Effective with the December 2018 Letting 117 2019 Standard Spec ifications Section 301 Base, Subbase, and Subgrade Aggregate
301.1 Description
1.This section describes requirements common to sections 305 through 313 and 350. Exceptions and additional requirements are specified in those sections.
301.2 Materials
301.2.1 General
1.Provide coarse aggregates from a department-approved source as specified under 106.3.4.2 .
301.2.2 Definitions
1.Interpret these terms, used throughout part 3, as follows: Aggregate A composite mixture o f hard, durable mineral materials that ha ve been mechanically processed. Breaker run Aggregate resulting from the mechanical crushing of quarried s tone or concrete not screened or proce ssed after primary crushing. Crushed gravel Crushed angular particles of gravel retained on a No. 10 sieve. Crushed stone Crushed angular particles of quarried rock retained on a No. 1 0 sieve. Fractured face An angular, rough, or broken parti cle surface with sharp edges . Gravel Naturally occurring rounded part icles of rock that will be ret ained on a No. 10 sieve. Pit run Unprocessed aggregate, with pred ominately 1 1/2- inch or larger sized particles, obtained from a gravel pit. Natural material Material that is excavated, mined, quarried, or originates fro m a pit or quarry; reclaimed asphalt or crushed concrete are not natura l materials within part 3. Reclaimed asphalt Crushed or processed asphaltic pavement or surfacing Reprocessed material Waste material for which a commercially demonstrated process uses the material as a raw material. Sand Granular material having at lea st 90 percent passing the No. 4 sieve and predominantly retained on the No. 200 sieve. Select crushed material Crushed and screened aggregate with particles predominately la rger than 1 1/2 inches. Virgin materials Mineral materials in a native o r raw form, not previously-used .
301.2.3 Sampling and Testing
1.Department and contractor testi ng shall conform to the followi ng: Sampling[1] ............................................................................................................................. ........... AASHTO T2 Percent passing t he 200 sieve ................................. ............................................................... ........ AASHTO T11 Gradation[1] ............................................................................................................................. ........ AASHTO T27 Gradation of extra cted aggr egate .............................. ............................................................... ...... AASHTO T30 Moisture content[1] .............................................................. .......................................................... AASH TO T255 Liquid l imit .................................................. ............................................................... ...................... AASHT O T89 Plasticity index .............................................. ............................................................... ................... AASHTO T90 Wear .......................................................... ............................................................... ...................... AASHT O T96 Sodium sulfate soundness (R-4, 5 cycles) ............................................................... ..................... AASHT O T104 Freeze/thaw soundness ............................................................... ................................................. AASHT O T103 Deleterious materials ......................................... ............................................................... ............ AASHT O T113 Fracture ...................................................... ............................................ ASTM D5821 as modified in CMM 8-60 Moisture/density[1] .............................................................. ............................. AASHT O T99 and AASHTO T180 In-place density[1] .............................................................. ............................................................ AA SHTO T191 Asphaltic materia l extraction ................................. ................................... CMM 8-36 WisDOT Test Method 1560 [1] As modified in CMM chapter 8 .
2.Contact the engineer to collect s ample aggregates proposed for the project. The engineer and contractor will jointly obtain the sample. The sampler must be HTCP certified to sample aggregates. Do not place base until the engi neer tests and approves the mat erial, except as allowed in 106.1 . Effective with the December 2018 Letting 118 2019 Standard Spec ifications 301.2.4 Aggregate Requirements
301.2.4 1 General
1.Obtain material from department-approved sources as specified under 106.3.4.2 and furnish material substantially free of deleterious materials that include: shale , chert, phyllite or o ther altered rock formed from clay materials, so ft or porous rock fragments, clay lumps, coal, and other non-durable or organic particles.
301.2.4 2 Aggregate Classifications
1.Provide aggregate conforming to one of the following classific ations based on weight percentages. Crushed stone or crushed gravel >= 85 percent virgin aggregates Crushed concrete >= 90 percent crushed concrete that is substantially free of s teel reinforcement and includes < 10 percent asphaltic pavement or surfacing, base, or a combination of aspha ltic pavement, surfac ing, and base, incorporated during the removal operation. Reclaimed asphalt >= 75 percent asphaltic pavement or surfacing. Reprocessed material Consists of crushed concrete, re claimed asphalt, crushed stone , crushed gravel, or other construc tion materials that are thorou ghly mixed and meet the following: 1. >= 80 percent is a combinat ion of crushed concrete and reclaimed asphalt; where: - < 90 percent is crushed concre te, or else the material is classified as crushed concrete. - < 75 percent is reclaimed asp halt, or else the material is classified as re claimed asphalt. 2. < 20 percent is crushed stone, crushed gravel, concrete blo ck, brick, cinder, or slag particles; where: - < 10 percent of the final mixture is concrete block particles. - < 5 percent of the final mixture is brick, cinder, or slag particles. Blended material Consists of a blend of crushed stone, crushed gravel, crushed concrete, reclaimed asphalt, or reprocessed material that are thoroughly mix ed and meet the following: 1. Each individual component material, incorporated into the blend must meet the requirements of table 301-2 except for gradation. The final blend must conform to the specified gradation. 2. < 75 percent is reclaimed as phalt, or else th e material is classified as recl aimed asphalt. 3. < 90 percent is crushed conc rete, or else th e material is classified as crushed concrete. 4. < 80 percent is a combination of crushed concrete and reclaimed asphalt, o r else the material is classified as reprocessed material. 5. < 85 percent is virgin aggreg ate, or else the material is classified as crushed stone or crushed gravel. Effective with the December 2018 Letting 119 2019 Standard Spec ifications 301.2.4.3 Uses For Aggregate Classifications
1.The contractor may furnish t he aggregate classifications, at t he contractor's option, for the specified base types as allowed in table 301-1. TABLE 301-1 USES FOR VARIOUS A GGREGATE BASE CLASSIFICATIONS BASE TYPE CRUSHED STONE CRUSHED GRAVEL CRUSHED CONCRETE RECLAIMED ASPHALT REPROCESSED MATERIAL BLENDED MATERIAL Dense 3/4-inch Yes Yes Yes No Yes[1] Y es[1] Dense 1 1/4-inch Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Dense 3-inch Yes Yes Yes No Yes[2] Y e s[2] Open-graded Yes Yes No No No No [1] The contractor may provide repr ocessed material or blended mat erial as 3/4-inch base only if the material contains 50 percent or less re claimed asphalt, by weight. [2] Ensure that material is subst antially free of reclaimed asphal t.
301.2.4 4 By-Product Materials
1.The contractor may provide an aggregate with one of the following by-product materials mixed with crushed gravel, crushed concrete , or crushed stone up to the li sted maximum percentage, by weight. Glass ............ 12% Foundry slag ............ 7% Steel mill slag ............ 75% Bottom ash ............ 8% Pottery cull ............ 7%
2.Furnish by-product materials s ubstantially free of deleterious material.
3.Crush, screen, and combine mate rials to create a uniform mixtu re conforming to the predominant material specifications.
4.If the aggregate contains a by- product material, the departmen t will test the final product for gradation, wear, soundness, liquid limit, pla sticity, and fracture as requ ired for the predominant material.
5.Do not use aggregate containing a by-product material in the t op 3 inches of a temporary or permanent aggregate wearing surface. Effective with the December 2018 Letting 120 2019 Standard Spec ifications 301.2.4.5 Aggregate Base Physical Properties
1.Furnish aggregates conforming to the following: TABLE 301-2 AGGREGATE BASE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES PROPERTY CRUSHED STONE CRUSHED GRAVEL CRUSHED CONCRETE RECLAIMED ASPHALT REPROCESSED MATERIAL BLENDED MATERIAL Gradation AASHTO T27 dense 305.2.2.1 305.2.2. 1 305.2.2.1 305.2.2. 2 305.2.2.1 305.2.2 .1[1] open-graded 310.2 310.2 not allowed not allowed not allowed not allowed Wear AASHTO T96 loss by weight <=50% <=50% note[2] ___ note[2] note[3] Sodium sulfate soundness AASHTO T104 loss by weight dense <=18% <=18% ___ ___ ___ note[3] open-graded <=12% <=12% not allowed not allowed not allowed not allowed Freeze/thaw soundness AASHTO T103 loss by weight dense <=18% <=18% ___ ___ ___ note[3] open-graded <=18% <=18% not allowed not allowed not allowed not allowed Liquid limit AASHTO T89 <=25 <=25 <=25 ___ ___ note[3] Plasticity AASHTO T90 <=6[4] <=6[4] <=6[4] ___ ___ note[3] Fracture ASTM D5821[6] min one face by count dense 58% 58% 58% ___ note[5] note[3] open-graded 90% 90% not allowed not allowed not allowed not allowed [1] The final aggregate blend mus t conform to the specified gradat ion. [2] No requirement for ma terial taken from wit hin the pr oject limi ts. Maximum of 50 percen t loss, by weight, for material supplied from a source outside the project limits. [3] Required as specified for the individual component materials d efined in columns 2 - 6 of the table before blending. [4] For base placed bet ween old and new pavements, use crushed sto ne, crushed gra vel, or crushed concrete with a plasticity i ndex of 3 or less. [5] >=75 percent by count of non-asphalt coated particles. [6] as modified in CMM 8-60.
301.3 Construction
301.3.1 Equipment
1.Use specialized pneumatic or vibratory compaction equipment or a combination of both types of machines. Do not use tamping rollers. Use pneumatic compaction equipment conforming to 207.3.6.2. The engineer may allow the contra ctor to compact the shoulder foreslopes with other equipment.
301.3.2 Preparing the Foundation
1.Prepare the subgrade, or resurfac e the previously placed base layer, as specified in 211.3.3 before placing base. Do not place bas e on foundations that are soft, s pongy, or covered by ice or snow. Do not place base on frozen foundatio ns unless the engineer approves otherwise. Water and rework or re-compact dry foundations as necessary to ensure proper compac tion, or as the engineer directs.
2.Before placing material, identify areas of yielding subgrade a nd perform corrective work as specified in
205.3.13 .
Effective with the December 2018 Letting 121 2019 Standard Spec ifications 301.3.3 Stockpiling
1.If continuous compliance with material specifications is questionable, the engineer may require the contractor to supply material from a stockpile of previously te sted material. Maintain a sufficiently large stockpile to preclude the use of material not previously approv ed.
2.Build and maintain stockpiles using methods that minimize segr egation and prevent contamination. If the contract specifies location, place stockpiles where specifi ed. Clear and prepare stockpile areas to facilitate the recovery of the maximum quantity of stockpiled m aterial.
301.3.4 Constructing Base
301.3.4 1 General
1.Place aggregate in a way that m inimizes hauling on the subgrad e. Do not use vehicles or operations that damage the subgrade or in-plac e base. Deposit material in a way that minimizes segregation.
2.Construct the base to the width and section the plans show. Sh ape, and compact the base surface to within 0.04 feet of the plan elevation.
3.Ensure there is adequate mois ture in the aggregate during placing, shaping, and compacting to prevent segregation and achieve adequate compaction.
4.Maintain the base until paving over it, or until the engineer accepts the work, if paving is not part of the contract. The contractor is not r esponsible for maintaining mat erial placed on detours, unless the special provisions specify otherwise.
301.3.4 2 Standard Compaction
1.Compact the base until there is no appreciable displacement, e ither laterally or longitudinally, under the compaction equipment. Route hauling equipment uniformly over previously placed base. Compact each layer before placing a su bsequent layer. If the material i s too dry to readily attain the required compaction, add water as necessary to achieve compaction.
301.3.4 3 Special Compaction
1.If the contract requires special compaction, compact each laye r to 95 percent of maximum density, or more, before placing the subsequent layer. The engineer will de termine the maximum density according to AASHTO T99 method C or D and in-place density according to AASHTO T191.
301.3.5 Excavation Below Subgrade
1.The engineer may request EBS in a reas of placed base or subbase. Restore the surface in EBS areas to the plan grade and cr oss-section or as the engineer directs.
301.3.6 Controlling Dust
1.Apply water or other engineer-approved dust control materials to control dust during construction and maintenance of the base and shoulders.
301.4 Measurement
1.For measurement by the ton, the department will determine weig ht based on contractor-provided tickets submitted daily. Submit a ticket for each load showing the material, net weight, date, and project ID. For material with mor e than 7 percent moisture, the department will reduce the ticket weight by the weight of water exceeding 7 percent. The department will determine moisture content as a percent of dry weight.
2.For measurement by the cubi c yard, the department will determi ne the volume in the vehicle.
3.The department may convert the measurement between weight and volume as specified in 109.1 .
301.5 Payment
1.Contractor testing for department-approved aggregate sources i s incidental to the work.
2.The department will only pay for engineer-approved EBS to corr ect problems beyond the contractor's control. Work performed under 105.3 to correct unacceptab le work is the contra ctor's responsibilit y. For EBS performed after placing subbase or base in the EBS area , and where the engineer approved that area for subsequent operations under 205.3.13 , the department will pay for EBS as follows: 1. For excavation, the department will pay 3 times the contrac t unit price for the Excava tion Common bid item under the EBS Post Placing Subbas e or EBS Post Placing Base administrative item. 2. For backfill and restoration with the materials the enginee r directs, the department will pay 3 times the contract unit price for the bid it ems of each material used to fill the excavation and re store the subbase or base under the Restoration Pos t Completion (item) administrativ e item. 3. For excavation, backfill, or restoration work without contr act bid items, as extra work. Effective with the December 2018 Letting 122 2019 Standard Spec ifications (3) Payment also includes water fo r compaction and dust control ex cept, if the contrac t contains the Water bid item, the department will pay s eparately for compaction and dust control water under 624.5 . Effective with the December 2018 Letting 123 2019 Standard Spec ifications Section 305 Dense-Graded Base
305.1 Description
1.This section describes constru cting a dense-graded base using one or more of the following aggregates at the contractor's option: Crushed stone Reclaimed asphalt Crushed gravel Reprocessed material Crushed concrete Blended material
305.2 Materials
305.2.1 General
1.Provide aggregate conforming to 301.2 for crushed stone, crushed gravel, crushed concrete, reclaimed asphalt, rep rocessed material, o r blended material. Provide QMP for dense-graded base as specified in 730.
2.Where the contract specifies o r allows 1 1/4-inch base, do not place reclaimed asphalt, reprocessed material, or blended materials below virgin aggregate materials unless the contract specifies or the engineer allows in writing.
305.2.2 Gradations
305.2.2 1 General
1.Except for reclaimed asphalt, c onform to the following gradati on requirements: PERCENT PASSING BY WEIGHT SIEVE 3-INCH 1 1/4-INCH 3/4-INCH 3-inch 90 - 100 ___ ___ 1 1/2-inch 60 - 85 ___ ___ 1 1/4-inch ___ 95 - 100 ___ 1-inch ___ ___ 100 3/4-inch 40 - 65 70 - 93 95 - 100 3/8-inch ___ 42 - 80 50 - 90 No. 4 15 - 40 25 - 63 35 - 70 No. 10 10 - 30 16 - 48 15 - 55 No. 40 5 - 20 8 - 28 10 - 35 No. 200 2.0 - 12.0 2.0 - 12.0[1][3] 5.0 - 15.0[2] [1] Limited to a maximum of 8.0 per cent for base pl aced between ol d and new pavement. [2] 8.0 - 15.0 percent if base is >= 50 percent crushed gravel. [3] 4.0 - 10.0 percent if base is >= 50 percent crushed gravel.
2.Unless the plans or special pr ovisions specify otherwise, do t he following: 1. Use 1 1/4-inch in base course layers. Always use 1 1/4-inch in the top 4 inches o f base. The contractor may substitute 3-inch for 1 1/4- inch in lower base zones including material underlying the shoulder. 2. Use 3/4-inch in shoulders. Always use 3/4-inch to match the thickness of the paved shoulder in the unpaved portion of the shoulder and on exposed shoulder foreslo pes. The contractor may substitute 1 1/4- inch for 3/4-inch elsewhere in shoulders and shoulder foreslope s. If using 1 1/4-inch, limit the al lowable reclaimed as phalt content to 50 percent or less.
305.2.2 2 Reclaimed Asphalt
1.The contractor may use reclaim ed asphalt with 100 percent passing a 1 1/4-inch sieve as 1 1/4-inch base. The engineer will assess gradation primarily by visual in spection but may test questionable material.
305.3 Construction
305.3.1 General
1.Construct dense-graded base conforming to 301.3 .
305.3.2 Compaction 305.3.2.1 General
1.Compact each base layer, including shoulder foreslopes, with e quipment specified in 301.3.1 . Use standard compaction conforming to 301.3.4.2 . Final shaping of shoulder foreslopes does not require compaction.
Referenced in this section
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Source: Wisconsin Standard Specifications for Highway and Structure Construction, 2019 Edition. Pages 126–131 of 601. View official source ↗