Wisconsin WisDOT Standard Specifications (within FDM) — Section 210

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 106 2019 Standard Spec ifications Section 210 Structure Backfill

210.1Description

(1)This section describes furnishi ng backfill mate rials and backf illing excavations for bridges, box

culverts, retaining walls, and structural plate pipes and pipe arches.

210.2Materials

210.2.1 General Requirements

(1)Conform to the definitions under 301.2 . Furnish virgin materials consisting of either sand-sized

particles or sand-sized particles mixed with gravel, crushed gr avel, or crushed stone. Do not use crushed concrete or reclaimed asphalt.

(2)Ensure that the material provided has a liquid limit less than or equal to 25 and a plasticity index less

than or equal to 6. The contract or may substitute type A for type B material. 210.2.2 Gradation

(1)Furnish granular backfill material with a gradation conforming to the following:

- For the entire sample, conform to the following gradation lim its: PERCENT PASSING BY WEIGHT SIEVE TYPE A TYPE B 3-inch 100 100 No. 4 25 - 100 25 - 100 - For the portion of the sample passing the No. 4 sieve, confor m to the following gradation limits: PERCENT PASSING BY WEIGHT SIEVE TYPE A TYPE B No. 4 100 100 No. 40 0 - 75 ___ No. 100 0 - 15 ___ No. 200 0 - 8.0 0 - 15.0 210.2.3 Sampling and Testing

(1)The department will sample and test material according to the following:

Sampling[1] ............................................................................................................................. ........... AASHTO T2 Percent passing t he 200 sieve ................................. ............................................................... ........ AASHTO T11 Gradation[1] ............................................................................................................................. ........ AASHTO T27 Liquid l imit .................................................. ............................................................... ...................... AASHT O T89 Plasticity index and plastic limit ............................ ............................................................... ........... AASHTO T90 [1] As modified in CMM 8-60. 210.2.4 Source

(1)Except as specified for materials used from roadway excavation under 104.8 , the contractor is

responsible for negotiating with property owners to obtain gran ular material.

(2)Remove the granular material and restore the pit to a final co ndition as specified for final cleanup and

material disposal under 104.9 and 208.3 .

(3)In addition to removing the topsoil, substantially remove any overburden of soil, or earthy materials

passing the No. 200 sieve before excavating the granular material.

(4)Restore the site by replacing or disposing of the removed over burden and ensure that disposal sites

are neatly constructed.

210.3Construction

(1)Place and compact as specified in 206.3.13. If structure backfill is specified for other applications,

place and compact as specified for those applications. 210.4 Measurement

(1)The department will measure the Backfill Structure bid items b y the ton or cubic yard acceptably

completed. The department will only include material placed within the limits and in the places the plans show, the contract desig nates, or the engineer directs. F or minor quantities, the engineer may measure by the cubic yard in t he vehicle. The department may co nvert the measurement between weight and volume as specified in 109.1 .

(2)For measurement by the cubi c yard, the department will determi ne volume in its final position.

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 107 2019 Standard Spec ifications (3) For measurement by the ton, the department will determine weig ht based on contractor-provided tickets submitted daily. Submit a ticket for each load showing the material, net weight, date, and project ID. For material with mor e than 7 percent moisture, the department will reduce the ticket weight by the weight of water exceeding 7 percent. The department will determine moisture content as a percent of dry weight.

210.5Payment

(1)The department will pay for measured quantities at the contrac t unit price under the following bid

items: ITEM NUMBER DESCRIPTION UNIT

210.1100 Backfill Structure Type A CY

210.1500 Backfill Structure Type A TON

210.2100 Backfill Structure Type B CY

210.2500 Backfill Structure Type B TON

(2)Payment for the Backfill Structure bid items is full compensation for providing structure backfill. The

department will pay for the Backfill Structure bid items as spe cified in 209.5 for Backfill Granular except; if the contractor substitutes type A for type B material as allowed under 210.2 , the department will pay at the contract unit price for Backfill Structure Type B.

Effective with the December 2018 Letting 108 2019 Standard Spec ifications Section 211 Preparing the Foundation

211.1Description

(1)This section describes restoring, correcting, strengthening, o r otherwise preparing the pavement

foundation to a condition suitabl e for constructing and supporting a subbase, base, or surface course. Perform the work described in this section whether or not the c ontract contains the applicable Prepare Foundation bid items.

(2)The department defines the pavement foundation as the finished earth subgrade, subbase, or base

supporting subbase, bas e, or surface course. 211.2 (Vacant)

211.3Construction

211.3.1 General

(1)Prepare and construct the foundation to uniform density throug hout. Construct the foundation to the

required alignment and cross-section with equipment and methods adapted for the purpose. After shaping and compacting, provide a smooth foundation, at require d density, and at the proper elevation and contour, to receive the next course.

(2)If necessary to properly accomplish blading or to eliminate or prevent conditions of non-uniform

stability or density, scarify the area forming the foundation t o a uniform depth.

(3)Unless specified otherwise, f ill holes, ruts, and other depressions in the foundation with materials

similar to those existing in t he foundation. Excavate and remov e high places to the required lines, grade, and section.

(4)Do not place materials on froz en earth subgrades unless the en gineer approves otherwise.

(5)Excavate and backfill areas of yielding or unstable materials with the material the engineer directs.

(6)The engineer may make minor adjustments in the plan finished g rade line necessary to maintain the

characteristics of a stabilized foundation by minimizing cutting into, or filling ov er the stabilized foundation, provided these adjustments do not impair the riding qualities, drainage, or appearance of the finished pavement or cause , in effect, a deviation from a g rade established by appropriate municipal ordinance.

(7)Prepare the foundation to conform to the specifications for th e specific subbase, base, or surface

course constructed. 211.3.2 Earth Subgrade

(1)If the foundation is an earths ubgrade, constructed under this contract or under a previous contract,

prepare or restore the foundation by removing vegetation; excavating and removing materials of any nature encountered above the required elevations; filling depre ssions occurring below the required elevations; and smoothing, shaping, and compacting the subgrade to the required grade, section, and density.

(2)Scarify the subgrade to a depth necessary for the type of mate rial encountered. Shape and compact

the subgrade to the required li nes, grade, cross-section, and u niform density. Remove stones over 6 inches in greatest dimension en countered during the operations.

(3)If the earth subgrade constructi on was substantially completed under a previous contract, do not

presume that the previously com pleted work conforms to the requirements under this section. 211.3.3 Foundation for Non-Rigid Base

(1)Prepare the foundation by scari fying, blading, leveling, and r olling as required to bring the foundation

to the required grade, cross-section, and density. Shape and co mpact the foundation for the full width of the roadbed, to the required lines, grade, cross -section, an d density for at least 1000 feet in advance of base laying operations. Unless specified otherwise, uniformly compact the foundation to not less than the density for st andard compaction of the partic ular material existing in the foundation. Maintain the prepared foundati on ahead of the base laying operations in a smooth condition and at not less than specified density. Remove any ruts or surface irregul arities produced by hauling or other equipment or other traffic. Corre ct soft or yielding areas, holes, or other defects that occur due to traffic, hauling, poor drainage, u nstable materials, or from an y other cause before placing the base. Remove snow or ice, if any, from the foundation before placing the base.

(2)Bring the foundation for open-graded base to the required grad e and cross-secti on using a machine

designed specifically for trimmi ng foundations. The machine sha ll utilize automatics ensors to trim to the required grade and cross-section. If trimmed material consi sts of crushed aggregate, salvage and use this material in the aggregat e base for shoulder constructi on.

Source: Wisconsin Standard Specifications for Highway and Structure Construction, 2019 Edition. Pages 115–116 of 601.

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209 Granular Backfill

211 Preparing the Foundation