Wisconsin WisDOT Standard Specifications (within FDM) — Section 305

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 123 2019 Standard Spec ifications Section 305 Dense-Graded Base

305.1Description

(1)This section describes constru cting a dense-graded base using one or more of the following

aggregates at the contractor's option: Crushed stone Reclaimed asphalt Crushed gravel Reprocessed material Crushed concrete Blended material

305.2Materials

305.2.1 General

(1)Provide aggregate conforming to 301.2 for crushed stone, crushed gravel, crushed concrete,

reclaimed asphalt, rep rocessed material, o r blended material. Provide QMP for dense-graded base as specified in 730.

(2)Where the contract specifies o r allows 1 1/4-inch base, do not place reclaimed asphalt, reprocessed

material, or blended materials below virgin aggregate materials unless the contract specifies or the engineer allows in writing. 305.2.2 Gradations 305.2.2.1 General

(1)Except for reclaimed asphalt, c onform to the following gradati on requirements:

PERCENT PASSING BY WEIGHT SIEVE 3-INCH 1 1/4-INCH 3/4-INCH 3-inch 90 - 100 ___ ___ 1 1/2-inch 60 - 85 ___ ___ 1 1/4-inch ___ 95 - 100 ___ 1-inch ___ ___ 100 3/4-inch 40 - 65 70 - 93 95 - 100 3/8-inch ___ 42 - 80 50 - 90 No. 4 15 - 40 25 - 63 35 - 70 No. 10 10 - 30 16 - 48 15 - 55 No. 40 5 - 20 8 - 28 10 - 35 No. 200 2.0 - 12.0 2.0 - 12.0[1][3] 5.0 - 15.0[2] [1] Limited to a maximum of 8.0 per cent for base pl aced between ol d and new pavement. [2] 8.0 - 15.0 percent if base is >= 50 percent crushed gravel. [3] 4.0 - 10.0 percent if base is >= 50 percent crushed gravel.

(2)Unless the plans or special pr ovisions specify otherwise, do t he following:

1.Use 1 1/4-inch in base course layers. Always use 1 1/4-inch in the top 4 inches o f base. The contractor

may substitute 3-inch for 1 1/4- inch in lower base zones including material underlying the shoulder.

2.Use 3/4-inch in shoulders. Always use 3/4-inch to match the thickness of the paved shoulder in the

unpaved portion of the shoulder and on exposed shoulder foreslo pes. The contractor may substitute 1 1/4- inch for 3/4-inch elsewhere in shoulders and shoulder foreslopes. If using 1 1/4-inch, limit the al lowable reclaimed as phalt content to 50 percent or less. 305.2.2.2 Reclaimed Asphalt

(1)The contractor may use reclaimed asphalt with 100 percent passing a 1 1/4-inch sieve as 1 1/4-inch

base. The engineer will assess gradation primarily by visual in spection but may test questionable material.

305.3Construction

305.3.1 General

(1)Construct dense-graded base conforming to 301.3 .

305.3.2 Compaction 305.3.2.1 General

(1)Compact each base layer, including shoulder foreslopes, with e quipment specified in 301.3.1 . Use

standard compaction conforming to 301.3.4.2 . Final shaping of shoulder foreslopes does not require compaction.

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 124 2019 Standard Spec ifications 305.3.2.2 Compacting 1 1/4-Inch Base and 3/4-Inch Base

(1)If using a pneumatic roller, do not exceed a compacted thickness of 6 inches per layer. For the first

layer placed over a loose sandy subgrade, the contractor may, w ith the engineer's approval, increase the compacted layer thickness to 8 inches.

(2)If using a vibratory roller, do not exceed a compacted thickne ss of 8 inches per layer.

305.3.2.3 Compacting 3-Inch Base

(1)Compact with a vibratory or pneumatic roller. Do not exceed a compacted thickness of 9 inches per

layer. 305.3.3 Constructing Aggregate Shoulders 305.3.3.1 General

(1)Construct aggregate shoulders to the elevations and typicalse ctions the plans show, except for minor

modifications needed to conform to other work.

(2)Use equipment that does not dam age or mar the pavement surface , curbs, or appurtenances.

(3)Place aggregate directly on the shoulder area between the pavement edge and the outer shoulder

limits. Recover uncontaminated material deposited outside the l imits and place within the limits.

(4)Do not deposit aggregate on t he pavement during placement, unless the engineer specifically allows.

Do not leave aggregate on the pavement overnight. After placing the shoulder aggregate, keep the pavement surface free of lose aggregate.

(5)Spread and compact the aggregate in compacted layers of 6 inches or less. Use standard compaction

conforming to 301.3.4.2 .

(6)After final compaction, shape t he shoulders to remove longitudinal ridges to ensure proper drainage.

305.3.3.2 Shoulders Adjacent to Concrete Pavement or Base

(1)Construct shoulders along concrete pavement or concrete bases o the completed shoulder is at the

approximate grade and cr oss-section before o pening the pavement to public traffic. 305.3.3.3 Shoulders Adjacent to A sphaltic Pavement or Surfacin g

(1)If the roadway is closed to throug h traffic during constructio n, construct the aggregate shoulders

before opening the road.

(2)If the roadway remains open to th rough traffic during construction and a 2-inch or more drop-off occurs

within 3 feet or less from the edge of the traveled way, eliminate the drop-off within 48 hours after completing that days paving. Unless the special provisions spec ify otherwise, provide aggregate shoulder material compacted to a temporary 3:1 or flatter cross slope from the surface of the pavement edge.

(3)Provide and maintain signing and other traffic protection and control devices, as specified in 643, until

completing shoulder construction to the required cross-section and flush with the asphaltic pavement or surfacing. 305.3.4 Shaping Shoulders

(1)Under the Shaping Shoulders bi d item, blade, shape, and compact the existing shoulder aggregate,

before the end of the day's work, to ensure proper drainage while salvaging existing pavement and constructing new pavement. Do no t contaminate the shoulder aggr egate with deleterious material. Incorporate material obtained from shaping shoulders in the new shoulder, in widening the roadbed, or as the plans show. 305.3.5 Constructing Detours

(1)Under the Aggregate Detours bi d item, provide aggregate on the designated detour at the locations

the plans show or the engineer d irects. Use 3/4-inch base unless the plans or special provisions specify otherwise. 305.4 Measurement

(1)The department will measure the Base Aggregate Dense and Aggre gate Detours bid items under this

section by the ton or cubic ya rd acceptably completed. The depa rtment will determine weight or volume, adjust for moisture, and convert between weight and vol ume as specified in 301.4 . The department may deduct fo r contaminated aggregate o r unrecovered aggregate deposited outside the outer shoulder limits.

(2)The department will measure Shapi ng Shoulders by the station a cceptably completed, measured

along the centerline for each shoulder separately.

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 125 2019 Standard Spec ifications 305.5 Payment

(1)The department will pay for measured quantities at the contrac t unit price under the following bid

items: ITEM NUMBER DESCRIPTION UNIT

305.0110 Base Aggregate Dense 3/4-Inch TON

15 Base Aggregate Dense 3/4-Inch CY

20 Base Aggregate D ense 1 1/4-Inch TON

25 Base Aggregate Dense 1 1/4-Inch CY

30 Base Aggregate Dense 3-Inch TON

35 Base Aggregate Dense 3-Inch CY

305.0410 Aggregate Detours TON

15 Aggregate Detours CY

305.0500 Shaping Shoulders STA

(2)Payment for the Base Aggregate Dense and the Aggregate Detours bid items is full compensation for

preparing the foundation; and for placing, shaping, compacting, and maintaining the base.

(3)Payment for Shaping Shoulders is full compensation for blading , shaping, compacting, and

maintaining the existing aggregate shoulders.

(4)If the contractor substitutes 3-i nch in base course or 1 1/4-i nch in shoulders as allowed under

305.2.2.1 , the department will pay for the substitute material as follows: - At the Base Aggrega te Dense 1 1/4-Inch unit price if substitu ting 3-inch in base course. - At the Base Aggrega te Dense 3/4-Inch uni t price if substituti ng 1 1/4-inch in shoulders.

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 126 2019 Standard Spec ifications Section 310 Open-Graded Base

310.1Description

(1)This section describes constru cting open-graded base course us ing crushed stone, crushed gravel, or

both.

310.2Materials

(1)Furnish crushed stone or c rushed gravel conforming to 301.2 , except for gradation. Provide QMP for

open-graded base as specified in 730. For gradation conform to the following: SIEVE PERCENT PASSING (by weight) 1-inch 90 - 100 3/8-inch 45 - 65 No. 4 15 - 45 No. 10 0 - 20 No. 40 0 - 10 No. 200 0 - 5.0

(2)The contractor may substitute material conforming to the gradation requirements specified for size No.

1 coarse aggregate in 501.2.5.4.4 if that material conforms to the fracture requirements for ope n- graded crushed gravel specified in 301.2.4.5 .

(3)Do not place reclaimed asphalt, reprocessed ma terial, or blended materials below open-graded base

unless the contract specifies o r the engineer allows in writing .

310.3Construction

(1)Construct open-graded base conforming to 301.3 . Use standard compaction conforming to 301.3.4.2 .

(2)Compact in layers using the equipment specified in 301.3.1 . If using a pneumatic roller, do not exceed

a compacted thickness of 6 inc hes per layer. If using a vibrato ry roller, do not exceed a compacted thickness of 8 inc hes per layer.

(3)Load and carry forward, or other wise remove, excess material p roduced during trimming operations to

prevent contamination of the dense-graded material in the shoul der area.

310.4Measurement

(1)The department will measure Base Aggregate Open-Graded by the ton or cubic yard acceptably

completed. The department may deduct for contaminated aggregate or unrecovered aggregate deposited outside the outer shoulder limits. 310.5 Payment

(1)The department will pay for measured quantities at the contrac t unit price under the following bid

items: ITEM NUMBER DESCRIPTION UNIT

310.0110 Base Aggregate Open-Graded TON

15 Base Aggregate Open-Graded CY

(2)Payment for Base Aggregate O pen-Graded is full compensation fo r preparing the foundation; and for

stockpiling, placing, shaping, compacting, and maintaining the base.

Source: Wisconsin Standard Specifications for Highway and Structure Construction, 2019 Edition. Pages 132–134 of 601.

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301 Base, Subbase, and Subgrade Aggregate

310 Open-Graded Base