a soft film type material made from petroleum combined with special additives to enhance its moisture displacing capabilities. Grease rustproofing compound shall contain effective rust inhibitors and have properties that conform to the requirements of Table 708.0 4A. TABLE 708.0 4A – GREASE RUSTPROOFING COMPOUND PROPERTIES Property Requirement Appearance (color) Brown -green Flash (COC ) 150°F min. Melting point (ASTM D127 ) 145°F min. Thinner 20% by weight max. Density at 60°F 7.00 lbs/gal min. Approximate NLGI grease grade No. 2 before solvent evaporation, No. 5 after solvent evaporation
7-41 708.0 5 Coating S for Wood .
a.VT 4.01 Dark Brown Oil Base Stain . Dark brown oil base stain is used as a protective coating for wood surfaces. The stain shall conform to the requirements of Table 708.0 5A and the pigment shall consist of pure mineral pigments combined in the proportions necessary to match the specified color. TABLE 708.0 5A – DARK BROWN OIL BASE STAIN PROPERTIES Stain Component Property Min. Max. Vehicle Heavy bodied linseed oil (%) 15 -- Mineral spirits (%) -- 85 Stain Pigment (%) 15 -- Vehicle (%) -- 85 Density (lbs/gal) 7.5 -- Drying time, dry to recoat (h ours) -- 24 Fineness of grind (Hegman scale) 4 --
b.Insecticide/Fungicide . Insecticide/fungicide coatings for interior applications shall be water/ glycol -based solutions per the manufacturer’s specification s. Acceptable coatings shall be those on the Agency’s Approved Products List .
c.Fire Retardant . Fire retardant coatings for interior and exterior applications shall be non -toxic, non-hazardous, and water -based solutions meeting the requirements of ASTM E84/NFPA 255/UL 723. Acceptable coatings shall be those on the Agency’s Approved Products List . 708.0 6 PAINT FOR TRAFFI C CONTRO L SIGNALS . Paint for traffic control signals shall consist of ready -mixed enamels suitable for exterior use on primed metal surfaces. Paint colors used for traffic control signals shall conform to the requirements of MPI #8 , MPI #9, or MPI #94. The SAE AMS -STD- 595 standard shall be used to determine the acceptable color match for black and yellow traffic control signal paints.
a.VT 6.01 Flat Black Enamel . The color shall conform to the requirements of MPI #8 , MPI #9 , or MPI #94 . The color shall be an acceptable match to Chip No. 37038 in SAE AMS -STD-595.
b.VT 6.02 Yellow Enamel . The color shall conform to the requirements of MPI #8 , MPI #9 , or MPI #94. The color shall be an acceptable match to Chip No. 13538 in SAE AMS -STD-595.
7-42 708.0 7 PAINT FOR PAVEMEN T MARKINGS . Ready -mixed traffic paint suitable for marking on
either bituminous or Portland cement concrete pavements shall conform to the following requirements:
a.Polyurea Pavement Markings . Approved polyurea marking materials shall be one of the markings listed on the Agency’s Approved Products List .
b.Epoxy Paint . Epoxy paint shall be one of the epoxy paints on the Approved Products L ist.
c.Waterborne Traffic Paint . Waterborne traffic paint shall consist of properly formulated pigment and vehicle to give the desired results. The paint shall show the proper capillary action at the bead surface to provide anchorage, refraction, and ref lection when beads are applied at the standard rate of 8 pounds per gallon of paint .
1.Materials .
a.Pigments . The pigments used shall be those designated , which shall conform to the stated requirements.
b.Titanium Dioxide . Titanium dioxide shall be of the rutile type and shall meet the requirements specified in ASTM D476, Type II.
c.Vehicle . The vehicle shall be water.
2.Composition . The waterborne paint binder shall be a 100% acrylic binder, as determined by infrared a nalysis according to the requirements of ASTM D2621 or other standard ASTM methods designated herein. The composition of the paint shall comply with Table 708.0 7C.
7-43 Table 708.0 7c – Waterborne Traffic Paint Composition
Property Test Method White Yellow/Blue/Green Pigment content (% by mass) ASTM D3723 58% min. , 62% max. 58% min. , 62% max. Vehicle content (% by mass) -- 38% min. , 42% max. 38% min ., 42% max. VOC content ASTM D3960 1.25 lbs/gal (150 g/L) max. 1.25 lbs/gal (150 g/L) max. Lead content -- 0.005% max. 0.005% max. Yellow pigment -- N/A Yellow #65 or Yellow #75 Titanium dioxide, rutile Type II ASTM D1394 1.00 lbs/gal (120 g/L) max. 0.21 lbs/gal (25 g/L) max. Total non -volatile content (% by mass) ASTM D2369 76.0% min. 76.0% min. Total volatile content (% by mass) ASTM D2369 25.0% max. 25.0% max. Total non -volatile content, by volume ASTM D2697 62.0% min. 62.0% min. Density ASTM D1475 14.0 ± 0.33 lbs/gal (1.68 ± 0.04 kg/L) 13.6 ± 0.33 lbs/gal (1.63 ± 0.04 kg/L) Paint pH -- 9.6 min. 9.6 min. Close cup flash point ASTM D3278 140°F (60°C) min. 140°F (60°C) min. Viscosity ASTM D562 78 Krebs min. , 95 Krebs max. 78 Krebs min. , 95 Krebs max. Dry time ASTM D711 10 minutes max . 10 minutes max. 708.08 THERMOPLASTI C PAVEMEN T MARKINGS .
a.Thermoplastic Pavement Markings, Type A . Type A thermoplastic pavement markings shall be one of the thermoplastic pavement markings on the Agency’s Approved Products List . Thermoplastic pavement markings shall comply with the requirements of AASHTO M 249 . Thermoplastic pavement markings shall have a lead content less than 0.005% by weight.
b.Thermoplastic Pavement Markings, Type B . Type B thermoplastic pavement markings shall be one of the preformed thermoplastic pavement markings on the Agency’s Approved Products List .
7-44 708.09 Temporar Y Delineatio N Systems .
a.Line Striping Targets . Acceptable line striping targets shall be one of the line striping targets on the Agency’s Approved Products List .
b.Pavement Marking Mask . Acceptable pavement marking mask shall be one of the masking marking tapes on the Agency’s Approved Products List .
7-45 Sectio N 709 – Lumbe R and Timber
709.01 STRUCTURA L LUMBE R AND TIMBER . Structural lumber and timber shall conform to the species and stress -grades specified in the Contract and shall be acceptable to the Engineer.
a.Grading . Structural lumber and timber shall be graded in accordance with AASHTO M 168 . Lumber ordered in multiple lengths shall be graded after having been cut to length.
b.Moisture Content .
1.Untreated Lumber and Timber . The maximum moisture content of untreated lumber and timber material being incorporated into the work shall be 19%.
2.Treated Lumber and Timber . The maximum moisture content of treated lumber and timber material prior to treatment shall be 19%. M aterial treated with water -borne preservatives in accordance with AWPA standards shall be dried after treatment to a moisture content not exceeding 19% and shall be maintained at a moisture content of 19% or less until it is incorporated into the work.
c.Minimum Stress Requirements . Unless otherwise specified in the Contract, lumber and timber shall meet the allowable unit stress requirements for No. 1 Grade or better material as specified in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications .
d.Lumber Dimens ions.
1.Full-Sawn Lumber . Minimum full -sawn lumber sizes are nominal dimension sawn sizes after seasoning. Pieces shall be sawn to obtain the full nominal dimensions specified with only occasional slight variation permitted. Thickness and width dimension s are somewhat variable depending upon the sawmill equipment used.
2.Rough -Sawn Lumber . Rough dry -sized lumber is minimally 1/8 inch larger in each dimension than standard (seasoned) dressed -sized lumber. Thickness and width dimensions are somewhat varia ble depending upon the sawmill equipment used.
3.Dressed Lumber . Dressed lumber sizes are the finished planed dimensions of material after seasoning. Minimum net finished dimensions for dressed lumber shall be 1/2 inch less than the nominal dimension, except that the minimum net width of dressed lumber exceeding 6 inches shall be 3/4 inch less than the nominal dimension.
Source: Vermont Standard Specifications for Construction, 2024 Edition. Pages 1189–1196 of 1,380.