Effective with the December 2018 Letting 104 2019 Standard Spec ifications Section 209 Granular Backfill
209.1 Description
1.This section describes furnishi ng processed or selected granul ar materials, where the plans designate, as follows: 1. Backfilling excavations for frost heave or other unstable m aterials. 2. Backfilling storm sewers removals under 204. 3. Filling marsh areas associated with marsh excavation. 4. Placing material for subgrade improvement.
209.2 Materials
209.2.1 General
1.Conform to the definitions under 301.2 . Furnish virgin materials consisting of either sand-sized particles or sand-sized particle s mixed with gravel, crushed gr avel, or crushed stone. Do not use crushed concrete or reclaimed asphalt.
2.Ensure that the material provided has a liquid limit less than or equal to 25 and a plasticity index less than or equal to 6. The contractor may substitute grade 1 for grade 2 material.
209.2.2 Gradation
1.Furnish granular backfill materi al with a gradation conforming to the following: - For the entire sample, conform to the following gradation lim its: PERCENT PASSING BY WEIGHT SIEVE GRADE 1 GRADE 2 6-inch 100 100 3-inch 85 - 100 85 - 100 No. 4 25 - 100 25 - 100 - For the portion of the sample passing the No. 4 sieve, confor m to the following gradation limits: PERCENT PASSING BY WEIGHT SIEVE GRADE 1 GRADE 2 No. 4 100 100 No. 40 0 - 75 ___ No. 100 0 - 15 0 - 30 No. 200 0 - 8.0 0 - 15.0
209.2.3 Sampling and Testing
1.The department will sample and test material according to the following: Sampling[1] ............................................................................................................................. ........... AASHTO T2 Percent passing t he 200 sieve ................................. ............................................................... ........ AASHTO T11 Gradation[1] ............................................................................................................................. ........ AASHTO T27 Liquid l imit .................................................. ............................................................... ...................... AASHT O T89 Plasticity index and plastic limit ............................ ............................................................... ........... AASHTO T90 [1] As modified in CMM 8-60.
209.2.4 Source
1.Except as specified for materials used from roadway excavation under 104.8 , the contractor is responsible for negotiating with property owners to obtain gran ular material.
3.In addition to removing the topsoil, substantially remove any overburden of soil, or earthy materials passing the No. 200 sieve before excavating the granular materi al.
4.If the department measures granular material for payment in it s original position, trim and shape pits after removing overburden and bef ore removing granular material to allow taking accurate measurements. After removing the required quantity of granular material, repeat trimming and shaping of the areas to allow taking accurate measurements.
5.Restore the site by replacing or disposing of the removed over burden and ensure that disposal sites are neatly constructed. Effective with the December 2018 Letting 105 2019 Standard Spec ifications 209.3 Construction
1.If backfilling subgrade excavati ons or placing embankment, pla ce and compact as specified for embankment construction in 207. If granular backfill is specifi ed for other applications, pla ce and compact as specified for those applications.
209.4 Measurement
209.4.1 General
1.The department will measure the Backfill Granular bid items by the ton or cubic yard acceptably completed. For minor quantitie s, the engineer may measure by th e cubic yard in the vehicle. The department may convert the measur ement between weight and volum e as specified in 109.1 .
2.For measurement by the cubic yard, the department will measure material in its original position when backfilling marsh excavation and in its final position for othe r applications.
3.For measurement by the ton, the department will determine weig ht based on contractor-provided tickets submitted daily. Submit a ticket for each load showing the material, net weight, date, and project ID. For material with mor e than 7 percent moisture, the department will reduce the ticket weight by the weight of water exceeding 7 percent. The department will determine moisture content as a percent of dry weight.
4.The department will only include material within the limits an d in the places the plans show, the contract designates, or the engineer directs.
209.4.2 Measured in Original Position
1.If measured in its original pos ition, the department will calc ulate the quantity as specified for borrow in
208.4.2 Prepare the pit for measurement as specified in 209.2.4 .
209.4.3 Measured in Final Position
1.If measured in its final position, the department will calcula te the quantity by the average end area or truncated prism method. The department will measure material in its final position and compacted condition.
2.For areas where the contractor excavates and removes frost heave or unstable materials from the subgrade, the department will comput e volume using the dimensio ns of the plane of the earth subgrade, the depth of the excavation, and the limits of the ar ea that the engineer requires excavated and backfilled.
209.5 Payment
1.The department will pay for measured quantities at the contrac t unit price under the following bid items: ITEM NUMBER DESCRIPTION UNIT 209.1100 Backfill Granular Grade 1 CY 209.1500 Backfill Granular Grade 1 TON 209.2100 Backfill Granular Grade 2 CY 209.2500 Backfill Granular Grade 2 TON
2.Payment for the Backfill Granular bid items is full compensati on for providing gr anular backfill; for stripping, clearing, grubbing , excavating, shaping, trimming, a nd cleaning up the pits; for salvaging, stockpiling, rehandling, and spreading salvaged material over excavated pit areas; and for disposing of surplus materials.
3.Payment also includes water fo r compaction and dust control ex cept, if the contrac t contains the Water bid item, the department will pay s eparately for compaction and dust control water under 624.5 .
4.If the contractor substitutes g rade 1 for grade 2 material as allowed under 209.2 , the department will pay at the contract unit price for grade 2 material.
210.1 Description
1.This section describes furnishi ng backfill mate rials and backf illing excavations for bridges, box culverts, retaining walls, and structural plate pipes and pipe arches.
210.2 Materials
210.2.1 General Requirements
1.Conform to the definitions under 301.2 . Furnish virgin materials consisting of either sand-sized particles or sand-sized particle s mixed with gravel, crushed gr avel, or crushed stone. Do not use crushed concrete or reclaimed asphalt.
2.Ensure that the material provided has a liquid limit less than or equal to 25 and a plasticity index less than or equal to 6. The contract or may substitute type A for type B material.
210.2.2 Gradation
1.Furnish granular backfill materi al with a gradation conforming to the following: - For the entire sample, conform to the following gradation lim its: PERCENT PASSING BY WEIGHT SIEVE TYPE A TYPE B 3-inch 100 100 No. 4 25 - 100 25 - 100 - For the portion of the sample passing the No. 4 sieve, confor m to the following gradation limits: PERCENT PASSING BY WEIGHT SIEVE TYPE A TYPE B No. 4 100 100 No. 40 0 - 75 ___ No. 100 0 - 15 ___ No. 200 0 - 8.0 0 - 15.0
210.2.3 Sampling and Testing
1.The department will sample and test material according to the following: Sampling[1] ............................................................................................................................. ........... AASHTO T2 Percent passing t he 200 sieve ................................. ............................................................... ........ AASHTO T11 Gradation[1] ............................................................................................................................. ........ AASHTO T27 Liquid l imit .................................................. ............................................................... ...................... AASHT O T89 Plasticity index and plastic limit ............................ ............................................................... ........... AASHTO T90 [1] As modified in CMM 8-60.
210.2.4 Source
1.Except as specified for materials used from roadway excavation under 104.8 , the contractor is responsible for negotiating with property owners to obtain gran ular material.
3.In addition to removing the topsoil, substantially remove any overburden of soil, or earthy materials passing the No. 200 sieve before excavating the granular materi al.
4.Restore the site by replacing or disposing of the removed over burden and ensure that disposal sites are neatly constructed.
210.3 Construction
1.The department will measure the Backfill Structure bid items b y the ton or cubic yard acceptably completed. The department will only include material placed within the limits and in the places the plans show, the contract desig nates, or the engineer directs. F or minor quantities, the engineer may measure by the cubic yard in t he vehicle. The department may co nvert the measurement between weight and volume as specified in 109.1 .
2.For measurement by the cubi c yard, the department will determi ne volume in its final position.
Referenced in this section
Granular Backfill in other states
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Source: Wisconsin Standard Specifications for Highway and Structure Construction, 2019 Edition. Pages 113–114 of 601. View official source ↗